TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Trjn Van Lye vi tgk
«TU^ CACH MQT NGU'CW KACHIMENH" CUA NGUYEN AI QUOC VOfI CONG TAC GIAO DUC DAO DlTC CACH IMANG
CHO CAN BQ, DANG VIEN HIEN NAY
"PERSONALITY OF A REVOLUTIONIST" OF NGUYEN AI QUOC AND THEACTIVTTY OF TRAINING MORALITY FOR OFFICERS AND PARTY MEMBERS TODAY
TRAN VANUfCOva VHDINHBAY(">
TOM TAT: "TU cdch mot ngu&i kdch mgnh " Id bdi gidng ddu tien trong tde phdm "Duong kdch m?nh " ciia Nguyin Ai Qudc, niu Un nhiing vdn de ca bdn cua dgo due ngudi cpng sdn. Dd han 90 ndm trdi qua nhung gid tri eua 23 diiu yiu cdu doi v&i "Tu edeh mpt ngudi kdch mgnh" vdn con sOc song mdnh Hit, cd y nghTa to l&n doi vai vdn di gido due dgo due cdeh mgng cho cdn bp, ddng vien, dgc biit khi Nghi quyit Trung uang IV (khoa XII) " Vi tdng cuang xdy dung, ehinh ddn Bdng;
ngdn chgn, day liii su suy thodi vi tu tu&ng chinh tri, dgo due. loi sdng, nhOng biiu hien "tu diin bien ", "tu chuyen hoa " trong npi bp dang duge trien khai. thuc hiin ngdy cdng sdu rpng.
Tu khoa: "Tu edeh mpt nguai kdch minh "; Nguyen Ai Qudc; gido due dgo due cdeh mgng; cdn bp, ddng vien.
ABSTRACT: "Peronality of a revolutionist" is the first discourse in the work "The revolutionary way " writen by Nguyen Ai Quoc, it discusses the basic issues of morality of a communist. For more than 90 years passed, the value of 23 requirements for "personality of a revolutionist" still have a powerful vitality, great meaning to trainning morality for officers and the party members, especially when the Central Resolution TV (term XII) "About strengthening the construction and rectification of the Party; to prevent and reverse the decline in political ideology, morality and lifestyle, the manifestations of "self-evolution" and "self-transformation" inside the party" are being applied and implemented more and more deeply.
Key words: "Peronality of a revolutionist"; Nguyen Ai Quoc; training revolutionary morality;
officers, the party members.
1. D^kT VAN DE can bp, Ngudi hit sire chii trpng viec giao dye,
"Dudng kich mdnh" la mgt tie phim ly ren luyen phim chit dao diic each mang. Trong lugn quan trpng eiia lanh tu Nguydn Ai Qudc bii giang dau tidn eua tic phim "Dudng kach bao gdm 15 bii giing tai cic Idp huin luyen eiia mdnh", Ngudi ndu ldn 23 dieu ydu can ve phim Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien td chiic chat ciia mdt ngudi each mgng: "Tu minh phdi:
tai Quing Chiu (Trung Qudc) nhimg nam 1925- Can kigm. Hda md khdng tu. Cd quyit sHa ldi 1927 dd dao tao ldp can bp edt can eiia phong minh. Cdn than md khdng nhut nhdt. Hay hdi
^ K ^ c a e h mang Viet Nam, tir dd di din xiy Nhdn ngi (chiu khd). Hay nghien cuu, xem xet.
^ ^ B td ehiic eiia Ding, Trong cdng tic dao tgo Vi vong cong tu. Khdng hieu danh, khong kieu
H - S . Tnrdng D^i hoc Su ph^m - Dai hoc Hul, lranvanluc.dhsphue@gmail. com. Ma s6: TCKH22-02-2020 P n - S . Tnrdng Cin bp Quan ly giao due Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, [email protected]
I 23
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG nggo. Ndi thi phdi ldm. Gitt chu nghm cho viing. Hy sinh. It ldng ham mudn ve vgt chdt. Bi mat. Bdi ngudi phdi: Vdi timg ngudi thi khoan tha. Vai dodn the thi nghiem. Co long bdy ve cho nguai True md khong tdo bgo. Hay xem xet nguai. Lam vigc phdi: Xem xet hodn cdnh ky cdng. Quyit dodn. Diing edm. Phue tung dodn thi" [2, y.378-379].
