NGHIEN c t r u KHOA HQC
Tgp chiDtrgrc H$u, tgp 19, sd 6/2014 (Trang 319 - 324)
D^C DIEM HINH THAI VA G L ^ PHAU CUA CAY THUOC HE MO
TrSn Phi HUng'*, Nguyin Quynh Ngd^, Phgm Thanh HuySt^, Le Viet DUng', Nguyin Viit Thdn^
'Benh vi?n Y hgc cd truyen Trung uang, ^ Vi?n Duac li?u, ^Tnrdng Dai hoc Duac Hd Ndi
*Email: [email protected] (Nhan bai ngay 28 thang 8 ndm 2014)
T6ni t3t
Hi mg (Psychotria prainii H Lev.) 14 cSy ItiuSc dugc ddng b^o dan Ipc Thai a tinh San La dung la d l tri b?nh viem d^i tring Tuy dirpc ghi nh§ii trong y hpc c6 truydn ciia mpt so nuac, nhimg hi mp \h\ chira dirpc nghien cihi diy dii. Ap dyng phirong ph4p hinh ih^i vi vi hpc, cac dii' li?u vl ciu tao hinh thSi (than, la, hoa, qua), ciu tao giai phlu (la, than, rl) vi djc dilm vi hpc bpt dirpc ]i?u (!i, thin, rl) ciia ciy thudc hi mp da dirpc xiy dimg vi mo ti. Hi mg dupe nh§n d^ng boi cic djc diem: cinh non, cuSng 1^ m^t duai li v i cuing cym hoa c6 long diy die; la khong co dilm tuyin; cym hoa a dinh cinh, d ^ g dau tdi d ^ g xim co ngin; tring hoa dpig phlu, Ing tring dii hon thiiy tring, chop thiiy c6 dam long a mjt ngoii; bao phin 6 vj tri cao hon diu nhyy; dia milt lifm, hinh ciu d§t, chit thjf; gan li lii 6 c i 2 mit, c6 long don bio a m?it dirdri, b6 mgch hinh thin; bpt li mau xanh den gdm cic ll bio mo mim, tinh the caici oxalat hinh kim, h?l tinh bpl k^p doi, kip ba hay tip trung thinh dim, minh mach diem, m^ich xoin.
Tir khda: He ITIQ, Lau long hoe, Psychoiria pramii. Dgc diem hinh thdi, Giai phau.
Summary
Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Medicinal Species He mo {Psychotria prainiiW. IA\.) He mo {Psychotriaprainii H. Liv.) is used for bowel imflammation by Thai ethnic group in Son La province, Vietnam, He mo was recorded as a traditional medicine in some countries bui morphological and anatomical characteristics of this species is still under-researched. In this study morphological (leaf, flower and fruil) and anatomical characters (leaf, siem and root, powder) of He mo have been described. He mo is characlenzed by young branch, petiole, abaxial surface of leaf and peduncle densely hirtellous; leaf crowded at slem apices, without domatia; inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, capitate to densely congested-cymose; corolla funnelform. tubes longer than lobes, lobe lips pilosulous outside; anthers borne above the stigmas, disk large, fleshy, subglobular, fleshy, glabrous: leave midrib slightly convex to convex in adaxial surface;
vascular bundle in kidney shape; abaxial epidermis hair multi-cellular; leaf powder black with parenchymatous cells, crystals of calcium oxalate in angle-shape, starch gains in clusters, vessels with spiral and reticulate secondary wall thickenings.
Keywords: Psychotria prainii. Morphology, Anatomical structure. Thai ethnical medicinal plant.
