Kinh nghiem danh gia cong ciiufc cua mgt so quoc gia tren tlie gi6i
ThS. Nguyen Phucmg Lien - Vi^n Khoa hge td chuc nhd nu&c, Bp npi vg
D
anh gia cdng chuc la mot khdu quan ttpng ttong cfing tac quan ly cong chuc. Danh gid cfing chfic la chi cfing viec ma cac co quan nhd nudc tiln hdnh kiem tta, khdo sat, tham dinh theo dinh ky hoac khfing theo dinh ky vS hieu qua, thanh tich cdng tac va tfi chit chinh tri, kiln thuc chuyen mon, nang lyc lam vipc... cua cdng chfic ldm ca sd cho viec khen thudng va ki luat, cit nhac vd diSu chinh mpt cdch hgp ly, cfing bang dfii vdi cfing chfic. C6 thS ndi, vipc dfinh gia cdng cbiic cd tac dung tten nhieu phuong dipn dfii vdi cdng tac qudn ly cdng chfic. Vi dy nhu Co quan Cfing vy (Public Service Department- PSD) cua Malaysia ySu cfiu tit ca cdc bg, nganh cung nhu cfic CO quan chinh quySn dja phuang phdi to churc dfinh gid tam ly khi phdng vin tuyln chpn nhan viSn. Ddng thdi, cac cdng chfic dang tgi chuc cung se phai qua phan ddnh gifi tdm ly va ttr vin de giup hp cdi thipn khfi nang phyc vy. Theo Tfing gidm dfic PSD Ismail Adam day lfi mot bipn phdp de phat triln nhan lyc. Dfinh gifi tam ly se hfi ttg vipc tuyen dyng, bd tri nhan sy do cd the giup d ^ gifi khd nang hodn thdnh nhipm vy can cu vao tinh cfich cfia mfii ca nhan. Mgt khac, danh gid tam ly cdn cd the hd ttg cdc "day td cfia nhan dan" dilu chinh cdm xuc, tinh each, hfinh vi ttong qud trinh tac nghiep.Phuong phap ddnh gia cdng chfic quan he tryc tilp din ket qua danh gid. Cac nudc dSu coi ttgng vipc lya chpn phuang phap danh gifi, hpc hdi tinh khoa hge cfia cdc loai phuong phdp nhdm xay dyng phuang phap danh gifi phfi hgp vdi thyc tS. Cfing tac danh gifi cfing chtic bao gfim nhieu ngi dung nhu:
phfin chia thu bgc danh gia, trinh tu danh gid, sii dyng ket qufi dfinh gia,... nhiing dieu nay deu c6 anh hudng quan ttpng den sy cfing bfing vfi minh bgch cfia cong tac danh gid.
Vdi mot m$t quoc gia, cong tac danh gia
cfing chiic ciing cd nhiing diSm khac biet ttong phuong phap hay trinh ty danh gia.
Trong bfii vilt nay tac gia gidi thieu vdi dpc gid kinh nghiem danh gia cfing chuc cfia mpt sfi nudc tten thS gidi.
1. Hoa Ky
Hoa Ky thyc hipn lay viec danh gia thdnh tich cua cfing chfic lam ca sd cho vipc thang chiic cfia cdng chtic. Npi dung danh gia bao gdm: Nang lyc cfing tac; Trach nhiem; Nang lyc tfi chuc; Muc do hgp tfic; Tuan thu ky lugt; Sd lugng vfi chit lugng cfing vi^c; Tinh sang igo,... Can cfi tbeo bilu danh gid ban hanh nam 1934, tong cgng cd 16 hgng myc danh gia, sau nay trfii qua nhieu lan thay ddi da tang len 31 hgng myc.
Toa nhd Quae hgi Hoa Ky.
