DE XUAT GIAI PHAP NHAM KHAI THAC HIEU QUA CUM DI TICH N H A MAC (KIEN THUY) PHUC VU P H A T TRIEN
DU LICH T H A N H P H O H A I PHONG
Vd Thi Thu Hd Khoa Du lich Email: [email protected] Bill Thi Hdng Thoa
Khoa Du ljch Email: [email protected] Ngdy nhgn bdi: 28/11/2018
Ngdy PB danh gid: 07/01/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 11/01/2019
TOM TAT
Cum di tich Vuong tiilu Mac d Kiln Thuy, Hai Phdng hien nay dang dupe khai thac va dua vao phuc vy phat trien boat dpng du lich. Tuy nhien, ttong cym di tieh mdi chi cd mpt sd di tich chinh thiic dua vao khai thac, cdng tac quan ly, ngudn nhan luc, cac chuong trinh du lich va cac dich vy bd sung cdn nhieu bat cap. Chinh vi vay, ttong khuon khd bai vi6t nay, chung tdi tap trung phan tich thuc ttang khai thac cym di tieh nhiing nam qua, tii do de xuat mpt sd giai phap nham khai thac hieu qua cym di tich nha Mac phuc vy phat trien du lich thanh phd Hai Phdng.
Tic khda: Gia tri, cum di tich nha Mac, du lich Hai Phdng
PROPOSAL OF THE SOLUTION TO EXPLOIT EFFICIENCY CLUSTER OF THE FEUDAL MAC DYNASTY (KIEN THUY) TO SERVE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT HAI PHONG CITY ABSTRACT
The vestige of the Mac dynasty in Kien Thuy, Hai Phong is currently being exploited and put into service for tourism development. However, only a number of relics have been put into exploitation, management, human resources, tourism programs and additional services are still inadequate. Therefore, in the framework of this article, we focus on generalizing the database, information on relics, actiial status of relic cluster exploitation and proposing some solutions to effectively exploit value of the Mac relics cluster for tourism development of Hai Phong city.
Key word: Value; Mac monuments; Hai Phong tourism
28 TRl/OfNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
l . D A T V A N B E
Vuong tri6u Mac nam quyen tri vi ddt nude td nam 1527 din nam 1677. Trong lich su 150 nam ciia minh, nha Mac da cd nhieu ddng gop ve van hda, tdn giao, tin ngudng, su dung nhan tai, edng thuang nghiep... Tai huyen Kiln Thyy (thanh phd Hai Phdng) ngay nay, xua co lang Cd Trai (thupc xa Ngu Doan) dugc su cu ghi chep la que huong ciia Mac Dang Dung [3; 15]
cdn de lai kha nhieu di tich mang dau an cua nha Mac. Viec khai thac gia tri cua cym di tich nay phyc vy boat dpng du lich mang lai cac gia tri nhan van, gia tii kinh t l rit Idn cho thanh phd Hal Phdng. Tuy nhien, vi?c khai thac nhirng gia tri cua cum di tich nha Mac d Kien Thyy vao phat trien du lich ciia thanh phd Hai Phdng dang can phai cd su vao cugc manh me hi cac nha quan ly Nha nude ve du Hch, cac cdng ty du lich.
2. NOI DUNG NGHIEN CU*U 2.1. Khai quat mot so di tich, di v^t nha Mac tai Kiln Thuy, Hai Phdng
Cac vuang trieu phong kien thudng rat coi ttpng nai phat tich eiia ddng hp va sau khi lap nghiep hp thudng hudng vl noi dd nhu nha Ly ddi vdi Dinh Bang (Bac Ninh), nha Tran vdi Long Hung, Tuc Mac (Thai Binh, Nam Dinh)... Nha Mac cung vay, sau khi len cam quyen, Mac Dang Dung va Mac Dang Doanh da cho xay dung nhieu cung thit d Cd Trai, nhieu cung dien da dupe ghi trong "Dgi Viet thdng sd^' nhu: dien Hung Qudc, dien Tudng Quang, dien Phiic Huy...
Ngay nay, cum di tich nha Mac d Kien Thyy khdng cdn nguyen ven song van cdn mpt sd di tieh cd the khai thac phuc vy du lich cua thanh phd Hai Phdng nhu; Di tich Gd Gao, Ben Tudng, Ma Lang; di tich tu dudng hp Mac; Cac di vat trong he thdng chiia d Kiln Thyy, Hai Phdng (chua Thien
Phiic - Tra Phucmg, Thuy Huong, Kiln Thyy; chua Thien Phiic - Hda lilu, Thuan Thien, Kien Thyy; chiia Dai Linh - Dai Tra, Ddng Phuong, Kiln Thyy; chua Phd Chieu - Van Hda, Kiln Thyy; chua Bach Da - Phiic Hai, Da Phiic, Kien Thuy; chua Tnic Am - Kien Qudc, Kien Thuy; chua Phiic Linh - Nhan Trai, Dai Ha, Kiln Thuy...).
2.1.1. Di tich Gd Ggo, Ben Tudng Md Lang
Di tich nha Mac d Kien Thuy, Hai Phdng tuy hi tan pha nang ne nhung hien van cdn luu giu dugc nhieu vlt tieh la vi tri mpt sd cung dien ciia Duong Kinh xua va dac bi$t trong long dat cdn luu gift nhieu di vat thudc thdi nha Mac. Theo cac nha khao cd hpc thi budc dau da xac dinh dupe khu vyc Duong Kinh trai rdng d ba khu vyc chinh la Gd Gao, Ben Tudng va Ma Lang.
Gd Gao xua kia thudc Qudc Phdng xu ciia Cd Trai [7; 46]. Theo tmyen tung ciia nhan dan, day la nai co the dat de nghiep va ddng thdi ciing la vi tri cua di?n Hung Qudc. Trai qua thdi gian, Gd Gao da bi san phang, trong qua trinh dao pha, ngudi ta tim thay rat nhieu hien vat nhu: hai chan tang da cham canh sen, vet tich nen mong nha, dd gdm sft, chum vai, tien dong, vat lieu kien tnic... Do khdng dugc quan tam luu gift, tu nam 1996 den nay mdt sd di vat d Gd Gao mdi dupe thu gom nhu: v§A lieu kien true, dd gdm men, dd da.
Di tich Ben Tudng hay la Ben Tudng Quang cung la dien Tudng Quang (thupc xdm Ducmg) la noi d cua Mac Dang Dung khi dng nhudng ngdi cho con ve que sdng.