1. YiiA van de nguyet qua nhieu, an uong khong tieu... [8].
He mp {Psychotriaprainii W. Lev.) thupc hp Tuy he mp duac sii dung trong y hpc c6 Ca phe (Rubiaceae) Id cay thuoc dupe dong bao truyin cua mpt sd nude nhu Vi?t Nam, Thai Lan, ddn tpc Thai a San La dimg la dl trj benh viem Trung Quoc [7] [8], nhung chua dupe nghien cuu dgi trdng. Y hpc cd truyen da ghi nhan he mp c6 day dii ve hinh thdi vd gidi phlu a ca Viet Nam vj ddng, tinh mat; cd tdc dyng thanh nhiet, giai va tren the giai. Ve thyc vat hpc, H. Leveille dpc, tdn li chi huyet, trir thap, chi Ij; cd cay dupe (1911) la nguoi dau tien mo ta vd ddt ten cho loai diing tri dbn ngd, phong thdp, myn nhpt, rdn cdn, nhung bdn md ta thieu ddn lidu ve hinh thai cym khuan Iy, viem rupt, tri npi xudt huylt, kinh qua/qua [1]. Chen Weichiu (1999) sau dd da md
Tgp chi Duac lieu, tdp 19, sd' 6/2014 319
ta va din chiing hinh ve minh hpa g^m ca hoa va canh mang qua. Chen Tao va Charlotte M. Taylor (2011) khi sir dung hinh minh hpa cua Chen Weichiu (1999) lgi lini y rdng hinh ve nay khong hodn toan phii hop vai cac tieu ban ciia loai Psychotria prainii H. Lev.; dac biet la ong trang trong hinh qua ngdn so vcri thiiy trang [7].
De phuc vu cong tac giam dinh va tieu chuan hoa dupe lieu, nghien cuu ve dac diem hinh thai vd giai phau ciia loai cay thudc hi mp da duac thuc hien ma dau cho nhihig nghien ciiu tiep theo vl dupe Iy va hda hpc ddi vdi cay thudc con it dupe biet tai nay.
2. Boi turffng va phirvng phap nghien cuu Ddi tuong nghien cuu: la lodi he mp {Psychotria prainii H. Lev.) thudc hp Ca phe (Rubiaceae).
Mau cay he mp thu thgp tai bdn Piing Ngo, xa Chieng Mai, huyen Mai San, tinh Son La. Tieu ban dupe lim giu tgi Phong tieu ban ciia Vien Dugc li^u - NIMM (s6 hieu TB-9938), Phong tieu ban cua Vi?n Sinh thai va Tdi nguyen sinh vgt - HN (s6 hieu 1572013SL) va Phong tieu ban cua Bp mdn Thyc vat truong Dai hpc Dupe Hd Npi-HNIP (so hi?u 18071/14).
Phucmg phdp nghien ciru:
Phuang phdp hinh thdi so sdnh dupe dp dyng dl nghien ciiu phan logi loai. Tren ca sd cac mdu nghien ciru, co sy so sanh va doi chieu vai khda phan logi va ban mo ta trong cac tai li?u.
Ap dyng phuong phdp vi hpc de nghien ciru cau tao gidi phau vd dac diem bpt dugc lieu cdc bp phan la, than, rl cua loai [6].
3. Ket qua
3.1. Xdc djnh ten khoa hoc vd md td dgc diem hinh thdi cua cdy thudc he mo
Xdc dinh ten khoa hgc
Can cu vao mau nghien ciin, c6 su so sanh va doi chieu vdi khda phan loai va ban mo ta trong cdc tai li$u tham khao [4], [7], chiing toi da xac dinh ten khoa hpc ciia loai cay thuoc he mp nhu sau:
Ten khoa hpc: Psychotria prainii H. Lev. 1911.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 324; Rehd. 1935.
Joum. Am. Arb. 16: 322; Ferguson, 1972. Not.
Roy. Hot Gaid. Endinb. 32(1): 114; Chen. 1999. Fl.
Reip. Pop. Sin. 71(2): 56; Phamh. 2000. Illustr.
Fl. Vietii. 3: 198; T. N. Ninh. 2005. Checkl. PI Sp. Vietn. 3:146.
Synonym:
- Cephaelis siamica Crmb, 1911. Kew Bull.
395; Pitard, 1924. Fl. Gen. Indoch. 3: 368.