Anh: TL Nam 1950, Hoa Ky chinh tiiuc tiiyc thi
"Lugt Danh gia ket qua thyc thi cfing vipc"
(Performance Rating Act), Lugt nay yeu cau cac CO quan LiSn bang dudi sy dfing ^ cfia Uy ban nhdn sy xdy dyng Hp thfing danh gia kSt qua thuc thi cdng vipc (Performance Appraisal Systems). Sau nhihig nam 70 cfia the ky XX, Hoa Ky da tien hanh cai each che dp danh gia. Trpng diem tu danh gifi thfinh tich da chuyen sang danh gia hanh vi cong tac. Nam 1984, Hoa Ky bat dau thyc hipn
1 9 CAICACHI^HANH culm NHA Nuac Th6ng 9/2014
"He thfing quan ly ket qua thyc thi cfing viec va khen thudng" (Performance Management and Award System). Theo do, cac ca quan bat huge danh gia thanh tich cong tac ca nhan cfia cfing chuc, nhiing ngudi co thanh tich xuat sac se dugc khen thucmg bang tiSn mat Nam 1993, Hoa Ky ban hanh "Lugt Danh gia hieu suat va ket qua thuc thi cfing viec cua Chinh phu" (Government Performance and Result Act) va xay dyng "To churc dya tten kit qua cfing viec" (Performance based Organization), che dfi nfiy ySu cau co quan su dung lao dgng phdi xac dinh ro muc tieu va tieu chuan danh gia thanh tich, dfing thoi bit bupc thu tmang ca quan phai co ttach nhiem dgt dugc myc tieu do. Phuang phap danh gia tmySn thong cfia Hoa Ky la nhfin vien giam sat vilt bao cao danh gia dinh ky dfii voi cfing chuc, sau dd cufii nam tiSn hanh tong kSt.
Nhirng nam gan day, phuang phap danh gia cfing churc cfia Hoa Ky da khong ngimg phat trien va thay dfii, ngfiy cfing ap dimg nhieu phuang phap hon nhu: ca nhfin ty danh gia;
cac cong chfic danh gia lfin nhau; chuyen gia d dan vi ngodi danh gifi cfing chiic.
Vipc danh gia thfinh tich cfing tac la dinh ra "tieu chuan cong viec" cu thS doi vai mfii chuc vy, sau do can cu "tiSu chuan cfing viec" ma danh gia mfit each khach quan vfi khoa hpc ve nfii dung va hipu suat lam viec cfia cfing chuc dam nhipm chuc vy do. Ket qua danh gia chia ra lam 3 logi: logi xuat sac, dat, khfing dat. Logi xuat sfic chi nhiing cfing chiic cfi thanh tich cong tac vucrt tten tieu chuan cfing tac thong thudng, dgt dugc kit qua logi nay se dugc tang mgt bgc luang va uu tien ca hpi dugc de bgt thang chfic. Logi dgt la nhiing cong chfic dugc danh gia dat dugc tiSu chuan cfing tac quy dinh, co the tang mpt bgc luong. Loai khdng dat tuc khfing dgt dugc tieu chuan cong tac de ra, can cu theo muc dp se ap dyng mfit so hinh thurc ky lugt nhu giam luong, hg cip bac, miln nhiem hogc dufii viec. Neu cfing chiic nhan thay quyet dinh thang chuc hogc quyet dinh ky lugt khong cfing bang hogc co hien tugng khfing minh bgch co the khieu ngi.
Che dg danh gia moi cdn tien hanh kiSm fra nham vao npi dung chiic vy va hieu suat
Ifim vipc. Phuong phap phan tich ngi dung chuc vy vfi hipu suat lam viec co rat nhieu logi, ttong do co hai logi chu yeu nhat la:
phuong phap phan tich sfi lugng va phuang phap phan tich chit lugng. Phfin tich so lugng bao gfim: bao nhieu cfing viec phai dam nhiem, sir dyng bet bao nhieu thdi gian va bao nhieu lin mfic loi,... Ngi dung phan tich chit lugng la do chinh xac, chit lupng tfit/kem, nang luc dilu tilt vfi phan tich cfing viSc. Hau nhu hai phuong phap nay deu dugc sii dimg cimg luc, chi la do tinh chat cong vipc khfic nhau nen trinh ty su dimg hai phucmg phap nfiy cung khac nhau. Ngoai ra, cdn cd phuong phap phan tich cfia chuyen gia, phuang phap phan tich cong viec cd sy tham gia cua nhiSu bSn; can cu dae diem cong tac cua cac dan vi khac nhau se su dyng nhiing phuang phap thich hgp. Sau khi Hoa Ky thyc hipn rfing rai che do danh gia kieu mdi nay da nhgn dugc ket qua tuong dfii tfit.
