NGHIEN C U T U U L U A N
To chiifc day hpc cac van ban van hpc dan gian Viet Nam (Ngiif van i o , tap 1) theo mo hinh Idp hpc tfao ngifdc vdi sU ho trd cua nen tang web 2.0
Pham Thi Thanh PhUdng', Ton Quang Cililng^
^ Email [email protected] ' Email. cuongtq@vnu edu vn
TnlOng D31 hpc GlSo dgc, Dai Hoc Qufic gia Ha Npi 144 XuSn TtiLiy, Ouan Cau Giay, Hi NOi, Vi?t Nam
TOM TAT: Md hinh Idp hgc dio ngugc li sU "dio ngugc" so vdi Idp hgc truy4n thong vi tiin trinh, mgc tieu, cich thUc dgy hgc, vai trd cija ngudi dgy vi ngui^
hgc vdi mdt dgng y va chiin luge suphgm khoa hgc, hi$n dgi. Vdi stf phit tridn cua cdng nghi thdng tin, viic dng dung nin ting vi/eb 2.0 di xiy dgng Idp htfc true tuyin dd ho trg vd phit huy rit nhieu Uu diim vugt trdi cua Idp hpc dio ngugc. DUa tren ca sd liludn ve md hinh Idp hgc dio ngugc, nen ting web 2.0 va ddc trUng van hgc dan gian, bdi viit di xuit mgt cdch ti chUc dgy hgc cic vdn bin vdn hgc ddn gian Viet Nam (NgQ vdn 10, tdp 1) theo md hinh Idp hpc dio nguge vdi sU ho trg cOa nin ting web 2.0, tU dd ning cao chit lugng d^y hoc Ngii van trong thdi dai Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
TLf KHOAi Ldp hoc 6^0 ngifdc; day hoc tri/c t u y e n ; web 2 . 0 ; day hoc v ^ n hpc ddn gian; Ngd van 10.
•^ Nfian bii 23/6/2019 •> Nh|n ket qua phSn bi^it vS chinh sila 10/7/2019 •* Duy^t Mng 25/8/2019.
1. D|t vSn de
Theo mo hinh lop hpc truydn thong (MHLHTT), thai gian tren lop mpt gio day hpc Ngu v§n, giao vien (GV) se phai phan bo de giai quyet cac nhi?m vu chinh: Hinh thanh kien thuc moi, luy^n t^p, ciing co bai hpc. Trong khuon kho thai gian eo h?p 45 phut mot tiet hpc, that kho de GV thoat khoi cong thiic "mpt mo hinh phu h^p cho tat ca"- he qua la hpc sinh (HS) de roi vao trgng thai hpc bj dpng, khong phat huy dupfc nSng lire ca nhan, de co tam li "bupc phai nghe giang"
hon la "muon biet nhihig thii minh can", ho$c khong thay sg huu ich ciia mon hpc doi vdi ban than. Vay, tai sao chdng ta khong thii thay doi tr|it tg, chuydn dich khong gian, thcri gian, trpng tam myc dich ciia lop hpc truyen thong (LHTT), biing cong nghe de vi?c hpc tra nen linh hoat, nSng dpng, tich c\rc va "ca nhan hoa" han? Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi de xuat xay d\mg mpt quy trinh to chiic day hpc mon Ngii van theo mo hinh lop hpc dao ngupc (MHLHDN) vcri sg ho tr(; ciia nen tang web 2.0, qua trucmg hpp cac van ban vSn hpc dan gian Viet Nam (VBVHDGVN) {Ngir vdn 10.
tgp 1). Nghien cuu ndy dugc tai trg bdi Trirdfng Dgi hgc Gido dfic - Bgi hgc Quoe gia Hd .\pi trong di tdi ma sd QS. 18.02.
2. N$l dung nghi&n cufu 2.1. Mot so van deh'luan 2.1.1. hAo hinh Idp hpc dao ngddc a Khdi niem md hinh lap hge ddo nguge
Nam 2000, khai ni^m vk MHLHDN dupe de xuit bai Lage va cac cpng s\r (vdi thu^t ngii "the inverted class- room"). Theo do, lop hpc dao ngupc (LHDN) dupe diln
giai don gian 1^ "cdc cong viec thuc hi^n 0 trong ldp hpc tmygn thfing thi bay gia se th\rc hi$n 6 ngoai ldp hpc v4 ngupc lai" [1, tr.32]. Tuy chira dgi di$n mOt each day du cho nhiing gl cdc nha nghien cim dang xay dung ve LHDN, bdi dinh nghia nay chi don gian la vi?c sap xep lai cic ho^I dpng a tren lap vd a nha, nhung nd da noi den van tie cc ban ciia khdt niem: Do la su dao ngupc each to chiic d^y hpc theo tniyen thong. "Sir "dao ngupc" a day dupe hieu 14 su thay doi v6i eac dyng y va chien luac su phgra the hi^n 0 each trien khai cdc npi dung, muc tieu day hpc vd cac ho?l dpng day hpc khdc voi cdch truyen thong truac ddy cua ngudi day va ngudi hpc" [2, tr.2].
Co thg mo td cy the hem su khdc bi?t ve hoat dpng d?y hpc giiia LHTT vd LHDN nhu sau: Trong LHTT, ngucn hpc sg duac nghe gidng bai va sau d6 lam bai tap thyc hdnh tai Idp hoae tai nha de xii 11 thong tin va tiep nh|n kien thtrc. Ngupe Igi, d6i voi LHDN, ngudi hpc sfi phdi ty ldm vi?c vcri bdi gidng trudc thong qua dpc tai lipu, tdm tSt tai lipu, nghe gidng qua cac phuang tien ho trp nhu bSng hinh.
trinh chieu PowperPoint va khai thdc tai li?u tren mgng Bai gidng tra thanh bai tap a nha ma ngucri hpc phdi chufin hi trudc khi len lop. Toan bp thai gian tren ldp sfi ddnh cho hoat dpng giai bdi tap, ting dyng li thuyet vdo giai quyfit van de, thao lugn nhom dudi sy hudng dan ciia GV.
Nhu vay, sir "dao ngupc" ve tien tiinh cdc hogt dpng d^y hpe ciia LHDN so vdi LHTT da dan toi mpt sy "ddo ngupc"
vk miic dp nhgn thiic theo thang do gom 6 bgc ciia Bloom (tir thdp ddn cao Id: Ghi nhd, thong higu, \ an dyng, phto tieh, ddnh gid va sang tgo): 6 LHDN, 3 miie dp dku dirpc HS thyc hipn d nhd nhd nhang bdng ghi hinh hudng din 86 TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VlfT NAM
Pham Thi Ttianti PhUdng. Tfin Quang CUdng
Ilia GV; thdi gian d ldp, GV va HS se cung Idm viec nhdm lat ba bgc thang sau cua nhan thuc (didu nay nguoc lai vdi ..HTT: Thdi gian 6 lap chii yiu ehi dat dupe d 3 mtie dp Idu, con Igi phu thupe vao no luc tu hoe, nghien ciiu d nha :ua HS). Chinh su "ddo ngupc" dy da tao ra mot su bi6n ddi iau sac ve "chat" eiia mo hinh ldp hpc mdi nay.
b. Ifu diem cua md hinh lap hgc dao ngugc Tha manh eua LHDN dupe khdng dinh khi nd khdc phuc dupe nhiing ydn dk tdn tai etia LHTT. "Vdn dk ldn nhdt ciia ldp hpc truyen thong la khdng ca nhan hoa viec hoc vk kha nang, thdi gian, phong each hpc va mang lai it nhung hoat dpng giau trdi nghiem, dpng vien va khi6n sinh vien ngay cang hi dpng" [3, tr.l2]. Hpc tap ddo ngupc se giiip chung ta giai quyet dupe nhiing van de ea ban tren:
Vdi vife thay ddi ti6n trinh day hpc, sii dimg cdng nghe ng tm (CNTT) de ho tra gidng day nham thuc ddy qua trinh hgc tap d ben ngoai Idp hpc, mdt mat MHLHDN phat trien nang luc ty hpe eiia HS, mat khac nd tgo ea hdi nhiSu han cho cde hoat dong thao ludn, tuang tac, hd trp tren Idp giUa GV-HS, HS-HS, tu do dich chuyen nhiem vu hpc tap sang cac bac cao theo thang do Bloom.