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. "Tu each mgt ngutri kach menh" trong tac phim 'hirdng kach menb" cua Nguyen Ai Quoc Tic pham "Dudng kieh mdnh" ra ddi nhim mue dieh ehuan bi cho vide thinh lip Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam, vi thi Nguyen Ai Quoc chua diing tii "dang vidn" mi diing tir
"ngudi kach mdnh". Khi nghidn ciiu ndi dung phin niy ciing nhu nhidu luan didm khac trong tie pham, ehiing ta deu nhgn thay tac gii muon hudng nhiing hpi vidn tich eye ciia Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nidn phin diu dd din trd thinh nhiing dang vien cgng sin. Didu dd thd hipn ngay trong dogn diu cua phin ndi vd tu each ngudi eich mgng khi Ngudi khuydn phii "giu chli nghTa eho vung" va chi rd, ngudi each mgng Vidt Nam phii theo Qudc tl thu ba.
Nguyen Ai Qudc da giio dye cic hpc vidn phan diu theo tu cich ngudi cdng sin. Nhiing ydu ciu eiia Ngudi ed thi he thdng lai thinh nhung diem quan trpng sau diy:
Mpt Id, ngudi cich mgng phii bilt "hy sinh", "vi cdng vong tu", "it long ham mudn vl v§t chit", phii ed tinh than xa thin vi su nghiep cich mgng, khdng nggi gian khd, khdng sp hy sinh, thgm chi phai hy sinh ea tinh mang cua minh de thye hipn ly tudng cich mgng cung khdng nao niing tinh thin. Ngudi cich mang phai ludn ludn dgt lgi ich eua each mgng, cua nhan din len tren lgi ich e i nhan, khdng vi lgi ich ca nhin, gia dinh ma lam tdn hai tdi lgi ich ciia each mgng. Gip trudng hpp lgi ich ridng miu thuin vdi lgi ich chung thi phii d|it lgi ich chung len tren, tuypt ddi khdng dugc lam nguge lgi.
Hai Id, ngudi each mang phii khiem ton,
"khdng hilu danh, khdng kieu ngao", ddng thoi phii "hay nghidn ciiu xem xdt", "hay hdi" va
"ea quyet siia ldi ciia minh", tiic la cd y thue eiu tiln bg, ludn tu phe binh dl tiln Idn, khdng chu quan thda man vdi nhiing vdn hieu biet hidn ed ciia minh.
Ba Id, ngudi cich mang phii la ngudi "can thin m i khdng nhiit nhit", "nhin ngi" (chiu khd), "diing cim" v i "quylt doin". Ngudi each mgng phai ludn ludn td ra li ngudi cd suy nghT, tinh toin kp trudc khi lam bit cii vide gi, phai cin nhic lgi hgi, didu gi ndn lam, dilu gi khdng ndn lam. Niu thiy dung thi phii quydt tam lam, da Iam thi phii kidn tri lim cho din noi din chdn va dim chju trach nhiem trude vipc minh lam.
Bdn la, ngudi each mgng phai "giir chu nghTa eho vimg". Didu dd cd nghTa li ngudi each mgng vdi tu cich la ehidn sT tien phong ciia giai cip cdng nhin, phii cd sy hidu bilt nhit dinh vl chu nghTa Mic - Ld-nin; phai tuydt doi trung thanh vdi nhiing nguyen ly co ban eua nd, dong thdi phai bilt ty xiy dyng cho minh cd mdt thd gidi quan duy vat bidn ehiing, mdt lip trudng eich mgng tript de, ed tinh cam cich mang dung din.
Ndm Id, ngudi cich mgng trong hoat dpng phai bidt "xem xet hoin eanh ky cang" dh cd chii truong diing din, tranh chii quan, philn didn, trinh ndn ndng, bde ddng, thoat ly thyc td. Ddng thdi, ngudi cich mgng phii cd tac phong da "ndi thi phii Iam", tuypt ddi khdng duge ly thuylt sudng, ndi nhiiu Iam it. Cd nhu the ngudi cich mgng mdi Idi keo dugc quin chiing diing ldn Iam cich mgng.
Sdu Id, ngudi each mang khdng hogt dpng mpt cich le loi theo kieu anh himg ca nhan, mi phai hogt dpng Uong rapt td chiie, mpt doin thi, do do phai "phyc timg doan thi", tire la phai cd ^ thirc t6 chuc ky lugt, phai ludn luon d$t mmh trong mdi quan hp mgt thilt vdi td chuc. Tron hoan eanh hogt dpng bit hgp phap gi& "bi ^^^^
^ B C H U K |KHOA HQC BAI HOC VAN LANG Trin Vin Luc va tgk vira la nguyen tic, viia li IQ* lugt mi bit cii ngudi
each mang nao ciing phii tuan theo.