NguySn tac chi dgo thuc thi danh gia cong chuc cua Hoa Ky do Co quan Quan ly nhan sy Lien bang quy dinh, phuang an danh gia cy the do cac co quan tu quyet dinh va dugc thyc thi sau khi bao cao Co quan Quan ly nhan sy phe chuan. "Luat Cai each chS dp cfing chiic Hoa Ky" quy dinh, khi bat dau thdi gian danh gia cfing tac cua cfing chiic can phai thfing bao cho ngudi do ve tieu chuan va yeu to then chfit ttong cong tac danh gia va khi ket thuc thdi gian danh gia se su dyng mgt sd tieu chuan va yeu tfi then chot do dS danh gia cfing tac ciia nhan vien.
2. Nirfifc Anh
Cfing tac danh gia cong chfic d nuoc Anh chu yeu la xem x6t vS thai dp cin cu lam vipc vd danh gia thfinh tich dinh ky, dfing thai lay danh gia thanh tich lfim trgng diem. VS mat danh gia thai do can cu lam vipc: Theo quy dinh cong chiic phai lam viec 5 ngay moi man (40 tieng); Cac don vi deu c6 bfing cham cfing, ghi ro chinh xac thdi gian lam vipc, thdi gian tan ca va thdi gian nghi cua moi cfing chiic. Npi dung danh gia thanh tich bao gom 10 nhan to sau: 1) Kiln thirc chuyen mon; 2) Nhan cfich; 3) Kha nang phfin dofin;
4) Tinh than ttach nhipm; 5) Kha nang sfing
CAlCACHI^HAMIGMiNHllHAMnc 2 0
tgo; 6) Dg tin cay; 7) Tinh tiiich iing nhanh nhgy; 8) Nang lyc giam sat; 9) Long nhipt tinh; 10) Hfinh vi dgo diic.
Ve phuang phap danh gia, ap dyng ehl dp bao cao, kiSm tra thanh tich; moi nam tiln hdnh khao sfit thfinh tich mot lin. Hpi dfing xet duypt thanh tich tiln hanh khao sat vd binh xet, danh gia thanh tich cua cac cfing chiic can cii vao nhiing tfii lieu cd liSn quan va nhiing ghi chep v l thanh tich cua hg. Sau khi x i p loai d ^ gia va dS bat thudng phgt, viec buih xet dilm khao sat thanh tich dugc chia thanh cfic logi: 1) Ngudi c6 thanh tich dgc biet xuit sdc lfi logi A; 2) Ngudi cd thanh tich tot la logi B:
3) Ngudi cd tMnh tich dat yeu ciu la logi C;
4) Ngudi cd thanh tich bmh thudng la logi D;
5) Ngudi c6 thanh tich kem la logi E. Ban bao cfio danh gia sau khi da dugc cho diSm, xet duypt qua timg cap, se dugc luu ttong hfi so cd nhan. Khi cd co hgi cit nhfic, hgi dfing bfi nhiem se duyet Igi bfin bao cao thdnh tich nay vd lay dd lam tai lieu tham khao. Trong sfi nhiing ngudi cd tufii nghe nhu nhau, ai cd thdnh tich xuat sdc thfing qua danh gia se c6 CO hOi dS bgt cao hon. Tir thyc tiSn danh gifi d Anh cho thay, mgt sfi bg, nganh fip dung 3 din 7 muc xep logi, cdn Igi dgi da sfi bfi, nganh chia lam 5 logi. Trong trudng hpp sau khi xSt duyet d l ttinh kit qufi len BO tmong thim djnh, neu cfing chiic cho rang ket qud danh gifi khfing thda dang cd thS trinh chiing cfi ISn Bp trudng, ttinh bay li do va yeu ciu sira doi.
Phuong thfic danh gifi nay thS hien danh gia vita lfi mpt qud trinh hoan todn cfing khai vua lfi qua trinh gfin kel tuong ho, co lpi cho sy phfit triSn mang tinh dinh hudng vfi tttih chinh xdc ttong cfing tac danh gia.