Do moi trudng hpe tap linh hoat, mang tinh tucmg tac cao, nen mo hinh nay tao ca hpi cho viec ca nhan hoa qua trinh hpc tap (ve kha nang, thdi gian, thai d6, hanh vi va sd thich hpe tap eiia moi ea nhan ngudi hpc), tu do tgo ra moi trudng hpc thuc hpc (deep leaming), hoc ed y nghia (mean- ingful leaming), chii dpng, tich cyc han cho HS.
LTU diem nay eiia MHLHDN se dupe phdt huy tdi da neu GV thiSt ke dugc mot quy trinh, kich ban day hpe tdi iru.
c. Cdu tnie eua md hinh ldp hoe ddo ngugc Xet theo khdng gian ldp hpc, MHLHDN bao gdm hai phiin chinh: Cac bai giang, chi din cho HS hoc tap cd nhan ben ngodi ldp hpe (tai hai thdi diem: Trude vd sau gid hpc tren ldp) va cac hogt dpng hpc tap tuang tac tren ldp. Vi thk, LHDN Id mpt trong nhiing dgng thiie cua hpc tap ket hop (blended-leaming/b-leaming). Theo thdi gian, bai gidng, chi ddn ciia GV ben ngodi ldp hoc ngay cang hien dai, tang tinh tuang tac vd hieu qud do su phdt trian ciia CNTT (cde phdn m^m, n^n tang web). Tu eho ehi dupe luu lai d cde dia CD, eac file tren may tinh va giii Email hogc in tai lieu phdt tay cho HS, gid day ede bai giang da duoc luu trfin mang tryc tuygn, vdi cde hinh thiic tuang tac vd quan li trong ldp hpc da dang, giau tinh nang ban rdt nhidu. Trong bdi vidt tiay, chiing tdi mudn dk cgp dSn viec xay dung MHLHDN vcfi su h6 trp ciia ndn tang web 2.0,
2.1.2. N i n tang web 2.0
a. Khdi nigm, dge diem ciia web 2.0
Theo Wikipedia, web 2.0 la mpt xu hudng trong thiet ca vd phat trian web - thd he 2 cua chudn web va cde dich /y luu trii md myc dfch la nhSm tdi nhung thuan ti^n rong viee chia se, hpp tde vd sang tao giiia ede ngudi
dimg. Nan tdng web 2.0 tao ra budc ngoat mdi so vdi nen tang web 1.0 d su linh hoat va lay ngudi diing lam trung tam, vi nd duac thiet ke vd phdt trian da tao dieu kien cho cpng dong mgng dupe chia se, ddng gdp, chinh sira thong tin; Tang khd nang tuang tac vd hpp tde tren World Wide Web ma khdng dimg lai d viec chi duyet va xem nhu tha he web 1.0.
b. Vai tro ciia web 2.0 trong dgy hoc theo mo hinh l&p hgc ddo ngugc
Trong bdi canh thdi dai edng nghiep 4.0,web 2.0 khdng chi thudn tuy giii vai tro la cong cu CNTT ma cdn tao ra mpt khuynh hudng day hpe: Day hpe true tuyan, day hoc ket ndi da phuong tien,... LHDN vdi su hd tra ciia nen tdngweb 2.0 se co nhiing kha nang noi trdi sau: Cung cdp ngudn tn thicc, hpe lieu da phucmg tien, phong phu va hdp dan eho ngudi hpc; Tang khd nang tuang tde, giao tiep vd hap tde: Bao gom tuong tac giiia ngudi hpc va website, tuong tde giiia ngudi hpc va ngudi dgy, giiia ngudi hpc va ngudi hoc,... thiie ddy su hpp tac, chia se y tudng hpc tap va chia se ngudn tdi nguyen cho nhau; Qudn II qud trinh hpe tap hieu qud: Day Id tinh nang vupt trdi ciia web 2.0 bdi vdi nhieu phan mem hien dgi, GV cd the nam bdt dupe eac thong tin rat eu the va chinh xde ve tirag ngudi hpc {vc thdi gian hpc tap, diam so, nhiing vudng mdc cua ngudi hpc ben ngoai ciing nhu ban trong khong gian ldp hpc), tir do co nhiing phan hoi va dieu chinh kip thdi cho HS.
Cd rat nhiau img dung phan mem tren nen tdng web 2.0 ed the dupe sir dung trong MHLHDN (Edmodo, Google Classroom,..). Trong khudn kho bai nghien edu ndy, chiing toi sir dung phan mem Moodle de thiet ke bdi hpc theo MHLHDN.
2.1.3. Dac trUng van hpc ilan gian
Cdc van ban van hpe ddn gian (VHDG) Viet Nam trong SGK NgU vdn 10, tap 1 khd phong phii vk thk loai, tieu bidu eho bd phan VHDG eua nen van hpc Viet Nam. Chitng mang nhiing dac tnmg chung eua VHDG trong cai nhin chinh the nhu sau:
- Tinh nguyen hgp: Dd Id sy chua tach rdi giiia hoat dpng ddi sdng thue tien vdi sinh hogt van hpc, giiia cac loai hinh nghe thuat trong tdng the folklore.
- Tinh thuc hdnh: Ngoai muc dich thdm mi, cac tde phdm VHDG edn cd mpt muc dich khdc quan trpng hon la nhdm ddp img mdt yeu cau, nhu cdu thiet thyc ndo dd ma cudc sdng sinh hogt thudng ngay ddt ra cho con ngudi.
- Tinh tap thi - truyin mieng: La sang tao ciia nhieu ngudi, thuQc nhiSu thk he, qua nhiing thdi gian, khdng gian khdc nhau, dupe tap the dan gian luu truyan, sang tgo them.
He qua quan trpng ciia dgc trung ndy Id tinh dj bdn.
Nhu vay,VHDG vira la mpt bp mdn nghp thuat ngdn tir, vua la mpt thanh td hflru ca ciia van hda dan gian. Do dd, ngudi day khdng nen ddng nhdt phuang phdp day hpc VHDG vdi van hpc viet, tuc Id qua chu trpng phan tieh Stf 20 thdng 8/2019 87
NGHigN cOru Li L U A N
To chulc day hpc cac van ban van hpc dan gian Viet Nam (Ngii van i o , tap 1) theo mo hinh ldp hpc dao ngifdc vdi sU ho trd cua nen tang web 2.0
Pham Thi Thanh Phirdng\ Ton Quang CUdng'
' Email, [email protected]
^ Email: ciiongtq@vnu edu vn
Tnfdng D^i hpc Gido due, O^i hpc QJ6C gia Ha NOi 144XuSn Thiiy, Quan Cau Gi^y, Hi Npi, Vigt Nam
TOM TAT: Md hinh Idp hgc dio ngUdc Id stf "dio ngUgc" so vdi Idp hgc truy4n thing ve tiin trinh, mtfc tidu, cdch thdc dgy hgc, vai trd cua ngUdi day vd nguiS hgc vdi mgt dung y vd chien lugc sUpham khoa hgc, hien dgi. Vdi stf phit triin cua cdng nghe thdng tin. viec Ung dung nen ting web 2.0 dixdy dtfng Idp /ipc trtfc tuyin di hi trg vd phit huy rat nhiiu Uu diem vUgt trdi cua Idp hgc dio ngugc. Dtfa trdn casd liludn vi md hinh Idp hgc dio ngugc, nin ting webZ.O va ddc trung vdn hgc din gian, bii viit de xuit mdt cich ti chCtc dgy hgc cic vdn bin van hgc dan gian Vidt Nam (NgU vdn 10, tdp 1) theo md hinh Idp hgc dio ngugc vdi stf ho trg cua nin ting web 2.0, tU dd ndng cao chit lUgng d^y hpc NgQ vdn trong thdi dgi Cdch mgng cdng nghi$p 4.0.
lis KHOA. Ldp hoc eio ngiTelc; day hpc t r i l c l u y e n ; web 2 . 0 ; d ^ y hpc v d n hpc ddn gian; NgO van 10.
•> Nhgn bai 23/6/2019 •> Nhan ket quS pMn hien va chinh site 10/7/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/8/2019.
