KHOA HOC CONG NGHfi
V^OAC DIEIVI IXIOIXIG SIIXIH HOC CLIA CAC MAIJ GIOIXIG D U A CHUOT DAIXI D I A [Cucumis sativus L.) C U A DOIXIG D A O H'MOIXIG VUIXIG TAY DAC VIET IXIAIU
Pham Quang Thang^-^, T r ^ Thi Mmh Hang^
T6MTAT
Nghifin cuu duoc bfin hanb tai hai vung sinh thai khac nhau: vimg nguyen san (tai Son La) va vung dong b ^ g s6ng Hdng (tai Ha Noi) nham danh gia dac diem nong smh hoc cac miu gidng dua chuot ban dia ciia ddng bao H'Mong viing Tay Bdc Viet Nam. Tbi nghiem gom 42 m i n gidng, duoc thu tiiap tif cac dia phuong cua tinh Son La, Dien Bien, Lai Chiu. Thi nghiem duoc bd tri tiieo phuong phap danh gia nguon gien cua Vien Tai nguyen Di truyen Thuc vat Qudc te OPGRI, 2001). Cac chi tieu danh gia gdm: tiioi gian sinh truong, chi^u dai tiian chinh, so la trgn than chinh, sd nhanh cap 1, dSc di^m ra hoa, dac di^m qua, mtic do nhifim benh va kha nang cho nang suat cua cac mlu gidng dua chuot H'Mong. Ket qua nghiSn ciru cbo thay, cac m l u gidng co su da dang v^ cac dac dilm sinh tmong, phat triln. dac diem ra hoa, dac diem qua va kha nang cho nang suat. Dac tnmg co ban ciia cac m l u gidng dua chuot ban dia H'Mong la kha nang ra hoa due nhi^u (300-500 hoa), hoa cai it (10-20 hoa), qua co kich thuoc lon, kha nSng cho nang suat ca the cao xung quanh 3 kg/cay, o mat do 36.000 cay/ha va dac biet, gidng dtra chuat H'Mfing co viing thich iing sinh thai hep, can duy tri vung trdng gidng nay tai noi nguyen san, khong di thuc sang viing khac.
Ttr khda: Dua chudt H'Mdng, uac diem nong sinh hoc, Tay Bic ViSt Nam.
1. DAT VAN BE
T a y Bdc la m d t t r o n g nhiing vimg d a d a n g sinh h g c n o n g n g h i e p c u a Vifit N a m , n m sinh s d n g cua n h i e u loai h o a n g dai t h u g c h g b a u bi (Cucubltaceae), t r o n g dd cd cay d u a c h u d t (Cucumis sativus L ) . D u a c h u d t b a n dia c u a d d n g b a o H ' M d n g viing T a y B a c (sau day ggi la d u a c h u d t H'Mdng) cd nhieu dac tinh q u y n h u : qua cd kich t h u d c ldn, thit qua day, an tuoi r a t t h o m , n g g t m a t va gidn, k h a n a n g chiu bao quan cao, k h a n a n g c h d n g chiu vdi s a u b e n h h a i va dieu kifin b a t t h u a n c u a ngoai c a n h cao (Pham Q u a n g T h a n g , 2011). N g u o n gien d u a c h u o t b a n dia nay la m g t trong n h i i n g tai nguyfin di t m y e n cd gia tri k h o a h g c va ldnh t e ctia Viet N a m .
T h e o P h a m Q u a n g T h a n g (2011), gidng d u a c h u g t b a n dia dugc d d n g bao H ' M d n g c a n h t a c t h e o k m h n g h i e m truyfin tiidng, h a t g i d n g d u g c td tien t m y e n lai tii ddi n a y qua ddi k h a c , bifin phap canh tac thd s o va r a t it k h i dugc c h a m sdc. Vdi p h u o n g thtic
c a n h t a c c u a n g u d i dan n h u hifin nay, g i d n g d u a c h u d t b a n dia k h o n g chi hi g i a m n a n g suat, chat lugng, hieu q u a k i n h t e t h a p m a n g u d n di t r u y e n c u a loai giao p h a n nay s e n g a y radt thoai h o a va m a t ddn di t h e o thdi gian.
Ket q u a d a n h gia d a c diem n o n g sinh h g c c u a cac mdu gidng d u a c h u g t b a n dia n h d m p h a t hien c a c tinh t r a n g qui, d a c t r u n g c u a gidng d u a c h u g t H ' M o n g p h u c v u c h o p h a t trien s a n xuat va luu g i u n g u d n vat hfiu khdi dau cho c d n g tac c h g n tao g i d n g d u a c h u g t mdi.
Z. PHUDNG PHAP NGHIB!) CUU 2.1. vat lifiu nghifin ciiu
Gdm 42 mdu gidng dua chugt ban dia cua ddng bao H'Mdng dugc thu tiiap tii cac dia phuong vtmg Tay Bdc. Su dting gidng Chanh Nong lam ddi chiing tai Ha Ndi, la gidng dang dugc trdng phd bien d viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng.