Ddnh gia cfing chtic co ban dya tbeo trinh ty nhu sau: danh gifi dya can cu tten tieu chuin hang nam bp, ngfinh quy dinb, dfii chieu kiSm tta voi thyc te myc tiSu bfing nam cua cfing chfire, tai lipu ca nhan ty danh gia, bdo cfio dfinh gid cua ngudi quan ly dfii vdi ngudi dugc dfinh gifi, ngudi dugc danh gia kien nghj cap ttSn xem xet Igi kSt qud danh gifi. Nudc Anh dfic bipt coi ttpng trinh ty dfinh gid vfi tiign tipng tiln hdnh sap xep mpt cfich hgp ly. ChS dg bao cao, kiem tra thanh tich Ifi chi vipc cac bp, nganh tien hanh danh
gia dinh ky mgt nam mfit lan, can cu theo ket qua bao cao, kiem tra thanh tich d l d l bgt khen thudng va ky lugt cong chiic.
3. Nird'c Phap
ChS do ddnh gia cfing chuc cua Phap cd hai ngi dung la cho diem vfi nhgn xet. \^ec ap dung phuong phdp danh gia cho dilm nhu sau: Danh gia cfing chuc hang nam cfia Phap cham theo thang dilm 20 dilm, moi hgng myc danh gia thap nhit dgt 0 dilm, cao nhit dgt 20 diem. Sau dd cpng diSm tiing hgng myc, can cu theo tfing diem de xep hgng thu bdc, tfing diem thanh tich se dugc phan loai thanh 5 hgng la A, B, C, D, E; ttong do, hgng A: 140 dilm, hang B: 125 dilm, hgng C: 100 diem, hgng D: 85 diSm, hgng E: 60 diSm.
Danh gia cong chfic tiln hanh dinh ky moi nam mfit lan, cfing tac danh gia do nguoi durng dau bp, ngdnh chfi tri vfi do cip tten true tilp quan ly cfing chiic lam chfi khdo.
Do chS dp bien ehl, co ciu cfing chfic khac nhau cfia cdc bp, nganh ttong Chinh phu Phap, khd khan gap phdi Irong thyc thi dilu lugt quy dinh ve ddnh gid va sy van dung cy thS ttong phuong phap cho diem hoan toan khac nhau. Nhung bdt lugn la bg, ngfinh nfio, cho dfi ngi dung va phuang phap danh gid khfing gidng nhau song cung diu phfii trung cau y kiSn cfia cdng doan, quySt dinh se dugc lanh dgo hanh cblnh va cdng doan cfing dua ra y kiln. Hipn nay, da sfi cac bp van tiep tyc su dyng phuang phap cho diem kit hpp vdi nhan xet, cd bipt mpt vai bp (nhu Bp Tmyin thfing) da hfiy bo each cho diem, thay doi thanh che dp binh xet dfinh gifi. Dilm cfing tac cu thS chia ra thanh 2 budc tien hdnh:
Budc I Id chia thang diSm. Phuong thuc cho diem tu cao xuong thap, doi tupng dugc cham diem la cdng chfic hgng A, B, C, D.
Cdc ngi dung dugc cho dilm bao gfim sfic khde, kien thirc chuyen mon, sy tuan thfi thai gid lam vipc, chinh te ngan nap, nang lyc thich ling vdi cdng vipc, tinh than hgp tac, tinh thin phyc vy, tinh tich cyc, hipu qufi cong viec, khd ndng ndm bat van de, ndng lyc dieu tiet to chuc, nang lyc giam sat chi huy vfi nang lyc quan sal. Khi cfic bp, ngfinh tiln hfinh danh gid cy the, cfin cu vfio thii bfic vd
' Q i Y^ln^fln
CAl CAM Nfit HANH GHbtl NKA NUtff Thang 9/2014 d
chiic vu dam nhipm cua cfing churc se chgn ra it nhit 6 hang myc lam nfii dung danh gia. Vi dy: Danh gia cfing chiic loai A phfii chgn nhieu hgng myc, frpng djem danh gia la nang lyc dieu tilt tfi chiic, phuang pht^ lam viec, nang lyc giam sat ehl huy,...; hgng muc danh gia dfii vdi cong churc hang D tuong dfii it, ttgng diem danh gia Ifi tinh tiiin phyc vii, bao dam thdi gid lam viSc, tinh tich cue... Tfi- do can cii vao tong diem xep hang cao thap.