1.D$tv^ndg
(Theo md hinh Idp hpc truyen thdng (MHLHTT), thdi gian tren ldp mpt gid day hpc Ngii vdn, gido vien (GV) se phdi
^han bd de gidi quyat cac nhipm vu chfnh: Hinh thdnh kien thuc mdi, luypn tap, eiing eo bdi hpc. Trong khuon khd thdi eo h?p 45 phiit mpt tiet hpe, thgt khd da GV thodt khdi lg thiic "mdt md hinh phii h(:T3 cho tdt cd"- h? qud Id hpc sinh (HS) de roi vao trang thai hpc hi dpng, khdng phdt huy dupe ndng l\rc cd nhan, de cd tam li "budc phai nghe gidng"
hon Id "mudn biet nhung thii minh can", hodc khong thdy SV huu ieh eiia mdn hpc doi vdi bdn thdn. Vgy, tgi sao ehiing ta khdng thii thay ddi trat hr, chuyen djch khdng gian, thdi gian, trpng tdm myc dich ciia ldp hpc truyen thdng (LHTT), bdng cdng ngh^ da viec hpc trd nan linh boat, ndng dpng, tich eye va "cd nhdn hoa" hern? Trong bdi viet ndy, chiing tdi de xuat xdy d\mg mpt quy trinh td chiic day hpc mdn Ngii vdn theo md hinh ldp hpc dao nguae (MHLHDN) vdi sg hd trp ciia nan tdng web 2,0, qua trudng hpp cac van bdn vfin hpe ddn gian Vi?t Nam (VBVHDGVN) {Ngir vdn 10.
tgp 1). Nghiin ciiru ndy dirge tdi trg bdi Tnrdng Bgi hgc Gido dfic - Bgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi trong di tdi md sd QS.18.02.
2. N p i d u n g n g h i e n ciiru 2.1. M$t so van deh luan 2.1.1. Mo hinh ldp hpc d^o ngUdc a. Khdi niem md hinh Idp hgc ddo nguge
Nfim 2000, khai nipm vk MHLHDN dupe de xudt bdi Lage va cac cpng sy (\di thugt ngtf "the inverted class- room"). Theo dd, ldp hpc ddo ngupc (LHDN) dupe diln
gidi dan gidn Id "cdc cdng viec thyc hipn d trong Idp hpc huySn thdng thi bdy gid se thyc hipn d ngodi Idp hpc va ngupc lai" [I, tr.32]. Tuy ehua dgi di^n mpt each day dii cho nhiing gi cdc nha nghien ciiu dang xay dyng ve LHDN, bdi dinh nghTa nay chi dan gian la viec sfip xep Igi cdc ho?t dpng d tren Idp vd d nhd, nhung nd da ndi den vdn de co bdn eiia khdi ni?m: Do Id sy ddo ngupc cdch to chiic day hpe theo truyen thdng. "Sir "dao ngupc" d day dupe hieu 14 sy thay doi vdi cac dung y va ehien lupc su pham the hi?D d cdch trian khai eac npi dung, myc tieu dgy hpe vd cdc hojit dpng dgy hpe khdc vdi each tmyen thdng trudc day ciia ngudi dgy va ngudi hpc" [2, tr.2].
Co the md ta cu tha hem su khdc biet ve hogt dpng d^
hpc giiia LHTT vd LHDN nhu sau: Trong LHTT, ngyoi hpe se dupe nghe giang bdi va sau dd Idm bdi tgp thyc hanh tai Idp hoac tgi nhd de xii li thong tin va tiep nhgn kicn thiic, Ngupc Igi, ddi voi LHDN, ngudi hpc se phdi ty ldm vi?e vdi bai gidng trudc thdng qua dpc tai lipu, tdra tdi tii lipu, nghe gidng qua cdc phucmg lien ho trp nhu bdng hinh, trinh chiau PowperPoint vd khai thdc tai lipu tren mgng.
Bdi gidng trd thdnh bdi tap d nhd ma ngudi hpc phai chub bi tnrde khi len ldp. Todn bp thdi gian tren Idp sfi ddnh cho hoat ddng gidi bai tap, iing dyng li thuylt vao gidi quyet van da, thdo lugn nhdm dudi sg hudng dan ciia GV.
Nhu vdy, sy "ddo ngupc" ve tien trinh cac hogt dpng dfy hpc ciia LHDN so vdi LHTT dfi dan tdi mpt sy "dao ngupc"
va miic dp nhgn thuc theo thang do gom 6 bgc ciia Bloom (hi thdp dan cao la: Ghi nhd. thong hieu, \ an dyng. phan tieh. danh gia vd sdng tgo): C( LHDN. 3 muc dp ddu dirpc HS thyc hipn d nhd nhd nhiing bfing ^ hmh hudng dw
TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Pham Thi Thanh Phi((Jng, T8n Quang Ct/9ng
;iia GV; thdi gian d Idp, GV va HS se ciing Idm viec nhdm tat ba bdc thang sau eiia nhdn thuc (diSu ndy ngupc Igi vdi .HTT: Thdi gian d ldp ehii yau chi dgt dupe d 3 mue dp l k , edn lai phy thuoc vdo n6 lyc tu hpe, nghien cuu d nha
;ua TIS). Chinh su "dao ngupe" dy da tao ra mpt su biln d6i idu sae ve "ehdt" eiia md hinh Idp hpc mdi nay.
b. Uu diem cita md hinh lap hge ddo ngugc Thk manh eua LHDN dugc khdng dinh khi nd khdc phuc 3uac nhiing vdn da t6n tai eua LHTT. "Vdn da Idn nhdt cua ldp hpc truyan thdng la khdng ca nhdn hda viec hpc vk kha nang, thdi gian, phong each hpe va mang Iai it nhiing hoat 30ng giau trdi nghiem, ddng vien va khiln sinh vien ngay :ang bi dpng" [3, tr.l2]. Hpc tap dao ngupc se giup chiing ta gidi quyat dupe nhung van dk ca ban tren:
- Vdi viec thay ddi tiln trinh dgy hpc, sir dung cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) de hd trp gidng day nhdm thue ddy qua trinh hpc tap d ban ngodi ldp hpe, mdt mat MHLHDN phat trien nang lue tu hpe eiia HS, mat khac nd tgo eo hdi nhilu ban cho cdc hoat dpng thao luan, tuong tac, hd trg tren ldp giO'a GV-HS, HS-HS, tir dd dich chuyen nhiem vu hpc tap sang eae bde eao theo thang do Bloom.
- Do mdi trudng hpe tap Unh hoat, mang tinh tuang tac cao, nan md hinh nay tao ca hpi cho viec ca nhan hda qua trinh hpc tap (ve kha ndng, thdi gian, thai dp, hanh vi va sd thieh hpc tap ciia moi ed nhdn ngudi hpe), tir dd tao ra moi trudng hpe thuc hoc (deep leaming), hpe cd y nghia (mean- ingful learning), chu ddng, tich cue hon cho HS.
l/u diem nay cua MHLHDN se duge phdt huy toi da neu GV thilt kl dupe mot quy trinh, kich ban day hoc tdi uu.
c. Cdu true cua md hinh lap hoc ddo ngugc Xet theo khong gian Idp hpc, MHLHDN bao gdm hai phin chinh: Cac bai gidng, ehi dan cho HS hpc tap ca nhan ben ngodi Idp hpe (tgi hai thdi diam: Tnrdc vd sau gid hpe tren ldp) va cac hoat ddng hpc tap tuong tac tren tdp. Vi the, LHDN Id mpt trong nhimg dang thiie eiia hpc tap kit hop (blended-leaming/b-Ieaming). Theo thdi gian, bdi gidng, chi ddn eua GV ban ngodi Idp hpc ngay cang hign dgi, tdng tinh tuang tde vd hieu qua do sy phdt triin ciia CNTT (cde phdn mim, nln tang web). Tir eho chi dugc Iuu lai d cac dia CD, eac file tren may tinh vd giii Email hoac in tai lieu phat tay cho HS, gid day eac bai giang da dugc luu tren mang tryc tuyin, vdi ede hinh thiic tuang tac vd quan li trong Idp tipc da dang, gidu tinh nang han rdt nhilu. Trong bdi viet idy, chiing tdi mudn dk cgp din vipc xdy dyng MHLHDN
^di sy hd trp eua nen tdng web 2.0.
