Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B. Nong nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hgc: 26 (2013): 34-42
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Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru'cfng Dai hoc Can ThOwebsite: sj. ctu. edu. vn
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ANH HlTCTNG CUA K H A U PHAN THlTC AN LEN SINH TRlTOfNG VA MQT S 6 CHi TIEU SINH SAN CUA ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA (DONG VINH CHAU) Nguyen Thi Kim Phugng va Nguyen Van Hda^
'Bg mdn Ky thudt nudi Hdi sdn, Khoa Thuy sdn. Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: 05/11/2012 Ngd}-chdp nhdn: 20/06/2013 Title:
Effects of different feeding regimes on survival rale arui reproduction characteristics ofA.franciscana (Vinh Chau strain)
Tu khda:
A.franciscana, Artemia Mnh Chdu, cdm gao lin men, thuc dn tdm su, ChaeloceroS Keywords:
.Afranciscaca. Artemia VC strain, fermented rice bran, shrimp feed, Chaeloceros
ABSTRACT
The research aimed lo assess the effects of different feeding regimes on survival rate and reproduction characterisdcs of Artemia franciscana (Vinh Chau strain) under experimental condition. There were two stages of testing. Each treament has 3 replicates. Anemia was cultured under the density of 600 Anemia/300 ml in the same plastic bottle until reaching the mature stage in order to take data on the survival and groM-ih; Thirty pairs of mature Artemia taken from the same treatment in which one pair of Artemia, then, was cultured in a 40 ml falcol for observing arui analysing reproduction characteristics Artemia was cultured in 80 ppl, and fed nine regimes in which the Chaeloceros was considered the control diet, the others were eight regimes in which Chaeloceros was replaced by increasing dietary levels of shrimp feed or fermented rice bran, namely 25%, 50%. 75% and 100%. The results oJ the tenth day showed high percentage of survival of Artemia in all feeding regimes (>83%). Nevertheless, the best cyst reproduction oJ Artemia (1328 ± 199 cyst/female out of 1707 ± 286 embryos/female) was found in the treatment of 100% shrimp feed, while the diet oj 100% fermented rice bran enhanced nauplii production (995 ± 116nauplii/female out of 1466 = 139 (embryos/female).
TOM TAT
Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien nhdm ddnh gid dnh huong cda Ihirc dn len ti le sdng vd mot so chi tiiu sinh san cua Anemia franciscana (ddng J'7nh Chdu) trong dieu kien phong thi nghiem. Thi nghiim gdm 2 giai dogn nuoi: Anemia dugc nudi chung din giai dogn thdnh Ihuc di Iheo doi ti U sdng vd long trudng, mat do nudi 600 con/300 ml nudc, mdi nghi?m thirc dugc lap lgi 3 ldn; Nudi rieng timg cap di theo doi cdc chi tiiu sinh san vdi 30 ldn lap lgi. Nghiem thirc thirc dn ddi chung la tdo Cheatoceros. 8 nghiim thuc con lai gdm thuc dn tdm su sd 0 hodc cdm gao len men thay thi tdo Cheatoceros vdi cdc muc 25, 50. 75 va 100%.
Anemia dugc nudi a dg mdn 80 ppt. Sau 10 ngdy tudi idt cd cdc loai Ihuc an deu cho ti le sdng cao (>83%) Tuy nhien, nghiim thirc sir dung 100% thuc dn tdm su dd thuc dd}- nhiiu hon hogt dgng sinh sdn trung bdo xdc ((1328 ± 199 c}'st/ con cdi trong tdng r07 ± 286 (phdi/con cdil). trong khi do nghiim thirc 100% thirc dn cdm ggo len men bdnh mi cho kit qud sinh sdn nauplii Id cao nhdl (995 ± 116nauplii/con cdi trong tdng 1466 ± 139 (phoi/ con cdi))
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru&ng Dgi hgc C&n Tha 1 DAT VAN DE
Artemia la mdt ddi tugng thuc an tuai sdng rat quan trgng trong nudi thuy san, da dugc thu nghiem va iing dung rat phd bien trong uong nudi tdm ca hot va gidng cac loai tdm ca nudc man (Nguyen Thi Hdng Van va ctv, 2008;
Nguyin Thi Nggc Anh vd ctv, 2011a,b,c;
Hoseinefar andet al., 2009; Nguyin Van Hda vd ctv., 2008). Thuc an tdt nhit cho Anemia la tao tuoi kich thudc nhd tir 50pm trd xudng (Nguyen Van Hda vd ctv., 2007) do vay, viec su dung tao tuai lam thiic an cho Artemia thdng qua viec gay mau ao bdn phan la mdt hinh thiic nudi pho biln d VTnh Chau. Tuy nhien, md hinh nay co mdt ban che la can mdt dien tich rat Idn de phuc vu cho ao bdn phan, ddng nghTa vdi viec phai bdt di dien tfch nuoi Artemia va giam nang suat nudi tren mdt dan vi dien tich. Trong md hinh nudi truyen thdng.
