HQl NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH THAl VA TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N T H L f j _
DAC DIEM HINH THAI
CHI GAI BAV-Triumffeia L. (Tiliaceae Juss.) 6 VIET NAM
LE THI THUY, HA MINH TAM Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm Hd Ngi 2 DO THI XUYEN Vien Sinh thdi va Tdi nguyen sinh vgt Vien Han ldm Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam
Theo Tang Ya, Michael G. Gilbert and Laurence J. Don (2008), chi Gai dk\x-Triumffela L. cd khoang 100-160 loai phan bo ehu yeu d cac viing nhiet ddi tren toan thi gidi [9]. 6 VietNam, chi nay da duoc mpt s6 tac gia ghi nhgn nhu: F. Gagnepain (1912) [3] cdng bo 4 ioai, nhung cung tac gia nay nam 1945 [4] ghi nhan them 3 loai dua tong sd loai cua chi Gai dau d Viet Nam len 7 loai nhung ve danh phap cua cae loai thupc chi nay hien nay da co mpt so thay ddi. Gin day Dd Thj XuySn (2009) [10] da dua ra cdng bo chi nay gdm 7 loai d Viet Nam ciing cac thong tin ve md ta cac loai, khda djnh logi den loai nhung ve dgc diem mo ta chi, tac gia da chua dua ra dugc cac thdng tin chi tiet, khdng cd hinh anh minh hpa, Cho den nay, ve dac diem nhan dang ciia chi van chua duae nhieu tac gia quan tam nghien ciru. Trong pham vi bai bao nay, chiing to! dua ra dac diem hinh thai ciia chi Triumffeta qua dai dien cac loai cd d Viet Nam.
L DOI TU'ONG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Doi tuo'ng nghien ciru
Ddi tugng nghien ciru la cac dai dien ciia chi Triumffeta a Viet Nam bao gdm eac mau kho dugc luu giu tai cac phdng tieu ban thue vat ciia Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh v§t (HN), Vien Sinh hpc nhiet ddi (VNM), Vien Dupe lieu (HNPI), Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hpc tu nhien (HNU), Vien Thire vat Hoa Nam, Trung Qudc (anh chup) (SBCI),... vk cac mlu tuai thu dupe trong eac chuyen dieu tra thue dja.
2. Phuvng phap nghien ciru
Chiing tdi da ap dung phuong phap nghien ciru so sanh hinh thai de phan loai. Day la phuang phap truyen thdng dugc sd dung trong nghien ciru phan lo?ii thuc vat tir trudc den nay.
Phuang phap nay dua vao dac diem hinh thai ciia ca quan sinh dudng va ea quan sinh san de nghien ciru, trong dd chii y€u dua vao d|ic diem cua co quan sinh san, vi nd it bien ddi va it phy- thupc vao di6u kien mdi trudng ben ngoai. Ddi vdi chi Gai dau {Triumffeta), cke d§c dilm duoc coi la quan trpng trong qua trinh nghien cuu dugc chu trpng nhu dac diem cua dang than va la, sd lugng nhi, kieu long tren qua,...
II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
Chi Gai dau {Triumffeta) thuoc hp Day (Tiliaceae). Ci Viet Nam, chi nay cd cac d^c diem hinh thai rk gkn vdi chi Day {Corchorus) vi cung mang dac dilm than d^ng cd hay nira byi nhung dilm khac bipt rd ret la Triumffeta cd tru nhj nhuy ngan, qua nang cd long cirng hay gai cirng khac hkn vdi Corchorus khdng cd try nhj nhuy va qua nang nhan.
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH THAl VA TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT LAN THLf 5 Hien nay chi Gai dau ghi nhan cd 7 loai la Day ke nhan {Triumffeta annua), Gai d5u rang to {T. grandidens), Gai dSu vang {T. pilosa), Gai dau Idng {T. pseudocana), Gai dau bd {T. repens), Gai dSu hinh thoi {T. rhomboidea), Gai dliu la trdn {T. rotundifolia). Cac Ioai thudng ua sang, phan bd rgng tir mien Bac den khu vuc Tay Nguyen hay vao tan mien Nam {T. annua, T. pilosa. T. pseudocana, T. gradidens, T. rhomboidea) trong do T. rhomboidea la cd dO ^ P nhieu nhSt. Cac loai T. repens va T. rotundifolia la ioai phan bd hep va r4t hiem gap.