TT 1 2
Ki hifti mau SLI SL2
Bang 1. Danh sach cac mSu eidnff va dia diem thu thap Diadi^mthuthgp
Ban Sudi Dinh Suoi Hien A
Xa Sudi To Sudi Bau
Huyfn Phu Yto Phu Yen
Tmh Son La San La
DO cao (m) 899 L064
Tpa da 21"14'15"N 104'33'23"E 21'ir31"N 104'32'34"E ' Truang Dai hgc Tay Bac
• NCS, Hoc vien Nong nghi&p Vi^t Nam
^ Hpc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam
39
KHOA HOC CONG N O H t
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
S U SL4 SL6 SL7 SL8 SL9 SLll SLI 2 SL13 SL14 SL15 SL16 SL17 SLI 8 SL19 SL20 SL21 SL22 SL23 SL24 SL25 SL26 SL27 SL28 SL29 SL30 DBl DB2 DBS DB4 DBS DB6 DB7 DB8 DB9 DBIO DBll LCI LC2 LC3
Phieng Hinh NaMdn Bo Nhang Khau Khoang
Pa Dong Phu Chan CaKe BanKe
BaKe Co Ma Co Ma Ta Loong Ta Loong Co Ma Ta Phinh Ta Phinh PuHao Hudi Khe Hudi Khe Hudi Muoi Hudi Sai
Co Ma Noong Vai Hang Triing Hang Triing OngLy Ban Ldng Hudi Su 1 Tham My A
ChuaTaA TiiXa Hang Song
TrSn TiiXa DdDeHa2
PuMua Nam Pan I HangS6ng Duoi
Hdng Thu 2 Seo Leng Tua Sin Chai
NaBo Phieng Pin
VanHd Muong Lum
NaBd Long He Pa Long Phong I.ap Phong Lap Co Ma Co Ma Nong truimg Nong hitong Co Ma Tan Lap Tan Lap Muong Lan Mucmg Cai Muong Cai Muong Cai Muong Cai Co Ma Co Ma VanHd VanHd Chidng Khiia
Tda Tinh Tia Dinh XaDung Phi Nhir Phi Nhir Phi Nhir Phi Nhir Sinh Phinh Mudng Muon Mudng Toong Phi Nhir Hdng Thu PhinHd Lang Mo
Mai Son Mai Son Moc Chau Yen Chau Mai Son Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Moc Chau Mpc Chau Thuan Chau
Moc Chau M6c Chau Sdp Cop Song Ma S6ng Ma Sdng Ma SdngMa Thuan Chau Thuan Chau Mpc Chau Moc Chau Mdc Chau Tuan Giao Dign Bien Dong Dien Bi6n D6ng Didn Bien Dong Dien Bien Dong Dien Bita D6ng Dien Bien Dong Tiia Chiia Mudng Cha Mudng Nhe Dien Bien D6ng
SmHd SinHd SinHd
Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Son La Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Dien Bien Lai Chau Lai Chau Lai Chau
738 1.150 1089 826 783 1.065 912 889 889 1.380 1.380 977 977 1.380 1.047 1.047 854 1039 1.039 728 631 1.380
979 1.040 1.040 555 1.455 852 1.272 1.457 1.190 1.093 1.190 772 914 697 960 1.617
945 1480
21-11'17"N104-8'14"E 2r02'44"N104-5'53"E 20-46'54"N 104'44"E 21"01'38"N 104-26'43"E 21'12'59"N 104'10'12"E 21'25'06"N 103'28'52"E 21'18'29"N 103"33'45"E 2r29'03"N 103"36'25"E 21'29'03"N 103-36'25"E 21'22'04"N 103-30'13"E 21'22'04»N 103-30'13"E 20'54'46"N 104-40'21"E 20"54'46"N 104'40'21"E 21-22'04"N 103"30'13"E 20'57'32"N 104'35'06"E 20-57'32"N 104"35'06"E 20'45'02"N 10y43'33"E 20'52'44"N 103-45'55"E 20-52'44"N 103'45'55"E 20-54'36"N 103-45'31"E 20'54'8"N 103-44'21"E 21'22'4"N 103-30'13"E 21-18'55"N 103-33'39"E 20'48'3"N 104"46'15"E 20"48'2"N 104'46'15"E 20-52'6"N 104-29'33"E 21"33'59"N 103-31'27"E'
21"6'47"N 103"20'3"E 21'21'28"N 103-15'41"E 21-20'23"N 103-17'36»E 21'15'2"N 103-17'15"E 21-19'34"N 103"19'14"E 21"15'2"N 103'17'15"E 2r53'3"N 103-25'27"E 21"40'47"N 103- 2'21"E 22*9'42»N 102-37'35"E 2ri9'42"N 103-19'45"E 22-2n4"N 103"13'14"E 22-26'49"N 103'15'48"E 22'8'31"N 103-16'3"E
2.2. Phmmg phip nghita ciiu 1"*° ""^h nidi 6 thi nghiem la 10 m^ khoang each'Bd'tntMnghiem:Tbi nghiem duoc bd tri theo tr^ng 70 cm x 40 cm iing voi mat dd 36.000 cay/ha.
phuong phap danh gia ngudn gien cia Vidn Tai Thi nghiem duoc bd tri frong vu xuan he va d6ng
nguyen Di truyen Thuc vat Qudc td OPGRI, 2001). nam 2011, Theo doi cac chi tieu ndng sinh hpc theo
Cac miu gidng duoc bd tri tuan tu, khong nhac lai. phuong phap thang dung da dupc khuydn cap. Theo
ICHOA HOC CONG NGHE
d a i miic dd n h i d m b p n h p h a n frang b J n g e a c h c h o T h d i gian sinh t r u d n g la d a c diem di t r u y e n c u a didm t h e o h u o n g dan c i a T r u n g t a m Rau thd gidi gidng, s o n g lai p h u t h u d c r a t ldn vao didu kien n g o ? i (AVEDC) canh. Kdt q u a p h a n n h d m c a c mSu gidng d u a c h u d t
3. KET QUA NGHBI GUI H ' M a n g t h e o thdi gian sinh frudng d u p c ttinh b a y tai 3.1. H i d i gian q u a cdc giai d o ^ sinh t r u d n g , ^ •
p h a t tridn cilia c i c m a u g i d n g d u a c h u a t H ' M a n g
B a n g 2. P h i n n h d m c i c m i u g i d n g d u a c h u p t ffMdng t h e o thdd gian q u a c i c giai d o a n s i n h trudrng, p h i t tridn n S m 2 0 1 1
n
1
2
3 ChiUeu
Thcti giantu moc d^n
raiioa cai ddu (ngay) Thai giantu mpc d^n thu qua dau (ngay)
Thoi gian sinh
truong (ngay)
MlicdS bilu hi&n
34-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-88 49-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91 -102
68-80 81-90 91 -100 101 -110 111-117
Moc Chan - Son La Vu xuan he S6
mau giong 21 16 6
14 21 8
7 24 11
Tyle mau giong
(%)
48.84 37,21 13,95
32,56 48,84 18,60
2,33 16,28 55,81 25,58
Mlu gidng dien hinh
;L24. BB4, BB7
;L17, BBIO, LC2
; L 1 1 , S L 1 2 , S L 3 0
3B1, DB3, SU9 iL3,SL12,SL20
;L7, LCI, LC2
)C sL19,BB3,BB6 3B1, BBIO, LC3 JL2, SL3, SL13
Gia Lam Vuxuan he So
miu jidng
1 7 7 5 6 17 2 3 5 6 10 17 1 4 13 8 17
Tyle mau gidng
(«
2,33 16,28 16,28 11,63 13,95 39,53 4,65 6,98 11,63 13,95 23,26 39,53 2,33 9,30 30,23 18,60 39,53
Mlu gidng dien hinh
SL19 DC, SL28, SL29 SL25, SL30, DB9 SU, SL16, SL17 SL7, SL8, SLll 5L3,SL4,DB1 SL19, DC 3128, SL29, BBS feL9, SL13, SL20 3117, BBIO, LC2 feL2, SL12, DB9 3L3,SL4,BB1
>L19 pL20, SL28, SL29
)C, SL12, SL15 SL7,SL16,SL17 SU,SL4,BB1
Ha Ndi Vu ddng Sd
mau jidng 1 36 4
2 14 24
5 35 3
5 Tyle mlu giong
(X) 2,33
Mlu gid'ng dl^n hinh BC, 83,72 >120, BBl, BB4
9,30 >L15, S123, LCI
4,65 3B3, BBS 32,56 3C, BB2, DB4 55,81 iL9, BBIO, LC2
11,63 >L2, SL6, SLll 81,40 ;L8, SL9, SL13 6,98 SL7, SL15, SL24
11,63 5L2. SL6, SLll Kdt qua nghidn ciiu d bang 2 cho thdy, thdi gian
sinh trudng ciia cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong trdng trong di^u kidn hai viing sinh thai khdc nhau (Son La, Ha Npi) va giira iiai thdi vu khdc nhau tai Hd Ndi (Xuan h6 vd ddng) cd su khac nhau ro rdt. Trong vu xuan he, cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong trdng tai Ha Ndi cd thdi gian sinh truong dao ddng 80-110 ngdy, ngdn hon so vdi trdng tai Son La cd thdi gian sinh trudng dao ddng 91 - 117 ngdy; tuy nhien cac mdu gidng trdng tai Son La lai cd thdi gian tir moc den ra hoa cai ddu ciing nhu thdi gian tii moc ddn thu qua dau sdm va tap trung hon so vdi trdng tai Ha Ndi. Didu nay Id do dua chudt tiiuoc nhdm cay ua anh sdng ngay ngdn (Mai Thi Phuong Anh vd cs, 1996), trong dieu kidn vu xuan he a Mpc Chau, Son La cd sd gid' chidu sdng trong ngdy ngan hon sd gid chieu sdng trong ngay tai Gia Lam, Ha Ndi da lam cho tdc dd phat trien cua cay dira chudt nhanh hon,
ra hoa tao qud sdm hon.