Bdy la, ddi vdi dong chi, vdi ngudi khic, ngudi each mgng phii "khoan thir", die la rOng lugng, bidt ehd dgi nhau; khdng nen chip nhit nhirng dilu vun vit; song ddi vdi nhung vin d l thudc vl nguyen tie thi khdng duge xud xoa ma phai nghiem tuc; ddi "vdi doan thi thi nghidm". Quan tam tdi ddng chi, "ed Idng bay ve cho ngudi", phii "xem xet ngudi", tiic la phii quan tim din edng tie, su tidn bg, sinh hogt ciia ddng ehi dd kip thdi giiip dd ehii khdng phii la soi mdi dong chi minh.
"Tu eich mdt ngudi kich mdnh" da ndu Idn nhiing van de co bin eua dgo diic mdi, dgo diic cua ngudi cpng sin. Dd la con ngudi mgt Idng, mpt da vi Ding, vi dan, vi ly tudng each mgng;
con ngudi song cd to chiie, gin bd vdi td ehiic, vdi doin thi. D^ng thdi, bilt phat huy ning lye ca nhin, "tu each mdt ngudi kieh mdnh" khae hin vdi ehu nghTa anh hiing ea nhan, dgt minh ldn trdn td chiic, hgp vdi truydn thdng dao dire eua dan tpc ta, dap ling ydu eau eua each mgng va cung rit diing vdi nguydn ly cua chu nghTa Mic — Ld-nin vd dgo diic eua ngudi each mang.
2.2. "Tu cich mpt ngudi kach menb" doi vdi viec giao dye dgo dire each mang cho can bo, dang vi£n hidn nay
Trong "Dudng kach mdnh", Nguyen Ai Quoc khdng nhung dua van de tu cich ngudi each mgng ldn dau sach, mi cdn nhin manh trudc hdt ddn diic tinh xa thin, kidn quydt chong chli nghTa c i nhin eua ngudi cgng sin.
Dieu niy khdng phai ngiu nhidn ma chinh la ydu ciu dau tien cua cupc diu tranh each mang lijc dd. Trong cupc dau tranh ehdng ich thdng tri
^ H bgo eiia ehu nghTa de qudc, neu chua giii
^ H j l ^ l ydu eiu nay, chua thi ndi din vin dk
• i c v d dudng loi va phuong phip cich mgng.
^ L ' ' T u eich mgt ngudi kich mdnh" dd dang
^ ^ phyc Idng ngudi, tilp them siie manh, la dinh hudng phin dau cho nhung ai yeu nude, thuong ndi, muon giai phdng qu6 huong, xii sd ra
khdi mgi ap birc, bde lot, giinh lgi nln ddc lip cho din tpc. Nhimg dilu mi Nguydn Ai Qudc yeu cau ddi vdi mdi n ^ d i each mgng cung la pham chit thd hidn trong suot cudc ddi hogt ddng cich mgng ciia Ngudi. Phat bilu lai eudc Hpi thao qude te vd Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh, Dgi tudng Vd Nguydn Giip ndi: "Ngudi la mot hinh mdu cao dep cda eon ngudi m&i trong thdi dpi mdi, mpt bieu tugng eua chu nghTa nhdn vdn vai ddy du y nghTa eua nd, mpt tdm guang tuyet vai ve nguai cdng sdn" [A, tr.l5]. Ddng thdi, nhirng phim chat dd ciing thi hidn d hang trim ehidn sT each mang kidn cirdng trude day - ldp ngudi each mgng do chinh Nguydn Ai Quoc dio tao.