phan ga dugc dimg lam ngudn thiic an phu chu yeu cho Artemia va ciing da cho ket qua tdt.
nhtmg khi cd dich ciim gia cam xay ra, ga chet hang loat, ngudn cimg thiic an cho Anemia trd nen khan hiem (Nguyen Van Hda vd ctv., 2007), din den gap van de khd khan ve ngudn thiic an cho Artemia. Cac loai thiic an cd ngudn gdc thuc vat trong dd cd cam gao dugc cho la ngudn thiic an thich hgp cho cac mo hinh nudi Artemia tham canh (Planton and Zahradnik, 1987). Ngoai ra. viec ket hgp phan heo vdi cac loai hot dau nanh va cam gao de iam thuc an cho Anemia ciing da dugc thu nghiem va iing dung tren rudng mudi (Nguyen Thi Nggc Anh va ctv., 2009). Theo cac danh gia v l gia tri dinh dudng neu chi su dung dan thuan cam gao de nudi Anemia thi ham lugng dinh dudng ciia Artemia sinh khdi cung nhu chit lugng trung bao xac khdng cao (Rosinvaili and Simpson, 1987; Sorgeloose/a/.
(1986) trich bdi Teresita (2005)). Do vay, lam sao d l phat triln mgt loai thiic an ttr cac phu phim ndng nghiep hoac cac thiic an thuy san, gia thanh phai chang sin cd tren thi trudng d l cd thi dem lai chat lugng sinh khdi tdt ciing nhu nang suit tning cao la mgt hucmg di can thiet.
Dya vao dac diim gia tang gia tri dinh duong ciia cac san phim tinh bpt sau khi dugc
Phdn B. Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hoc: 26 (2013f 34-42 len men, mdt sd nghien cuu sir dung cam len men lam thuc an cho Anemia, ket qua dat dugc rat kha quan, nhung mdi dimg lai d mtic thu nghiem can ban va phin ldn ung dung trong nudi Anemia be hoac ao dat. Gin day thm; an tdm su giai doan nhd ciing budc d i u dugc thu nghiem trong cac ao nudi Artemia nhtmg chu yeu la dung theo kinh nghiem ngudi nudi. Viec xac dinh dugc mdt ti le thay the tao bang cam Ien men hay thiic an tdm su trong khau phan an cua Anemia ma van dam bao cho sinh trudng va kha nSng sinh trirng bao xac mgt each tdi dakhdng nhung se giiip cho viec theo doi sinh hgc Artemia trong phdng thi nghiem trd nen don gian ma cdn cd y nghia trong viec de xuat Ueu lugng can dimg ciia thiic an bd sung trong thuc tien nghe nudi Artemia.
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Dia diem nghien cihi
Thf nghiem dugc thyc hien tai phdng thi nghiem Anemia, Bd mdn Ky thuat nudi Hai san. Khoa Thuy san, Trudng Dai hgc Can Tho.
2.2 Vat lieu nghien cuu
Tning bao xac A.franciscana VTnh Chau, dugc bd tri vao cac nghiem thuc sau thdi gian ap nd 24 gid trong dieu kien chuan (Sorgeloos.
1986).
Thiic an: tao Chaeloceros muelleri, cam gao loai min, thiic an tdm sii sd 0 (40% dam).
Thiic an dugc xac dinh lugng can thiet d dang khd dugc len men (u men trong 24 gid theo ti le: Img men banh mi: 1kg cam gao) (ddi vdi cam) \ a ngam nudc man 15 phiit (ddi vdi thuc an tdm sii) dugc lpc qua ludi 50 pm trudc khi cho an.
Nudc man (80 ppt): dugc thu tu cac ao nudi Artemia tu trai thuc nghiem DHCT, VTnh Chau, Sdc Trang (ap Bien Dudi, xa VTnh Phudc. huyen VTnh ChaiL tinh Sdc Trang).