Trong vu dong tai Gia Lam (Ha Npi), thdi gian tir mpc ddn ra hoa cdi dau ciia cac mdu gidng dua H'Mong kha tap trung, dao ddng trong khoang 41 - 50 ngay, gdm 36 mdu gidng, chiem 83,72%; thdi gian tir moc ddn thu qua ddu duoc phan thdnh 2 nhdm:
nhdm cd thdi gian tii moc den thu qua ddu dao dpng 49 - 60 ngdy gdm 14 mdu gidng, chiem 32,56% (dien hinh nhu: DB2, DB4), nhdm cd thdi gian tii moc den thu qua dau dao dong 61 - 70 ngdy gdm 24 mdu gidng, chidm 55,81% (dien hinh nhu: SL9, BBIO, LC2); thdi gian sinh trudng ciia cac mdu gidng tap trung a khoang 68 - 80 ngdy gdm 35 mau gidng, chiem 81,40%.
Neu so vdi vu xuan he thi thdi gian nay ngan hon, sd dl nhu vay la do dac thu ve thdi tiet khi hau cho cay dua chupt smh trudng, phdt trien trong vu ddng rat khac so vdi vu xuan he (Tran Khdc Thi,
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2015
41KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 NGHi
1985). Neu nhu trong vu xuSn he nhigt dd cd xu hudng tang ddn tu dau vu den cudi vu thi vu dong nhidt dp lai cd xu hudng gidm dan bi dau vu den cudi vu va nhu vay cd nghia Id dau vu dong nhiet dd cao cd loi cho su smh trudng, phdt trien cua cay dua chudt da ldm nit ngan thdi gian hi trdng den ra hoa cdi dau cQng nhu thdi gian thu qua ddu. Vu xuan he thdi gian dau vu nhiet do rat thap, cay smh trudng rat kem tham chi ngiing sinh hirdng da lam keo dai thai gian bi trdng den ra hoa cai dau cung nhu thdi gian thu qua ddu.
Dieu dac bidt, khi ddi chieu vdi ngudn gdc thu thap, cac mdu gidng cd ngudn gdc d vl dp cao (didn hinh nhir SL19, SL20) thudng cd thdi gian tii moc ddn ra hoa cai sdm, thdi gian tii mpc den thu
hon cac mdu gidng cd ngudn gdc d vl dp thap (dien hinh nhu: SL7, SL30). Ket qua nay dupc lap lai t ^ hai vung smh thai (Son La, Hd Ndi) frong ca 2 thdi vu (vu xuan he vd ddng) cho phep khdng dinh, cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mong la gidng dua chupt ban dia, duoc ddng bdo H'Mong trdng tren mii cao hi ngdn ddi nen da thich nghi vdi dieu ki^n nhidt dp mdt me, thdi gian chidu sdng trong ngay ngdn.
3.2. Chidu ddi than chinh, sd Id trdn Ihdn chinh vd sd nhdnh cdp 1 ciia cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng
Ket qua danh gia vd phan nhdm cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng theo chieu ddi than chinh, sd la tren than chinh va sd nhanh cap 1 duoc trinh bdy tai bang 3.