2.1.2. N^n tang web 2.0
a. Khdi niem, dge diem eua web 2.0
Theo Wikipedia, web 2.0 la mgt xu hudng trong thiet cl vd phdt triin web - thi he 2 cua chudn web vd cac djeh
^y luu tra ma myc dich la nhfim tdi nh&ng thudn tien rong vi?c chia se, hpp tac va sdng tgo giua eac ngudi
dung. Nen tdng web 2.0 tao ra budc ngoat mdi so vdi nan tang web 1.0 d su linh hogt va lay ngudi dimg Iam trung tam, vi nd dugc thilt kl vd phdt trian da tao dieu kien eho cdng dong mang dupe chia se, ddng gdp, chinh siia thdng tin; Tang kha nang tucmg tac vd hgp tde tran World Wide Web ma khdng dimg Iai d viec chi duyet va xem nhu the he web 1.0.
b. Vai tro cita web 2.0 trong dgy hoe theo mo hinh lap hgc dao nguge
Trong boi cdnh thdi dai cdng nghiep 4.0,web 2.0 khong chi thudn tuy giii vai tro la cdng cu CNTT ma cdn tgo ra mpt khuynh hudng day hpe: Dgy hge true tuyan, day hpe ket ndi da phuang tien,... LHDN vdi su h6 trp cua nen tdngweb 2.0 se co nhirng kha nang noi trgi sau: Cung edp nguon hi thirc, hoc lieu da phuang tien, phong phii vd hap dan eho ngudi hpc; Tang khd nang tirang tac, giao tiep va hgp tae: Bao gom tuang tde giiia ngudi hge vd website, tucmg tac gida ngudi hgc vd ngudi day, giua ngudi hgc va ngudi hpc,... thuc day su hgp tac, chia se y tudng hgc tap vd chia se nguon tai nguyan cho nhau; Quan li qua trinh hgc tap hieu qua: Day la tinh nang vugt trpi ciia web 2.0 bdi vdi nhieu phan mem hien dai, GV cd the nam bat duge cac thdng tin rat cu the vd chinh xac ve timg ngudi hgc (ve thdi gian hpc tap, diem so, nhiing vudng mde ciia ngudi hgc ban ngoai cung nhu ben trong khong gian ldp hgc), tir dd cd nhirng phan hoi vd dieu chinh kip thdi eho HS
Co rat nhieu iing dung phdn mem tren nan tang web 2.0 CO thi dupe Sli dung trong MHLHDN (Edmodo, Google Classroom,..). Trong khudn kho bdi nghien cim nay, chung toi sir dyng phdn mem Moodle da thiat ka bdi hpc theo MHLHDN.
2.1.3. flac trifng van hpc dan gian
Cdc van bdn van hpc dan gian (VHDG) Viet Nam trong SGK NgU vdn 10, tap I kha phong phii ve the logi, tieu bilu cho bd phdn VHDG cua nan van hpc Viet Nam. Chiing mang nhiing dgc tnmg chung ciia VHDG trong cdi nhin chinh tha nhu sau:
- Tinh nguyen hap: Do la su chua tach rdi giua hogt dpng ddi sdng thue tiln vdi smh hogt vdn hgc, giiia cdc logi hmh ngha thuat trong tdng the folklore.
- Tinh thue hdnh: Ngodi muc dich tham mi, eac tde phdm VHDG edn cd mgt muc dich khde quan trgng ban Id nhdm dap img mpt yeu cdu, nhu cau thiet thuc nao do ma cupe sdng sinh hogt thudng ngdy dfit ra cho con ngudi.
- Tinh tap thi - truyen miing: La sang tgo eiia nhilu ngudi, thugc nhieu the he, qua nhiing thdi gian, khdng gian khde nhau, dupe tap the ddn gian luu truyen, sang tao tham.
He qua quan trpng ciia ddc tnmg nay Id tinh dj ban.
Nhu vdy,VHDG vira Id mpt bg mdn nghe thugt ngdn tir, viia la mpt thanh Id hiiu ca cua vdn hda ddn gian. Do dd, ngudi day khdng nen dong nhdt phucmg phdp dgy hpc VHDG vdi vfin hgc viet, tiie Id qud ehii trpng phan tich sa 20 thdng 8/2019 87
NGHieN CCrU Ll LUAN
To chiifc day hpc cac van ban van hpc dan gian Viet Nam (Ngiil van i o , tap 1) theo mo hinh ldp hpc dao ngUdc vdi sU ho trd cua nen tang web 2.0
Pham Thj Thanh Phddng', Ton Quang Cddng^
' Email, [email protected] ' Email. cuongtq@vnu edu vn
TnJdng Dai hoc Gi^o due, Dai hgc Qudc gia HS NQI 144 Xu§n Thiiy, Qugn Cau Gi^y, Hi NOi, Vi$t Nam
TOM TAT: Md hinh Idp hgc dio ngUgc li sU "dio ngugc" so vdi ldp hgc truyin thing ve tiin trinh, mgc tieu, cich thUc dgy hoc, vai trd cua ngUdi day vi ngudi hgc vdi mdt dung y va chiin ludc suphgm khoa hgc, hidn dgi. Vdi stf phit triin cua cdng nghg thdng tin, viic Ung dung nin ting web 2.0 di xdy dtfng Idp hQc trtfe tuyin da ho trg vd phit huy rit nhiiu uu diim vUgt trdi cda Idp hgc dh ngugc. Dtfa tren ca sd li lugn vd md hinh Idp hgc dio ngugc, nen ting web 2.0 vi ddc trung vdn hgc din gian, bdi viet de xuit mit cdch ti chdc dgy hgc cic vdn bin van hgc ddn gian Viet Nam (NgO vdn 10, tip 1) theo md hinh ldp hpc dio ngugc vdi sU hS trg cua nin ting web 2.0, tU dd ning cao chit lUgng d^y hgc NgU van trong thdi dai Cdch mang cdng nghidp 4.0.
lii KHOA: Ldp hpc ddo ngiltfc; day hoc trifc tuy^n; web 2.0; day hpc vdn hqc ddn gian; Ngii vdn 1 0 .
> Nhgn bai 23/6/2019 •> Nhgn ket qud phin bi^n v i chinh site 10/7/2019 •> Ouyet dang 25/8/2019.
1. 0§t van de
Theo md hinh Idp hpc truyen thdng (MHLHTT), thdi gian tren ldp mpt gid d^y hpc Ngii vfin, giao vien (GV) sg phai phan hd dS gidi quyet cdc nhiem vu ehinh: Hinh thanh kien thiie mdi, luy?n tap, ciing cd bdi hge. Trong khudn khd thdi gian eo hpp 45 phiit mpt tiet hpc, thdt khd de GV thodt khdi cdng thiic "mdt md hinh phii hgp cho tdt cd"- he qua Id hpc sinh (HS) de rai vao tr^ng thai hpc bi dpng, khdng phdt huy dupe ndng lyc cd nhdn, de cd tdm li "budc phdi nghe gidng"
han Id "mudn biet nhiing thii minh edn", hofic khdng thdy SV hiiu ieh eiia mdn hpe doi vdi bdn thdn. Vay, tai sao chiing ta khdng thii thay ddi trat tu, chuyen dich khdng gian, thdi gian, trpng tdm muc dich cua Idp hgc truyen thdng (LHTT), bdng cong nghp d6 vife hge trd nen linh hoat, nang dgng, tieh eye va "cd nhdn hoa" han? Trong bdi viet nay, chiing tdi de xuat xay dyng mpt quy trinh td chiie diiy hpc mon Ngii vdn theo md hinh ldp hpe ddo nguge (MHLHDN) vdi sy ho trg ciia nen tang web 2.0, qua trudng hgp cdc van bdn vfin hpc dan gian Vipt Nam (VBVHDGVN) {NgU vdn 10, tgp 1). Nghien ciru ndy dugc tdi trg b&i Tnrong Bgi hge Gido d\ic - Bgi hge Qudc gia Hd Ngi trong de tdi md sS QS.18.02.
2. N$j d u n g n g h i e n CIJTU 2.1. Mpt sdvan deli luan 2.1.1. Md hinh ldp hpc ddo ngiidc a. Khdi mem md hinh ldp hgc ddo ngugc
Ndm 2000, khdi ni?m vk MHLHDN duge dg xudt bdi Lage va cac cpng sy (vdi thugt ngir "the inverted class- room"). Theo do, ldp hgc dao nguge (LHDN) dupe diln
giai dan gidn Id "cdc cdng viec thyc hipn d trong ldp hpc truyen thdng thi bay gid se thuc hien d ngodi Idp hpc vi ngupc lai" [I, tr.32]. Tuy chua dai di?n mpt each day dii eho nhiing gi ede nhd nghien eihi dang xdy dyng ve LHDN, bdi dinh nghia nay ehi dan gian Id vipc sfip xep l^i cdc hogl ddng d tren ldp va d nhd, nhung nd dd ndi den van de co bdn ciia khai nipm: Dd Id sy ddo ngupc cdch td chiic dgy hpc theo truyen thong. "Sy "ddo ngupc" d ddy dugc hieu li sy thay ddi vdi cac dung y va chien luge su pham ihk hi?n d cdeh tnen khai cac npi dung, muc tieu djiy hpc vd cdc ho?l dpng day hgc khde vdi each truygn thdng trudc ddy cia ngudi day vd ngudi hpc" [2, tr.2].
