TAP OHI KHOA HOC - SO 3/201B
MOT SO BIEN PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY vA HOC HOC PHAN H A NO! HOC 6 TRUdNG DAI HOC IHU DO HA NQI
Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa' Tru&ng Dai hoc Thit dd Hd Ngi
Tom tdt: Dd tic lau, gidng day kien thirc ve Ha Ngi tr& thdnh ngi dung bdt buoc & mgt so tru&ng Trung hoc ca so, Trung hgc phg thong tren dia bdn Hd Ngi, dgc biel trong chuang trinh ddo tgo nganh Vi^t Nam hgc & mgt so tnc&ng Dgi hgc trong mc&c da xdy dirng lhanh hoc phdn "Hd Ngi hgc" v&i 2 tin chi (30 tiet). Bdng sa tru&ng vd kinh nghiim gidng dgy. moi gido vien da sir diuig linh hoal cdc phuong phdp, phirang lien dgy hgc, cdc thao idc, hinh thirc to chirc dgy hgc trong moi noi dung phii bop v&i limg doi tugng Hip nhdn. Cdc phuong phap, hinh thirc to chirc dgy hoc cluing toi chia se du&i ddy se Id nhimg gai y giup cho nhirng gid hoc tren lap hay ngodi thuc dia ciia mon Hd Ngi hgc tr& nen li thii vd bo ich.
Tirkhod: Hd Ngi hoc. Viet Nam hgc, phirang phdp dgy, phuang phdp hgc.
1. DAT
VAN DEHd Ngi hoc la mon hgc cung cap nhirng kien thiic ca ban ve kliu vuc Ha Npi: dja li, lich sii, kinh te, van hoa tir truyen thdng den duang dai, tren ca sd nhan thirc loan dien ve manh dat Thii dd, ngudi hpc van dung vao nhirng cdng vice cu the de xay dung, phat tnen viing dat ngan nam van hien tren mpi binh dien trong thdi dai hpi nhap toan cau. Tai lieu phuc vu cho mdn hpc hien nay klia phong phii, tuy nhien cac cdng trinh mdi chi tap tning viet ve nhirng van de dan le cua Ha Npi nhu: "//a Ngi nghin xua" ciia Tran Qudc Vugng va Vu Tuan San (1975), "D/ lich vd vdn vdt viing ven Thdng Long" ciia Do Thinh (1995),
"Chiia Hd Ngi' ciia Nguyen The Long, Pham Mai Hiing (1997), "P/;d phuang Hd Noi xua" cua Hoang Dao Thiiy (2000), '"Hd Ngi - con du&ng dong song vd lich sic" ciia Nguyen Vinh Phiic (2004), "Tien sT Nho hgc Thdng Long - Hd Noi" ciia Bin Xuan Dinh (2005), "Hoi lang Hd Noi" ciia Le Trung Vu (2006), "Thuong nhomic&i hai" ciia Vu Bang (2008), "Cdc Thdnh hoang vd lin nguong Thdng Long - Hd Noi" cim Nguyen Vinh Phiic (2009)...
' Nlian bai ngay 25. 03^.2016, giii phan bien va duy?t dang ngay 28 04.2016.
Lien he lac gia: Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa; Email [email protected] vn
100 II TRLfdNB BAI HOC T H C J B D HA HOI
Nam 2010, PGS.TS. Nguyin Thj Bich Ha, trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi da xuat ban cudn "//a A^p; - con ngu&i, lich sic vd vdn hod", dii chi vdi 150 trang nhung cuon sach da he thdng hoa nhirng kiln thue ca ban tir dae diem sinh thai, Ijch sii Ha Ndi qua cac thdi ki, d§n cac khia canh \i van hod nhu di tich, ki8n tnic, am thuc, phong tuc tap qudn, danh nhan va mpt s6 vin di cua Ha Npi ducmg dai. Cudn sach da trd thdnh cam nang cho ngudi day va ngudi hgc khi tiSp can mdn hgc nay (dac biet ddi vdi giang vien va sinh vien trudng Dai hpc Thu do Ha Npi). Tir nam 2014 d^n 2016, nhom tac gid cua trucmg Dai hpc Thii do Ha Npi dang thuc hien de tai cip Thanh phd "Nghien ciru xdy dung chuong trinh ddo tao, bdi duong Hd Noi hoc & tru&ng Cao ddng Supham Hd Noi (nay Id tnr&ng Dgi hgc Thu do Hd Noi)" do PGS.TS. Pham Qudc Sir chu bien. Hi vpng sau klii duac nghiem thu, cdng trinh se trd thanh cuon tai lieu ddy dii, he thdng vl cae khia canh eiia Ha Npi, phuc vu nhu cdu giang day va hpc tap cua giang vien, hpc sinh, sinh vien, nhirng ngudi cd mdi quan tam sau sac ve mdn hpc nay.