hoach qua ddu sdm va thdi gian sinh tnidng ngan
Bang 3. Phan nhdm cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng theo chidu ddi thdn chinh, s6 Id trdn than chinh vd sd nhdnh c ^ 1 nSm 2011
TT
1
2
3 Chi tieu
Chi^u dai than
chinh (cm)
Sola tren than chinb Oa) Sd nhanh cap 1 (nhanh)
Miic do bilu hidn
133 -150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351-400 401-450 451-476 2 3 - 3 5 3 6 - 4 5 4 6 - 5 5 5 6 - 6 5 6 6 - 7 5 7 6 - 8 2 1,0-5,0 5.1-10,0 10,1 -15,4
Mdc Chau-Son La Vuxuan he Sd
mlu gidng
1 18 18 4 2
4 25 13 1
1 33 9
Tyle gidng
(»
2,33 41,86 41,86 9,30 4,65
9,30 58,14 30,23 2,33
2.33 76,74 20,93
Mau gidng dien hinh
DBIO SL24,DB6,LCI SL30, DBl, SL22 SL18, BB2, LC2 DBl, DB7
DB9, LC3, DC SLll, BBl, LCI SL12, SL23, SL29 SLI
SL24 S120,SU3.SL29 SL7, SL12, SL15
Gia I-am - Ha Ndi Vu xuan he
Sd mlu gidng
1 12 24 3
3 12 19 8 1 3 13 27 3
Tyle gidng
(%)
2.33 27,91 55,81 6,98
6,98 27,91 44.19 18,60 2,33 6,98 30,23 62,79 6,98
Mau gidng dien hinh
SL24 SL11,SL26,DB5 SL9, SL12, LCI SL18, SL27, D B l l
SL3,SL4,SL6 SL13, BB9, LC3 SLll, SL26, DES SL17, SL20, SL23 SL18 S13. SM, SL6 SL20, SL21, SL24 SL15, SL17, DBl S U , SU, SL6
Vu ddng Sd mlu gidng
2 16 24 1
31 11 1
7 36
Tyle mau gidng
(%)
4,65 37,21 55,81 2,33
72,09 25,58 2,33
16,28 83,72
Mlu gidng diln liinh SL6, SI29 SL2, SL25, DB3 SL14,SL17,DB2 SL12
SL6, SL25, SL29 SL8, SL26, DC SL16
SL13, DB5, DB9 SL8, SLll, SL22
Chieu dai than chinh cua cac man gidng dua chuat H'Mong cd su khac biet ldn. Khi trdng tai Son La cd 18/43 miu gidng (chidm 41,86%) cd chieu dai than chinh dao dong ttong Idioang 301 - 350 cm, dien hinh nhu SL24, DB6, LCI; cd 18/43 miu gidng (chiem 41,86%) cd chieu dai than chinh dao dong ttong khoang 351 - 400 cm, dien hinh nhu SL30,
DB4, SL22; ttong khi dd tai Ha Noi, ttong vu xuan he, cd 12/43 miu gidng (chiem 27,91%) cd chidu dai than ciiinh dao dong ttong khoang 251 - 300 cm, difc hinh nhu SLll, SL26, DBS; cd 24/43 miu gidng (chiem 55,81%) cd chidu dai than chinh dao dang frong khoang 301 - 350 cm, didn hinh nhu SL9 SL12, LCI.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
Trdng trong vu ddng cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng cd chidu dai than chinh thdp hon vu xuan hd, cd 16/43 mdu gidng (chiem 37,21%) cd chidu ddi than chinh dao ddng trong khoang 151 - 200 cm, dien huih nhu SL2, SL25, DBS; cd 24/43 mdu gidng (chidm 55,81%) cd chidu dai than chinh dao dong trong khoang 201 - 250 cm, dien hinh nhu SL14, SL17, DB2; ca biet cd 2/43 mdu gidng (chidm 4,65) cd chieu ddi than dudi 150 cm la SL6, SL29.
Cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng cd sd la tren than chinh bien ddng ldn, 36 - 65 la trong vu xuan he vd 23 - 45 Id trong vu dong; rieng mau gidng SL28 cd sd la tren than chinh vupt trdi hon ca (82 la).
Sd nhanh cap 1 cua cac mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mong cd su khac bidt ldn. Cd the chia cac mdu gidng theo kha nang phan nhanh thanh 3 nhdm:
- Nhdm mau gidng phan nhdnh it (1 5 nhdnh/cay): gdm 7 mdu gidng (chidm 16,28%) trdng trong vu ddng tai Ha Ndi (dien hmh nhu SL13, DBS, DB9) vd mdu gidng SL 24 (4,9 nhdnh) trdng trong vu xuan he tai Son La.
Bdng 4. Phan nhdm cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng theo sd lugng hoa due, hoa cdi vd - Nhdm mdu gidng phan nhdnh bung bmh (5,1 - 10,0 nhanh/cay): cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng chu ydu thupc nhdm phan nhdnh hung bmh, cd 33/43 mdu gidng, chiem 76,74% (dien hinh nhu SL20, SL23, SL29) khi trdng tai Son La; cd 13/43 mlu gidng, chiem 30,23% (dien hinh nhu SL20, SL21, SL24) khi trdng b-ong vu xuan he tai Ha Npi va 36/43 mdu gidng, chiem 83,72% (dien hinh nhu SL8, SL14, SL22) khi trdng trong vu dong tai Ha Ndi.
- Nhdm mdu gidng phan nhdnh manh (10,1 -15,0 nhdnh/cay): cd 9/43 mdu gidng, chiem 20,93% (di^n hmh nhu SL7, SL12, SL15) khi trdng tai Son La; cd 27/43 mdu gidng, chiem 62,79% (dien hinh nhu SL15, SLI7, DBl) khi trdng trong vu xuan he tai Hd Ndi.
3.3. Dac didm ra hoa vd dau qua cua cdc mdu gidng dua H'Mdng viing Tay Bdc
Ket qua danh gia va phan nhdm cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng theo sd luong hoa due, hoa cai va sd qua/cay dupc trinh bay tai bang 4.
n
1
2
3 Chi tieu
Sd hoa due Oioa)
Sd hoa cai (hoa)
Sd qua/
cay
(qua)Mucdd bleu hien
100-200 201-300 301-400 401 - 500 501 - 600 601 - 647 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 1 - 5 6 - 1 0 1 1 - 1 5
sdq
Moc Chau - Son LaVu xuan h e Sd
mlu gidng
9 17 15 2
25 17 1 10 33
T y l e mlu gidng
(»)
20,93 39,53 34,88 4,65
58,14 39,53 2,33 23,26 76,74
Mlu gidng dien hinh
BB1,BB6,LC1 SL22,SL23,LC3 SL17, SL25, SL27 SL3,SL8
SLll, SL26. LCI SL19,SIiO,DB4 DB7 SU,SL8,SL24 SL13, SL17, SL20
uk/ci ynam2 111 Gia Lam Vu xuan he Sd
mlu gidng
14 15 5 3 2 1 3 21 5 1
16 25 1 17
Tyte
mau gidng 32,56(%)
34,88 11,63 6,98 4,65 2,33 6,98 48,84 11,63 2,33
37,21 58,14 2,33 39,53
Mlu gidng dien hinh DBS, BB4, LCI
SL17, SL20, SL28 S L l l , SL18, SL30 SLI, SL2, SL9 SL12, DC SL16 SL3,SU,SL6 SL3, SLll, SL30
SL9,SL28,SL29 BC
SL3, SL4, SL6 SLI, SL17, SL25
BC SL3, S U , SL6
Ha Ndi Vu ddng Sd
mlu gidng 1 8 15 14 3 2 30 10 1
2 36 1 1 5
T y l e m l u gidng
(%)
2,33 18,60 34,88 32,56 6,98 4,65 69,77 23,26 2,33
4,65 83,72 2,33 2,33 11,63
Mlu gidng dien hinh DBl SL13, DB6, LCI SLI, SL19, D B l DBS, DBIO, D B l l SL16, SL23, SL25 SL3, SL7 SL24, SL30, D B l l SL9, SL16, S U 9 DC
DBS, DBS SLIS, DB5, DB9 SL28 BC SL2, SL6, SLll
Kdt qua cho thay, phdn ldn cdc mdu gidng dua
chupt H'Mdng thudc dang don tmh ciing gdc
(Monoecious), mdt sd mdu gidng thd hifn dang dontinh due (Androecioui^ trong vu xuan he tai Gia Lam,
HdNdi.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi
Hdu hdt cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng cd dac diem ra hoa due tr^n than phu (cae nhdnh) nhidu hon trdn than chinh. Tdng sd hoa due tren cay eiia cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong cd su khdc nhau ro ret khi trdng trong cac dieu kidn khac nhau, dao ddng 100 - 647 hoa/cay. Trdng tai Son La, cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng cd kha nang ra nhidu hoa due hon khi trdng tai Hd Ndi.