T. repens chi co d dao Phii Qudc (Kien Giang) va T. rotundifolia chi mdi ghi nhan cd d 3 tinh la L^ng San, Phu Thp va Ba Rja-Vung Tau.
Triumfetta L.-GAI DAU
L. 1753. Sp. PI. 144; Gagnep. 1911. Fl. Gen. Indoch. 1: 551; id. 1945. Suppl. Fl. Gen.
indoch. 1: 468; T. S. Liu & H. C. Lo, 1993. Fl. Taiwan ed. 3: 732; C. Phengklai, 1993. Fl.
Thailand, 6 (I): 44; T. Ya, M. G. Gilbert & L. J. Dorr, 2008. Fl. China, 2: 258.
-BarlramiaL. 1753. Sp. PI. I: 389.
Dang s6ng: Than cd 1 nam {T. annua) hay nhilu nam (7". repens), dimg hay bd {T. repens) ho^c than nua bui {T pilosa, T. rhombodea), ca cay thudng cd long dan hay long hinh sao {T. pilosa, T rotundifolia), cd khi gap than gan nhu nhan {T. grandidens), cd re ra tir cac mat mpc la {T. repens) hay khdng {T. grandidens).
La: Dan, thudng mpc each, nhieu khi gan nhu xep xoan tren than; nguyen {T. annua, T. pilosa. T. pseudocana, T. rotundifolia) hay phan 3-5 thiiy chan vjt {T. grandidens, T. repens.
T. rhomboidea), ddi khi cimg cay cd ca hai d?ing la, la phia dudi ciia than chia 3-5 thuy, la phia tren nguyen (7^ grandidens); hinh gSn trdn {T. rotundifolia), thudn hinh mui giao (7; grandidens) hay trumg (7". annua, T. pilosa, T. pseudocana, T. rhomboidea); chdp la thudng nhpn (7". pilosa.
T. annua); gde la trdn hay tii; mep la ludn cd rang cua; gan gdc 3-5, thudng ndi ro d mat dudi, gan ben thudng 2-5 cap; hai mat nhan {T. repens), chi cd Idng tren gan (7". grandidens) hay ca CO long hai mat (7'. pilosa. T. rhomboidea) hay mot mat (7". pseudocana, T. rotundifolia).
La k^m; 2 cai d mdi la, thudng nhd, hinh chi, sdm rung.
Cum hoa va hoa: Hinh xim, d nach la hay dinh eanh, cuong cum hoa rat ngan, sd luong hoa tren cym hoa thay ddi tir vai hoa den nhieu hoa. Hoa; Ludng tinh, mau vang hay da cam. La b5c hoa thudng rat hep. Ny hinh thudn dai. Bao hoa mlu 5.
Ld ddi: 5, rdi nhau, mat ngoai cd Idng, mat trong nhin, mep dai phia dinh thudng udn cong vao, cd 1 gai nhpn d dinh.
Cdnh hoa: 5, khi non dinh nhau mpt phan d gdc, khi gia rdi nhau hoan toan, hinh thudn {T. annua), trirng ngugc (7". pseudocana, T. grandidens, T. rotundifolia) hay hinh thia {T. rhomboidea), ludn ludn ngSn hon dai, thudng nhEn, nhung cd ldng d gdc (7". rhomboidea).
Tru "''/* nhux: Tdn tsii, thudng ngc, rat ngan.
Bp nhj: Nhieu, chi nhj rdi nhau, manh, nhan, sd lupng nhj thay ddi cd the la 10 (^ pilosa, T. annua. T. grandidens, T. pseudocana. T. rhomboidea) hay ldn han 15 {T. repen, rotundifolia); bao phan dinh lung, gan hinh cau, md theo mdt dudng nut dpc. Nhj lep khdng cd.
HQI NGHj KHQA HQC T O A N Q U O C V E SINH THAI VA TAl N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THl>5_
Hinh 1. Hoa bo dgc Hinh 2. Hoa nhin lir tren xuong Bg nhuy: Biu tren, thudng 3-5 6, mdi 6 2 noan. Vdi nhuy manh, nguyen. Niim nhuy co ranh tao 3-5 thiiy.
