BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Sir KHAC BIET VE BO TUOI VA TRANG THAI T A M LY TRir0C THI DAU COA VAN ilONG V I I N DOI TOYEN VO CO TRUYEN TJNH DONG NAI
Le Thj My Hanh*; Mai Hong Phat**
Tom tat:
Cfng dung bang hoi POMS de do luong trgng thdi tam ly trudc thi d^u cua van dpng vien (VOV) Vo c6 truyen D6ng Nai, nghien cu-u da chi ra trgng thai t§m ty truo^c khi thi d l u gi&a 3 nhom tuoi VOV d6i tuyen Vo co tnjyen Oong Nai co su tu-ang d6ng cao, chi mpt so bieu hien c6 si^ khac bi?t.
Oay la co sa giup huin luy$n vi§n co dirge su' chuan bj tdt han ve mgt t§m ly cho VOV nham dat dugc thanh tich cao trong thi dau.
TCP khoa: Vo co truy§n Oong Nai, trang th§i tam ly truoc thi dlu, POMS.
The difference of age and psychological state before competition of traditional martial art athletes in Dong Nai province
Summary:
Using POMS questionnaire to check psychological state before competition of traditional martial art athletes in Dong Nai province, the research indicates that the psychological state between 3 age group of traditional martial art athletes In Dong Nai province are similar, only some show differ- ences. This is the foundation to assist the coach with better psychological preparation for athletes in order to get good performance in competition.
Keywords: Dong Nai traditional martial art, psychological state before competition, POMS. _ J HAT UAN UE
Thi dau the thao la mpt dang hoat dpng dac biet. De gianh chien thang VDV luon phai doi mat vol nhung kho khan, nhiing cang thang den ngudng gioi han ca ve tinh thkn va thi chSt.
Truoc va trong qua trinh thi ddu VDV de bi quan, giao dpng khi gap d6i thu manh hon. Hg de bi: "soc" ve tam ly, noi lo au dan den pha vo ky thuat, sai ikm vi chiin thuat, thiiu tu tin...
Ngugc lai, khi manh hem dii thii thi hp thi ddu mpt each thoai mai, tu tin, ban linh. Tuy nhien, ciing CO thi nay sinh tam ly ehii quan coi thudng doi thu, tir do c6 sai sot trong ky chiin thuat, tir tu tin sang mdt binh tTnh, liing tiing, c6 khi din din that bai khong dang eo. Cae vdn di khac ciing anh huong nhu san nha, san khach, trpng tai, CO so vat chdt... diu co anh huong toi tam ly.
Vo c6 truyen la mot mon thi thao thi ddu loai hire tiip va mang tinh d6i khang cao, ap luc tam ly cao. Trong thi ddu dpng tac biin hoa khong ngiing, chiin thuat phiic tap, nhiiu dang. Diiu
•TS, Trudng Dai hgc TDTT Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
"ThS, Trudng Ogi hgc TDTT Thanh ph6 Ho Chi Minh
ftay doi hoi VDV Vo c6 truyin mpt tam ly thi dau on dinh, viing v^ng va tap trung cao dp, dung cam va quyet tam, no luc y chi cao ngay tir trudc thi dau den ket thiic tran ddu. Theo cac nha tam ly hpc, ben canh cac yiu t6 khach quan thi 1 yeu to chii quan la dp tu6i eiing co nhung anh hudng khong nho tdi trang thai tam ly hudc thi dau ciia VDV. Tuy nhien vdn di nay d cac VDV Vo CO truyen Dong Nai lai chua dugc quan tam nghien ciiu, do vay, van de c6 y nghia khoa hpc va thuc tien cao, ket qua nghien ciiu la CO sd de HLV co bien phap chuan bi tam ly cho VDV trudc cac cupc thi dau.
Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu da su dung cac phuang phap sau:Phuang phap dpc, tong hgp va phan tich tai lieu; Phuang phap khao sat dieu tra bang bang cau hoi; Phuong phap toan thong ke (Tat ca cac s6 lieu dugc tiin hanh xu ly tren may tinh vdi phdn mim SPSS 17.0, bao gim: Phan tich thong ke mo ta (Descriptive Analysis) de phan tich phuong sai, do lech chudn....;)
OAOTAOVAHUANUIYByiKTHAO S 0 5/2U18
Viet Nam c6 kho tang vo co truyen vd cung da dang, phong phu va du'p'c dong dao ngu'd'i dan yeu thich, tham gia tap luyen
Cong cu do lirong: Nghien ciiu nay dung bang hoi POMS (Profile of mood state) la mpt bai kiem tra tam ly dugc tao ra bdi MC Nair va c6ng su (1971). Bang hoi gom 65 cau, 7 thanh phan mo ta cam xiic ma mpi ngudi c6.
Kh^ch thi nghien cihi: G6m 21 VDV dii
0.003<0.05. Trong do, nhom tuoi 16 < 20 tuoi va nhom >25 tuoi co gia tri trung binh bang nhau ve bieu hien nan chi, nhom tir 20 -25 tuoi CO bieu hien eao nhat va bieu hien Nan chi thupc thanh phan met moi.
- d bieu hien tinh than ban loan cua VDV khang va quyen thuat dpi tuyen Vo eo truyen nhom tuoi tir 16<20 tuoi co gia tri trung binh la Dong Nai.
KET QUA NGHIEN ClJfUVA BAN LUAN Sau khi phan tich thuc trang trang thai tam ly trudc thi dau ciia VDV Vo Co truyen tinh Dong Nai. Nghien cim tien hanh phan tich sau cac bieu hien tam ly cua VDV d cae nhom tuoi cua VDV bang phuang phap phan tich phuang sai (ANOVA) de kiem dinh gia thuyet trung binh bang nhau cua cac nhom:
Qua qua trinh tinh toan da thu dugc ket qua trinh bay d bang 1 nhu sau:
Qua bang 1 cho thay: Trong 40 bieu hien cua trang thai tam ly trudc thi dau chi co 6 bieu hien CO sir khac biet giiia cac dp tuoi, eu thi:
- d biiu hien nan chi cua VDV nhom tu6i tir 16<20 tu6i CO gia tri trung binh la x = 1 .OOiO.OO; VDV nhom tu6i hi 20-25 tuii eo gia tri trung binh la x = 1.50 ± 0.71. VDV nhom tuii tren 25 tuii c6 gia hi ttoing binh la x = 1.00
± 0.00. Su khac biet co y nghia thdng ke d ngudng xac suat 95% do gia tri Sig. =
X = 1.12 ± 0.33; VDV nhom tuoi hi 20-25 tuoi cd gia tri trung binh la x - 1.50 ± 0.71; VDV nhom tuoi tren 25 tuoi c6 gia tri tnmg binh la x
^ 2.50 ± 0.71. Sir khac biet c6 y nghTa thong ke d nguong xac suat 95% do gia tri Sig. = O.00KO.05. Trong do, nhom tuii 16<20hi6ic6 gia tri bieu hien thap nhat, nhom tu 20 -25 tuoi CO bieu hien cao hon va nhom >25 tuoi co bieu hien eao nhat va bieu hien tinh than ban loan thupc thanh phan Cang thang.
- Ci bieu hien cau g4t cua VDV nhom tuoi tir 16<20 tuoi CO gia tri trung binh la x = 1.12 ± 0.33; VDV nhom tuoi tir 20-25 tuoi co gia tri trung binh la x - 1.00 ± 0.00; VDV tren 25 hail CO gia tri trung binh la x = 2.00 ± 0.00. Su khac biet CO y nghia thong ke d ngudng xac suat 95%
do gia hi Sig. = 0.004 < 0.05. Trong do nhom tir 20-25 tuoi co bieu hien thap nhat, nhdm tuoi tir 16<20 tuoi c6 bieu hien cao hon va nhom tren 25 tuoi CO bieu hien eao nhat va bieu hien cau gat thupc thanh phan gian dii.