Ngudi giao dye nhiing didu trdn ngay tir budi each mgng edn trung nude, ddn nay chiing ta cang cim thay tinh siu sic, tinh nhgy ben trong tu duy each mgng eua Ngudi khi mi toin Dang dang trien khai, thye hien siu rdng, nghiem tiic timg bude Nghi quylt Trung uong lin thir IV (khda XII), ngay 30-10-2016, "Vi tdng cudng xdy dung, chinh don Ddng; ngan chgn, ddy liii susuy thodi vi tu tu&ng chinh tri, dgo dOc, loi sdng, nhiing biiu hiin "tu dien bien", "tu chuyen hda" trong npi bd". Kinh nghipm xay dyng Ding ban 90 nim qua, die biet trong dieu kien Dang cim quydn hi^n nay, ngiy cing lim cho chiing ta nhgn thiie sau sic hon rang: Giio dye chinh tri, xay dyng tu tudng, bdi dudng tinh cam, ehinh ddn to chde Dang... ma khdng dit trdn ndn tang dao diic each mgng viing chic thi khdng cd hidu qui lau bin. Nghi quyet Tnmg uong lin thut IV (khda XII) thing than nhin nhgn, hidn nay: "Tinh trgng suy thodi ve tu tu&ng ehinh trf, dgo dOc, ldi sdng cda mpt bp phdn khdng nho cdn bp, ddng vien chua bi day liii, cd mat, ed bp phdn cdn dien biin tinh vi, phuc tgp han; tham nhiing, long phi, tieu cue vdn cdn nghiem trpng, tap trung vdo sd ddng vien cd chiic vu trong bd mdy Nhd nu&c" [1, tr.22]. Nhiiu td chiic dang, dang vidn "con hgn ehi trong nhgn thuc, la la, mdt canh gidc, ldng tung trong 25
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANG nhdn dien va ddu tranh, ngdn chdn "lu diin biin", "ty chuyin hda" [1, tr.22-23]. Nghi quydt neu ldn 9 bidu hidn suy thoii vl tu tudng chinh tri; 9 bidu hien vd suy thoai dgo diic, loi sdng; 9 bidu hidn "ty dien bien", "tu chuyen hda" trong ndi bp. Trdn eo sd dd, Nghi quydt d l ra myc tieu, quan diem va cie nhdm nhiem vu, giii phip "v&i trgng tdm Id ddu tranh ngdn chgn, day lui su suy thodi ve tu tuang ehinh trj, dgo dire, ldi sd^ig, "tu diin biin", "tu chuyin hoa" trong npi bp" [l,tr.36].
Ngay nay, each mang Viet Nam diing trude nhiiu khd khin vi thach thire mdi - nhit la cac thd luc thil dich dang thyc hidn "dien bidn hda binh". Chidn luge "didn bidn hda binh" eua ehu nghTa de qudc dugc tien hanh chii yen tren hai phuang dien: Xam luge bing quan sy va Iam tan ri tu tudng, trong dd quan trpng nhit la d phuang didn tu tudng. Muc dich ciia "didn bidn hda binh" nhim phii nhin thanh tuu eiia each mgng, thanh tyu ciia cdng cupc ddi mdi; phii nhan ehu nghTa Mac - Ld-nin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh; phii nhan con dudng xa hpi chii nghTa;
chiing tim mpi cich cd siiy cho khuynh hudng "Iy khai", "dpc l§p", khdng chiu sy quan ly cua nhi nude. Tren mat trin tu tudng, chii nghTa dl qudc
va cac the lye phin dpng dinh vao hp tu tuong miexit va cic gii tri ly tudng xa hgi chu nghia, lam cho ngudi din ke e i nhiing ngudi edng san bi dao dpng, rdi ra vl tu tudng, giim sut di den mat phuong hudng ehinh Ui rait niem tin vao xa hOi chii nghTa, vao sy lanh dao cua Ding-
Trong bdi canh dd, viee thuc hien nhiing dilu ma linh ty Nguydn Ai Qudc dgy each day hon 90 nam that khdng dd ding. Neu nhirng ngudi edng sin thieu kiln thiic, thidu nhidt tinh each mang, niu khdng toin tim, toan y nhu Ngudi: "Tdi ehi ed mdt su ham mudn tdt bgc, la lam sao cho nude ta dupe hoan toan ddc lip, din tpc ta dugc hoin toan ty do, ddng bio ta ai ciing ed com in io mac, ai eung dugc hpc hanh" [3, tr.I61] thi se khdng gift viing ly tudng cpng sin, giii viing niem tin vao Dang.
3. KET LUAN
Tu each ngudi dang vidn trong giai dogn each mgng hien nay khdng hoan toin gidng nhu hon 90 nam vl trudc, song nhiing didu chi day eiia Ngudi van edn nguyen gia yi; la tieu chi dk mdi can bp, ding vien soi minh trong giai dogn each mgng hidn nay, die bidt khi toan Dang dang tgp trung tridn khai va nghiem tue thyc hidn Nghi quydt Trung uong IV (khda XII).
TAI LIfU THAM KHAO
[1] Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam (2016), Vdn kien Hpi nghf ldn tha Tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda XII, Van phdng Trung uong Ding, H i Npi.
[2] Hd Chi Minh (2002), Tuyen tap, tap 1, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
[3] Hd Chi Minh (1995), Todn tap, tap 2, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia. Ha Npi.
[4] Ky ydu Hpi thdo qudc ti Chit ijch Hd Chi Minh anh himg gidi phdng ddn tpc. nhd vdn hoa l&n (1990), Nxb Khoa hpc xi hpi. Hi Ngi.
Ngiy nhin bai: 05-3-2020. Ngay bidn tip xong: 10-7-2020. Duyet ding: 24-7-2020