Thanh tich danh gia bit bugc phfii thfing bao cho nguoi dugc danh gia biet va co chu ky xac nhgn cfia ngudi do. Gidi ban cho diem tu 0 den dudi 20 dilm (Cd bg, nganh cho dilm khong bang nhau, vi phan hgng va chiic vu khac nhau nSn tieu chuin cfing se khfing giong nhau). Da phin sfi dilm cao nhit khong qua 17 diem, hang nam chi liy miic tang dao dgng rat nhfi tir 0,1 din 0,2 diSm.
Budc thii hai la viet n h ^ xet. Chu khao vilt ket luan nhan xet dfii vdi cfing chiic ttSn ca sd cho diem, ket hgp vdi biSu hien dgo du:c thucmg ngay khi chap hanh nhiem vu va tinh trgng thyc te cua cac hgng myc khong ap dyng phuong phap chim dilm dl cd dugc kit luan danh gia; sau do trinh lanh dgo tten mfit cap tham dinh va ky phe duyet. Cufii cung, thong bao ket lugn nhgn xet tdi uy ban hanh chinh ngang cap bp, nganh dd, nhung khfing thfing bao cho ban than cong chfic.
Ddnh gia cfing chiic Phap dp dung ehl do ban cfing khai, ttong mpt miic do nhat dinh lien hanh giam sat chu khao, nham ngan chgn nhiing suy doan chu quan, bfio dam khach quan cong bang ttong cong tdc danh gia. Co 4 bipn phap giam sat chfi yeu sau: 1) Cho phep cong chiic tham gia danh gid. Khi chu khao cho diem ngudi dugc danh gid, chfi khao cin phai cong khai hgng muc danh gia va lang nghe y kien ty danh gia cfia ngudi dugc danh gia. 2) Cho diSm phai thfing qua uy ban hanh chinh ngang cfip de can dfii. 3) Xet duypt Igi nhgn x^t. Sau khi chu khao dua ra nhgn xet dfii vdi ngudi dugc danh gia, can phai dugc lanh dao tren mpt cap thfing qua, xet duyet Igi va ky xac nhgn. 4) Cho phep cfing chuc khilu ngi. Neu nhu nguoi dugc danh gia nhgn dinh la can thiet, co the thfing qua fiy ban hanh chinh ngang cap yeu cfiu lanh dgo thong bao
danh gia eho ban than cfing chiic dugc biet.
Trong tmrong hgp cfing chiic do cho ran^
nhan xet do khong cfing bing se co quyin de xuit voi uy ban hanh chinh ngang cap yfiu cau chu khao phai siia doi, tham chi cd the khieu ngi den tda an hanh chlnh.
Vdi myc dich xda bd su khac bipt ve dfinh gia diem giiia cac khu vyc, cac bp nganh, Chinh phu Phap da xay dimg "Che dfi can dfii danh gia cho dilm", chi dfi nay da thfing nhit tieu chuan cho diem tren toan qufic, giua cac khu vyc, cac bg nganh. Can cu theo tieu chuin thfing nhit nay, tong diem dfinh gifi dfii vdi cong chiic se dugc can bang tfing hgp nhfim dat dugc kit qufi danh gia cong bang va khach quan.
Tir tfing thi cfi thi nhfin thiy mot so van de chu yeu hien dang tfin tgi ttong cong tac danh gia cua Phap la: 1) ThiSu tiSu chufin cho diem cu the, cho diSm danh gia lufin cao. 2) Trong cfing tac danh gia coi ttgng trinh dO hpc van va kinh nghiem cong tac (bao gom hpc luc va nam cfing tac), lufin sii dyng tieu chuan nay thay the nang lyc va bieu hipn thyc tS. 3) Tinh minh bgch ttong qua trinh danh gia mong dfii thap, ket qua danh gia khong the cfing khai toan bp. Nham giai quyet van dS nay, hipn nay Chinh phu Phap dang tich cue nghien ciiu tim kiem giai phap cai each phuong phap danh gia. Trgng diSm dfinh gia la danh gia thanh tich cong tac thyc thi cong vy, ddnh gia nang lyc; danh gifi cfing chfire thich hgp vi tri cfing tac nao; tang cudng dfii thoai. Do thong qua phuang thfic tga dam true tiep giu-a lanh dgo va cip dudi, dau nam se cfing nhau ban bgc muc tieu cong tac cua nam do, cufii nam se can cii vao do de kiem tra tfing kSt, phan tich nguyen nhan, sau do lanh dgo se dua ra danh gia nhgn xet.