So vdi sd hoa due tren eay thi sd lupng hoa cdi it hon rdt nhidu va hoa cdi tap tnmg nhieu trdn than phu. Trdng tai Ha Ndi, cae mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong cd rat it hoa eai, cd tdi 21/43 mdu gidng (chiem 48,84%) trong vu xuan he vd 30/43 mdu gidng (chidm 69,77%) trong vu ddng cd 1 - 5 hoa cai/cay.
Trong khi do, trdng tai Son La, cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng cd khd nang ra hoa cai manh, cd tdi 25/43 mdu gidng (chidm 58,14%) cd sd hoa cai dao ddng 11 -15 hoa cai/cay va 17/43 mdu giong (chiem 39,53%) cd sd hoa cdi dao dpng 16 - 20 hoa cdi/cay; cd biet mdu gidng DB7 cd khd nang cho sd hoa cai rat cao (23,7 hoa cai/cay). Dang luu y, khi trdng trong
gidng dua chupt H'Mdng khong cd kha nSng ra hoa cai (dien hinh nhu: SL21, SL22, SL23). Didu ndy khang dinh, su phan hoa gidi tinh cua dua chudt H'Mdng phu thudc rat ldn vao didu kien mdi trudng.
Sd qua/cay cua cac mdu gidng dua H'Mdng cd su khdc nhau r5 rdt khi trdng trong cac didu ki6n khde nhau. Trdng tai Hd Nfii, cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng cho sd qua rat thap; cd 25/43 mdu gidng, ehiem 58,14% (dien hmh nhu SLI, SL17, SI25) trong vu xuan he vd 36/43 mdu gidng, chiem 83,72%
(dien hinh nhu SL13, DB5, DB9) frong vu ddng cd 1 - 5 qua/cay. Trong khi dd, trdng tai Son La, cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng cho sd qua cao; cd tdi 33/43 mdu gidng, chidm 76,74% (SL13, SL17, SL20) cd sd qud tren cay dao dpng 6 -10 qua/cay vd chi ed 10/43 mdu gidng, ehiem 23,26% (SU, SL8, SL24) ed sd qua tren eay dao ddng 1 - 5 qua/cay.
3.4. D$c di^m qud dua chudt H'Mdng Ket qua danh gia vd phan nhdm cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng theo dae diem qua thuong phara dupc trinh bay tai cac bang 5 vd 6.
vu xuan hd tai Gia Lam, Hd Ndi cd tdi 13/43 mdu
g 5. Phan nhdm cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng theo dgc d i ^ cdu tnie qud ngm 2011
TT
1
2
3
4 Ch!
ueu
Chieu dli qua (cm) Dudn g k i n h qua (cm)
Do day thit qua (cm)
Sd
hat Miicdd
bieu hien
10-15 16-20 2 1 - 2 5 5,0 - 6,0 6,1 - 7,0 7,1 - 8,0 8,1-9,0 0,5-1,0 1,1-1,5 1,6-2,0 2,1-2,5 2,6-3,0 3 4 5
Mdc Chau - Son La Vu xuan he Sd
mlu gidng
10 30
3 18 16 6 3
4 27 11 1 6 21 16
T y l e mlu gidng
(*)
23,26 69,77 6,98 41,86 37,21 13,95 6,98
9,30 62,79 25,58 2,33 13,95 48,84 37,21
M l u gidng dien hinh SLll, BB2, DB6 SL16, D B l l , LC3 DB1,LCLLC2 SL13, SLll, DC SL9, DB7, LC3 DBS, DB9, LC2 BBl, D B l l , LCI
SLll, SL25, DB6 SL17, SL24, SL25 SL1,SL9,DB1 D B l l SL12,DB6,DC SL9, DB2, LCI SL1,DB1,LC2
G i a L 4 m - H a N d i Vu xuan he
Sd m l u gidng
10 15 1 17 2 4 19 1 17 1 4 17 4 17 4 10 12 17
T y l e mlu gidng
(*)
23,26 34,88 2,33 39,53 4,65 9,30 44.19 2,33 39,53 2,33 9,30 39,53 9,30 39,53 9,30 23,26 27,91 39,63
MSu gidng dien hinh SL12, SL17, SL18 SL9, SL16, SL25 LC2 SL3, SL4, SL6 SL25, DC SL12, SL14, DB7 SLI, SL2, SL8 LC2 SL3, SL4, SL6 BC SLll, SLll, SL17 SL2,SL16.SL17 SL1,SL9,SL30 SL3, SL4, SL6 SL12, BB7, DC SL9,SL13,LC3 SLI, DB8, LC2 SL3, S14, SU
Vu ddng Sd
m l u gidng
29 9 5 9 22 3 4 5 12 22 4 5 10 17 11 5
T y l e m l u gidng
(%)
67,44 20,93 11,63 20,93 ,51,16 6,98 9,30 11,63 27,91 51,16 9,30 11,63 23,26 39,53 25,58 11,63
•
M l u gidng dieu hinh
SL18,SL19,SL25 SL4, SL13, DC SL2,SL6,SL11 SL17, SL25, D B l SL9,DB1,DB7 SL27, LC2, LC3 DB8,DB9,LC1 S U , SL6, SLll SLL SL7, SL9 SM, SL15, LC2 DBl, DBS, LCI SL2, SL6, S L l l SL12, DB6, B C SL8. DB2, L r a SLI, D B l , LCI SL2, SL6, S L l l
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
Banir 6. P h i n nhom rein m i n mdng dua chuiit H'Mdng theo c h i t luonK qua nSm 2011
T T
1
2
3
4 CWU6U
Do Cling
(kgfi
BdBrix fBr)
Ham luyng duong tdng sd (mg/100 g) Ham lirong vitaminC (mg/100 g)
VIiTcdd bigu hign
5,7- 6,0 6,1 - 7,0 7,1 - 8,0 8,1 - 9,0 9,1-9,9 3,0 - 3,5 3,6-4,0 4,1 - 4,5 4,6-4,8 1,9-2,0 2,1-2,5 2,6 - 3,0 3,1-3,3
10,1- 15,0 15,1- 17,8
Mdc Chau - Son La Vu xuan he Sd