Vdi dac thii cua mpt ca sd dao tao dupe ra ddi tren dat Kinh ki, Ke Chp, gan 20 nam qua trong chuang trinh dao tao ciia trudng Dai hpc Thii dd Ha Npi (tien than la trudng Cao dang Su pham Ha Noi) da dua Ha Ngi hpc trd lhanh mdn hpc bat bupc 2 tin chi danh cho sinh vicn he Cao dang (du kien danli 3 tin chi cho nganh Viet Nam hoc he Dai hgc chinh quy) d hau het cac ma nganh irong toan trudng. Mdn hpc dupe chia lam 8 bai bao gdm hon 30 npi dung cu the, doi hdi giang vien can trang bi khdi lupng kien thirc toan dien, dae biet phai sir dung nhieu phuong phap day hpc nham tang tinh hap dan cho ca thay va tro trong qua trinh Ien Idp.
Vdi chiing toi, nliung ngudi da nliieu nam dam nhiem hpc phan nay, doi tugng giang day chinli la sinli vien nganli Viet Nam hpc (bp mdn khoa hpc nghien cuu ve dat nude va con ngudi Viet Nam) vdi hai hudng dau ra: lam cdng tac van hoa hoac lam trong nganh du lich. 80% smh vien nganh Vict Nam hpc d trudng Dai hpc Thii do Ha Ngi diu la ngudi Ha Ndi (bao gdm ca Ha Npi gdc va md rong), phan Idn sinh vien sau khi ra trudng deu lam vice tai Thii do, vi vay mue ticu ciia chiing toi khdng chi eung cdp nhiing kiin thirc nen tang con tap trung rcn Iuycn nhu'ng kT nang cdn th\ii nhim phuc vu dac thii cong vice.
2. CAU TRUC MON HA NQI HOC CUA MOT SO TRlT^NG HQC 2.1. Day kien thiic ve Ha Noi trong cac trudng Trung hoc ca sd tren dia ban Ha Npi
Nhan that dupe tam quan trong ciia vice giao due cac kien thuc vc Thu do ll;i Npi, song song vdi vice bicn soan cudn tai lieu vi "Dia li Hd Ngi", ngay tir nam 2001, so Giao
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 3 / 2 0 1 6 101 due va ddo tao Ha Ndi da td chuc bien soan bd tdi li?u ''Lich sii- dia phucmg Hd Ngi" dua vao giang day trong chuang trinh cac cdp tir THCS den THPT (hang nam deu co chinh li, bd simg). Dac biet, bp tai h$u \i gido due nip sdng van minh, thanh lich ciia ngudi Ha Ndi da cung cdp nhung net van hod dac trung cua mdnh dat nghin nam tuoi cho cac the he tre hom nay. Chiing tdi su dung k6t qud khdo sat ve npi dung d?y vd hpc kien thurc ve Hd Npi Clia tdc gid Trdn Vdn Anh vdi bdi viet "Thicc trgng dgy hgc noi dung kien thirc ve Hd Noi trong cdc truong Trung hoc ca s& a Hd Noi" trong hpi thao khoa hpc "Hd Ngi hoc trong chuang trinh ddo tgo cua trudng Dgi hoc Thu do Hd Noi" ciia khoa Klioa hpc Xa hpi. Tae gia da lira chpn 6 trudng Trung hpc ca sd nam d cdc quan ndi thanh va huyen ngoai thdnh tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi nhu: THCS Nguyen Cdng Tni (quan Ba Dinh), THCS Le Lpi (Hodn Kilm), THCS Thj trdn Sdc San (huy$n Soc Son), THCS Van Phiic (Ha Ddng), THCS Tiln Phong (Me Linh), THCS Vdn Dinh (Ung Hoa). Ket qua dieu tra thuc te cho thdy ed 8 npi dung chinh ve Ha Npi dupe dua vao giang day trong cac trudng THCS neu tren gdm: Lich sii Ha Npi (80%); di tich lich sii vdn hoa tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi (65%); thien nhidn, canh dep cua Ha Npi (70%); danh nhdn Ha Npi va sy vdn minh, thanh Ijch ciia ngudi Hd Npi (100%); nhiing chien cdng chdng giac ngoai xam eiia ngudi Ha Npi (72,5%); cac gia tri van hoa cua Ha Npi: hpi hoa, ki§n tnic, dm nhac, am thuc, nghi cd truySn... (80%); su phdt trien kinh te, van hod va nhiing vdn dS hien nay ciia Hd Npi (50%); gin giit va phdt huy gia tri cua hd Npi trong thdi dai mdi (65%).