23 Bo tri thi nghiem
Thf nghiem dugc b6 tri trong cac chai nhya 1000 - 1500 ml, mdi nghiem thiic cd 3 lan lap lai. bd tri theo kieu hoan toan ngau nhien, cho an moi ngay 2 lin (7 gid) \ a (17 gid) theo
Tap cht Khoa hoc Truang Dai bgc Cdn Tha Phdn B Ndng nghi?p. Thuy san vd Cong ngh^ Sinh hgc. 26 (2013/. 34-42 khiu phin tieu chuan cho 1 con Anemia
(Nguyin Van Hda, 1993) tinh theo khdi lugng khd. Khi Anemia cd hien tugng bat cap thi tach ra 30 cap, mdi cap/ 1 dng n ^ e m (40m]).
cap nao cd con dye chit thi bat con dye tu quan the dd vao tiep tuc thi n ^ e m , den khi con cai chet thi thi nghiem dd ket thuc.
Thi nghiera gdm 9 nghiem thiic thiic an:
Nghiem thuc 1: 100% cam gao len men (1100 Cam)
Nghiem thuc II: 100% tao Chaeloceros (III00 Chae)
Nghiem thiic 111: 100% thiic an tdm (111100 T.A. Tdm)
Nghiem thiic IV: 75% cam gao len men va 25% tao Chaetoceros (IV75 Cam)
Nghiem thiic V; 50% cam gao len men va 50% tao Chaetoceros (V50 Cam)
Nghiem thuc Vl: 25% cam gao len men va 75% tao Chaetoceros (VI25 Cam)
Nghiem thuc VII: 25% thirc an tdm va 75%
tao Chaetoceros (V1I25 T.A. Tdm) Nghiem thiic VIll: 50% thiic an tdm va 50% tao Chaetoceros (VIII50 T.A. Tom)
Nghiem thuc IX: 75% thiic an tdm va 25%
tao Chaetoceros (1X75 T.A. Tdm).
Thi nghiem dugc bo tri trong phdng thi nghiem cd may dieu hda nhiet do khoang 25- 26°C, d dg man 80 ppt.
2.4 Thu thap va phan tich so lieu Cac chi tieu theo doi
Cac chi tieu theo doi \ e vdng ddi va sinh san cua Artemia (dugc xac dinh theo Nguyen van Hda (2003)):
Tat ca cac chi tieu dugc theo doi tren quan the den khi Anemia cd hien tugng bat cap thi chi theo doi tren ca the.
7> le song (theo doi tren qudn thi) Ti le sdng dugc xac dinh tren quin thi vao naa\ thu 3 va 10.
Trong thi nghiem nuoi rieng, cdc chi tieu sinh sdn duac thu thdp gom:
Tong so phoi/ con cdi: la tdng sd lugng cyst va nauplii sinh san trong vdng ddi ciia con cai.
S6 trung cyst/ con cdi: la sd lugng tning dugc sinh ra trong vdng ddi ciia con cai.
So du triing nauplii/ con cdi: la sd lugng au triing dugc sinh ra trong vdng ddi cua con cai.
Khodng cdch giira 2 dot sinh sdn cua con cdi (ngdy)= Khoang thdi gian giiia lan sinh san trudc dd va lan sinh san tiep theo (chu ky sinh san).
Siic sinh sdn trung binh (Fecundity): tong sd phoi dugc sinh ra trong 1 dgt sinh san ciia mdt con cai.
Ti le de irung (cyst)/con (%): phin tram ciia nhirng lan de tning/de con (nauplii) tren tdng sd dgt sinh san trong vdng ddi ciia 1 con cai
Sd dryt (ldn) sinh sdn: tdng sd dgt sinh san ciia con cai trong vdng ddi.
Sue sinh sdn trung BX/con: Tdng cysts/
nauplii/ 1 con cai/ 1 dgt de (G)
Moi so chi tieu theo doi ve vong dai cda Anemia (chi theo doi tren con cdi)
Thdi gian tien sinh sdn (ngdy): tfnh tir liic nd den luc Anemia cd lua de dau tien.
Thai gian sinh sdn (ngdy): tfnh tir liic Artemia cd liia de dau tien d i n lan sinh san cudi cimg.
Thai gian hgu sinh sdn (ngdy): tinh tu thdi diem con cai sinh san cudi ctmg den liic chit.
Vong dai cua con cdi (ngdy): tfnh tren con cai tir luc nd den liic chet.