- Psychotria siamica {Crmb) Hutch. 1916. PI.
Wils.3:415.
Ten tieng Viet phd thong: hi mp Ten Viet Nam khac: LSu long hoe, Ldu thai, Ldu xiem.
Loc. class.: China, "Guizhou, Ouang-Mou".
Typus: Esquirol 76 (E).
Hp thuc vat: Hp Cd phe (Rubiaceae) Mo td dgc diem hinh thdi
Cay byi, cao 0,5-2 m, co phan canh; canh non, cudng Id, mat duai la, cudng cum hoa cd long cung (dan) mau nau hai do, nau vang din nau xdm, day ddc. La dan, mpc ddi ddi khi tdp trung d dinh cdnh; cuong Id dai 0,5-2,0 cm, cd long curng day dgc; philn la chdt gidy hoac chat da mong, khong co dilm tuyin, mau xanh hci xam hoac xanh hai nau, hinh bau dye, bau due thudn, mac thudn, triing ngugc hogc trung, kich thuoc 3-15 X 1,3-6,5 cm, mat tren nhdn, m§t duai cd long cirng day dgc, goc la nhpn den tii, mep la nguyen, chop id tii doi khi co dudi ngdn;
gan ben 6-11 cap, rai hogc gan nhu noi vai nhau thanh vdng ma tao thanh vien gdn khong trpn ven d mep; Id kem som ryng, hinh tning, nam giira 2 cudng Id, kich thuac 5-6 x 10-13 mm, cd long Cling day dac, xe thanh 2 thuy t6i 1/3-1/2 chieu dai, thiiy hinh diii. Cum hoa 6 dinh canh, dang dau tai dgng xim co ngan, khong cuong hoac CO cuong ngan, khong phan nhanh; duang kinh cum hoa 1-1,5 cm; hoa eo cudng hodc gan nhu khong cuong. Id bde hinh tam giac hep, dai 3-5 mm. Dai cd long day d mat ngoai, xe 5 thiiy sau, thiiy cd hinh mdc h?p, hinh thia hoac bau dye hep, ddi 1,5-3,2 mm; de hoa dang ndn ngupc. Trang mau trang, hinh pheu, mdt ngoai nhdn ngogi trir phdn chop thiiy c6 dam long; ong
320 Tgp chi Duac lieu, tdp 19, so 6/2014
trang dai khoang 3 mm, co long mem a hpng;
thiiy trang 5, hinh tam giac din hinh triing, dai 1,5-1,7 mm, chop thiiy hoi day len. Nhi 5; chi nh) gSn tren ong trang dai 1,5-1,8mm; bao phdn 2 6, dinh lung a gan goc, md ranh dpc, kich thuoc 0,8-1 x 0,5-0,6 mm, tho ra khoi ong trang.
Bau dudi 2 6, moi 6 1 noan dinh goc. Vdi nhuy 1, dai 0,9-1,2 mm; goc vdi nhyy dupe bao quanh bdi dia mat Idn, hinh cau det, chat thit, nhan, kich thudc 2 x 1 mm; ddu nhuy hinh diii, d vi tri thap hon bao phan, che 2, ddi khoang 0,3mm.
Qua bl mau do hoac tia, hinh bdu due hoac
tning, bd mat phu day long cijng vdi nhieu gd dpc ndi r6 khi kho, kich thudc 5-7 x 3,5-4,5 mm. Hat 2, cung, hinh biiu dye, kich thudc 4,8- 6,7 X 3,2-4,3 mm; mat lung co 4-5 gd doc, nong; mgt bung c6 1 ranh.
Miia hoa: thang 5-8; miia qua: thang 7-11.
Sinh thai: Cay hai ua bong, thudng mpc d eac hem niii, sudn mii da vdi dp cao tren 900 m.
Phan bo: O Viet Nam, he mp phan bd d cdc tinh Cao Bang, Son La va Lang San [3][6]. Tren the gidi loai cdn dupe ghi nhan d Trung Quoc, Lao va Thai Lan [2] [6] [8].