mlu ridng
18 11 12 2
20 18 5 7 23 13
32 11
T y l e mlu gidng
ta
41,86 25,58 27,91 4,65
46,51 41,86 11,63 16,28 53,49 30,23
74,42 25,58
M l u gidng dien liinh
;L12, SL13, SL27 5L2, S14, DB2 SLI, SL8, BB9 iL9, BB7
iL19, SL29, BB3 iL9, SL20, D B l l J L 1 3 , DB6, LC2 iL30. LC3, BC JL19, SL28, DB9 5L7 SL20, SL25
iL29, DE4, LC3
;L20, SL25, DB7
Gia Lam - Ha Ndi Vu xuan he
Sd m l u
^dng
7 7 10 2 17 2 19 4 1 17 5 11 8 2 17 18 8 17
Tyle m l u gidng
(»
16,28 16,28 23,26 4,65 39,53 4,65 44,19 9,30 2,33 39,53 11,63 25.58 18,60 4,65 39,53 41,86 18,60 39,53
Mlu gidng dien hinh
>L20, DB8, DC
; L 2 , SL16, SL29 iL8, SL28, LC2 5L9, DB7
; u , S U , SL6
; L 1 4 , DB7
; L 1 , SL18, DC iL9,DB10,LC2
;LI3 5L3,SL4,SL6
; L 1 4 , LC3, DC
; L 9 , SL16, BBIO
>L1, SL13, SL15
; L 2 0 , SL25
; L 3 , S U , SL6
>L13, SL17, SL30
; L 2 0 , SL25, SL28
>L3, S U , SL6
Vu ddng Sd
mau gidng
1 10 16 6 5 5 3 25 6 4 5 6 21 8 3 5 31 7 5
T y l e m l u gidng
(*)
2,33 23,26 37,21 13,95 11,63 11,63 6,98 58,14 13,95 9,30 11,63 13,95 48,84 18,60 6,98 11,63 72,09 16,28 11,63
Mlu gid'ng d i &
hinh
SL26 SL8, SL18, B B l l SL14, SL25, DB6 SLI, SL29, LC2 SL7, SL19, SL28 SL2, SL6, SLll SLll, SL29, DC SL12, SL16, DBl SL23, BB2, LCI SLI, SL17, B B l SL2, SL6, SLll SL12, SL29, SL30 pL7, SL15, BB2 SL9, DBl, BB6 pLl, SL20, SL25 SL2, SL6, SLll
iL13, SL18, DB7
;L20, SL25, SL28 5L2, SL6, SLll
Cae mdu gidng dua ehupt H'Mdng ed su khac
nhau ve dae diem eau tnie qua va chat lupng qua.
Phdn ldn cdc mdu gidng cd chieu ddi qua dao dpng 16 - 20 cm (trong vu xuan he), 10 -15 cm (trong vu ddng). 0 Son La, phan ldn cac mdu gidng (18/43 mdu gidng) cd dudng kinh 5,0 - 6,0 cm, dien hinh nhu SL13, SL14, DC. Trong khi do 6 Hd Npi, phan ldn mdu gidng (19/43 mdu gidng) cd dudng kinh 7,1 - 8,0 cm. Gidng ddi chiing ed kich thudc qua nhd hon bin cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong.
- Phan ldn cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng cd dp day thit qua 1,6 - 2,0 cm. Mdt sd mdu gidng (didn hinh SLI, SL9, DBl) cd thit qua ddy 2,1 - 2,5 em. Cd bidt, mdu gidng DBll cd do day thit qua 2,6 cm khi trdng tai Son La.
- Sd lupng ngan hat cua cac mdu gidng dao ddng 3 - 5 ngan. Mpt sd it mdu gidng cd 3 ngan hat nhu SL12, DB6, DC. Phdn ldn mdu gidng cd 4 ngan hat.
Sd mdu gidng cd 5 ngan hat cung khd nhieu (dien hinh SLI, DBl, LC2).
- Dp cung qua ciia cac mdu gidng dua H'Mdng dao dpng 5,7 - 9,9 kgf. Trdng d Son La, qua dua chupt H'Mdng cd dd ciing kem hon so vdi a Hd Ndi vdi phdn nhieu mdu gidng (18/43) cd do ciing trong khoang 6,1 - 7,0 kgf. O Ha Ndi, phdn nhieu mdu gidng ed dp ciing trong khoang 8,1 • 9,0 kgf trong vu xuan he va nhieu mdu gidng (16/43) cd dp eiing trong khoang 7,1 - 8,0 kgf trong vuddng.
- Dp brix eiing rat khac nhau giiia cac mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng. Phdn ldn cac mdu gidng cd dp brix 3,6 - 4,0. Cd 2 mdu gidng SL14 va DB7 cd dp brix thdp nhat dudi 3,5. Trong khi do cdc mdu gidng SL13, SL28 cd dp brix tren 4,5. Vi vay hai mdu gidng ndy cd chat lupng an tuoi rat ngon.
- Ham lupng dudng tdng sd cua cac mau gidng dua chupt H'Mdng dao ddng 1,9 - 3,3 mg/lOOg. Phdn ldn cdc mdu gidng ed ham luong dudng tdng sd 2,1 - 2,5 mg/lOOg. Cd 02 mdu gidng SL20, SL25 ed ham lupng dudng tong sd 3,1 - 3,3 mg/lOOg khi trdng tai tai Ha Ndi.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONGTHON - KY2 - THANG 1/2015 45
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
- Hdm lupng vitamin C cua cae mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng dao dpng 10,1 - 17,8 mg/lOOg.
Trong dd, phan ldn cac mdu gidng cd ham lupng vitamin C dao dong 10,1 -15 mg/lOOg, dien hinh nhu SL13, SL17, SL30.
3.5. Miic dp nhidm benh ddng rudng ciia cdc
mau gidng dua chuOt H'Mdng
Kdt qua danh gia va phan nhdm cac mdu gidng dua chuot H'Mdng theo miic dp nhidm benh phan trdng vd ty Id nhilm benh vi nit tren ddng rudng dupe trinh bay tai bdng 7.