Khu di tich nay la nhimg vat dat cao, nay da bi san bang de lam mong, noi day hien cdn mdt loat dia danh phan anh vlt tieh cua quan the kien tnic nhu: B8n Tudng, xii Hau Dam, gd chu Cong, gd Quan Thieu, gd Vudn Thi, TAP CHI KHOA HQC, s 6 33, THANG 3/20191 29
go Phii Tin... toan bd khu vyc nay nam ttong Mdc Hoang xu cua Cd Trai, vet tieh cung di8n xua ciing chi cdn nhftng mang nen mong d dudi dat, gach vd, manh gdm men gidng d Gd Gao. Nai day cdn luu gift mot sd di vat da va dong nhu: tugng nghe, hu sanh.
Ion sanh...
Di tich Ma Lang thupc Trung Lang xu nam phia nam dien Hung Qudc, la nai de md ma cua nha Mac. Trong cugc truy dudi ciia chua Trinh Tiing (1592), day la muc tieu hi hung chiu su tan pha dft dgi nhat. Bdi vay, bay gid d Ma Lang da khdng cdn diu tich gi nfta. Gan day, nhan dan dia phuang phat hien 1 tam bia nhung rdt tiec nd bi vd thanh nhi8u manh va md khong cdn dgc dugc, tten bia cd hoa van dac trung gidng nhu cac bia da nha Mac (Tren bia cd doi rdng chau mat nguyet, diem bia cham nhilu hinh rdng duoi).
Qua nhiing di tich tten cd the thdy dugc phan nao quy mo va vi tri cua Duong Kinh xua va chic chan ring khu vuc Duong Kinh xua khdng chi cd ba vi tri tten, dia ban Cd Trai cdn rit nhilu dia danh mang phong each dien hinh cua trieu Mac.
2.1.2. Di tich tic dudng hg Mgc vd Khu tudng niem Vuong trieu Mgc
Di tich tft dudng hg Mac hien nam d xdm Kieu thdn, xa Ngu Doan, huyen Kiln Thuy, nai dupe cac hau due nha Mac xay dung vao ttieu Nguyen. Theo hp tgc nha Mac, tii dudng nay dupe xay dyng tft thi ky XVllI, nhung de ttanh su tmy limg va chong pha ciia nha Le - Trinh, nen liic ddu tii dudng cd quy md nhd, din thi ky XIX tft dudng dugc xay dyng khang trang va to d?p hon.
Tu dudng dupe xay dung ttong khudn vien rdng rai vdi dien tich gin 3.600 m^
dugc lam tii chit lieu da rap, thilt kl theo 30 I TRirdNG D^I HOC HAI PHONG
kilu nha Idng cdt, mai nha Igp ngdi miii, phia tiTidc tir dudng cd ho ban nguyet rdng 700m^ Nam 2004, tii dudng ho M^c dupe Nha nude xep hang Di tich lieh su cap Qudc gia. Nam 2009, dugc su cho phep cua Bp Van hda, The thao va Du ljch, thanh phd Hai Phdng tiln hanh xay dung Khu tudng niem Vuong trieu Mac tai thdn Cd Trai, xa Ngu Doan, huyen Kien Thyy rpng ban 10,5 ha.
Tai day dang luu gift mdt he thdng cac di vat trilu Mac cd gia tri van hda - lich su bao gdm:
- He thdng di vat bang gd;
+ Ba chiec huong an cd kich thudc khac nhau nhung deu cd mau dd, xung quanh mep huong an dupe ttang tti bdng hoa van hinh hd phu va phupng.
+ Hai hang bat buu son son thep vang, tupng trung cho uy quyen va sire manh cua nha vua. Hang ben phai cham ndi hai chu
"Tinh tuc" (nghia la rude di). Hang ben trai cham ndi hai chft "TTA hdr (nghTa la v l ngay hpi). Da qua 200 nam, nhung hai hang bat bim hau nhu van cdn nguyen ven.
+ Hai ddi con sdu lam chan de gia ttdng, chieng.
- He thdng di vat bang ddng:
+ Gia chidng, gia ttdng dupe ttang tri bang long, ly, quy, phupng v^o bdn gdc.
+ Chieng dugc ma vang, cd cham khac hinh ludng long chdu mat nguyet.
+ Dinh ddng cd hinh su tft vdn cau, dang manh khde, ttang tii tinh tl.
+ Ddi hac ngam den hoa sen.
+ Quan ttpng ban ca trong Khu tiidng niem Vuong tiieu Mac hien cdn gift thanh Bao Long Dao 17; 28] cua Mac Thai Td.
Bao vat da co tren 500 nam mdi, la mpt
trong hai thanh dao nSng nhat the gidi vdi trpng lupng 25kg (ttpng lupng hien nay) va udc tinh khi chua bi han gi cd the nang tdi ban 30kg.
Nam 1938, hp Pham lang Ngpe Tinh tien hanh triing tu tft dudng, dao hd ban nguyet, da tim thay Dai long dao dudi long dat sau han 90 nam that lac. Liic nay, Dai long dao da bi gi set an mdn. Nam 2010, nha Thai Mieu tai Khu tudng niem vuong trieu nha Mac khanh thanh, thanh Bao Long Dao [6;28] dupe chi hp Pham gdc Mac d lang Ngpe Tinh nghinh rude bau vat ve Thai mieu.
- He thdng bia da: co ba tam vdi kich thudc khac nhau, xung quanh mep bia cd trang tti hinh hoa ciic day, rieng mep dinh tren cd cham hinh ludng long chau mat nguy8t.
- HS thdng di vat bdng su: gdm hai chile bat hucmg dupe trang tri hinh rdng, dl bing, mieng va day rpng.
- He thdng eau doi: gdm 5 cap cau ddi, trong dd ba cap co nSn nau sam, chft ttang CO nien dai khoang 200 nam vdi ndi dung;
"Lang Ddng vdn chuong quang nhdt nguyet
Cd Trai de nghiep trdng son hd"
(Tam dich la: "Van chuong d Liing Ddng rang rd dat ttdi; De nghiep d Cd Trai manh me dat trdi").
2.1.3. Di vdt trong hi thdng chiia tgi Kien Thuy-Hdi Phdng
* Chita Thiin Phuc (chiia Bd Danh hay chiia Trd Phuong), thugc thdn Trd Phuong, xd Thuy Huong, Kien Thuy. Chua dupe xay dyng lai vao thdi Nguyin (the ky XIX), khudn vien dep, kien tnic khang ttang. Dau vet cua nghe thuat thdi Mac edn d l lai d chua kha nhieu, tieu bieu nhu:
- Vat lieu kien tnic: co hai loai la chan da tang va da xay tudng. Ba chiec chan tang deu la hinh khdi vudng det, mat tang cham thanh gd ttdn ndi cao de chan cdt, xung quanh mat tron cham ndi 16 canh sen map miii thon nhgn, kich thudc khac nhau. Da bd mdng nen bac them diu lam bang da xanh hiiih khdi hop chu nhat cd nhieu kich cd khac nhau. Dac biet, tai chua cdn mdt vien da cham rdng chau mat nguyet. Hien mpt sd vien da dupe dimg de xay xep nha bia va mpt sd dugc xep trudc cfta chua phuc vu khach tham quan, toan bp di vat nay deu thupc thdi Mac.