Phdn lich so lieu
Su dung Excel 2010 d l tinh toan gia Ui trung binh, do lech chuin va ve dd thi biln thien cua cac ylu td. Phin mim xu Iy thdng ke Statistica 7,0 dugc dimg d l so sanh cac gia tri trung binh giua cac nhdm trong nghiem thiic, phan tich phucmg sai ANOVA mgt nhan to dl tim ra sy khac biet cd y nghia gi&a cac gia tri trung binh cua cac nghiem thiic {p< 0,05).
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phan B Ndng nghiep. Thuy s 4 Sinh hoc: 26 (2013): 34-42 3 K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1 Anh h v d n g cua cac loai khSu phan thu-c an len ti le song va sinh trirdng cua Artenda
3.1.1 Anh huang cua cdc logi khdu phdn thdc dn len li le song cua Artemia Ttr Bang 1 cho thiy, thiic an dugc str dtmg trong giai doan 1-3 ngay tudi se anh hudng din ti le song ctia Anemia giai doan nay, khac biet ti le sdng giiia cac nghiem thiic la cd y nghTa thdng ke (p<0,05). Ti le sdng thip nhit (78,0%) thu dugc d cac nghiem thiic lioocam va IV75Cam. Trong khi do, ti le sdng d cac nghiem thuc cdn lai rit cao (>85%), dang k l nhit la hai nghiem thuc Ilioochae va Vll25TAT6m d i u cho ti Ie sdng tren 92%.
Sau 10 ngay nuoi Artemia bang cac khau phan thiic an khac nhau cho thiy, ti Ie sdng ciia Anemia bi anh hudng nhieu. Ti Ie Bang 1: Anh huvng ciia 9 loai thuc Sn l^n ti l£ song
sdng thap nhat d nghiem thiic 100% cam gao len men (70,4 ± 6,19), cao nfait d 100%
Chaetoceros (88,0 ± 2,40), 100% thuc an tdm dat muc tnmg binh (85.3 ± 47.1). khac biet giiia cac ngliiem thuc ta c6 y nghTa thdng ke.
Tuy nhien sy khac biet giiia nghiem thiic 100% Chaetoceros va hai nghiem thiic thay the 25% va 50% tao bang thiic an tdm cho ket qua ti le sdng lin lugt la 86,9 ± 5,39, 85,6 ± 1,39 khac biet khdng cd y nghia thdng ke (p<0,05). Ket qua cho thiy nlu ti le cam gao len men thay the tang dan trong khiu phin an 100% Chaetoceros thi ti Ie sdng ciia Artemia trong giai doan 1-10 ngay tudi se giam dan.
Tao Chaetoceros la thuc an cho ti le sdng ctia Anemia cao nhit vao ngay 10 (88,0 ± 2,40%).
Ket qua trong nghien ciiu nay tucmg ddi cao ban so vdi ket qua ciia Ludwig (1999) va Gomezet al. (1999), ti Ie s6ng A.franciscana sau 11 ngay nudi bang tao Chaetocerossp. lan lugt la 73,0 ± 3,00% va 67,4%.
cua Artemia giai do^nl-lO ngay tuoi Ngbiem Thijc
IlOOC&Ti IllOOChae IIIlOOT.\Tain IVTSCam Vsocam
Vhscu,
V l b s T A T o m VIIIjOTATom IX75T A T6m
Tj II song 3 78,0±9,I7' 92,0±2,00"»
86,7±3,06"' 78,0±6,93"
90,0±4,00*
88,7±5,03*
92,7*1,15' 90,0±3,46"'' 85,3±5,03*
Ngav Tuoi 10 70,4±6,19' 88,0±2,40"
85,3±47.r'' 72.4*7,07"
83.8±4,07*
79,3*8,49""
86.9±5.39' 85,6±1.39"
83,6±2,52"'
Chieu dai 3 1,06*0,30"
1,43*0,29"' 1,24*0,26"' 1,31*0,25"' 1,02*0,25"' 0,94*0,25"' 0,90*0,25"
0,84*0,25"
0,97*0,25"
10 5,96*1,49' 7,54*0,48"
8.55*0,32"
8.69*0.88"
8.28*1,05"
9,33*0,34"
8.87*0,42"
8.82*0,71"
9,14*0,36"
Nhung chu cai trong cung mdt cot khdc nhau biiu hien su 3.1.2 Anh huang cua cdc logi thicc dn len
chieu ddi cua Anemia
Tir Bang 1 cho thiy chilu dai cua Artemia a ngay 3 dat ldn nhit 1,43 mm (nghiem thiic 100% tao Chaetoceros ) so vdi tit ca cac nghiem thiic khac. Cac nghiem thuc thiic an cdn lai Artemia cd chieu dai dao ddng 0,97- 1.31 mm va khong khac biet cd y nghia (p>0.05), ngoai trir hai nghiem thuc VII:5TAT6m(0,90 mm) va VIIIsoTAiam (0,84 mm) la kliac biet co y nghia thdng ke.