TT
1
2
Bang 7. Phan n h 6 m c ^ m3u fd^nz d u a chuot ITMdn)? theo miic
Chi tieu
Benh phan trang (muc hai)
ri le cay li nhidm vinit
(%)
Miicdd Dii^u hien
Khdng Nhe Tning
binh Nang i ^ t n a n g
0 1-5 6-10 11-15
Mdc Chau - Son La Vu xuan he Sd
mlu gidng
43 1
18 21 3 1
T y l e mlu gidng
(*)
97,67 2,33
41,86 48,84 6,98 2,33
Mlu gidng dien hinh SL7, SL8, SL9 DC
)L7, SL8, SL9 JLIS, LS23, LCI JL24, LC2, LC3
; L 2 1
do n h i l m l 3 e n h d 6 n | radng n a m 2011 Gia Lim - Ha Ndi
Vu xuin h e Sd
m l u gidng
25 10 4 1
3 19 14 6 1 3
T y l e mlu gidng
(»)
58,14 23,26 9,30 2,33
6,98 44,19 32,56 13,95 2,33 6,98
Mlu gidng di*;n hinh SL8, SL9, SL12 SLI, SL2, SL7 DBl, LC2, LC3
LCI
SL3, S U , SL6 JL7, SL8, SL9
; L 1 5 , LS23, X I
>L24, LC2, LC3
; L 2 1
; L 3 , SL4, SL6
Vu ddng Sd m l u ridng
1 24 14 3 1
12 26 5
T y l e m l u gidng
(»
2,33 55.81 32,56 6,98 2,33
27,91 60,47 11,63
M l u gidng dien hinh SL30 SLI, SL2, SL7
iL9,DBl,DC DBl, LC2, .C3 X I
; L 8 , SL9, iL12 iL2, SL28, 3B6 5L21, SL24, X 3
Miie dp nhidm bdnh phan trdng rat khac nhau giita cdc mau gidng dua chudt H'Mdng khi trdng o hai viing smh thai cung nhu thdi vu khac nhau. Tai Son La, hdu hdt cae mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong ddu khdng hi nhidm bdnh phan trdng, chi cd gidng ddi chiing Chai Tai 578 bi nhidm d miic nhe. Tai Ha Npi, trong dieu kien vu dong, thdi tiet lanh va kho thuan lpi cho henh phan trang phat sinh manh nfin hau het cdc mdu gidng dua chupt H'Mdng ddu nhidm nhe (24 mdu gidng) den trung bmh (14 mdu gid'ng), tham chi cd 3 mdu gidng nhidm nang Id DB4, LC2, LC3. Trong khi do, trong vu xuan he, cdc mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng ehi bi nhidm nhe (10 mdu gidng) hoac khdng bi nhidm (25 mdu gidng). Rieng mdu gidng SL30 khdng bi nhidm ti-ong ca 2 thdi vu trdng tai Ha Ndi. Ket qua nay cd the do tac nhan gay benh (nam) dang tdn tai d nhidu ndi smh thdi khac nhau, va cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng mang cac gien khdng khac nhau. Nhan dinh nay ciing phii hop vdi kdt qua nghien cuu eua Tathoglu, T. (1993) khi chi
ra, benh phan trdng do nhieu gien lan don kiem tra (pm-1, pm-2, pra-3, pm-h). Do do, mdt gidng dua chudt cd the khang bdnh phan trdng khi trdng d vimg sinh thdi nay nhung lai hi nhilm benh phan trang khi trdng d vimg sinh thai khdc la do d mdi vung sinh thai khac nhau dang tdn tai cdc ndi gay benh khac nhau. Nhu vay, cac mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mong cd the mang cae gien khdng benh phan trang khdc nhau, day chmh la ngudn gien quy phuc vu cdng tdc chpn gidng dua ehupt khdng benh.
Ty le cay bi nhilm vi nit (benh khdm la dua
chupt - Cucumis mosaic virus - CMV) b cdc mau
gidng dua chudt H'Mdng chu yeu d miie nhe hoac
khdng bi nhilm. Mau gidng SL21 hi nhilm vi nit
nang hon ca khi trdng d ea 2 vimg sinh thdi h-ong 2
thdi vu vdi ty le cay hi nhilm 12,7 - 15%. Cd 18/43
mdu gidng dua chudt H'Mdng trdng tai Son La va
19/43 mdu gidng trdng tai Ha Ndi khdng hi vi nit gay
hai.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
3.6. Kha nang cho nang sudt cua cac mau g dua chupt H'Mdng
K e t q u a p h a n n h d m cdc mdu g i d n g d u a c h u d t H ' M o n g t h e o k h d n a n g eho n a n g suat d u p c t r i n h b a y tai b a n g 8.