- Bia da: gdm 2 tam bia thdi Mac, tren mat bia deu cd khac chft Han. Mdt tam bia dupe dung vao nam 1562, dat tten be mdi bang xi mang tai nha bia trudc vudn thap gan Idi di vao chua, tam bia nay cao 1,035m, rgng 0.68m, day 0.2m. Mat trudc cua bia chgm ddi rdng chau mat nguyet, xung quanh cham ciic day kieu tay mudp. Ndi dung ndi vl viec Thai hoang Thai hau va cac cdng chiia, cac vuang, cac vi phu nhan, cac vi quan cdng ciing tien bac tu sua chua. Mat sau tam bia cham hai con phupng, hai hoa cue trdn, npi dung ndi ve viec Thai hoang Thai hau cimg mong vao chiia lam ciia tam bao. Tam bia thu hai dugc chon sau vao tudng sau cua chua, khdng cd be, cao 1.04m, rdng 0.65m, vi bia bi md nen rdt khd dpc, nhung tren bia cd diem trang tri hinh hoa cue day chiing td day la bia thai Mac.
- Thanh bac da cham sau: dupe chdn d trudc cua nha bia, mat gdc cham ddi con sau gidng nhau, sau co tu the trudn chay tft tren xudng, bdn chan gap khuyu, ma bau, mdm dai, mui nhd, mat trdn, minh thon lan, lung va khuyu chan deu cd long xoan dc.
- De bia tao hinh riia dat trudc san chua, dai 1.22m, rgng 0.78m, day 0.25m, cd va T4.P CHI KHOA HQC, S 6 33, THANG 3/2019| 31
dau vuan 0.3m, hinh dang dan gian, md gan gidng vdi md chim, dudi va bdn chan cham ap sat vao mmh.
Tupng thd, be tuong Phat, gdm cd tugng Mac Dang Dung, tupng chan dung ba chiia Mac va tupng su.
Tugng Mac Dang Dung dupe dat sat d tien duimg ttong mpt kham gd, ed kich thudc cao 0,72m, ngang vai rdng 0.36m, ngang gdi rdng 0.5m x 0.32m. Tupng cd tu the ngdi khoanh chan, xep bang de Id ban chan phai de ttdn, hai tay nim vao nhau, ban tay phai up len ban tay ttai. Dang tugng chac map, minh hai det, khuon mat nam dimg mdi, choang ao long bao rdng.
Tupng chan dung ba chiia Mac, khdng ro ba chiia nao, dua vao bia da cd the doan day la ba Vu Thi Nggc Toan (Vg ciia vua Mac Dang Dung). Tugng dugc dat d gian giua ngay bac dau tien cua Phat dien va dupe tac ttong mdt cai khung nhu mdt tam bia tten nhimg canh hoa sen, hinh hop tac lien khdi, chan dung dang ttong tu the ngdi khoanh chan xep bang tay phai dat ngua trudc long, tay ttai up thing trudc gdi.
Tupng cd dang thon chac, khudn mat nu tmng tudi, phuc hau, toe chai mupt, dai, cd ttdn thap. Phuc sue kha cau ky gom cd mdt Idp ao trong cd ttdn cd that day lung, Idp ao ngoai triim rpng. Trang tri d giiia tim bia hinh mat nguyet cd cac tia sang tda ra hai ben, hai ben day cham ciic hoa day.
Tugng su dat tiong nha thd to, co vdc dang, khudn mat, phuc sue tu thi ngdi rat dan gian, hai chan khoanh xep bing, hai tay dat trudc long.
Cac be tupng Phat deu lam bang gd, cd 5 be, cac be mpng nay diu khdng con tuong nen dugc su dung de dat cac pho tupng cd nien dai thap ban, Cd be mat trudc cham hinh rdng cudn la de, hai mat ben va 32 I TRirCJNG D ^ HQC HAI PHONG
sau cham hinh hoa cue va "cay thieng", cd be l^i cham hoa ciic mat trudc va mat sau cham hinh canh hoa sen up trudc mat hay mat tiirdc cham rdng, hai ben cham huau.
* Chita Thien Phuc (chua Hda Lieu) vd ngdi din thd bd Thdi hodng thdi hdu hg VU thudc thdn Hda Lieu, xd Thuan Thien, Kiin Thuy. Chua da dugc tu sua nhieu lin, cdn ngdi den thd ba Thai hoang thai hau hp Vu d gdn chiia thi da dupe xay l^i mdi hoan toan, nhimg vet tich xua cdn de lai cho thdy ngdi den nay trude day ciing nam trong khudn vien chiia, vi ngay trudc san dSn cd mgt tam bia da ciia chua.
Nhirng vet tich xua nhat cua chiia con lai gdm cd hai lan can thanh bac, bdn pho tupng Phat, hue cham chan dung ba Thai hoang thai hau, hai pho tugng dng hoang, mdt pho tuong su va mdt tdm bia.
Hai lan can thanh bac dugc dat trudc nha Tiln dudng, nua be dupe chdn sau xuong dat, nua be tten cham hinh rdng dang trudn xudng theo dp ddc cua thanh b^c.
Bia da dat trudc san den ba Thai hoang thai hau hg Vu cd ten la "Tao Thien Phiic ty bi". Bia dat tten lung mdt con rua.
Dang rua dai, dau ngang cao, mdm thon nhpn. Mat trudc bia cham hinh rong chau mat nguyet va hoa sen. Mat sau ciing cham hinh rdng chau mat nguyet va hoa sen. Hai mat bia deu cd khic chft Han. Ndi dung bia ndi ve viec ba Thai hoang thai hau da gdp tien dyng chiia va ciing mdng vao chua. Bia dugc dung nam 1562.
Bdn pho tupng Phat gdm ba pho Tam thi va mdt pho Quan Am. Ba pho Tam the dupe dat sat phia ttong cimg ciia Phat di8n, CO vdc dang, tii thi, kich thudc tuang ty nhau. Ca be cao 0.83m, ngang vai rpng 0.37m, ngang gdi rdng 0.51m. Dang tugng mSp ttdn, khuon mat ttdn, khdi u tten dinh
dau ndi rat cao, dang thon nhpn, tai dai co deo khuyen, mat hai lim dim, cd cao ba ngan. Phyc sue gom ao ca sa dang rdng trum kin ngudi. Ngoai ra, mdi pho deu mang mdt net rieng: Pho d gifta ed chft "van" giua ngyc, tay ttai up vao gdi, tay phai nho ra hai ngdn tay; Pho ben trai mat hoi vudng, mdt tay up, mpt tay ngfta tten gdi; Pho ben phai mat hai thon d dudi, long may cong ttdn, ngyc cd hoa nhiSu canh, hai tay ngua xep trudc byng.