Cd the mo td cu thg hon sy khdc biet ve ho^t dpng day hpe giiia LHTT vd LHDN nhu sau: Trong LHTT, ngirai hpc sg dugc nghe gidng bai vd sau dd Idm bai t|p thyc banh tai Idp hoac tai nhd de xu Ii thdng tin va tiep nhdn Id™
thirc. Ngugc Igi, ddi vdi LHDN, ngudi hpc sg phdi ty ldm
\ iec vdi bdi giang trudc thdng qua dgc tai lipu, tdm tdt tii lipu, nghe gidng qua cac phuang tipn ho trp nhu bfing hinh, trinh chigu PowperPomt vd khai thdc tdi lipu tren mgng Bai gidng trd thanh bdi tgp d nhd ma ngudi hpc phai chuan bi trudc khi ten ldp. Todn bp thdi gian tren Idp sg ddnh cho hogt dpng gidi bdi tap, iing dyng li thuygt vao gidi quyet vin dg, thdo lugn nhdm dudi sy hudng dan ciia GV.
Nhu vgy, sy "ddo ngupc" ve tien trinh cac hogt dpng dw hpc cua LHDN so vdi LHTT dfi dan tdi mpt sy "ddo ngupc' ve miic dp nhgn thuc theo thang do gdm 6 bgc cua Bloom (tir thdp dgn cao Id: Ghi nhd, Ihong hieu. v ^ dyng. phan tieh, ddnh gid vd sdng tgo): C( LHDN, 3 muc dp ddu du?:
HS thyc hipn d nhd nhd nhiing bfing ^ hinh hudng dan
86 TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO D^C VIET NAM
Pham Thj Thanh Phiidng, Ton Quang Ci/6ng
lia GV; thdi gian d Idp, GV va HS se cung lam viee nhfim tgt ba bac thang sau ciia nhdn thire (digu ndy nguge Igi vdi .HTT: Thdi gian d Idp ehu ygu ehi dgt dugc d 3 muc dp tdu, cdn Iai phy thupe vdo nd lyc ty hgc, nghign ciiu d nhd
;ua HS). Chinh sy "ddo ngupc" dy da tao ra mot su bign ddi
;du sde ve "chdt" ciia md hinh Idp hpc mdi nay.
b. l/u diem cita md hinh ldp hgc ddo ngugc The manh ciia LHDN duge khfing dinh khi no khfic phue lupe nhQng vdn dg tdn tai cua LHTT. "Vdn dg tdn nhdt cua dp hpe truygn thdng Id khdng ca nhdn hda viec hoc vg kha ldng, thdi gian, phong each hpc va mang Igi it nhiing hogt Ipng giau trai nghipm, dpng vign va khign sinh vien ngdy :ang bj dOng" [3, tr.l2]. Hgc tap dao nguge se giiip chung a gidi quyet dupe nhung vdn dg ea bdn tren:
- Vdi vipc thay ddi tien trinh dgy hpe, su dung edng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) de hd tra giang dgy nhfim thue ddy qua trinh hpc tgp d bgn ngoai ldp hpe, mdt mat MHLHDN phdt trign ndng lyc ty hpc cua HS, mat khac nd tao ca hdi nhieu tian cho cac hogt dpng thdo luan, tucmg tac, hd trg tren ldp giiia GV-HS, HS-HS, tir dd dich chuyen nhiem vy hpe tap 5ang cdc bac cao theo thang do Bloom.
- Do mdi tnrdng hpe tgp Unh hogt, mang tinh tuang tac cao, nen md hinh nay tao ca hpi cho viec cd nhan hda qua trinh hpc tap (vg kha nfing, thdi gian, thai dp, hanh vi va sd thich hpc tgp cua mdi ed nhan ngudi hge), tir do tao ra mdi tnrdng hgc ttiye hgc (deep leaming), hpe ed y nghTa (mean- ingful leaming), chii dpng, tich eye hon cho HS.
Uu diem nay cua MHLHDN se dupe phdt huy tdi da neu GV thigt ke duge mpt quy trinh, kich ban day hgc tdi uu.
e. Cdu trde cda md hinh ldp hgc ddo ngugc Xet theo khdng gian Idp hgc, MHLHDN bao gdm hai phdn chinh: Cdc bai gidng, ehi dan cho HS hpe tap ca nhan t)gn ngoai Idp hgc (tgi hai thdi diem: Trudc vd sau gid hpc tren Idp) vd eac hogt dpng hpc tap tucmg tac trgn ldp. Vi thg, LHDN la mgt trong nhiing dgng thiic cua hgc tap ket hgp
;blended-learaing/b-leaming). Theo thdi gian, bai gidng, :hi ddn cua GV bgn ngodi Idp hpe ngdy cang hien dai, tang :inh tucmg tde vd hipu qud do sy phat trien cua CNTT (cac ihin mem, ngn tang web). Tir chd ehi dupe luu Iai d cac dia 2B, cdc file trgn may tinh vd gui Email hoae in tai lieu phdt ay cho HS, gid day ede bai gidng da dugc luu tten mgng rye tuy6n, vdi cdc hinh thiie tuang tac va qudn Ii trong ldp lpc da dgng, giau tinh ndng hon rdt nhilu. Trong bai viet lay, chiing tdi mudn dg cgp dgn vi$c xay dyng >4HLHDN '6i sy hb trg cua nen tdng web 2.0.
2.1.2. Nen tdngweb 2.0
a. Khdi m^m, dge diem cua web 2.0
Theo Wikipedia, web 2.0 la mpt xu hudng trong thigt :k va phdt tridn web - tha h? 2 ciia chudn web va cde djch
•y lim tra ma myc dich la nhdm tdi nhiing thugn tipn rong vipc chia se, hpp tde va sdng tao gifta ede ngudi
diing. Ngn tang web 2.0 tgo ra budc ngoat mdi so vdi ngn tdng web 1.0 d sy linh hogt va Idy ngudi diing lam trung tdm, vi nd dupe thigt kg va phdt trign de tao digu kien cho cpng ddng mang dugc ehia se, ddng gdp, chinh sira thdng tin; Tdng kha ndng tuong tae va hgp tde tren World Wide Web ma khdng dimg lai d viec chi duypt va xem nhu the hp web 1.0.
b. Vai trd eiia web 2.0 trong dgy hoc theo md hinh lap hge ddo nguge
Trong bdi cdnh thdi dai cdng nghiep 4.0,web 2.0 khdng chi thuan tiiy giii vai trd Id edng eu CNTT ma cdn tgo ra mpt khuynh hudng dgy hpc: Dgy hge tryc myen, day hpc ket ndi da phuang tien,... LHDN vdi sy ho trp cua ngn tdngweb 2.0 se cd nhiing khd nang ndi trdi sau: Cung cap ngudn tri thiic, hpe lieu da phucmg tien, phong phii vd hap dan cho ngudi hpc; Tdng kha nfing tucmg tde, giao tigp va hpp tac: Bao gdm tucmg tde giiia ngudi hpe va website, tucmg tac giiia ngudi hpe vd ngudi dgy, giiia ngudi hpe vd ngudi hgc,... thiie ddy sy hgp tde, ehia se y tudng hge tap va chia se ngudn tdi nguyen cho nhau; Qudn H qud trinh hpc tap hipu qua: Day Id tinh nang vugt trpi cua web 2,0 bdi vdi nhigu phan mem hien dgi, GV ed the ndm bdt duge cac thdng tin rdt ey the va ehinh xae ve tung ngudi hpe (vg thdi gian hge tgp, diem sd, nhiing vudng mde cua ngudi hpc bgn nggdi eiing nhu ben trong khdng gian Idp hpc), tir do ed nhiing phdn hdi vd dieu ehinh kip thdi eho HS.