HfH
Anh 1. Mgt s6 hinh thai cay he mgI. Dimg song ngoii nr nhien: 2-3. LS ItSm; 4. L i 5. Mgt phin mJl tren (trai) va mat dudi (phai) la; 6. Hoa 7. Diu vi thiiy tring; 8. Mat trong etia 6ng tring va nhj; 9. Dia m^t vi v6i nhuy, 10. Cym tiua vi qui l(h6;
11. Mit cat ngang qui; 12. Mit bung (trii) vi mat limg (phii) ciia hat
3.2. D^c diim vi hpc cua cay thudc hi mo hang tS bao nim phia tren bieu bi liucri. M6 mem 3 2 1 L^. g6m nhieu te bao hinh da giac xep Ipn xon. Bo Nhin tit mjt duoi gom: BiSu bi duoi g6m mot mach ciia gan giira tac thanh hinh than; ben ngoai la hJng te bio c6 mang hoa cutin. T6 bao biiu bi diitji vong mo ciing co vach hoa go; libe va g6 nam cr mang ldng che cho don bao. IVlo day goc gom 3 - 4 trong. 6 giira bo mach la mpt dam mo mem (nam
Tfp chi Duac lieu, tap 19, so 612014 321
phia trong gd). Tren cimg la ldp biiu bi tien, cd long die chd. Phia dudi Idp biiu bi ti«n la 5 - 6 mang hda cutin. Te bao bieu bi tren khdng mang hang mo day va md mem.
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Biiu bi dirdri Mo diy dirdi M6m6m Long che chd Vdng m6 ciJmg G6
7. Libe 8. Mo mim 9. M6 day tren 10. Bilubitr§n l l . Bilubidu^i
Anh 2. Cau tgo giai phau la cay h6 mp 3.2.2. Than vdrl:
Dac diem giai phlu than: Mgt cdt cua than cd hinh iron, tii ngoai vao trong gom cd: Bieu bi, gdm mdt ldp te bdo, co mang hda cutin, mang long che chd. Mo day gdc gdm 4 - 5 hdng te bdo, nam dudi ldp bi6u bi. Md mem vd, gdm cdc te bdo hinh da giac xep Ipn xpn. Mo ciing tap trung thdnh mpt ddi bao quanh libe cap 2. Libe cap hai, gdm cac bd libe xep thanh vong. Go cdp hai, eau tgo bdi cac tl bdo thanh day hda go, xep deu dgn thanh tiing day
xuydn tam. Mo mem rupt nam d giiia, gdm cac t8 bao hinh da giac khdng diu.
Dac diem giai phau re: Mat cat ngang re hinh trdn, tii ngoai vao trong gom cd: Ban, gom vai hang tl bdo hinh ehii nhgt, xIp thanh cdc vong tidn ding tam va day xuyen tam, mang tl bao hda ban. Md mim vd, gdm cac te bdo hinh da gidc, kich thudc khdng deu. Libe cdp hai, gom cde bo Hbe xIp thdnh vdng. Gd cap hai, cau tao bdi cac tl bao thdnh day hda gd, xep ddu dan thanh tiing day xuyen tam.
1. L6ngchechcr 2. Bilubi 3. Modiy 4. M6m6mv6 5. Mo Cling 5. Libe cip 2 7. Go cdp 2 8 Mo mim rupt
Anh 3. Ciu tao giai phau than (A) va re (B) cay hi mp
3.3. Dgc diem hot dirac Ueu bao mong; hat tinh bpt kep doi, kep ba hay tgp 3.3.1. La: trung thanh dam; manh mgch diem, mgch xodn;
Bpt mdu xanh den, khdng miii, vj ddng, nhin Idng che chd da bao; mdnh biiu bi mang 16 khi;
dudi kinh hien vi thay: Manh mo mem thanh te tinh thi calci oxalat hinh kim.