Tucmg Quan Am tpa son dupe dat d Idp thu tu phia ben trai Phat dien, tupng dat ngdi tten mgt qua niii.
cae tugng thd khac gom cd Tugng chan dung ba Thai hoang thai hau hg Vu cung duge tac gidng nhu chan dung tugng d chiia Tra Phuang, dugc dat ttong cung cua den.
Hai pho tugng vuang diu dupe dat d hang thu tu trong Phat dien. Pho ben ttai trong tu the ngdi "vuong gia" tten ngai, hai chan budng thong, hai tay vdng chap trudc ngyc dang cam hdt bai, khudn mat gan vudng chft dien. Pho tugng ben phai cung cd nhieu net tuong tu pho ben trai nhung tugng ngdi d tu the xep bang tren be vudng, mu tren phang cd cham hinh con chim dang vd canh lao xudng, ao ehoang ttang tri nhieu hinh hoa sen, hoa ciic. Tupng su dugc dat tten ban thd trong nha thd td. Tupng the hien chan dung cua cac su: dau cit trpc, khudn mat to ddy, tai dai, miii to, cd thap ba ngan, vai xudi dang khoanh chan xep bang tren tda sen, ao ca sa rpng che bet ca chan tay chi de Id ra mdt ngdn cai ciia ban tay phai.
* Chda Dgi Linh thudc thdn Dgi Trd, xd Ddng Phuong, Kien Thuy. Chiia ed kiln true nhd, trong chua cd hai pho tupng da thdi Mae.
Tupng Quan Am tpa son dat d gian ben phai tda hau dudng. Tupng ttong tu
th6 tpa son, chan ttai khoanh lai, chan phai chdng xudng, hai ban tay dat len hai gdi, than hinh can doi, phiic hau, hai tai to va dai.
Tugng vuang duoc dat d gian ttai tda hau dudng, dang ttong tu the ngdi "vuong gia" tren ngai, hai tay vdng trudc ngyc cdm hdt bai, dau tugng ddi mu trdn thanh cao cd trang tri hinh canh sen, phia trudc cd chu
"vuong", ao choang rdng cd ch^m nhieu hinh ttang tri, nguc, lung, hai vai dSu cham rdng va dac biet phan dai ao cd ghi nien dai ciia tugng "Dien thdnh so nien ciru nguyet nhi thdp nhdf (nghTa la ngay 20 thang 9 nam 1578).
* Chita Phuc Linh (chiia Nhdn Trai) thudc thdn Nhdn Trai, xa Dgi Hd, Kien Thiiy. Chiia da nhieu Ian triing tn tu thdi Le dSn thdi Nguyen. Kien tnic bi^n nay lam vao nam Duy Tan (1910) va dugc tdn tao nam 1996. Vlt tich nha Mac tai chiia la mpt sd thanh phan kien tnic va hai tupng chan dung. Cac vet tich kiln tnic gdm cd mdt chan tang da, sau lan can thanh bac bing da, mpt chan da [8; 65], dupe lam bang da xam trang, dang hinh gan gidng mdt chiec binh cd eo, bung phinh, d l thon. Bdn mat cham ba con rdng udn luan, vdn ngpe.
Hai pho tupng thd la tupng vuang.
Mdt tugng dugc dat d gian trai tda tien dudng va van cdn nguyen v?n, trong tu thi ngdi "vuang gia" tten ngai. Khudn mat la nam dftng mdi, khde manh, dau dpi mu, hai tay tupng vdng ve phia trudc cam hdt bai. Xiem ao rpng, cd ttang tri hinh rdng va hoa sen. Tuong thu hai lam bang gd, dat d gian giua, ben sudn phai cua Phat dien, ngdi trong tu the xep bang, dang thanh manh, khudn mat beo, cdm trdn, hai tay dat trudc Idng, ao hoang bao rdng, trudc byng cd cham hinh rdng cupn ttong d vudng.
Trong sudt nhiing nam tri vi, cac vua TAP CHI KHOA HQC, SQ 33, THANG 3/2019| 33
nha Mac da da cd nhieu cdng lao ddi vdi dat nude, de lai nhieu bai hpc quy cho cac giai doan phat trien cua dat nude sau nay. Nhimg di tich trong cum di tich nha Mac hien thu hiit mdt lupng Idn du khach din tham quan, chiem bai va sdng trong khdng gian cd kinh linh thieng xua, mang lai cho du khach nhiing cam nhan ve qua khu oai hiing ciia mdt trieu dai da qua ban 400 nam. Nhimg cd vat dang luu gift tai day: cac birc tugng trong chua, chiec binh ed hinh chua Mdt cdt, chudng Dai Hdng chung nang 1527 kg, chieng ddng khac ndi 2 con rdng... va dac biet la thanh Dai Long dao (cdn ggi la Dinh Nam dao) han 500 tudi. Tucmg trayen day la thanh Dinh Nam dao da giiip Mac Dang Dung doat chftc vd dich trong cudc thi tuyen Dd luc sy tai Giang Vd dudng d Thang long trong thdi Le so. Han 20 nam sau dd, dng phuc vy dudi 4 ttieu vua Le. Nhd tai thao luge tti dung hon ngudi va vdi thanh Bao dao ttong tay, dng xong pha tran mac va bach chiln bach thing ttong cac cudc dep loan cua nhilu phe phai, the lye cat cu trong ca nude. Thanh Dai Long dao la di vat quy hiem cua thdi Mac, cho thay trinh dp phat ttien ve vu khi ciia ngudi Viet Nam xua.
Cum di tich vuang trieu Mac hien cdn luu gift nhieu di vat dd gdm, tugng da thdi Mac - thdi ky phat trien cua gdm lam (cdn gpi la gdm hoa lam) Viet Nam. Tmng tam san xuat gdm hoa lam thdi Le - Mac d Chu Dau, Hpp Le. Gdm hoa lam la dong gdm hoa van ve mgt mau dudi men, nung mpt ian nen mau khdng bi bong va bien mau.