Cd rat nhieu img dyng phdn mem tren ngn tang web 2.0 CO thg duge sir dung trong IMHLHDN (Edmodo, Google Classroom,..). Trong khudn khd bai nghign ciiu nay, chiing tdi sir dyng phdn mem Moodle dg thigt ke bai hgc theo MHLHDN.
2.1.3. Dac tri/ng van hpc dan gian
Cde vdn bdn van hge dan gian (VHDG) Viet Nam trong SGK Ngir vdn 10, tap 1 kha phong phii vg thg logi, tieu bigu cho bd phdn VHDG eua ngn vfin hpe Viet Nam. Chung mang nhihig dgc trung chung ciia VHDG ffong cdi nhin ehinh thg nhu sau:
- Tinh nguyen hgp: Dd la sy chua tach rdi giiia hoat dpng ddi sdng thyc tign vdi sinh hogt van hgc, gifla cdc loai hinh nghp thudt trong tdng thg folklore.
- Tinh thue hdnh- Ngoai muc dich thdm mi, cac tde phdm VHDG cdn cd mdt mue dich khde quan trgng han la nhfim dap ling mpt ygu cdu, nhu cdu thigt thye ndo dd ma cupe sdng sinh hogt thudng ngdy ddt ra cho con ngudi.
- Tinh tap thi - truyen mieng. La sang tao eiia nhigu ngudi, thupc nhigu thg he, qua nhiing thdi gian, khdng gian khac nhau, dugc tap thg dan gian luu truygn, sdng tgo them.
Hp qud quan ffpng cua dac tnmg nay la tinh dj bdn.
Nhu vgy.VHDG vua la mpt bg mdn nghp thugt ngdn tir, vira la mpt thdnh td huu co cua vfin hda ddn gian. Do dd.
ngudi dgy khdng ngn ddng nhdt phuang phap dgy hpc VHDG vdi vfin hge \ lei. tiic Id qud chii trpng phdn tich Sd 20 thing 8/2019 87
NGHIEN Ci;U Ll LUAN
ngdn tir cua vdn bdn ma quen mdt viec phai dat tac pham vao mdi trudng ddn gian von cd cua nd. Trong khudn khd gidi han vg khdng gian, thdi gian ciia LHTT, thgt khd de GV CO thg td chiic day hgc dugc cac van bdn VHDG theo yeu cau dac tnmg ciia nd. Vi thg, vipc td chiie day hgc cdc tac pham nay theo MHLHDN la mdt hudng di kha quan.
2.2. Thiet ke bai hpc cac van ban van hpc dan gian Vift Nam (Ngii vdn 10, tap 1) theo md hinh Idp hpc dao ngiTpc vdi sU ho trd cua nen tang web 2.0
Nhu trgn chung tdi da nhfic tdi, MHLHDN ma ehiing tdi xdy dyng se bao gdm hai phdn ehinh: Cde hoat dpng hpe tap tryc tuygn bgn ngoai ldp hpc va cac hoat dpng hpe tap tuang tde trye tiep tren Idp. Vi thg, trong phdn ndy, chiing tdi sg de cap den hai ngi dung chinh: Thiet kg ffang web hpc tgp trye tuygn vd thigt ke quy trinh day hpc.
2.2.1. Thiet ke trang web hpc tap true tuyen
Toan bp npi dung hpc tgp true tuyen eae van bdn VHDG Vipt Nam (bao gdm cde van bdn - tuang ung vdi cdc the logi tieu bieu: Chien thdng Mtao Mxdy - sii thi, Truyin An I Duang Vuong vd Mi Chdu - Trong Thuy - truygn thuygt, Tdm Cam - co tieh, Tam dai eon gd, Nhung nd phdi bang hai mdy - truyen cudi va ea dao) duge ehiing tdi xdy dyng tai dia ehi: congnghedayhoevan.vn (xem Hinh I). Ddy la website hpc tap chay trgn ngn tang Moodle vdi rat nhigu tinh nfing phong phii, de su dyng, phyc vy cho viec thigt ke ndi dung vd qudn li hoat ddng hpc tap.
Hinh 1: Giao di^n trang ehu website hgc tgp Trgn giao di?n trang chu website hpc tap ndy la bigu tupng ciia 5 the logi VHDG, tucmg iing vdi 5 Idp hpc vg cac vdn bdn VHDG Viet Nam ffong SGK Ngu vdn 10, tap I.
Trong moi Idp hpc, chung tdi thigt kg 5 ndi dung ehinh sau (day ciing la 5 ndi dung hpe tap ma HS se trdi qua ffong qud trinh ty hgc vdi web tnrde khi dgn Idp):
a. Hirdng ddn - nhigm \ni hgc tdp
Day td nhflng chi ddn ve trinh hr, each thirc thyc hipn, myc tieu can dgt trong mdi nhipm vu hpc tap. Thdng thudng HS CO 4 nhipm vy bfit bupe sau trudc khi dgn ldp: Nghien
cim bai hpc trong sdch gido khoa, xem video bai giang, lam bdi kigm ffa trde nghipm (KTTN) vd dua ra y kign thfic mdc, trao ddi ffen mye "Thdo lugn".
b. Video bdi gidng
Ddy Id cdng ey quan ttpng nhdt md GV cdn ddu tu thigt kk de HS ty hgc tgi nha. De tgo nhiing video chdt lupng, ddm bdo tieu ehi gido due - thdm mi, ehiing tdi dd thigt kg dya tten cac tieu chi sau:
- Ve dung lugng: Toi da la 10 phiit, dii dg duy tri sy t^
tmng, cudn hiit vdi HS;
- Ve ngi dung: La nhflng kien thiie co bdn, cot I6i nhdt ciia bdi hpc sao eho khi xem xong bdi gidng, HS cd the hoan thdnh dugc it nhdt 70% cau hdi neu ra ttong dg KTTN;
- Vi hinh thue: Ld mdt bai giang da phucmg tipn dg loi cuon, hap dan ngudi hgc. Trong cdc sdn phdm cua minh, chimg t6i dfi sir dung phan mgm nhu imovie hode Powtoon de thiSt ke eac video bai giang, vdi sy kgt hpp cdc hinh anh, dm thanh, elip da dgng, ffen ngn gigng ndi cua GV. Cd thg tham khao mdt video bdi gidng ve "Tdm Cam" ciia chiing tdi tgi: https:
//www.youtube.com/wateh?v=DDnk2eZoHi4&t=303s.
c. Tdi lieu
Dd la nhflng bai bdo, bai viet, doan video... cd lien quan dgn ndi dung bdi hpe vd powerpoint do GV sogn dg HS t\r nghign cuu. Cd hai dgng tdi lipu: Bdt bu$e vd tham khao thgm.Tai lieu bfit bugc Id nhiing tdi lipu vdi npi dung ca ban, thigt thyc, phuc vy trye tigp eho npi dung bdi hpc vi HS bfit bupc phdi tim hieu trude khi dgn Idp. Tdi li^u tham khdo thgm la nhung tai lieu ed npi dung kign thurc m6 rpng, nang cao, danh cho nhiing HS yeu thich mdn hpc, cd nhu cdu tim hilu sdu hem vg bai hgc. 0 myc ndy, chung tdi chii y thigt ke/suu tdm them mgt sd tdi li^u vg cdc van dg ngoai vdn ban dg phue vu cho viee tim hieu cdc vdn bin VHDG. Vi dy: Chiing tdi da thiet kg mdt elip gidi thi?u vi mdt sd net vfin hda Tay Nguygn dupe nhfic tdi ffong sir ihi Ddm Sdn, hode suu tim mdt clip ve le hpi Cd Loa de pb\ic vu cho day hpc tmyen thuygt Truyin An Dutmg Vuong vi Mi Chdu - Trgng Thuy...