Nhirng con sd thong ke tren dd cho thay, nOi dung kien thiic ve Ha Npi hpc dupe gidng day khd phong phii nhimg tdp trung chu yeu vdo rapt sd khia canh kien thiic ndi bat nhu:
Ijch sii Hd Ndi, cdc gia tri van hoa nhu bdi hoa, kien tnic, am nhac, dm thyc, ngh6 c6 truyen... Song, npi dung dupe giang day d hau het cac trudng THCS la danh nhdn Hd Npi, sy van minh, thanh Ijch ciia ngudi Ha Npi (dupe sir dung trong Ijch sii, vdn hpc, cd tiet ndi khod cung nhu ngoai khod). Ben canh do, rapt sd npi dung it dupe de cap den nhu: di tich Ijch sir van hod tieu bieu ciia Ha Npi, thien nhien, canh dep cua Ha Ndi, ddc biet raOt so van de eua Hd Npi ducmg deii chua dupe de cap den: do thi Ha Npi, nhiing vdn de ve phdt trien kinh tS, vdn hod, mdi trudng, loi sdng cua Ha Npi trong bdi cdnh dd thj hod va todn cau hoa.
2,2. Tinh hinh giang dgy hoc ph^n H^ N6i hoc d mot so trirdng Dai hoc hi^n nay
Hipn nay, hpc phan "Hd Ngi hoc" da dupe dua vao giang day trong chuang trinh dao tao cua nganh Viet Nam hpc d rapt sd trudng Dai hpc nhu: Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi 2, Dai hpc Hiing Vuong (Phii Thp), Dai hpc Ha Npi, Dai hpc Thu do
102 II TRUCiNB BAI HOC THLI BO HA HDI
Ha Npi... Do djnh hudng ve chuan dau ra cua nganh Viet Nam hpc trong cdc trudng Dai hpc, sinh vien ra trudng se lam ve nganh van hod hoac du Ijch, do dd, hpc phdn Ha Ndi hpc dupe xep trong khdi kiln thirc chuyen nganh danh cho sinh vien nam thu ba vdi 2 tin ehi (30 tilt). Dilm chung trong ngi dung giang day ciia mdn hpc d cdc trudng deu de cap den cac vdn d l ca ban cua kliu vuc Ha Ngi: dac diem sinh thai - tu nhien, Ijch sit Ha Ndi qua cac thdi ki, Ha Ndi - trung tam kinh t l - chinh trj. Dac biet cac giang vien deu danh nhieu thdi lupng (50% sd tilt) gidi thieu, phan tieh ve dac tnmg trong van boa Hd Npi: phong tuc tap quan, kiln tnic, phd nghi, lang nghe, danh nhdn, di tich, danh thang... Tuy nhien, tuy theo thi manh vd kinh nghiem eiia mdi giang vien ma su phan bd gid li thuyet, gid bai tap, thao luan nhom hay gid trai nghiem thuc te trong mon hpc cd sy kliac nhau d mdi ca sd dao tao. Hdu hit cae giang vien dam nhiem hpc phdn nay deu ed chung mue tieu la cung cSp nhirng kiln thirc ca ban ve Ha Npi va kT nang can thiet de sinh vien co the van dung klii lam cdng tac nghien cuu van hoa hay lam hudng dan vien du lieh ngay tai Ha Ndi sau klii tdt nghiep.
2.3. M o t so goi y ve sii- dung cac phuoTig phap day vdi hoc p h a n Ha Npi hoc d trirdng Dai hoc Thii do Ha Noi
Trong qua trinh day hpc, moi giang vien da ap dung nhieu phuang phap, phdi hop mpt so hinh Ihiic td chirc day hpc khac nhau de dat duoc miic tieu ciia tirng npi dung cu the.