Gdm hoa lam la dung chat lam cd ban ve cac dd an hoa van len mat phdi gdm, sau do phii men thau quang len va nung vdi nhiet do cao se cho san pham gdm hoa lam dudi men. Do nhung gia tri ciia gdm hoa lam, din nay dd gdm lam vin dugc cac nha suu tap 34 I TRirdNG D;^I HOC HAI PHONG
dd CO san lung. Tam quan ttpng cua gom hoa lam khdng nhftng the hien tren cac sic dp mau lam, ma cdn dupe the hien tten ndi dung va nghe thuat the hien hoa van. Hoa van gdm hoa lam duge the hien bang nghe thuat ve biit Idng, day la diem khac biet so vdi gdm men nggc hoac gdm hoa nau da co tft trudc dd.
Nha Mac tuy chi tdn tai ttong 65 nam, mdt giai doan Hch sii ngin trong hang nghin nam chi dp phong kiln Viet Nam nhung vdi chii trucmg "Dirng van giao ma ren luyen nhan tai, sua trudng hpc de md rdng nen giao due, ban quy hpc de cd vii long hang hai...", trieu Mac da td chuc dupe tat ca 22 khoa thi, lay do 485 tien sy ttong do cd 13 Trang nguyen [3; 56]. Xuit than khoa bang dudi ttieu Mac, cd nhieu nhan vat ndi tieng nhu Nguyen Binh Khiem, Giap Hai, Ha Dai Nham, Hoang Sy Khai... Nhimg nhan tai ay khdng chi cd ddng gdp quan ttpng ttong xay dung, td chftc nha nude ciia trieu Mac ma cdn cd nhieu ddng gdp vao ddi sdng chinh tri, tu tudng, van hda cua dan tpc. Cum di tich nha Mac nhu la mdt chiing tich quan trpng cho thSy dugc nhiing cdng hiln ciia trieu Mac vao lich su dan tdc, xay dung thi gidi quan dung dan cho the he tte ve mdt vuang trieu trong lich su phong kien Viet Nam. Cym di tich vuang ttieu Mac dupe coi la diem nhan van hda du lieh ciia huyen Kien Thuy va thanh phd Hai Phdng, la myln dilm du lich ket ndi vdi cac di tich ndi tieng ciia Hai Phdng nhu Din Gim, chua Thing Phiic (Tien Lang), di tieh Trang Trinh Nguyin Binh Khiem (VTnh Bao) thanh tuyin du lich van hda tam linh, haiyin thong Hch su.
2.2. Thuc trang khai thac cum di tich nha Mac trong hoat dgng du lich
Trong dinh hudng phat trien du lich huyen Kiln Thuy din nam 2025, dia
phucmg da xac dinh nhiing diem ttpng tSm de dau tu, trong dd nhin manh den khai thac va day manh hoat ddng xiic tien du lich gan vdi cym di tich nha Mac.
1.1 1. Cdc chuang trinh du lich dang hogt dgng
Do nhieu yeu td khach quan va chu quan nen chucmg trinh du lich do dia phuang ttien khai van Idng ghep vdi chucmg ttinh du lich chung cua thanh phd nhu: khai thac myen du lich npi thanh Hai Phdng - Kien Thuy, tuyin Hai Phdng- Dd San - Kiln Thuy - VTnh Bao. Tai cac myln du lich tren, dia phuang tap trung chu yeu di vao khai thac cac di tich thudc vuang ttieu Mac nhu: khu tudng niem vuong trieu Mac, tft dudng hp Mac, den chua Hda Lieu, chua Tra Phuang.
Ddng thdi, cdn cd cac hoat ddng van hda dien ra tai cac di tich nham phuc vu nhu cau tham quan ciia du khach nhu: tham du l l hdi khai biit ddu nam dugc td chuc tai khu tudng niem vuang ttieu Mac, le hdi Minh The tai den chiia Hda Lieu. Phdng Van hda thdng tin huyen Kiln Thuy van chua xay dung dugc cac chuang trinh du lich ri6ng cua dia phuang. Do do, boat dpng hudng ddn va ddn tiep khach tham quan co nhieu bat cap.
Kiln Thuy khdng chi cd nhirng Ipi the ve tai nguyen nhan van ma cdn cd nhieu Ipi thi vl mdi trudng tu nhien. Tuy nhien, hien nay huyfn van chua trien khai, xay dung dupe nhiing chuang trinh du lich mang mau sac rieng cua dia phuang Thuc te tren la do Kiln Thyy cdn cd nhilu han che ve ngudn nhan luc, tieu bieu nhu thilu kinh phi bdi dudng va dao tao ngudn luc cd chat lupng.
Tilp den, Kien Thyy chua cd nhieu co sd ha tdng, djch vu phuc vu nhu cau an, nghi ngoi, giai tri cho du khach. Su yeu kem ttong viec kit hgp gifta hoat ddng quan ly ciia chinh
quyen vdi ngudi dan dia phuang. Do do, khi xay dung chuang trinh du lich gan vdi khai thac cac di tich tren dia ban huyen cdn gap nhieu kho khan.
Ngoai ra, dia phuang chi tap trung khai thac d mgt so di tich trpng diem nhu:
khu tudng niem, tft duimg, din chua Hda Lilu. Cae di tich khi dupe dua vao khai thac cung khdng cd su ddi mdi khi xay dung cac chuang trinh du lich.
Tai khu tudng niem Vuong trieu Mac, Ban quan ly di tich tiln hanh mgt sd chucmg trinh du lich trai nghiem, song nhftng chuong ttinh nay van chua cd su lan tda va thu hiit du khach ngoai dia ban thanh phd Hai Phdng. Bdi le cac chucmg ttinh trai nghiem mdi chi ap dung cho ddi tupng hpc sinh mpt sd trudng tieu hpc, tmng hpc tren dia ban thanh phd Hai Phdng.
Cd the khing dinh, nhiing chuong ttinh du lich ciia Kien Thuy chua khai thac dugc hit nhimg gia tti vdn cd cua cum di tich, chua cd tinh hdp dan rieng biet, it ddi mdi, chua hudng den nhu cau, tam ly cita cac ddi tupng khach khac nhau dan den tam ly nham chan cho du khach khi den tham quan di tich.
2.2.2.Ngudn nhdn luc qudn ly di tich Hien nay phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen Kien Thuy nam vai ttd quan ly, dieu hanh hoat dgng xitc tien du lich. Nhan lye cua Phdng hien cd: 06 chuyen viSn, cd trinh dp dai hpe la 6/6. Tuy nhien, ttong cac can bd quan ly chi cd 02 can bp tdt nghiep chuygn nganh Van hda Du lich, cdn lai la nhiing can bp dupe dieu dgng tft cac nganh khac sang.