322 Tgp chi Duac lieu, tap 19, so 6/2014
Anh 4: Dgc diem bgi duptc lipu ciia la cay hemp
L T i n h M calci oxalat 2. Long che cho da bio 3. M ^ h diem 4. Mach xoin 5. L6 khi 6. Manh md mdm 7. H^ tinh bOt
3.3.2. Than: kep ddi, kep ba hay tap trung thdnh dam;
Bpt mau trdng xam khong miii, vi ddng, manh mgch xodn; tinh the calci oxalat hinh nhin dudi kinh hien vi thdy; Hat tinh hot kim.
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Anh 5. D^c diem bpt diti?c li$u cua thin ciy Hi mp 1. Mgch xoin. 2. H^t tinh bpt. 3-5. Tinh thS calci oxalat hinh kim
3.3.3. Rl: hien vi thay: Mdnh ban thanh tl bao d^, hgt tinh bpt kq) Bpt mdu nau, khong miii, vj ddng, nhin dudi kinh doi, kep ba hay tap tning thdnh dam; manh mgch dilm.
c.^"^!
Anh 6: Dgc di6m bgt duri?c li?u ciia rl ciy He mp I. H^l linh bpt 2. M^ch diem 3. Minh ban
Kit lu^n:
Qua nghien cuu dgc diem hinh thai va giai phau, da mo ta va xay dyng dugc bp dii lieu ve hinh thai (than, la, hoa, qua), giai phdu (Id, than, rl) vd vi phau bpt dupe li?u (la, than, rl) ciia cay thuoc he mp - Psychoiria prainii H. Lev. phuc vy cong tac giam djnh va tieu chuan hda dupe li?u. He mp dugc nhgn dgng bdi cac dac dilm:
c4nh non, cuong Id, m$t dudi la vd cudng cym hoa c6 Idng ddy d$c; la khdng cd dilm tuyin;
cym hoa d dinh canh, dgng dau tdi dang xim co ngdn; trang hoa dang pheu, ong trdng dai han thiiy trang, chdp thuy cd dam long d mat ngoai;
bao phdn d vj tri cao hon ddu nhyy; dta mat Idn, hinh cau det, chat thjt; gan Id Idi d ca 2 mat, cd long don bao d mat dudi, bd mach hinh than;
bpt la mau xanh den gom cac le bdo md mem, tinh the calci oxalat hinh kim, hat tinh bpt kep ddi, kep ba hay tap trung thanh dam, manh mach diem, mach xodn.
Tgp chi Duac lieu, tdp 19, so 6/2014 323
Tai lieu tham khao
1. L&veWU (1911), Psychotria pramii H. L^v. In: F. Fedde. Repertorium Specienm Navantm Regni Vegetabilis, Dahlem bei Berlin, 9 (214-216): 324. 2. Pitard J. (1924), Cephaelis siamica Craib. In: Lecomte H. (ed.), Flore generate de t'Indo-Chine, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3, 368-370. 3. Phgm Hoang Hg (2000), Cay cd Vi4t Nam (An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam), Nxb Tre, Tp. Hfl Chi Minh, 3, 198. 4. Chen Weichiu (1999), Psychotria Linn.. In: Chen Weichiu (ed.). Flora Reipublicae popularis sinicae, Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese), 71(2), 47-57. 5. Nguyin Viet Thin (2000), Kiim nghim duffc li?u bang phuang phdp hiin vi. NXB Khoa hgc Ky thugt, H4 Npi, 1, 13-21. 6. Trin Nggc Ninh (2005), Psychotria siamica Craib. Trong: Nguygn Tien Bin (chii bi€n), Danh Ivc cdc loai thifc vgt Vi^t Nam. Nxb Nflng nghiep, Hi Ngi, 3,146.
7. Chen Tao, Charlotte M. Taylor (2011), Psychotria Linnaeus. In: Wu Z. Y., Raven P. H., Hong D. Y. (eds.). Flora of China, Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis, 19, 294-301. 8. V6 Van Chi (2012), Tudiin cay thudc, Nxb Y hpc. Hi Npi, 2,1307-13OS.