4. Nhat Ban
O Nhgt, ngudi ta gpi vipc danh gia thanh tich la "binh xet cong vy". Danh gia thanh tich gfim 4 ngi dung nhu sau:
Mgt Id, danh gia cong vipc, bao gom: 1) Xem cfing chiic co du nhiing kien thiic md cfing vipc doi hoi hay khfing, gifii quylt cong viec CO gi sai sfit khfing, ket qufi cong vipc c6 tfit khong, khi xii ly cfing vipc c6 lam theo kl
IhAnolln A A cAlCACHI^HAKICNiNH NHA NUdc £ £
Thdng 9/2014
hogeh khong, cd lam bao cao kip thdi xac thyc khfing? 2) Tien do cfing viSc ra sao, giai quyet cfing vipc cd nhanh chdng ban, cd keo dfii vi§c tin hanh cong vy khfing,... 3) Thai dp cfing tac, tinh chuySn cdn, chip hanh thdi gid lfim viec,... 4) VS viec chi dgo cap dudi, cd tao dieu kipn thugn Igi cho cip dudi tich cyc tiln hanh cfing tfic khong, chi dgo cfip dudi cd thoa dfing va chmh xac khfing.
Hai Id, danh gia tinh each, bao gfim cac mat nhu tich cyc, tieu cyc, gifii bipn lugn, ttim lang, on boa, than frpng, hdi hgt, hao hipp, c6 long thong cam, chiu khd nghien cihi, nghiem tuc, nhgy ben, tinh t l , y chi mgnh me ciing ran, y chi ylu dudi, frong sdng vfi m, hay lo nghT, thich xa giao, giu; n l nip, khfing bi rang bupc, tiling thdn, thien vi, khong quen xa giao...
Ba la, danh gid nang luc, gom cd: nang lyc phan doan, nang lyc ly giai, nang lyc sdng tgo, nang lyc thyc hanh, nang lyc quy bogch, nang lyc giao tiSp, nang lyc chi dgo, nang luc tap tmng, nang lyc nghiSn ciiu...
Bon Id, danh gia tinh thich iing, bao gfim:
tinh chit quy hogeh, tinh chit nghien curu, tinh chat ke loan, tinh chit hanh chinh tdng hgp, tinh chat tham tia, tinh chat thao lugn, linh chit tinh toan, tinh chit thyc hipn theo le, nghipp vu ngudi lam viec cd tinh chat thu ky, xem anh ta co thich hgp dugc vdi nhirng tinh chit nfiy khfing.
Ve phuang phap danh gia: Danh gid cdng chfic Nhgt Ban chia ra bai loai danh gia la danh gia dinh ky vd danh gia dgc bipt tgm thdi.
Ddnh gid dinh ky co ban mfii nam tien hanh mOt lan, do cfing chfic lanh dgo cdc cap tiiyc hipn dfii vdi cip dudi, hogc cap dudi dugc cfing chuc lanh dgo chi dinh, tien hanh danh gia, dfinh gia, ky xac nhgn doi vdi thfinh tich va bilu hipn cong tac cua cong chuc. Ket qua ddnh gia chia lam 5 loai A, B, C, D, E. Trong dd, logi A lfi xuit sdc se tang luong vugt cip;
dugc dfinh gia logi B, C, D Id tfit hogc dfi tu cdch se tang luong mgt cip; dugc danh gia la logi E nghia la khong hoan thanh nhipm vu, se khfing cho phep dugc tang luong. Thfing qua ddnh gia, cfing chiic co thanh tich xuat sac ttong cfing tfic cd thi dugc bilu duong va d l bgt thfing chtic, tang luong; cdng chuc co
thanh tich kem phfii tien hanh phe binh, thay dfii nhipm vy cfing tac thgm chi b; dieu chi^en cfing tac. Nhung ttong mot so trudng hgp thfing thucmg, vS co ban, danh gia cfing chiic cfia Nhgt Bfin thS hien nguyen tfic ngng ve khen thudng khich IS va nhe v l phe binh kilm diSm. Chi can khfing gay ra vin d l Idn, hang nam cfing chiic deu cd tiil tang luong. Danh gia dgc biet tgm thdi la mpt phuang phap bfi sung cfia danh gia dinh ky, thfing thudng phai xem cy the thyc trgng cfing tac d l xac dinh thoi gian va nfii dung danh gia.