Cac diem di tich gin vdi vuang trieu Mac tai Kiln Thuy deu dugc Phdng phan cdng nhan vien quan ly, day la dgi ngii nhan TAP CHI KHOA HQC, SO 33, THANG 3/20191 35
vien lam viec theo ehe do hgp ddng, ngoai trii Khu tudng niem nha Mac co dpi ngii quan ly la nhan vien bien che. Khu tudng niem Vuang trilu Mac hien nay cd 07 can bd, ttong do chi cd sd it cac can bp duoc dao tao tu chuyen nganh Van hda, Du ljch, cdn lai la nhiing can bp dupe dieu dpng tft cac nganh, bd phan khae.
Q mpt so cac di tich khac, viec quan ly di tich dugc giao cho chinh ngudi dan dia phuang. Da sd, nhimg ngudi dugc ttdng coi di tich la nhiing ngudi cao nien ttong lang xa, hg la ngudi am hieu ve lich sft, van hda dia phuang, my nhien ban than hp lai chua cd ky nang de thuyet trinh, ky nang giao tiep va ky nang xft ly tinh hudng. Do vay, cac hoat dpng tai cac di tich nay con mang tinh tu phat, chua dap iing dupe nhu cau cua du khach khi den di tich.
2.2.3.Co sd hg tdng, ca sd luu tru, dn udng
Phat trien du ljch can di ddi vdi xay dung va hoan thien ve ca sd ha ting, trang thiet bi. Trong nhftng nam gan day, dia phuang da tien hanh xay dung va hoan tbiSn he thdng giao thdng, cai tao he thdng ludi di8n ciia huyen (Toan huyen cd 3 tryc dudng giao thdng dudng bd di qua hau hit dja ban ciia 18 xa). Trong dh an phat tiiln du lich dia phucmg dua ra cin nang cip cac tuyen dudng ndi tft Den Mo vdi dudng lien xa tdi Mieu Ddng, Milu Doai xa Du Ll vdi tdng dien tich khoang 300m, bl rdng mat dudng la 7m, lam mdi tuyen dudng tft chua Thien Phiic ndi vdi dudng 405. Cai tao va nang cap md rdng doan dudng vao chiia Ngpe Liin dai tten 100m, rpng 7m, nang cap cac tuyen dudng vao cac diem di tich ciia nha Mac. Tuy nhien, song do nhftng han ch6 ve von dau tii nen nhilu tuyin dudng giao thdng van chua dupe nang cdp va sua 36 I TRlTOfNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
chfta, dieu nay se anh hudng khdng nhd den ho^t ddng di Iai va tham quan cua du khach [7; 5].
Tren dia ban huyen cd 17 nha nghi vdi tdng sd phdng la 113 phdng, 14 nha hang phuc vu cho boat ddng an udng [8; 4], Hien nay huySn van chua cd ea sd luu tni la khach san ma chu ylu la he thdng cae nha nghi, nen viec luu tni cho doan khach ddng gap nhieu khd khan. Vi vay, cac chuang trinh du lich thudng dugc xay dyng diin ra chi tiong mdt ngay, nen hau het du khach khong cd nhu cau luu tni lai dia phuang.
Mat khac, quang dudng tu huyen Kien Thyy den tmng tam thanh phd khdng xa (khoang 25km). Cac du khach thudng lya chgn nghi tai cac khach san d trung tam thanh phd dl cd the sft dyng cac dich vu bd sung.
Trong de an phat ttien du lich cua huyen Kiln Thyy din nam 2025, xac dinh se xay dyng khach san 3 sao tai xa Ngu Doan, nham dap ftng nhu cau luu tni cua du khach.
Tren thyc tl, du an tten vin chua dupe trien khai, bdi dia phuong vdn chua tim dupe cac nha dau tu, ngoai ra nhftng thii tuc phap ly ttong viec xay dung vin cdn nhilu bit cap, chua du sdc hip din.
He thdng ca sd phuc vy an udng tai Kien Thyy ttong nhiing nam qua ed xu hudng phat trien manh me. Nhilu ca sd an udng di vao khai thac chu ylu cac mon an ddng que. HiSn nay, tten dia ban huy6n cd 14 nha hang phuc vu quy md hon 100 khach, cdn lai chi cd cac quan an, nha hang quy md nhd phyc vu tii 50 den dudi 100 khach. Cac nha hang boat ddng kinh doanh tai Kien Thuy chii ylu nhim phuc vy nhu cau an udng cua ngudi dan dia phuang va ddi tupng khach tft cac doan thi, ban nganh, sd it khach vang lai tren dia ban thanh phd Hai Phdng. Viec phuc vy nhu cau an udng
tii cac doan khach du lich chua phd bien tai cac CO sd nay.
2.2.4. Hogt dgng quang bd du lich cua dia phuong
Quang ba du lich la yeu td quan ttpng nham thu hiit du khach din huyen Kien Thyy. Tuy nhien, ttong nhftng nam vua qua boat ddng quang ba du lieh cua huyen cdn nhilu bit cap.
Thic nhdt, tii phia ca quan quan ly, phdng v a n hda, Thdng tin va Du lich huyen Kien Thuy ehua xay dung dupe bieu tupng, logo rieng, chua khai thac tdt viec quang ba tft cac ttang mang xa hdi. Mpt sd bai viet gidi thieu v l di tich, ll hdi mdi chi dupe dang tai tten cdng thdng tin dien tu cita tly ban nhan dan huyen Kien Thyy, trang Mactneu.
vn ciia Ban quan ly Vuang trieu nha Mac, song nhung bai viet nay chua dupe cap nhat lien tuc, nen sdc thu hut cua di tich ddi voi du khach chua cao.
Thir hai, ngoai hoat ddng quang ba tten cac ttang mang xa hdi, huyen Kien Thuy chua xay dung va ttiln khai mpt so hinh thuc quang cao khac nhu: thiet k8 cac an phim du lich nhu cac poster, cac baimer, cac tap gdp...
Thu ba, boat ddng quang ba tten tmyIn hinh chi dupe gidi thi6u khi td chftc cac hoat dpng le hdi diin ra tai cac di tich.
Trong sd nhirng 18 hdi dugc quang ba tten truyen hinh. Kiln Thuy mdi chu ttpng den quang ba le hdi Khai but dupe diin ra tai khu mdng niem Vuang tiilu Mac, ll hdi Minh Thi. Kenh truyen hinh dupe dia phuang lya chpn la dai phat thanh tmyen hinh Hai Phdng. Day ciing la mgt ban che ttong viec thu hut su chit y cita du khach trong va ngoai nude khi den tham quan he thdng di tich tai dia phuong.