Tap chiDtrac lieu, tgp 19, so 6/2014 (Trang 324 - 328)
ANH HlTOfNG CUA MOT SO CHAT DIEU HOA SINH TRlTOfNG TOfI Sy"
HINH THANH RE CUA HOM CAY SOI RU*NG TAI LAM DONG Bm Van Trpng*, Nguyen Cao Xudn Vien, Nguyen Thanh Nguyen
Vien Khoa hQC Ldm nghiep Nam Trung Bd vd Toy Nguyen
*Email: buivantrongvn(§gmaiI.com (Nhgn bdi ngdy 05 tiiang 11 ndm 2014)
Tdm t i t
Ciy s6i rimg (Sarcandra glabra (Thunb) Nakai) li mgt loii dugc li?u quy c6 tic dyng ho trg dieu trj mgt so b$nh ung fhir dudng tifiu hfla nhir: ung thu tuy, dg day, gan, trirc trang, cuflng hgng. Trong nghien ciiu niy, anh huong cua cic chit difiu hfla sinh truong lAA, IBA v i NAA v6i cic ham lugng 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2% din kha ning ra rl ciia hom ciy s6i rimg da dugc nghifin cihi. Hom gi5m li cic doan thin cfl chilu dii tir 10 - 12 cm, tren mfli hom co tir 1 din 2 Iflng. Thi nghifm dugc thu'c hien trong mfli truong nha kinh voi dilu ki?n nhi^t dg dao dpng khoing tCi 25 din 30*'C, dp im khoang 70%, gii the giim hom li cit d i qua xu ly. Sau 75 ngay giam hom, kit qua nghien ciiu cho thiy cfl sir khic bi^t cfl y nghTa thdng kS giiia cic cflng thiic thi nghidm. Sir dyng NAA a 1% cho kit qua giim hom soi rimg tflt nhit, dgt 86,67% hom sflng v i ra rl, so lugng re trung binh li 5,08 rl/hom, chilu dii rl trung binh li 3,68 cm so voi dfli chirng (66,67%; 3,9cm; 3,65 cm tuong ling)
Tir khda: Cdy soi rung. Chdt kich thick sinh trudng. Gidm hom, Nhdn giong. Ty 1$ ra ri.
Summary
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators in the Rooting of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb) Nakai Cuttings Sarcandra glabra (Thunb) Nakai is a precious medicinal plant species, used to support for treatment of gastrointestinal cancer diseases such as pancreatic, stomach, liver, rectum, throat cancer diseases. In the present study, the effects of growth regulators such as lAA, IBA and NAA with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on rooting ability of cuttings of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb; Nakai were investigated. The stem cuttings were having a length of 10-12 cm, were collected from Cam Ly area in Lam Dong province. The experiments were carried out in the greenhouse environment with temperatures fluctuating between 25 to 30''C, humidity around 70%, the cuttings can be treated sand. Alter 75 days, cuttings showed significant differences. Use at a concentration of 1% NAA giving highest results, reaching 86.67% live and rooting cuttings, average number of roots 5.08 roots / cuttings, root length average 3.68 cm, compared to control {66.67%, 3.9, 3.65 cm, respectively).
Keywords: Cuttings. Propagation. Sarcandra glabra (Thunb) Nakai, Plant growth regulators. Rooting percentage.
1. Dat van de Qudc, Triiu Tien, Nhgt Ban, An Dp, Malaysia va Soi rimg la logi cay bui thudng xanh cd nguon Viet Nam. Tgi Vidt Nam cay cd thi tim thay d gdc d khu vuc Ddng Nam A, hien nay cdy phan cde khu vuc Lang Scm, Bdc Giang, Hod Binh, Ha bo d cdc qudc gia va vimg lanh tho nhu Trung Tay den Kon Tum, Lam Ddng, cay thucmg mpc 324 Tgp chi Duac lieu, tdp 19, so 6/2014