5. Singapore
Nfii dung danh gia cfing chuc Singapore chia ra danh gid biSu bien cfing tac va danh gia tiem nang. Dang gia tiem nang coi ttpng danh gia cfic phucmg dien: nang l\rc phan tich, nang lyc sang tgo, tinh nhgy ben chinh tri, tinh quyet doan,... ddnh gia cao tfi chit tri tup, tfi chat lanh dgo vd tfi chat tbanh tich,... Danh gia cong chuc d Singapore guy djnh cfing tfic cfia mfii cfing chiic can thiet cd sy danh gia thdng nhdt vd mang tlnh chu ky, ngofii ra con ySu cau nhiing dfinh gia nfiy cd bfin ghi nhd suot ddi (bao gom thanh tich thyc ttong cong tfic), do vgy deu phai cd su chuin bj bao cao mat hang nam ve cfing tac va hanh vi cfia moi quan chuc. Trong qud trinh ddnh gia, tinh ttgng CO ban cfia ngudi dugc danh gia phdi dugc vilt chi tiet, bao gdm cdc npi dung: sd trudng ve bgc van, chuySn mfin, ky thu|t;
khen thuong; cac khda hpc da tham gia; viet sach; sd thich; cac hogt dgng tham gia vS chuyen mdn, ky thuat, xa hpi vd van hda; tinh bat huge lam vipc; lipu cd mufin diSu chuyen cdng tac vfi nguySn nhan; danh gid hang nam nSn gbi ro thdi hgn. Day cd the dugc coi lfi npi dung cin cd ttong bao cdo danh gia, ngoai ra ttong hodn cdnh dgc bipt, thfing thudng khfing dugc xda bd hogc cd tinh luge bd nhung ngi dung da dugc dS cgp ttSn.
Phuang phap danh gia cdng chuc d Singapore la timg cap tien hanh dfinh gia, do cip tren tryc tilp danh gifi cap dudi, nhtmg cap dudi khfing danh gifi cip tten vd khong c6 sy danh gia giira cdng chuc cimg cap. Bieu hipn cfing tac cufii nam cfia moi ngudi deu do lanh dgo ttyc tiSp cho diem, ket qua ddnh gid se
A A IMng fln
£,«! cAicAcHi Thdng 9/2014
cfing khai voi ngudi dugc danh gia vfi hg dugc chi ra nhiing van de con tfin tgi va kien n ^ de thay dfii. Muc tieu cua phuong phq> nay la khich le cac ting ldp lanh dgo dam quan Iy, duy tri nguyen tac, cd yeu cau n ^ e m khic dfii vdi cap dudi, dieu nay se khien cho cap dudi cd cam giac vira ton frgng viia ne sg cap tren, tii do tgo nSn quyen uy cho ting ldp lanh dgo.
Nham bao dam sy khach quan cfing bang frong cfing tac danh gia cfing chiic, ngudi danh gia va lanh dgo co quan chu quan can thiSt ty quan sat de dua ra d^ih gia diing dan.
Bao cao danh gia phfii day du ly do, phan tich chi tiet, ban giao cho co quan co chuc frach (Vi du nhu Uy ban Cfing vy, Uy ban Bfi nhiem chiic vy, Uy ban Hge bfing) va quan chiic ky cuu tham tta nghiSn ciiu. Dfii vdi cfing tac danh gia cfing chiic frong tmdng hgp nhieu ngudi giam sat, ngudi danh gia c ^ phai trung cau y kien cua nhiing ngudi giam sat khac. Cfing chiic danh gia nen can cii theo tieu chuan ma cap bac thyc tl yeu ciu dfii vdi quan chiic de tien hanh binh xet.