Kien Thyy chua xay dung va ket hgp dupe gifta viec quang ba cac diem di tich va nhihig gia tri van hda tieu bieu cita dia phuong. Dieu nay khdng chi anh hudng den su chii y, lua chpn diem den ciia du khach ma nd cdn tac ddng rat Idn den viec dau tu va phat trien tft cac doanh nghiep va ca nhan ttong chien luge phat tri8n du lich.
Hoat dpng myen tmyen, quang ba du lich giua co quan quan ly ven ngudi dan va cac CO sd kinh doanh luu tni, an udng tai Kien Thyy chua dupe chit ttpng. Nhiing tdn tai tten khdng chi cd anh hudng xau den hoat ddng du lich ma cdn anh hudng den phat trien boat ddng kinh te chung cua huyen Kiln Thuy.
2.3. M6t s6 a l xuat nhim khai thac cum di tich nha Mac trong phat trien du lich
2.3.1. Xdy dung vd hodn thien chuong trinh du lich gdn vdi di tich nhd Mgc tgi Kien Thuy
Xay dung chuang tririh du lich la nhiem vu quan ttpng gdp phan da dang hda san pham du Hch cua dia phuong. Hien nay, nhung chuong trinh du lich dupe dia phuong khai thac khdng cd sy ddi mdi, do vay cdn phai xay dung cac chuang trinh du lich mdi ket hpp vdi cym di tich thudc vuong ttieu Mac.
Dia phuong cdn xdy dung chuang trinh du lich, tren ca so khai thdc he thdng di tich gdn vdi cdc le hdi vdn hda truyen thdng. Kien Thyy cd nhieu le hdi truyen thdng tieu bieu va dac sac nhu le hdi Vat cau Kim Son dugc td chuc vao ngay mdng 6 thang Gieng, le hdi mdc Ipn Ong Bd td ehirc vao ngay mdng 10 thang Gieng, le hpi Minh The td chuc vao ngay 14 thang Gieng.
Cac le hdi d Kiln Thyy deu mang nhiing gia tti van hda, lich sd sau sac, mang dac TAP CHI KHOA HOC, S 6 33, THANG 3/2019| 37
tnmg van hda ciia cu dan ndng nghiep. Do do, viec khai thac nhftng le hdi tren gan vdi cac di tich nha Mac se gdp phan xay dung chucmg trinh du lich cua dia phuang them da dang. Han nua, thdi gian td chuc cac le hgi tten gan nhau nen day la yeu td thuan Ipi xay dyng cac tour du lich dai ngay, qua do thiic day viec sft dyng cac san pham dich vy bd sung tft phia khach du lich ddi vdi cac co sd kinh doanh luu tni, an udng, hoat ddng vui chai, giai tri tai dia phuang.
Xdy dung chuang trinh du lich sinh thdi kit hgp vdi cym di tich vucmg trieu Mgc tgi dia phuang, Kien Thyy dupe thien nhiSn uu dai co nui Ddi va sdng Da Dp bao quanh, canh sac trii tinh. Trong dinh hudng phat triln du lich, phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen Kien Thyy da xay dyng de an quy hoach xay dung khu du lich sinh thai cua dia phuang bao gdm: dia diem bao quanh xa Ngu Doan tdi song Van Uc va cac viing ndm tten dia ban xa Thuan ThiSn, xa Hiiu Bing, dien tich tdng cpng khoang 250 ha. Khi din tham quan, du khach khdng chi tim bilu vl nhung gia tri van hda, Hch sir ciia cum di tich nha Mac ma cdn dugc ngam nhin canh dep khi cheo thuyin du ngoan tii hai ben bd sdng Da Dp.
Xdy dung chuang trinh hoc tap thuc te. cac chuang trinh hpc tap thuc t l da dupe thuc hien tai Khu tudng niem vucmg trilu Mac, my nhien hieu qua cua chuang trinh nay chua cao. Bdi cac md hinh cho hpc tap thyc te chua dupe hoan thien, thilu dpi ngu hudng din vien, ndi dung hpc tap khdng cd su ddi mdi, md hinh hpc tap chua cd tinh logic cao. Ben canh dd, tinh lan tda cua chuang trinh hpc tap nay mdi dimg lai d mdt s6 trudng tten dja ban tiianh phd. Chinh vi vay, viec xay dung cac chuang ttinh hpc tap thyc te can dugc md rdng d cac di tich 38 I TRlTOTNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
khac nhau eua nha Mac tai Kien Thuy. Ddi vdi cac chuong trinh hgc tap thyc tl, ban quan ly cin xay dyng cac bai thuyet trinh chi tilt, su dyng eac phuang tiSn hd ttg vi?c ttinh chieu nham tao su hap din cho cae ban hpc sinh, sinh vien. Hoan thien cac md hinh trai nghiem, ben canh dd can cd su phan khu mang tinh khoa hpc nhu phan khu theo mdi, theo cap dp, theo tinh chat.
2.3.2. Ndng cao chdt lugng phuc vu cdc ca sd luu tru vd dn udng phuc vu nhu cdu du khdch
Hoat dpng luu tru - an udng gdp phan Idn cho sy thanh cdng cho mdi chuyen du lich, ttong khi do boat dpng nay hien nay chua dupe dia phuang chii ttpng.
Ddi vdi boat dpng luu tni, dia phuang can khai thac tdi uu he thdng cac ca sd kinh doanh nha nghi, hudng din hp di theo hudng khai thac, phuc vy luu tni cho khach du Hch. Phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen can td chftc cac Idp tap huan, phdi hpp vdi eac CO sd dao tao du Hch tten dia ban thanh pho md cac ldp hpc nghiep vu dl cdp chdng chi nghe.
Chinh quySn dia phuang can cd su xa hdi hda keu ggi vdn dau tu hi eac ca nhan, doanh nghiep ttong va ngoai dia ban thanh phd xay dung h& thdng cac khach san dat tieu chuan. De keu ggi cac doanh nghiep, hay ca nhan dau tu xay dyng ca sd luu tni, huyen Kien Thyy can linh ddng thyc hien thu tyc hanh chinh, tao ca che dau tu thdng thoang nhung vin trong khudn khd phap luat, tao mgi dieu kien hd trg doanh nghiep, ca nhan ttong viec tuyen dung ngudn nhan lye cua dia phuang, dua ra nhiing chinh sach uu dai ttong vay vdn, hd ttg, hudng dan hoan thi^n thu tuc vay vdn.
Ddi vdi cac ca sd phyc vu an udng.
cac ca quan quan ly can tang cudng cdng tac kiem tta ve sinh an toan thyc pham.