Nhu da ndi d tren, vi tai lieu tham khao phuc vu mon hpc rat phong phit nen phuang phap thuyet trinh, phucmg phap dam thoai dupe ap dung xuyen suot tu bai sd I den bai sd 8. Vdi bai 1: Nghien ciru Hd Noi trong nghien cu-u khu vuc hoc, tren ca sd sinh vien ty dgc tai lieu d nha, giang vien phat van tai Idp mot sd van de ca ban ve kliu vyc hpc gdm: khai ni?m, ddi tupng nghien ciru, ITnh virc va phuang phap tiep can; tai sao noi nghien ciiu Ha Ngi la mgt bg phan ciia nghien cim khu vyc hpc, doi tucmg nghien cuu ciia Ha Npi hgc la gi?...
Sau khi giai dap nhirng thac mac ve npi ham cac van d l , gidng vien he thdng kiln thiic co ban ciia bai hpc bang sa do tu duy giiip sinh vien ghi nhd.
Phucmg phap lam vice nhom duoc su dung d bai 2: Dia li - lich sir Hd Ngi va bai 5:
Hd Ngi - lich sic chong giac ngogi xdm tren ca sd long hop cac tu lieu, ngudi day yeu ciu cac nhom trinh bay trudc lap bang thdng ke nien bilu tren gidy Ao vdi 5 npi dung tuong Li'ng 5 cot (cot 1: thdi gian, cot 2: hoan canh lich su ddt nude, cot 3. ten cupc khdi nghTa dicn ra tai Ha Npi, col 4: ten cae thii ITnh trong mdi cupc khdi nghTa, cot 5 ten gpi Ha Npi d moi giai doan, cot 6: ten kinh dd ciia dat nude). Qua dd, sinh vien hicu dupe y nghTa 13 ten ggi qua cac thdi ki va vai tro nhirng ngudi diing diu Ha Ngi trong lich su, thdy dupe vj the CLia Thu dd trong he thing chinh tn Vict Nam.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 3/ZDlB
103
Phuang phap sii dung dd dimg tryc quan (bao gdm ban do dat dai va ban dd sdng ngoi cua Ha Npi xua va nay) dupe sit dung khi ngudi day mudn lam ndi bat net dac trung ve diiu kien ty nhien (vi tri dia li, ddt dai, sdng ngoi, khi hdu) ciia Ha Ngi. Tir nhiing minh chiing do ngudi hgc chi ra nliirng anh hudng ciia dieu kien ty nhien den viee phat trien kinh tl, chinh tri, van hod ciia vimg dat nay. De phuc vu bdi 7: Danh nhdn Hd Ngi, trudc hit ngudi day su dung sa dd tu duy de he thdng nhom cac danh nhan la ngudi Ha Npi theo timg npi dung (anh hiing chdng giac ngoai xam (quan su); nha kinh te gidi (kinh te); cac nlia van hod, van hpc tieu bieu (van hpc, nghe thuat), nha khoa hpc va klioa bang tai danh ngudi (khoa bang), nhirng ngudi diing ddu Ha Npi xua va nay (chinh tri). C) mdi ndi dung nay, giang vien suu tara tranh anh va nhirng thudc phim minh hoa ve con ngudi va nhiing dong gdp cua danh nhan doi vdi Ha Npi trong tirng ITnh vyc. Tren co sd do, sinh vien sang tao ra nliirng cudn sd tay suu tdm nhung cau chuyen hoac giai thoai ve cac danh nhan phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien ciiu van hod hoac hudng dan du lich.
Cac npi dung de cap trong phan mdn deu dien ra tai que huong ciia ngudi hpc vi the giang vien khong the khong sir dung phuang phap trai nghiem sang tao trong qua trinh tmyen thu, dac biet klii ndi ve cac net van hoa cua ngudi Ha Npi d bai sd 3. Chang ban, khi tim hieu ve kien tnic cac di tich hch sii, van hoa d Ha Npi, ngirdi day lya chon nhung di tich tieu bieu cho mdi loai hinh kien tnic de dua sinh vicn den thuc dia: chiia Tran Quoc tim hieu ve lich su va kien iriic chiia, thap, hoang thang Thang Long (kien tnic hoang thanh, tir cam lhanh xua), nha cd 87 Ma May (kien tnic nha d). Sau nhirng budi dien da, sinh vien se khai quat dupe dac diem kien inic ciia tung loai hinh di tich va minh hoa cho nhirng luan diem bang he thdng birc anh da thu thap tren thyc te.
