Chat lu'dng nhan lu'c tai cac doanh nghiep du Ijch tinh Quang Binh:
Nghien culi dien hmh
tai Cong ty Oxalis Adventure Tours va Khu nghi du'dng Sun Spa Resort
NGGYIN Q O O C KHANH' Tom tat
Dua trin ki't qud phdng vdn 20 cdn bg qudn ly d cdc ho phdn khde nhau cua hai doanh nghiip du lich tren dia bdn tinh Qudng Binh Id Cdng ty Oxalis Adventure Tours vd Khu nghi dudng Sun Spa Resort, nghien cdu dd ddnh gid thuc trgng chdt lu^ng nhdn luc tgi hai doanh nghiep vd chi ra nhung mat dgt dUOc vd hgn chi'. Tren ca sd do, de xudt ra khung ndng lUc chudn cho nhdn luc du lich tinh Qudng Binh.
Tff khoa: doanh nghiep du lich. linh Qudng Binh, Cdng ty Oxalis Adventure Tours, Khu nghi dudng Sun Spa Resort
Summary
Based on the interviews with 20 managers in different departments of two Quang Binh province-based tourism businesses, namely Oxalis Adventure Tours and Sun Spa Resori, the sludy assesses the quality of human resources in the two enterprises and points out the achievements and limitations. Afterwards, the standard capacity framework for Quang Binh's human resources in tourism is proposed.
Keywords: tourism businesses, Quang Binhprovince, Oxalis Adventure Tours, Sun Spa Resori
GIOITHIEU
Tai Qudng Binh, stf gia tang ve Itfdng khach du lich dd'n dia ban Tinh dan de'n stf gia tdng cdc hoat ddng phuc vu du Mch, tao ra nhieu cd hdi cho cdc doanh nghidp hoat ddng trong ITnh vtfc nay. Vi vdy, stf tang trtfdng nhanh chdng ndy ciing dem lai nhieu thdch thtfc ve mpi mat cho nganh du hch lai dia phtfdng. Ngodi nhffng thach thtfc ve kd't cd'u ha tang, chinh sdch phat trien va cdc ngudn vd'n vat chd't, thi stf thid'u hut ve ngudn nhan Itfe du hch cd chfi't Itfdng cung la mdt trong nhtfng vfi'n dd cfi'p thie't dd'i vdi nganh du lich Quang Binb, dae bidt la dpi ngu quan ly, Cd nhieu cdng trinh trtfdc day nghien ctfu ve chd't Itfdng du lich tinh Quang Binh, tuy nhidn, chtfa cd nghidn ctfu ndo danh gia cu thd' chfi't Itfdng nhfin Itfc tai cdc doanh nghidp du Uch tinh Qudng Binh. Chinh vl the, vide ddnh gia ihtfc trang cha't Itfdng nhdn Itfc lai cdc doanh nghidp du lich tinh Quang Bmh, nghidn ctfu dien hinh tai Cdng ly Oxalis Adventure Tours vd Khu nghi dtfdng Sun Spa Resori la can thid't vd cd tinh thtfc tidn cao.
CO S6 LY THUYET VA PHL/ONG PHAP NGHIEN COU
Crf sd ly thuyd't Doanh nghiep du lich
Ku§luvan (2003) cho rang, doanh nghidp du lich la cac cdng ty, td chtfc va cd sd cung ca'p dich vu nhara ddp ffng nhu cau cu the ciia khdch hang (khach du Iich - nhffng ngtfdi d xa nha va mdi trtfdng ldm viec thdng Ihtfdng cua hp). Cac doanh nghidp Ihtfdng bao gdm: cac cdng ty du lich, cdng ty Iff hanh, cdng ty van tai, cdng ty thtfc pha^m vd dd ud'ng, cffa hdng lffu niera, cac diem tham quan va cdc nha ban le khde cung cd'p hang hda cho khach du lich thay vi ngtfdi dia phffdng hodc nhtfng ngffdi khdng phai khdch du lich.