T T
1
2
3
Bang 8. Phdn nh6m cac mSu Ri6n£ dua chudt ITMdng theo kha nSng cl
Chi tieu
Sd qua/
cay (qua)
Khdi luong TB qua
(gam)
Nang suat ca the (kg/cay)
Miicdd bilu hidn
1 - 5 6 - 1 0 1 1 - 1 5 200 - 300 301-400 401 - 500 501 - 600 601 - 700 0,1 • 1,0 1,1 - 2,0 2,1 - 3,0 3,1 - 4,0 4,1 - 4,2
Mdc Chau - Son La Vu xuan h e Sd
mlu ridng
10 33
1 21 15 6
9 20 14
T y l e m l u gidng 23,26
m
76,74
2,33 48,84 34,88 13,95
20,93 46,51 32,56
M l u gidng diln hinh SLI, SL8, SL24
JL13, SL17, SL20
3C 5L12, SUO, LCI 5L7, DBl, DB9
••,12, SL9, SD30
; L 1 1 , SL15, DC )L16, BB7, LCI )L7, SUO, SL29
Gia Lam Vu xuan he Sd
mlu gidng 25
1 17 1 8 13 3 1 17 8 18
17 T y l e
mlu gidng
Kl 58,14 2,33 .39„53
2,33 18,60 30,23 6,98 2,33 39,53 18,60 41,86
39,53
Man gidng dien hinh
; L 1 , S L 1 7 , S L 2 5
be
; L 3 , S U , SL6
3C
5L12, SL28, BBIO>L1, SL7, SL16
; L 2 , SL9, BB9 BL30
513, S U , SL6 iL14, SL15, SL30 SL1,SL2,SL29
SL3, S U , SL6
10 nSnf suat ndm 2011 - Ha Ndi
Vu ddng Sd
m l u ridng
36 1 1 5 8 20 9 1 5 21 15 1 1 5
T y l e mlu gidng
(%)
Mlu gidng dien hinh 83,72 5L13,BB5,DB9 2,33
2,33 11,63 18,60 46,51 20,93 2,33 11,63 48,84 34,88 2,33 2,33 11,63
bL28 BC feL15, SL18, SL29
$L19, B B l l , LC3 DBIO, LCI, LC2 DBl SL2, SL6, SLll DB7, LCI, LC3 SL9,SL16,SL28 SL27 DC SL2, SL6, SLll So q u a tren cay va khdi lupng trung binh q u a Id
hai t h d n h phdn ehinh ed anh h u d n g den sir xac dinh n a n g sudt cita gidng. Cdc mdu gidng d u a c h u d t H ' M d n g cd khdi lupng t r u n g binh q u a bidn d d n g 200 - 700 g a m , cao h o n so vdi gidng ddi chiing. T r d n g d Hd Ndi, p h a n ldn cac mdu gidng ed khdi lupng t r u n g b i n h qud dao d d n g 401 - 500 g a m (trong vu x u a n h e ) , 301 - 400 g a m (trong vu d d n g ) . O S o n La, phdn ldn cdc mdu gidng (21/43 mdu gidng) cd khdi Iupng t r u n g binh q u a dao d d n g 301 - 400 g a m , dien h i n h n h u S L 1 2 , S L 2 0 , L C L
N a n g suat ea t h e eiia cac mdu gidng dua chudt H ' M d n g Othi tidng vdi m a t dd 36.000 c a y / h a ) cd s u bidn d d n g rat ldn, 0,1 - 4,0 k g / e a y . T r d n g o Hd Noi cdc mdu gidng d u a chudt H ' M o n g cho n a n g suat ca t h e t h a p h o n rat nhieu so vdi trdng d Son La. Khi t r d n g d Son La cd 2 0 / 4 3 mdu gidng (ehiem 46,51%) cd n a n g suat cd t h e dao ddng trong k h o a n g 2,1 - 3,0 k g / e a y , dien hinh n h u S L l b , DB7, LCI; cd 14/43 mdu g i d n g (chiem 32,56%) ed n a n g suat ea t h e dao d d n g t r o n g k h o a n g 3,1 - 4,0 k g / c a y , dien h i n h n h u SL7, SL20, SL29. T r d n g d Hd Npi, p h a n ldn eae mdu gidng cd n a n g suat cd t h e dao d d n g 1,1 - 2,0 k g / c a y (trong
vu x u a n h e ) , 0,1 - 1 , 0 k g / c a y (trong vu ddng) vd t h a p h o n rat n h i l u so vdi ddi chiing. Dieu nay la do g i d n g d u a c h u d t H ' M o n g da tdn tai lau ddi va thich iing vdi mdi t r u d n g s d n g vimg cao. Dieu lam c h o khdi l u p n g va n a n g suat h o n h a n k h i t r d n g d d d n g b d n g Id n e n biic xa cao, bien do nhidt dd ngdy d e m ldn h o n , dp dai chieu sdng n g a n h o n , c h a t l u p n g a n h s a n g t d t h o n eho q u a n g h o p . N h u vay, g i d n g d u a c h u d t H ' M d n g t h u p e n h d m cay t r d n g cd vimg thieh ling sinh thai h e p , edn duy tri vimg t r d n g g i d n g n a y tai noi n g u y d n san, k h o n g di t h u c s a n g viing k h a c .
4.KErLUAM
B d n m u o i hai (42) mdu g i d n g d u a c h u d t b a n dia c u a d d n g bdo H ' M d n g vimg T a y Bac k h a da d a n g v e cac dac diem sinh t r u d n g , p h d t hridn, d a c d i e m r a h o a , dau q u a va k h d n a n g cho n a n g suat. T u y vao m d l dac diem m a cd t h e p h a n t h a n h cdc n h d m k h a c n h a u . D a e t r u n g e o ban ciia g i d n g d u a c h u d t H ' M d n g la k h a n a n g r a h o a d u e n h i e u (300-500 h o a ) , h o a cai it (10-20 h o a ) , q u a cd k i c h t h u d c ldn, k h d n a n g c h o n a n g suat ca t h e cao (xung q u a n h 3 k g / c a y , a m a t d o 36.000 c a y / h a ) vd d a c biet, g i d n g d u a c h u o t H ' M o n g cd vimg tiiich iing sinh thai h e p , can d u y tii v i m g
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2015
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trdng gidng nay tai noi nguydn san, khong di thuc 3. Trdn Khdc Thi (1985). Nghien ciiu dac dilm sang vimg khae. mdt sd gidng dua chu6t va iing dung chiing trong cdng tdc gid'ng t ^ ddng bdng song Hdng. Luan dn tien si khoa hpc ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi, 165 trang.
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(Cucumis sativus L) tai huyen -niuan Chau, tinh Son ^^^^^^ improvement of Vegetable Crops. Pergamon
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Ndng nghiep Ha Npi.
AGRO-BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFTHE H'MONG INDIGENOUS CUCUMBER IN NORTHWESTERN VIET NAM
Pham Quang Thang^-^, Tran Thi Minh Hang^
^ Tay Bac University
^ PhD students, Vietiiam National University of Agriculture
^ Vietnam National University of Agriculture
Summary
The research was conducted at two different ecological zones: the original area (in Son La) and the Red river delta (Ha Noi) to assess agricultural biological characteristics of sample group of H'Mong indigenous cucumber in Northwestern Vietnam. The experiment consists of 42 seed samples were collected from tbe locals of Son La, Dien Bien, Lai Cbau provines. The expenment was arranged m a method of evaluation of genetic resources of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 2001). The research indicators including growth duration, length of main stem, number of leaves on the main stem, branch level y 1, the characteristics of flowering, fruit characteristics and yield capabilities of Tay Bac's indigenous cucumber. Research results showed that the same pattern with the diversity of the characteristics of growth, development, morphological characteristics, charactenstics of flowering and yield capabilities. The basic features of tbe H'lVfong indigenous cucumber in the Northwest are many possibilities for the male flowers (300-500 flowers), the little female flower (10-20 flowers), big fruit size, high yield individual ability (around 3 kg/tree density of 36,000 trees/ha). Specially, H'lWong indigenous cucumber have narrow ecological adaptation region, necessary to maintam the original planting area, not move to another area.
Ifeyword: The H'Mong indigenous cucumber, agro-biological, Northwestern Vietnam.
Ngudi phdn bidn: PGS. TS. Nguyin Thi Ngpc Hud Ngdy nhan bdi: 4/12/2014
Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 7/1/2015
Ngdy duyet dang: 14/1/2015