Trade tien, ngudi ddnh gia se danh gia uu diem va khuyet diem cua cong chiic sau do moi tien hanh danh gia toan dien. Kbi tiSn hanh danh gia toan dipn bat ky cong chfic nao phai so sanh voi nhiing cong chuc khac, nhung khfing the cung so sanh cfing chiic co nhung mat dgc bipt noi ttfii va dac biet yeu kem vdi nhau. Cfing chiic danh gia can thiet xem xet lieu cfing chiic dugc danh gia nen tiep tuc cong viec hogc la dieu dgng cfing tac, hoac tham gia dao tgo bfii duong. Danh gia cfing chiic cfing chi ro cfing chiic do cd thich hgp de dugc de bat thang chiic hay khfing. Dya tten bieu hien toan dipn cua cfing chiic trong trudng hgp thich hgp de dugc thang chiic (Bao gfim pham chat uu tu, kinh najupm cong tac), biSu hien cong tac thyc te, dfing thdi xem xet tinh trang sue khde va tuoi tac de co su can nhac thich hgp.
Sau khi CO dugc ket luan cua ngudi danh gia, tai lipu se dugc giao cho lanh dao dem vi chfi quan, nguoi nfiy cung can tiuet phai nam dugc hoan canh cua ngudi dugc ddnh gia. NSu nhu can thay dfii y kiSn danh gia, lanh dgo don vi chu quan se de xuat nguyen nhan thay doi vfi thfing bao cho ngudi danh gia dugc biet.
Chi dg dfinh gia cong chuc Suigapore da
quy dinh ro rang: danh gia cong tac dfii vdi cfing ciatc can thilt phai cong bang khach quan, do vay ngudi danh gia can phai co nhirng dieu kipn sau: I) Nfim vung sfi tfii lieu cong tac va hanh vi cfia c»ng chiic dugc danh gia; 2) Co it nhit 06 thang ti^ xuc nhilu vdi cong chfic dugc danh gia; 3) La nguoi giam sat tiyc tiep cua cfing chus; dugc danh gja; 4) Co chiic vy cao ban ngudi dugc danh gia mpt bgc, cfing cfi tradng hgp Id tren ciing mgt c ^ , neu xay ra trudng hgp nay, lanh dao phu trach ky ten can thilt tham tta danh gia tinh cfing chinh, hgp tinh hgp ly cfia bfio cao mot each cin than.
Singapore quy djnh: hfi sa danh gia cfing chiic do thu ky thudng vy phy trach lap, npi dung ho so danh gia bao gom tat ca tai lieu danh gia cfia cong chuc, ban sao nhan khen thudng, nfii dung chi tiet ve tinh trang va ket qua neu bi ky lufit,...
Ket luan
Cd the khang dinh viec kiem tta, danh gia ky nang thuc thi cong vy cfia can bp, cong chiic lien quan din chuySn mfin, nghidp vy dang dfim ttach rit quan ttgng. Trong giai doan hien nay, cfing tac dfinh gia can bp dang dugc nhan djnh la khau cd nhieu yeu kem, cdn nang ve hinh thfic. Lam tfit cfing tac danh gia la CO sd quan ttgng, chinh xac de sang Igc, logi bd nhiing can bg, cfing chiic khong dap ling yen cau nhiem vu ra khoi cac ca quan Nha nudc vd la co sd tuyen chgn, bfi sung nguon can bp, cfing chiic that sy cd tai, co tam phung sy dit nuac, phyc vy nhan dan. Viec tiiam khao kinh nghiem cfia cac nudc dk dfii moi toan dien cfing tac danh gia cong chiic sao cho thyc chat hon la thyc sy cin thilt.
Tai lipu tham khao:
/. Che do cong chirc 25 quoc gia Hen minh Chdu Au, 2005.
2. Diep Vdn Scm, "Cdn thi diem bd sung che dinh ddnh gid cong chuc ".
3. Ddm Cong Vinh, Nghien cuu so sdnh che do cdng chiec, 2007.
4. HA. Simon, D.W. Smithburg &
V.R. Thompson, Public Administration, New York, 1953.
5. Tong Thi Minh, Nghien cuu cdi cdch hdnh chinh Hoa Ky, 1999.
IMng fln A > . CAlCACHNfiiHANHCHlMIMlANUDC £ 4
Thdng 9/2014