Ciing trong bai so 3, khi hpc ve van hoa ara thyc ciia ngirdi Ha Ngi, giang vien su dung phuang phap lap du an va trinh dien san pham theo hai clui de (thyc hien mpt cudn sd tay du Ijch am thyc hay thiet ke mpt chuang trinh du Ijch city tour gan vdi viec quang ba dae san ciia Thii dd). Cac nhom se lya chgn mot trong hai chii de tren, tien hanh thong ke, tuyen chgn ten mdn an, ghi ro thong tin vc dja chi ban, thdi diem an, each thudng thirc, mieu ta ve huang vj va hinh anli minh hoa cho moi mon an). Phuang phap nay khdng nhirng gnip sinh vicn dupe "muc sd thi" ma con tich liiy dupe nhung kien thirc va 1<T nang ca ban khi gidi thieu vc van hoa am thuc dit Ha thanh cho du khach, dac biet phat huy klia nang sang tao san pham nhdm img dung vdi dac thii nglil nghiep.
Phuang phap lam viee theo tinh huong nham ren luyen kT nang phdng van, lap bang hoi, thao tae quay phim, chup anh, ghi am... dupe khai thac trong npi dung hgc v l lang nghi, phd nghe Thang Long - Ha Ndi. 0 ndi dung nay, giang vien giao cho mdi sinh vicn tim hieu v l hch sir rapt phd nghi xua va li giai vl sy biln ddi ciia phd nghi do hien nay.
Cac ca nhan se lap kc hoach chi tict d l thuc hien bai tap ciia rainh: lya chgn dilm mgt con phd va mgt gia dinh tieu bieu da hoac dang lam nghi, lien he nhan vat, xac dinh ngi dung
104 I T R U d N G e A I HOC THLI BO HA HOJ
va thuc hien phong van nhan vat, siru tap tu lieu anh xua va nay vi ph6 nghi, sir dung phan mem moviemaker de dung thanh thudc phim giai thieu vi qua trinh hinh thanh va bien doi nghe thii cong truyen thong tren pho co Ha Npi hien nay. Cac thuffc phim nay se dugc giang vien chpn Ipc de thap luan tren lop (mpt vai san phSm t6t va san pham chua tot) de tap the cung danh gia uu va nhupc diem, chi ra each chinh sira giup san pham duoc hpan thien hem va lam klio tu lieu cho cac Idioa sau, dong thdi lay diem cho bai kiem tra giiia ki,
Phuang phap ddng vai va ung dung cong nghe thong tin tiep tuc duac sit dung vao bai 6: Hd Noi - di tich vd danh thdng. Moi nhom sinh vien lua chpn mpt di tich (Van Mieu - Quoc Tir Giam, dinh Kim Lien, den Quan Thanh, chiia Tran Quoc, phu Tay ho, nha tha Ldn, nha hat Ldn, ...) hoac mpt danli thang (ho Tay, ho Guam, ho Thien Quang, cdng vien Bach Thao, cong vien Lenin...). Mpt sinh vien dong vai la hudng dan vien du lich (so sinh vien cdn lai ngudi dong vai quay phim, viet va dpc ldi binh, dung phim) thyc hien thudc phim dai khoang 15 phut, gidi thieu ve di tich (hoac danh thang) theo cau tnic ca ban ciia bai thuySt minh nham lot ta nhung gia tri cua di tich (danh thSng), neu bat hien trang bao tdn va each thuc khai thac de hiit khach du lich d^n tham quan.
Phuang phap giai quyet van de dugc ap dung cho bai 8: Nhung vdn di cita Hd Noi duang dai. Giang vien se dua ra mgt sd ndi dung nhu: danh gia vS hien trang vSn di moi trudng (mpi trudng nude, dit, klidng khi, am thanh) ciia Ha Ndi hien nay; tiSm nang va loi the cua Ha Ngi ii phat triln kinli ti-. nhiing han chS va giai phap nhjm khjc phuc it diy manh nganh du Ijch ciia Ha Npi; hanh dpng cu thi ciia tudi tre trong viec gin giu net thanh lich ciia ngudi Trang An... Mdi sinh vien se lya chgn mdt vjn dl va trinh bay quan dilm trong 5 phut, nhiing sinh vien cdn lai ISn lugt phan bien va dua ra y kiln ddng y hay bac bo y kien ciia ban. Giang vien la ngudi phan tich va dua ra nhirng kit luan cudi cimg dl thoa man nhirng thac mjc ciia sinh vien va giiip ngudi hgc thSy dugc vai trd cua minh trong viec gin giu nhirng net van minh thanh hch cua ngudi Trang An trong qua trinh hdi nhap toan cau.