d thdi diim ngay 10, chieu dai naupHi thap nhit la 5,96 mm (nghiem thuc lioocam), chilu
lihdc biel COy nghia thdng ke a mirc (p<0.05)
dai d miic trung binh la 7.54 mm (nghiem thiic Ilioochae), tTong khi do nhiing nghiem thire cdn Iai chieu dai Artemia deu ldn ban 8,50 mm. dang k^ nhat la nghiem thiic Vhscam (9,33 mm) va nghiem thiic IXysTATSm (9,14 mm).
Dieu nay cd the do ti Ie sdng cua hai nghiem t h u c Vl25Cam ( 7 9 . 3 ± 8 . 4 9 % ) v a IX75TAT6m (83,6±2,52%) nam d miic thap va trung binh nen da phan nao giiip cho tang tudng ciia Artemia dugc tdt hon. Ket qua chieu dai cua Anemia khi nudi bang 100% tao Chaetoceros cua nghiem thuc nay (7.54±0.48 mm) cao hon so vdi ket qua cua Gdmez et al (1999) va
Tgp cbi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Pbdn B- Adng nghiep. Thuy sdn va Cdng nghf Sinh hgc: 26 (2013): 34-42
Ludwig et al. (1999), chilu dai sau 11 ngay nudi A.franciscana bing tao Chaetocerossp.
lin lugt la 5,00 mm va 4,64 ± 0,71 mm.
Kit qua thf nghiem cho thiy d nghiem thuc thay thi 25% cam gao len men 75% thirc an tom dat tang trudng chieu dai (khoang 9,14 mm din 9,33 mm) tot hon so vdi cac nghiem thuc thiic an khac. Do do, 2 nghiem thuc thiic an nay cd thi str dung de imoi Artemia.
Ket qua dat dugc ve cac chi tieu sinh trudng trong thi nghiem nay tuang dong vdi kit qua ciia Coutteau (1992). Tac gia dung men banh d l thay thi vao khau phan thiic an tao Dunaliella tertiolecta cua A.franciscana a nhilu ti le thay thi khac nhau. Ket qua cho thiy ti le thaj; thi 75% hoac 95% men banh mi vao khiu phin 100% thirc an tao diu khdng anh hudng din ti le sing va tham chi cho ti le tang trudng cao hon so vdi nghiem thiic su dung 100% tao trong sudt giai doan 7 ngay dau ciia nauplii.
3.2 Anh hirdng ciia cac loai thu-c an len vong ddi va cac chi tieu sinh san cua Artenua
3.2 I Anh hudng cua cdc loai thirc dn len tuoi thg cua Anemia
Tir Bang 2 cho thiy, ti le thay the ciia cam gao u men va thuc an tdm vdi tao Chaeloceros Bang 2: Anh hudng ciia 9 loai tbvtc Sn khac nhau
dugc dimg trong thi nghidm co anh hudng den chi tieu vong ddi ciia Artemia. Khoang chenh lech vdng ddi giira cac nghiem thuc dao dgng trong khoang 1-10 ngay, trong dd vdng ddi cua nghiem thirc IX75TA-T6m (69,3 ± 4,87 ngay) va nghiem thiic llioochae (68,0 ± 5,21ngay) dugc xem la dai nhit trong khi nghiem thfc co ti le cam nhilu lai cho ket qua vdng ddi ngin nhat trong cac nghiem thiic, va khac biet giiia cac nghiem thiic c6 ti Ie cam cao la khong co y nghia, cu thi nghiem thiic Iioocam (59,2 ± 6,31 ngay) va nghiem thirc IVTscam (59,0 ± 5,52ngay). Trong do, vdng ddi cao nhit la d hai nghiem thiic llioochae (68,1± 5,21 ngay) va lX75TAT6m (69,3 ± 4,87 ngay) nhung vdng ddi nay lai ngin hon khoang 25 d i n 26 ngay so vdi vong ddi cua Anemia trong thi nghiem ciia Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu Dd Quynh (1991) (94,3 ± 19,6 ngay).