Bgn cgnh dd, chung tdi edn cung cdp nhiing di bdn vi thdng tin lien quan eua cac tac pham VHDG dirpc hpc trong saeh gido khoa (Vi dy, cac tmyen cd tieh tren the gidi cd motip me ghe - eon chdng gidng nhu Tdm Cdnii dk HS md rpng, ndng cao kign thiic. Cde ngudn tdi li^
phong phu ndy cua Idp hgc tryc myen dd ho ttp rdt nhieu ttong day hpc cde van ban VHDG theo diing ddc tnmg thf loai ciia nd.
d Bdi kiem tra
Day la cdc bai kigm tra tryc tuygn dg kigm tra kign thiic HS da hpe, dugc xay dyng dudi dgng cau hdi trfic n ^ i ^ khach quan (TNKQ), d$t gidi hgn thdi gian lam bdi vi thdng bdo thdi han hodn thdnh. qua hgn HS s« khdng tniy cap dugc myc ndy dg Idm bdi. Cd 2 logi bki kiem tra img vdi 88 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Pham Thj Thanh PhiiOng, Ton Quang Ciidng
hoi diem lam bai cua HS: Bai kigm tta ffude khi dgn ldp, 1 yeu kiem tta kign thirc ca bdn HS ty hoc dupe qua sach 0 khoa, video bdi gidng va bai kigm tra sau gid hgc tten , kiem ffa tdng hgp kign thflc vdi mirc dp tir ca ban dgn lg cao ma HS thu nhgn duge sau qua hinh hgc tten Idp d nha (ttong do ed cd viec ty dgc tdi lieu tham khdo them GV cung cap tten mgng). Sii dung phdn mgm Moodle, ' cd the xem ket qua bdi lam cua tung em vd thdng kg kgt i ciia cd ldp dudi dang bieu dd, vg digm sd hofic sd lupng l- trd ldi dung, sai timg cau.
•Jgodi ra, he thdng con luu trfl lai tdt cd dilm sd cde bai
;m tra ciia ngudi hpe ttong ed qud ttinh. Ddy la nhung dfl u giiip GV vd ed HS danh gia dugc kit qud hgc tap ciia udi hpc, hi dd cd nhung kg hoach digu chinh day hgc pli.
?. Trao ddi - thdo ludn
Day la myc dl HS chia se cong khai nhung thde mde, y :n rieng eiia minh vl npi dung bai hpe cho GV vd ede HS eimg suy nghT, thao Iuan. Se ed 2 thdi dilm eho HS ng cac y kign eua minh:
Trudc gid hgc tren lap: GV se tao ehii de "Cac cdu hdi ie mae/vdn de ehua hieu khi chuan bj bdi" vd HS se dua c cdu hdi/van de eua minh trong fomm (dien ddn) do.
iflng cau hdi/vdn dg ndy se duge gidi ddp, thdo Iuan trong i hpc ffgn ldp;
Sau gid hge tren ldp: HS se ehii dpng dfing cdc thfic ic/van dg chua ro hogc mudn tim higu sdu ban Ign chu dg nh ty tao, GV va cac HS ttong Idp sS tryc tiep "phflc dap"
mg forum dd. Sy chdt Iai kign thflc se do chinh HS "dang n" chgn Ige vd due ket.
Dign dan ffgn web (bgn cgnh kgt qua lam bai KTTN) rdc gid hpc ttgn Idp la ca sd dg GV lya ehpn npi dung y hpc ffen ldp cho phu hgp vdi trinh dg, nhu cdu va dac im cua HS (xem Hinh 2).
; I
ih 2: Muc "Trao ddi, thdo ludn " Irong ldp hgc truygn ed J "Tdm Cam"
.2.2. Thiet k^ quy trinh day hpc cdc vdn b^n vdn hpc ddn gian
<giJ van 10, tdp 1) theo mo hinh Icfp hpc dio ngifdc au khi dd xay dyng dugc ttang web hpc t|p ttyc tuyin.
quy trinh day hpc dupe chung tdi xay dyng gdm 3 giai doan sau: Tmdc gid hge tten lgp, gid dgy hge tten ldp vd sau gid hgc trgn Idp,
a. Trude gid hgc tren lap
Day la giai dogn ty hge d nhd ciia HS qua website hgc tap tryc tuyen. Viee quan ttpng ciia GV ttong giai dogn ndy Id phai cd nhiing hudng dan tu hpc cu thg, hop Ii, kich thieh dupe hung thu ty nghign ciru ciia HS va phai qudn Ii duge vipe ty hpe do cua HS. LHDN cd thanh cdng hay khdng phy thugc rdt Idn vao giai doan nay, vi the viec day hpc can tign hdnh iheo cac bude sau:
-Bude I: GV giao nhiem vu cu the de HS ve nhd tim hieu, nghien cieu trude bdi hgc.
Viec nay se dien ra vao buoi hgc tnrdc do. Mdi HS duge cap mpt tai khodn hoc tap ngng de GV ed the qudn li viee hpe online cua hp. Thdng thudng HS se cd 4 nhiem vu chinh: Nghien eiiu bai hpc ttong sach giao khoa; Hgc bdi gidng qua video; Ldm bai kiem tta TNKQ kiln thflc ca ban ty hoc; Dat cau hdi thac mac Ien dien dan. M6i nhiem vu se ed nhiing ehi dan rat eu the ttong muc "Hudng dan - nhi?m vy hpe tap".
- Bude 2: HS thuc hien cdc nhiem vu tu hoc.
Vdi cong cu hpe tap la saeh gido khoa, video bai giang vd tai lieu thara khdo dugc GV up Ign ldp hpc tryc tuyin, HS sg tu ttien khai eac hoat dpng hpc tap theo chi dan va phu hop vdi thdi gian, khdng gian, dieu kien ca sd vat chat (hge qua may tinh/ipad hoae dien thoai thdng minh cd kgt ndi mgng).
- Bu&e 3: GVkiem tra kit qud vd nhdc nho (neu cdn) viec tu hge cda HS truoc khi den l&p.
Phan mem Moodle se giup GV kigm tra dupe cac van de sau:
+ Sd lugng va ket qua bdi ldm ttfic nghiem eiia HS;
+ Nhiing vdn de thfic mac cua HS dang tten dign dan vd nhiing van de HS cdn chua hieu ro qua eac cdu ttd Idi sai ttong bai KTTN.
NIU din thdi hgn da giao udc ma HS nao chua hodn thanh viec ty hpe, GV ed the nhfic nhd qua cac kgnh lign lae (Email/group Idp ttgn faeebook/chat box ttgn ldp hpe tryc tuyen. .). Vdi cac cdu hdi cua HS tten dign dan, GV se ghi ehep Igi, khai quat thdnh eac van de de ca ldp cimg thao ludn ttong gid hpc ttgn ldp budi hdm sau.
b. Gid dgy hgc tren l&p
Nhu ttgn dd ndi, gid day hpc trgn ldp ttong MHLHDN hudng tdi cdc bde cao ttong thang do nhdn thuc Bloom (phan tieh, ddnh gid, sdng tgo) vdi sy tuong tde da chigu:
GV vdi HS, HS vdi HS vd eac phuang phdp day hpe tieh cyc dugc su dung triet de. Mudn thg, gid day hpc ttgn \dg cdn thyc hipn theo cdc bude sau:
- Budc 1: GV tgo tdm the vdo bdi hgc vd nhgn xet qud trinh chudn bi bdi a nhd eua HS.
Khi dgy hpc VHDG, md ddu gid hgc GV edn tao duge Sd20.ttiing 8/2019 S9
NGHIEN Cl/U U LUAN
khdng khi vfin hda ddn gian de tgo tdm thg cho HS budc vdo mpt thdi dgi "ed xua" cua dan tpc. Vi dy: Dgy hpe sfl thi Ddm San se trinh chigu nhflng hinh dnh vg net vfin hda cdng chigng eua Tay Nguyen, ve hinh anh nhimg pho sfl thi noi lieng ciia dan tgc... Bgn canh dd, GV eung neu ra nhan xet ve tinh hinh ty hoc, qud trinh ehudn bi bai d nha cua cd ldp dg tu do, HS biet phat huy mi digm vd nit kinh nghiem cho nhiing tan ty hge sau.
- Budc 2: GV h$ thdng hda lai cdc kiin thirc eo bdn eua bdi hgc.
GV ngn sfl dyng bang bieu, sa dd tu duy de hp thdng Igi mgt each khai quat, logic cac kien thflc ca ban ma HS da ty hpe trgn ldp hpe trye tuyen. Trong qua trinh nay, mdt mfit GV phai ehii y gidng giai nhung don vi kien thuc md HS hay bi sai trong bdi kiem tra TNKQ, mat khac cd the kgt hgp kiem tra HS bfing hinh thflc hdi dap dg kigm tta viec "hgc thdt" ciia cac em trgn mang. Mfic dfl, day khdng phai Id khau ttgng tam cfla gid hgc ttgn Idp nhung Iai gifl vai trd ngn tang dg tien hdnh eae hogt dpng thao ludn tigp theo.
- Bu&e 3- GVtd ehuc cdc hogt dgng thdo lugn cho HS.