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Bang 1. Sip khac bift ve cac bieu hien trang thai tam ly trifwc thi dau gi&a cac do
tuoi cua VOV Vo CO truyen tinh 06ng Nai
— ..,„___Nh6m tuoi Bieu tiien " — ^ Cang thing
Nong gign
Nan clii KhSng phan khai Tinh thin thoai mai Hoang loan
B6I r6i Tinh than ban loan Cau gat
M^t m6i
Au sau Tinh than sung man Khong the tgp trung Ttr tin Kh5ng yen tam BLTC minh Xuong tinh than Oru Chu dgng.
tfch cue Hoang mang
Tu16<20 Tie 20-25 Trgn 25 Tu16<20 Tu 20-25 Tren 25 Til 16<20 Tu 20-25 Tren 25 Tu 16<20 Tu 20-25 Tren 25 Tu16<20 Tu 20-25 Tren 25 Tu 16<20 Tu 20-25 Tren 25 Tir 16<20 TCP 20-25 Tren 25 TU'16<20 Tir 20-25 TrSn 25 Tu16<20 T * 20-25 Tren 25 TU 16<20 Til 20-25 Tr§n 25 Tir 16<20 Tir 20-25 Tren 25 Tir 16<20 Tir 20-25 Tren 25 TCP 16<20 TCP 20-25 Tren 25 Tip 16<20 TCP 20-25 1 ren 25 Tip 16<20 TCP 20-25 Iren 25 TCP 16<20 TCP 20-25 Tr§n 25
l u 16<20 1 u 20-25 Tren 25 TCP 16<20 TCP 20-25 Tren 25 rcp16<20 TCP 20-25 rren 25 rCp16<20 TCP 20-25 1 ren 25
X 2.12 2 00 2.00 1 12 1.50 1 00 1 00 1 50 1.00 1.18 1.00 2.00 3 18 3.00 4.00 1.18 1.00 1.00 1.76 1.00 2.00 1.12 1.50 2.50 1.12 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1 24 100 1.50 3.12 3.00 4.00 1.12 1.50 1.50 3.59 4.50 5.00 1.76 1.00 1.00 1.24 1.00 1.50 1.18 2.00 2 00 1.12 1.00 2 00 2 94 4.50 3.50 1.41 1.50 1.50
5
0.49 0.00 1.41 0.33 0 71 0 00 0 00 0.71 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.88 1.41 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.00 141 0.33 0.71 0 71 0.33 0 00 0.00 1.27 1.41 1.41 0.44 0.00 0.71 0 99 2.83 141 0 33 0.71 0 71 0 94 0.71 0 00 0 66 0 00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.71 0 53 1 41 0 00 0 33 0.00 1.41 1.09 0.71 2.12 0.62 0.71 0.71
F 0.07
1219
8 143
2.695
0 833
0.367
1.564
11462
7.514
0
0 634
0.515
1.541
2.845
2.414
0 634
3 055
3 522
1.741
0.032 Sig.
0.933
0.319
0.003
0.095
0.451
0.698
0.236
0.001
0.004
1.000
0 542
0 606
0 241
0.084
0.118
0.542
0.072
0.051
0.204
0.969
DCPng ngoi khong yen Buon phien
Sau muon Hung phan
Cokha nang cam giac De b| kich dpng
M#t moi khong chiu
Vo d^ng Tich cue tap luy$n Cam giac khong chac Chan Hal long
De phat dien
Bat lye Tran day sinh lye TCP hac
1.41 2.83 0.94 0.00 0.71 0.90 0.00 0.71 0.71 0.00 0.71 0.77 0.00 1.41 0.33 2.12 0.71 1.18 2.83 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.71 1.24 1.41 1.41 0.66 0.71 0 71 0.47 141 0.00 0.51 0.00 2.12 0.70 0 71 0.71 0.99 2.12 141 1.01 1.41 2.83
Vo CO truyen Vl§t Nam co su'c song rat manh li$t, hien dang du'p'c phat trien ca trong nwvc va nhieu quoc gia tren the gio-i
- d bieu hien buon phien eua VDV nhdm tuoi tir 16<20 tuii CO gia tri trung binh la X ^ 1.18 ± 0.39; VDV nhom hi6i tir 20-25 tuii c6 gia tri trung binh la x - 1.50 ± 0.71; VDV nhom tudi tren 25 tudi co gia tri tnmg binh la x = 2.50 ± 2.12. Su khac biet co y nghia thdng ke d nguong xac suAt 95% do gia hi Sig. = 0.04K0.05. Trong do nhom tir 20-25 tudi c6 bieu hien thap nhat, nhdm tudi tir 16<20 mdi co bieu hien cao hon va nhdm tren 25 tudi cd bieu hien cao nhat nhat va bieu hien budn phien thudc thanh phan gian dii.