Thdi gian tiln sinh san ngan nhat d hai nghiem thuc llioochae va lliiooTATom lan lugt la 13,7 ± 1,76 va 14,0 ± 0,87(ngay), khac biet khdng cd y nghia thong ke. Cac nghiem thiic thay thi bing cam gao len men cho ket qua thdi gian tien sinh san (trong khoang 16,4 ± 1,35 din 17,7 ± 1,19 (ngay)) tuong ddi dai hon khoang 1-2 ngay so vdi cac nghiem thuc thay the bang thuc an tdm su (trong khoang 15,2 ± 1,47 din 16,4 ±1,57 (ngay)).
ISn tuoi th9 cua Artemia Ngliiem Thijc
llOOCdm II|CK)Chse IIIlOOT ATom 1V,5C.,„
VsoCim V b i C r n , V l h s T A T a m VIIIsoTATani IXTSTATom
Thifi gian tien sinh san 18.3*1,42"
13,7*1,76=
14.0*0.87' 17,7*1,19' 17.6*1,18'"
16.4*1,35' 15,2*1.47"
15.4*1,77"' 16.4*1.57«
Thiyi gian sinh san 40,9*6,42"
45,3*4,63"
44.6*9,63"
41,3*6,14"
41,4*6,49"
43,9*8,45"
43,8*4,73"
43,7*7,31"
42,4*8,05"
Thcri gian hau sinh siiu 0,00"
8,9*2.35'!
2,10*2,43"
0"
0,97*1,40"
2,90*2,95'' 5,00*3,72' 2,93*3,30"
10.3*3.06'
Vong dM 59.2*6,31"
68,0*5,21""
61,9*4.73"
59.0*5,52"
60,0*6,57"
63,0*7,02"'' 61,4*6,93"
64,0*6,48"
69,3*4,87''
Nhung chir cdi Irong cimg mgl cot khdc nhau bieu hien su khdc biel cd y nghTa thdng ke a mirc (p<Q. 05)
Thdi gian tien sinh san ciia nghiem thiic thuc an 100% tao Chaetoceros trong thi nghiem nay (13,7 ± 1.76 ngay) gin gidng vdi ket qua ciia Ludwig et al. (1999), A.franciscana da dat den giai doan trudng thanh (co hien tirgng bat cap) chi sau 11 ngay
nuoi bang tao Chaetocerossp., nhtmg lai ngan hon rit nhieu (khoang 11 ngay) so vdi thdi gian tien sinh san ciia Anemia trong thi nghiem ciia Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu Dd Quynh (1991) (24,7 ± 3,80 ngay). Ddng thdi, thdi gian tien sinh san cua nghiem thirc cam
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn B Ndng ngliicp. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Smh hgc: 26 (2013). 34-42 gao len men frong thi nghiem nay (18,3 ± 1,42
ngay) tuang ddi dai ban (kboang 2 nga:^) so vdi thdi gian tiln sinh san cua Anemia (lay tir mgng mudi, Tuticorin) nuoi bing cam gao trong dilu kien do man 50 ppt (16 ngay) (Balasundaram et al. 1987). Thdi gian hau sinh san d cac nghiem thiic dien ra rit ngin, hien tugng Anemia chet ngay trong lan de cudi cimg la rit phd biln trong sudt qua trinh thi nghiem, tuy nhien d nghiem thiic thuc an 100% tao Chaetoceros thi Artemia cd thdi gian hau sinh san dai nhat 8,90 ± 2,35 ngay.
Thdi gian sinh san khac biet khong cd y nghia thdng ke giira cac nghiem thuc (p<0,05) tuy nhien d nghiem thiic 100% Chaetoceros cho gia tri thdi gian sinh san dai nhit (45,3 ± 4,63 ngay) trong khi dd d nghiem thiic Iioocam lai cho gia tri thdi gian sinh san nhd nhit (40,9
± 6,42 ngay). Thdi gian sinh san cua nghiem thiic 100% tao Chaetoceros trong thf nghiem nay ngan hon khoang 25 ngay so vdi thdi gian sinh san cua Anemia trong thi nghiem cua Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu Do Quynh (1991) (65,7 ± 21,8 ngay). Trong khi thdi gian hau sinh san va so Iua de ciia Anemia trong thi nghiem nay thip hon lan lugt khoang 1-2 (ngay) va 9- 10 (Ilia), so vdi ket qua cua Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Bang 3: Anh hirdng ciia 9 loiai thirc an khac nhau leu
Vu Dd Quynh (1991) thi khoang each giira 2 liia de trong thf nghiem nay dai han khoang 3 ngay so vdi ket qua ciia Ngd Thi Thu Thao va VuDd Quynh (1991).