Ddy Idkhdu ttgng tdm ciia gid hpc tten Idp theo MHLHDN, thg hipn rd quan digm dgy hpc lay HS lam trang tdm. Ndi dung thao luan ta nhiing van dg do GV thigt kg, nhung cung cd thg ta nhiing vdn dg do ehinh HS ddt ra ttgn dign dan.
Cde vdn de do thudng dua ra eai nhin da ehieu vg mpt van dg (Vi dy: "Mi Chdu ddng thuang hay dang trach?"), hogc ddi hdi sy so sdnh tdng hgp (Vi dy: "Digu gi tgo ngn mpt nhdn vgt anh hung ffong thdi dgi ngdy nay? Nd khde gi so vdi thdi efla Ddm San?"), hodc ddi hdi tu duy sdng tgo (vi dy; "Em hdy sdng tgo mgt ket thiic mdi cho trayen ed tieh Tdm Cam"), hodc gfin vdi cdc hanh dpng thyc tien ("Em cd thg Iam nhiing gi dg gdp phan bao tdn nhflng bai ea dao Vipt Nam")... Tat ca dgu hudng tdi phat trien tu duy bde eao ffong thang do ciia Bloom va dgu phai dupe li gidi dua trgn dde trung ciia thg logi van hpc dan gian, tranh dp dgt edi nhin eua eon ngudi thdi ki hien dai.
Ve hinh thfle, GV cd thg su dung kgt hgp nhigu phuang phdp dgy hpc hipn dgi, tieh cyc: day hge dy an, ddng vai ehuygn gia, thao ludn nhdm.... Cac ndi dung vd boat dpng thao lugn se gdy hiing thu, tao dgng tye hge tap vi nd mang tinh "thdeh thflc" va "huu ich" chg HS .
- Bif&c 4: G V chdl Igi kien thue vd HS rut ra nhiing kit lugn ed nhdn.
Sau thao luan, GV edn tdng kgt, ehdt lai nhung vdn dk quan ttgng, dua ra nhflng phdn lieh hgp Ii nhdt dl dinh hudng tu duy cho HS. M§t khdc, GV ngn kit thfle bdi hpc bdng nhirng cau hdi gdn vdi ttai nghiem cd nhan HS hode thyc tl cupe sdng ngay nay (Vi dy: "Em rut ra dugc bai hpc gi sau khi hpc imypn co tich Tdm Cam?") va yeu edu mdi HS vilt suy nghT ciia minh mpt cdeh ngdn gpn vao 1 id gidy ghi nhd nhd. Hogt dpng ndy vua tgo digm nhdn dl kit thflc
bai hpc, vfla thdm dd dugc suy nghT cua tdt ca cdc thdnh vien ffong ldp, khiln HS thdy dupe sy hiiu ich ciia moi ^ hpe Vfin.
- Bu&e 5: GVgiao nhiim vg vi nhd eho HS.
Nhiing ygu edu, hudng ddn ehi lilt HS sg tim dpc trong muc Hu&ng ddn - nhiem vu hgc tgp d trang web hpc t$p.
ttgn ldp GV chi nhdc nhihig nhipm vy ehinh vd thdi hgn hodn thdnh. Thdng thudng, sg cd 2 logi nhiem vy: Bdt bu$c (muc dieh cimg ed kign thiie bai bpe) vd khuyen khich (mcr rgng, nang cao kign thflc ngtiign eflu chuygn sau, thuimg ddnh eho HS nfing khiiu va ham hilu biet ddi vdi mon Vfin). Bgn egnh do, HS sS phai bdt ddu thyc tiipn nhi?m ^ii tu hpc tmdc bai mdi tiep theo (neu GV tigp tuc dgy hpc lai nay theo MHLHDN).
c. Sau gid hgc tren lap
HS sg tilp tyc ty hpc dg cflng cd, md rpng kign thiic v^
bai hpc trgn Idp hpe tryc tuygn, vdi cde budc tirong ty nhu tmdc gid hpe tren ldp (dgc hudng ddn nhipm vy hpc tap - xem cac tai Heu can thiet - ldm bdi kiem tra - neu cau hdi thac mfic len dign dan ngu cd). Cdc em cd thg xem l^i powerpoint (GV up Ign mye Tdi liiu sau gid hpc tten lap) va cac lai lieu lign quan dg lam bdi kiem tta TNKQ sau gio hpc ttgn ldp (bai kigm tra nay la bdt bupe). Ben cgnh do, nhiing HS ed nigm ygu thich mdn Vfin cd the xem them tii lipu tham khao (gidi thieu cac di ban VHDG, goc nhin ciia ede nha nghign cflu vg van dg lign quan dgn bdi hpc..,) Ngodi ra, muc kigm tra, danh gid cdn cung cap ngan hang dg thi phong phfl vg bai hpc (co the kem theo gpi y hoje bdi viet tham khao) de HS tham khdo them. Trong qui trinh ty hpc nay, cd vudng mde, cdu hdi gi HS co the ding ttgn dign dan, GV va cdc bgn khac trong ldp sS phan hoi tryc tilp tai chu dl do ttong khuon khd cho phep. Ciing vdi cung cd bdi eu, HS se ldp lai quy trinh ty hpc trudc gio Ign ldp vdi bdi mdi.
3. Ket luan
MHLHDN Id mpt md hinh hpc lap hipn dai, ddp flng yeu cdu ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hpc, ldng cudng su dyng CNTT ttong dgy hge, ddng thdi thiie ddy kha ndng ty hpc.
tu nghign euru, phat huy tmh chu dpng, tich cyc cua HS ttong qud trinh hpc tap. Qua nhiing thfl nghipm budc dk da sd GV va HS diu ed nhiing phan hdi tieh cyc vc uu diem eua md hinh nay. Tat nhign, se edn rat nhieu kho khin.
thdch thuc dl ffiln khai [4HDH mdi tten, bdi no doi boi su phdt trign ddng bp cua rdt nhilu ygu td: eo sd vgt chii (mang Intemet, ttang thigt bj dgy hpc...). trinh dp CNTI vd sy quygt tam ciia ngudi dgy vd ngudi hpc, sy img i»
cua epng ddng,... Chung tdi tin ring, vdi sy nhi?t huy*
va ffach nhipm, cac nhd giao dye sg cd nhiing phucmg sw hgp li dl nhan rpng md hinh niy ttong dgy hpc Ngii vfc Ihdi dgi 4.0.
90 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Pham Tlii "nianh Phuang, Ton Quang Ci/Sng
li^u tham khao
1] Maureen J. Lage - Glenn J. Plan - Michael Treglia, (2000), Inverting Ihe classroom • A gateway lo creating an inclusive leaming environment. The Joumal of Economic Education. 31(1), pp.30-43
Le Thi Phuong - Biii Phuong Anh, (2017), Day hoc theo mo hinh l&p hoc dao nguoc nhim phat triin nang luc tlf hoc cho hgc sinh. National academy of education management. Journal of Education Management, 2017 V o L 9 , N o . l O , p p l - 8
[3] Pham Anh Doi, (9/2014), Ca hoi voi hoc tdp ddo nguyc, Tap chi Cong nghe giao due, Tmong Dai hoc FPT, so 4, tr.12-18.
https://vi.wikipedia.Org/wildAVeb_2.0.
Vu Anh Tuin (chu bien), (2014), Gido Irinh Vdn hoc ddn gian, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi.
BACHING VIETNAMESE FOLK LITERATURE (10™ GRADE LITERATURE EXTBOOK, VOLUME l) ACCORDING TO THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM [ODEL WITH THE SUPPORT OF WEB 2.0 APPLICATION
am Thi Thanh Phuong\ Ton Quang Cuong^
nail: [email protected] nail- [email protected] J University of Education,
Natonal University, Hanoi I Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: A flipped classroom model is a "reversal" of the traditional classroom on the process, goals, teaching methods as well as the role of teachers and learners with an intention and a scientific and a modern pedagogical strategy. With the development of information technology, the application of web 2.0 on teaching online classes has offered many outstanding advantages for the flipped classroom model. Based on the theory background of the flipped classroom model, the web 2.0 platform and folklore characteristics, this article proposes a way to teach Vietnamese folk literature (10th grade literature textbook, volume 1) according to the flipped classroom model with the support of web 2.0 application, thereby improving the quality of teaching literature in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.
KEYWORDS: Flipped classroom; e-learnlng; web 2.0; teaching folk literature; 10lh grade Literature textbook grade 10.
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