Dia phuang la dau mdi ttong viec hop nhat phuang thuc kinh doanh lay tieu chi an toan ve sinh thue pham lam hang dau ddi vdi cac ca sd. Chinh quyen dia phuong can xay dyng chien luge ve phat trien am thuc dia phuang phyc vu du lich. Do dd, cac ca sd an uong tap trung khai thac cae mdn an ddng que, nhftng mdn an dac san cua dia phuang, khuyen khich, dinh hudng den viec che bien cac mdn an theo each thuc tmyen thdng xua, boat ddng nay khdng nhftng gin gift net rieng ttong an udng cua con ngudi nai day ma nd gop phan tao ra nhimg dac tnmg rieng biet, tao dau an cho du khach.
2.3.3. Ndng cao chdt lugng ngudn nhdn luc phuc vu hogt dgng du lich
Hien nay ngudn nhan luc phyc vu trong du Hch cua Kiln Thuy cdn nhieu han che, can cd nhftng giai phap manh me tiing budc hoan thien va nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan lye.
Trudc bet, phdng van hda thdng tin huyen Kien Thyy can bd sung cac hudng dan vien tai cac diem di tich ciia nha Mac (Trong eac di tich cua nha Mac tai Kien Thuy, ngoai khu tUdng niem Vuong tiieu Mac cd ban quan ly cung nhu" cac chuyen vien ve Van hda, Du lich cdn lai hau het cac dl tich chi co mpt ngudi quan ly), gdp phdn phuc vu hieu qua nhu cdu tham quan va tim hieu ciia du khach.
Phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen Kien Thuy can phdi hpp vdi cac co sd dao tao du lich ttong va ngoai thanh phd Hai Phdng md cac ldp tap huan ve cdng tac quan ly, bao tdn di tich, boat dpng hudng dan tai cac di tich nha Mac cho can bd, nhan vien.
Kiln Thuy edn chit trgng trong khau tuyin chgn dpi ngu nhan vien phuc vu tai
cac di tich nha Mac, uu tien myen chpn nhimg con em dia phuang khi hp dupe dao tao chuyen sau ve van hda, du lich. Bdi le, hp la nhiing ngudi cd ehuyen mdn, nghiep vy, va la nhirng ngudi con cua que hucmg nen hp cd sy am hieu sau sac ve van hda, lich sft dia phucmg minh.
Kien Thuy cat eft nhan vien quan ly, nhan vien lam viec tai cac di tich tham gia cac ldp bdi dudng chuy8n mdn, tham gia cac ldp hpc ngoai ngft nhdt la tilng Anh. Bdi ttong xu hudng phat trien nhu hien nay, se cd nhieu doan khach trong nude va ngoai nude den tham quan. Do do, viec dao tao dpi ngu hudng dan vien gidi ve nghi8p vu va ngoai ngft la cdng viec can thiet hien nay.
De phat trien du lich mang tinh ben viing, ca quan chuyen trach ve Van hda va Du lich Kiln Thuy cin xay dung phuang an de lien ket va thdng nhdt phuang thuc kinh doanh ddi vdi cac ca sd kinh doanh luu tni va an uong, hudng cac co sd tten den mdi trudng kinh doanh lanh manh, tao uy tin va bao ve quyen Ipi ngudi tieu dimg. Ho?it dpng nay khdng chi tao nen mdi trudng du Hch ben vftng, ma lau dan se tao nen uy tin, nilm tin ciia du khach ddi vdi cac ca sd djch vu cua huyen Kien Thyy.
2.3.4. Tdng cudng cdc hogt dgng xiic tiin qudng bd du lich cua dia phuong
De lam tdt cdng tac quang ba du lich, phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen Kien Thyy can dau tu, xay dyng chien lupc quang cao mdt each bai ban, ddng bd qua he thdng cac poster, banner quang cao trong va ngoai huyen; tan dung tdi da cac phuang tien tmyIn thdng, cac td gap... Dac bi8t can chu ttpng quang ba tten nen tang iing dyng intemet, dang tai cac bai viet, video gidi thieu ve cae di tich, van hda lich su cung nhu cac boat dpng Hen quan nham cung cap TAP CHi KHOA HQC, SO 33, THANG 3/20191 39
thdng tin va kich cau boat ddng tham quan tir du khach.
3. KET LUAN
Cum di tich nha Mac d Kien Thuy, Hai Phdng la cdng trinh cd nhieu gia tri van bda-licb su, hien nay cum di tich nay dang thu hut khach du lich ttong va ngoai nude.
Tuy nhien, ca sd vat chat ky thuat phuc vy viec khai thac cac gia tri van boa - lich sft cua cym di tich vao phuc vy du lich chua dat dugc bleu qua diing vdi gia tri cua di tich. Gia tri kinh t l cua cum di tich mang lai cho huyen Kien Thyy, thanh phd Hai Phdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
2.
3.
khdng Idn. De co thi thu hiit du khach, td chftc cac boat ddng du lich hieu qua, eac ca quan quan ly vl ITnh vyc du lich cua huyen Kiln Thuy va thanh phd Hai Phdng cdn phai hoach dinh cac chien luge phat tiien du lich, lien ket vdi cac nha dau tu du lich, tang cudng cac boat ddng quang ba, xiic tien du lich va ddu m phat triln ngudn nhan lye phyc vy du lich cd tinh chuyen nghiep, tang cudng my6n trayen nhan dSn dia phucmg vl cac gia tti ciia cym di tich, ve gift gin va ton tao di tich phuc vy cho cac boat ddng giao dye lieh sft cho the he tte va phyc vy khai thac ttong boat dpng du lich.
Nguyin Cdng Ba (2012), Lich su vdn hda Viet Nam, NXB Thuan Hda, Hue.
Trin Lam Biln (1996), Chita Viet Nam, NXB Van hda Thdng tin. Ha Ndi.
Ban tdn giao thanh iiy Ha Npi, (2015), Vuong triiu Mgc vdi su nghiep canh tdn ddt nuac, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
4. Nguyin Dmh Nam (1996), Vdn hda Hdi Phdng, NXB Hai Phdng, Hai Phong.
5. Nguyen Ngoc Thao, Ngo Dang Lpi, Le Thi Loan, (2001-2002), Mdt sd di sdn vdn hoa Hdi Phdng, NXB Hai Phdng.
6. Dinh Khic Thuin, (2001), Lich sic thu tich Mgc qua thu tich vd vdn bia, NXB Khoa hpc Xahgi Ha Ngi, Ha Npi.
7. Nguyin Van Son (1997), Di sdn thdi Mgc viing Duong Kinh Hdi Phdng, NXB Khoa hpc xahdi. Ha Npi.
8. Phdng Van hda - Thdng tin huyen Kiln Thyy (2017), Di dnphdt triin du lich huyen Kiin Thuy den ndm 2025, ngay 17 thang 8 nam 2017.
40 TRirdNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