3.2.2 Anh hudng cita cdc logi thuc dn lin cdc chi tieu sinh sdn cua Artemia Ti le thay the cita cam gao ii men va thuc an tdm vdi tao Chaetoceros trong thf nghiem cd anh hudng den tdng sd Ian sinh san ciia con cai, va tong so phoi dat dugc trong mpt lan sinh san ciang cd su khac nhau giiia cac nghifm thiic. Trong do, sd lin sinh san it nhit (6 lin) (nghiem thuc Ijoocam) nhung sd lugng phdi trong mdi lan lai cao nhat (244 phdi).
Tuong tu, tdng Iugng phdi/ 1 lin sinh san cua nghiem thuc IIIIOOTATOID ciing cho tuono ddi cao (213 phdi) vdi sd lin sinh san la 8. Ket qua 183 (phdi/ 1 lin sinh san) (nghiem thirc 100%
tao Chaetoceros) cimg gan tuong dong so vdi ket qua trong thi nghiem ciia Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu Do Quynh (1991) (192 ± 38,0 phdi/ 1 lan sinh san), trong thi nghiem cac tac gia su dung taoChaetoceros (mat do 300 000 te bao/ ml) de nudi A.franciscana trong dieu kien phdng thi nghiem vdi nhiet do dn dinh d muc 26°C.
siic sinh san cua A r t e m i a
Cyst Nauplii Tong phoi
l l Q O C i t m
471±
59,0"
995*
116"
1466«
1 3 9 "
111 00 Chae 923=
106*"
60 8±
155"
1531±
161"
IIIlOO LATom I328±
199' 379*
143' 1707*
286"
Ngh IV?!
749=
143"
543=
96"
1292±
202"
iem thijc VsOCim
778*
127"
529*
88"
1307*
145"
Vljs 519*
112' 591*
135' 1110*
196' VIIis T A.Tam 986*
152"
516*
125"
1234*
193"' VlHsD T.VTSm 947*
121' 410*
94' 1357*
IS?"*
1X7!
TAT6in 834=
189' 248=
87' 1350=
243"' Nhung chir cdi trong ciing mgt hang khdc nhau bieu hiin su khdc biel cdy nghTa ihdng ke o c(p<0,05)
Tu Bang 3 cho thay, ti le thay the cua cam gao li men va thiic an tdm vdi tao Chaetoceros trong thi nghiem cd anh hudng den tdng sd phdi. Trong khi tdng so phdi dao dgng trong khoang 1110 ± 196 din 1357 ± 145 (phdi) (d c a c n g h i e m thiic IVysCam, Vjocam, VhsCam, VIl25TAT6m, VIlsOTATom, VlLsTATom) tW d nghiem thiic Iiwcam. Hioochae- IIIiooTAiom tdng sd phdi lai cao hon nhilu, nam trong khoang 1466 ± 139 din 1707 ± 286 (phdi). Trong khi
do thi khi nudi Artemia bang tao Chaetoceros trong dieu kien 26''C trong phong thi nghiem thi ket qua tdng phdi trong tiu' nghiem cua Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu Do Quynh (1991) (3544
± 1393 phdi) lai cao gan hon gdp ddi gia tri dat dugc ciia nghiem thiic 100% tao Chaetoceros (1531 ±161 phdi).
Tong sd nauplii cao nhit 995 ± 116 (nauplii) (Loocam) va thip nhit la 248 ± 87,0 (nauplii) (VlhiTATSm). Ngugc Iai, kit qua
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai bgc Can Tha Phdn B. Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd \e Sinh hoc: 26 (2013): 34-42 trimg bao xac cao nhit 1328 ± 199(cyst) thu
duoc d nghiem thuc IIIIOOT AT6m, sau dd la 986
± 152(cyst) (VIl25TyvT6m), 947 ± 121(cyst) (VIlsoTAjom) va 923 ± I06(cyst) (llioochae) tuong ddi cao so vdi nhihig nghiem thuc cdn lai nhung lai thap ban khoang 145 cyst so vdi ket qua dat dugc trong thi nghiem dung tao Chaetoceros cho A.franciscana cua Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vu D6 Quynh (1991) (1068 cyst). Hai thi nghiem khdng tien hanh trong ciing mdt thdi diem, do dd ma hai yeu to quan ly thi nghiem va dieu kien thi nghiem trong do thuc an, nhiet do, do man co the la nguyen nhan cua sy khac biet kit qua giiia cac thf nghiem.