- O bieu hien sau mudn ciia VDV nhdm tudi tu 16<20 tuoi c6 gia tri tnmg binh la x" = 1.12 ± 0.49; VDV nhdm tudi tu 20-25 tudi cd gia tri trung binh la x - 2.00 ± 1.41; VDV fren 25 tudi CO gia tri trung binh lax ^2.50 ±0.71. Sukhac biet cd y nghia thdng ke d ngudng xac suat 95%) do gia tri Sig. = 0.008<0.O5. Trong do nhdm hidi tu 16<20 tudi CO bieu hien c6 bieu hien thap nhat, nhdm tir 20-25 tudi cao hon va nhdm tren 25 tudi ed bieu hien cao nhat va bieu hien sau mudn thudc thanh phan tram cam.
- 6 biiu hien Vo dung cua VDV nhdm tudi tu 16<20 tudi cd gia tri tnmg binh la IT = 1.12 ± 0.33; VDV nhom tudi tir 20-25 tudi cd gia tri trung binh la x ^ 2.50 ± 2.12; VDV nhdm tudi tren 25 mdi co gia tri tmng bmh la JC = 1.50 ± 0.71. Sir khac biet co y nghia thong ke d ngudng xac sukt 95%. do gia hi Sig. = 0.023<0.05. Trong dd nhdm tuoi tir 16<20 mdi cd biiu hien cd biiu hien thkp nhat, nhdm tren 25 tudi cao hon va
DS?Ti!ovSHUJ\lllUfYBilT1E1HM SU 5/2018
~"~"*^^ nhdm tir 20-25 tudi co bieu ,j~. '"- hien cao nhat va bieu hien
•Hif " " " ^ vd dung thudc thanh phan tram cam.
Ngoai 6 bieu hien phan tich tren day con lai cac bieu hien khac ciia trang thai tam ly trudc van dpng khdng cd su khac biet du dp tin cay thdng ke can thiet.
KET LUAN
Ket qua nghien cuu phan tich cho thay, giiia 3 nhdm tudi cd cac bieu hien nan chi; tinh than ban loan; cau gat; budn phien; sau mudn;
vd dung thudc cac thanh phan met mdi; cang thang; gian dii, tram cdm cd su khac biet co y nghia thdng ke d ngudng xac suat 95%. Co den 34/40 bieu hien khdng cd su khac biet d ngudng xae suSt 95%. Tir do cd the ket luan rang trang thai tam ly trudc khi thi dau giiia 3 nhdm tudi ciia VDV dpi tuyen Vo co truyen Ddng Nai cd sir tuong ddng cao.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAU
1. Nguyin Toan (2002), Cam nang tu vdn Tdm ly thi thao, Nxb TDTTT, Ha Npi.
2. Trudng DH TDTT I (1999), Tdm ly hpc trong the thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
3. Pham Ngpc Viin, Le Van Xem, Mai Van Mudn, Nguyen Thanh Nii (1991), 7am ly hpc Thi due thi thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
4. McNAlR et al (1971), Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA:
Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
5. TERRY, R (n.d.) Normative Values for the Profile of Mood State for Use with Athletic Sample.
(Bai nop ngay 31/8/2018, Phan bien ngay 21/9/2018, duyet in ngay 25/10/2018 Chju trach nhiem chinh: Le Thj My Hanh Email: [email protected])