3. KET LUAN
Ndi nhu cac nha phuang phap hoc, mdt gid hgc tdt la gid hgc phat huy dugc tinh tich cue, tu giac, chil dpng, sang tao ciia ca ngudi day va ngudi hpc nham nang cap tri thirc, bli dirdng nang luc hgp tac, nang lire van dung tri thirc vao thuc tiln, bdi dudng phuang phap tu hoc, tac dgng tich cue den tu tudng, tinh cam, mang lai hirng tlni cho ngudi hgc. Do vay, khi day mdt mdn klioa hpc xa hgi, giang vicn klidng tuyet ddi su dung nhirng phuong phap d^y hgc truyin thing (thuylt minh, dam thoai, luyen tap) dc gay nham chan, hay tuyet ddi hoa phuong phap day hoc hien dai, sa da vao nhirng minh hoa cu thi, lam giam lupng thdng tin cung cap cho ngudi hgc. Ngirdi day can kit hpp, sir dung linh hoat cac
T A P C H f K H O A H O C - S O 3 / Z D 1 B || 105
phuang phdp, phuang tien day hpc, eac thao tac va hinh thiic td chiic day hpc phii hop vdi mpt npi dung, vira phat huy sd trudng cua mdi sinh vien vira khai thac khd nang hgp tac, lara viee nhdm qua timg bdi hpc. Nhirng phuang phap day hpc chiing tdi neu tren cd the chi la nhirng gpi y khi day hpc phdn Ha Ndi hpc bdi moi giang vien cd rapt sd tnrdng, mdi ddi tupng sinh vien cdn dupe van dung phucmg phap phii hop vdi kha nang nhan thiic va chuan ddu ra. Song, nhiem vu cua ngudi gidng vien dai hpc khdng chi la trang bi kien thiic nin tang md cdn phdi ren luyen cho sinh vien nhirng kT nang can thiet de dp dung cho dac thii cdng viee sau khi ra trudng. De Hd Ngi hgc trd thanh mdn hpc li thii, bd ich, thiet thye vdi sinh vien, ngudi day can co su say me tira toi trong klioa hpe, chudn bj cdng phu trong moi bai day, song quan trpng han la niem nhiet huyet vdi nghe de trao truyen cho cac the he hpc tro ciia mdi giang vien./.
TAI LleU THAM KHaO 1 Vii Bang (2008), Tlnrong nhd imrai hat. Nxb Van hgc.
2 Tran Van Binh (2004), Vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd Noi: Hoi lu vd lod sdng, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia.
3, Bin Xuan Dinh (2005), Tien si nho hoc Tlidng Long - Hd Ndi, Nxb Thanh Nien
t. Dai hpc Quic gia Ha Npi - Trung tam KHXH va NVQG (2001), Viet Nam hoc (Ki ylu Hpi ihao Quoc le lan thir nhat, ngay 15-17 thang 7 nam 1998), Tap 1, Nxb The gidi.
5. Nguyin Thi Bich Ha (2010), Hd Noi - con ngirai, hch sic, van hod, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham.
6. Pham Dinh Ho, Nguyen An (2000), Tang thuang ngdn luc, Nxb Van hoa Thong tin Ha Npi.
7 Hoang Dao Thuy (2000), Phophir&ng Hd Noi xua, Nxb Van hoa Thong tm Ha Noi.
S, Trail Quoc Vupng, Vii Tuan San (1975), Hd Ngi nghin .xua. So Van hod Thong tin Ha Noi.
SOME SOLUTIONS ENHANCING EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING HANOI STUDIES LN HANOI
METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
Abstract: By far. teaching knowledge of Hanoi became a compuhoiy subject in some secondary schools and high schools In Hanoi Especially, il is built the subject "Hanoi studies " with 2 credits in Vietnamese studies curncular of some universilies. Byjoi le and experience, each lecturer used many teaching methods, facilities, skills, management of teaching form flexibly with suitable content for suitable students The following methods and teaching management shown below will be good suggestions for teaching Hanoi study infield trip.
Keywords: Vietnamese studies, Hanoi studies, teaching method, learning method.