Nhu vay, sii dung thiic an tom cd thi dap
Hinh 1: Sinh sau trung cyst va nauplii cua 9 nghif m thtrc thirc an'
(tinh theo %) I
Hinh 1 cho thay ti le sinh san cyst cua Artemia trong cac thi nghiem nay cd sy khac biet giua cac nghiem thuc (p<0.05). Trong do cao nhit d 2 nghiem thuc 100% thiic an tdm sii (llIiooTATom: 77,8%) va nghiem thiic VIl25TAT6i7i (79,9%). Tuy ti le sinh san cyst d nghiem thirc VlbsTAXom cao hon khoanp 2%
so vdi nghiem thiic lljoochae, nhung xet ve kha nang dn dinh thi dung thuc an tom sii se tien Igi cho ngudi nuoi hem \ i thiic an tom sii la ngudn thiic an cd sin tren thi trudng, ngudi nudi cd the chii dgng dugc ngudn thuc an trong khi viec nudi tao cin thdi gian va trai qua nhieu cdng doan. Ti le sinh san cyst ciia nghiem thiic 100% tao Chaeloceros trong thi nghiem nay cao han gin 3 lin ti le sinh san cyst trong thi nghiem cua Nguyin Thj Hdng Van va ct^' (2010) tren ddng A.franciscana VTnh Chau d dilu kien mat do 200con/ 400ml, nudi bing tao Chaetoceros sp. trong dp man
ling nhu cau nuoi Artemia d l thu cyst vdi kha nang 1328 ± 199 cyst/ con cai trong tdng 1707
± 286 (phdi/ con cai) cao hon so vdi tfing cyst/
con cai (1068 cyst) trong thi nghiem diing hoan toan tao Chaetoceros (mat do 300 000 te bao/ ml) cua Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vii Dd Qu^nh (1991). Neu muc dich nudi la thu sinh khdi nauplii thi thiic an cam gao len men banh mi nen dugc su dung, vdi sire sinh san la 995±116nauplii/con cai trong tdng 1466± 139 (phdi/ con cai) nhimg siic sinh san nauplii nay thip han rat nhieu (khoang 2476 nauplii/ con cai) so vdi ket qua dat dugc trong thf nghiem ciia Ngd Thi Thu Thao va Vii Do Quynh (1991).
80 ppt (ti le sinh san cyst la 21,l±8,10%) va ti le nay ciing cao ban gan gip ddi ti \& sinh san cyst cua Anemia trong thi nghiem cua Ngo Thi Thu Thao va Vu Do Quynh (1991) (khoang 30%).
4 K E T L U ^ N VA DE XUAT 4.1 K e t l u ^ n
Thiic an 25% cam gao len men hoac thirc an 75% thiic an tdra cho tang trudng chilu dai Anemia la ldn nhit (9,14 - 9,33 mm). Vdng ddi Artemia cao nhit d cac nghiem thiic 75%
thuc an tdm sii (69,3 ± 4.87 ngay) va nghiSm thiic 100% tao Chaetoceros (68,0 ± 5,21 ngay), thap nhit d nghiem thirc 100% cam gao len men (59,2 ± 6,31 ngay) va nghiem thirc 75%
cam gao len men (59,0 ± 5,52ngay). Khiu phan 100% thirc an tdm su va 25% thirc an tdm cho ti le cyst cao nhit lin lugt la 77,8%
(vdi sire sinh san la 1328 ± 199 cyst/ 1 con cai
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Smh boc. 26 (2013). 34-42 trong tdng 1707 ± 286 (phdi/ ! con cai)) va
79,9% (vdi sire sinh san la 986 ± 152 cyst/ 1 con cai trong tdng 1234 ± 193 (phdi/ i con cai)), Ti le sinh san nauplii cao nhat d nghiem thirc 100% thiic an cam gao len men banh mi (67,9%) (vdi siic sinh san la 995 ± 116nauplii/
1 con cai trong tdng 1466± I39(phdi/1 con cai).
4.2 ©e x u i t
Neu muc dich nudi la thu trimg bao xac thi 100% thiic an tdm sii nen dugc su dung.
Neu muc dich nudi la thu sinh khdi nauplii thi thuc an cam gao Ien men banh mi nen dugc sir dung.
LCn CAM TA
De tai nay dugc thuc hien tren co sd kinh phi cua du an "Xay dung md hinh va phd bien quy trinh nudi Anemia tham canh tren rudng muoi huyen VTnh Chau, tinh Sdc Trang" hgp tac giira Khoa Thiiy san. DHCT va Sd Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Sdc Trang. tinh Sdc Trang.
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
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