- Niini nhuy
- Voi nliiiy
-Bau - T R I nil! nhuy - E)c hoa
Hmh 3. Dai hoa vdi gai & dinh Hmh 4. Cdu tgo bg nhuy Hinh 5. Qud v&i gai cong nhit moc Qua va h?t: Qua nang md bang van {T. pilosa, T. annua) hay khdng md {T. grandiden, T. pseudocana. T. repen, T. rhomboidea), khong cd canh, khdng phan thiiy, thuong hinh eau, it khi hinh bau due, tning, thudng cd gai va long hay cd gai nhung khdng long {T. annua, T. repens). Gai cd long day {T. repen, T. grandiden, T. pilosa, T. pseudocana) hay gan nhu khdng ldng {T. annua.
T. rotundifolia. T. rhomboidea); gai cong nhu mdc {T. pilosa) hay gai thang {T. repens), hay thang khi non va eong khi gia (7'. pseudocana). Hat nhd, gan hinh trung hay hinh than, mau den. Gai la dac dilm quan trpng trong vipc nh^n dang cac loai. Sau day la d^c diem mOt s6 dang gai tren qua.
Hinh 6. Gai moc (T. annua)
Hinh 7. Gai moc (T. pilosa)
Hinh 8. Gai moc (T. rhomboidea)
Hinh 9. Gai thdng (T. pseudocana)
HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THLF 5 I I L K E T L U ^
Chi Gai 6ku {Triumffeta) rat gan vdi chi Day {Corchorus) vi cimg mang dac dilm than dang cd hay nira bui nhimg diem khac biet ro ret la Triumffeta cd tru nhj nhuy ngan, qua nang cd long cung hay gai cdng khac han vdi Corchorus khdng cd try nhj nhuy va qua nang nhin, d Viet Nam hien bilt cd 7 loai, phan bd rai rac khip ca nude. Trong dd cd hai loai phan bd hep va hilm gap I^ T. repens va T. rotundiflolia.
Chiing tdi da tiln hanh xay dimg ban mo ta dgc diem nhiin biet chi Gai dau {Triumffeta) qua cac d^i di|n cd d Viet Nam. Theo do nhimg dac diem co ban nhan dang chiing la than cd hay nira byi, la don, mpc each, cd la kem, hoa ludng tinh, bao hoa mau 5, dai cd mdt gai nhpn d dinh, nhi nhieu, rdi nhau, cd try nhi nhuy ngan, biu tren, qua nang cd long cung hay gai cirng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Backer C. A., C. R. Bakhulzen, 1963. Flora of Java. The Netherland, vol. 1: 181-185.
2. Nguyen Tiln Ban, 2003. Danh lyc cac loai thuc vat Vi?t Nam. NXB. Nong nghiep, Ha NOi, t^p 2:
421-422.
3. Gagnepain F., 1912. Floragdntral de L'Indo-chine. Paris, tome 1: 523-563.
4 Gagnepain F., 1945. Supplement a la flora general de L'Indo-chine. Paris, tome 1: 440-475.
5 Ph?m Hoing HO, 1999. Cay co Viet Nam. NXB. Tre, Tp. H6 Chi Minh. quyln 1; 477-491.
6. Huang T. C, 1996. Flora of Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan, vol. 2: 732-743.
7. Lecomte H., 1909. Notulae Syslematicae. Paris, vol. 1: 170-174.
8 Phengklai C, 1993. Flora of Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand, vol. 6 (I): 10-80.
9 Tang Ya, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Don, 2008. Flora of China. USA, vol. 12: 240-263.
10. Do Thj Xuyen, 2009. Hpi nghj Khoa hpc Toan quoc ve Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh v|t lan thti ba Gai dau (Tiliaceae Juss.) d Viet Nam. NXB. N6ng nghifp. Ha Npi, trang 432-439.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF GENUS-Tf/umffeta L. (Tiliaceae Juss.) IN VIET NAM
LE THI THUY, HA MINH TAM, DO THI XUYEN
SUMMARY
According to Tang Ya, Michael G. Gilbert and Laurence J. Don {2008}, the genus Tnumfetta L has about 150-160 species in the tropical regions of the world. They close to Corchorus in herbs or subshrubs but differ as have gonophore and capsular with spines or pilose There are seven Triumffeta species occur in Vietnam {Triumffeta annua. T. grandidens, T. pilosa. T. pseudocana, T. repens, T. rhomboidea, T.
rotundifolia). Among them 2 species're rare (7". repens and T. rotundiflolia).
in the article, the morphology of the genus has been constaicted They have prominent characteristic as erect or procumbent herbs or subshrubs Leaves simple, alternate, flowers bisexual, gonophore short, sepals and petals usually 5. sepal usualy with apical appendages, stamens numerous, fillament free, filaments free, ovary surper, capsular with spines or pilose