Cdc doanh nghidp difpc xem xel trong pham vi cua ngdnh du hch "la nhffng doanh nghidp cung ca'p sdn phfi'm va dich
'ThS, NCS,, Tradng Dai hoc Kinh te Quo'c dan
Ngdynhdnbdi 10/11/20I9. Ngay phdn hien 20/11/2019. Ngdy duyet dang 25/11/2019
148
vu cho khach du hch chff khdng phai la cho ngffdi dia phffdng hoac ngffdi khdng phai Id khdch du lich" (Medlik, 1993).
Trong pham vi nghidn cffu ndy, doanh nghidp du lich dffdc quy dinh tai Ludt Du lich (nam 2017). Theo do, doanh nghidp du hch Id cac doanh nghidp kinh doanh cac loai hinh dich vu du lich. Kinh doanh du lich bao gdm cac ngdnh nghd' Kinh doanh Iff hdnh, Van tdi khdch du lich, Ltfu tni du hch, Dich vu du hch khac,
Nhdn life du lich
Theo Nguydn Van Dmh va Tran Thi Minh Hda (2008), thi ngudn nhan Itfc du hch la lao dpng trtfc tid'p vd gidn lid'p ldc dpng vao nganh du lich va ciia mdi doanh nghiep kinh doanh trong linh vtfc du hch.
Ngudn nhan life du Uch la life Itfdng lao dpng trong nganh du lich bao gdm: lao dpng trtfc lid'p va lao ddng gidn tid'p the hien thdng qua sd Itfdng, chfi't Itfdng va cd cau lao ddng (Dinh Thi Hai Hau, 2014).
Chinh vi tinh da dang cua cdc loai hinh lao ddng tham gia vao qua trinh thtfc hien hoat ddng du Iich, nen nhfin lu'c nganh du lich c^n dtfdc nghidn cffu theo dac thu cua cac nhdm cdng vide.
Cu thd nhdn life nganh du lich cd the dtfdc chia Ihanh 2 nhom cd ban: nhdn life quan ly nha ntfdc ve du lich (la nhdn life lam vide trong cdc cd quan quan ly ve du hch) va nhan life ldm vide trong cdc ddn vi kinh doanh du lich.
Phffdng phap nghien cu'u Trong nghidn cffu ndy, tac gia sff dung phtfdng thtfc phdng vd'n chuydn gia theo hinh thffc phdng van phi cfi'u true.
Ddi ttfdng dtfdc ltfa chpn phdng va'n tap tmng vao ldnh dao cap cao vd cdc cd'p quan ly d cac bd phfin cua hai doanh nghiep, do Id: Cdng ty Oxalis Adventure Tours va Khu nghi dtfdng Sun Spa Resort tren dia ban tinh Quang Binh. Bi CO thdng lin ve chd't Itfdng nhan Itfc lai hai doanh nghiep, ldc gia da tie'n hanh phong va'n vdi 20 can bd quan ly d cac bp phan khac nhau cua hai doanh nghiep (8 chuyen gia trong Unh vtfc ltfu tni, 4 chuydn gia trong linh vtfc nha hdng, 5 chuyen gia trong linh vtfc dich vu Iff hanh vd 3 chuyen gia trong Iinh vtfc vdn tai du lich) vdo thdng 06/2019.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU
Nhiing mat dgt duac ve nhdn ldc tgi Cdng ty Oxalis Adventure Tours
Oxalis Adventure Tours (sau ddy goi
tat la Cdng ty) dtfdc thanh ldp vao nam 2011 cd tru sd chinh dat tai ldng Phong Nha (xa Tdn Hda). Sff mdnh hoai dOng cua Cdng ty da neu rd tam quan trpng cua yd'u td an toan trong cdc ehuyd'n tham quan, do do, ddi ngu nhan vidn, dac biet la hffdng dfin vien dffdc chuydn gia dao lao ky Iffdng, cdc trang thid't bi dffdc cung cfi'p mang tidu chufi'n the' gidi.
Dd dat dtfdc muc tieu ddm bao an loan vd cha't Iffdng cho cac ehuyd'n tham quan va vide phat tridn cdng tdc cpng ddng qua thdng vide sff dung lao dpng dia phffdng, cdng tac ddo tao va phdt trien nguon nhdn life Clia Cdng ty rfi't dtfdc chu trong.
vi doi ngd nhdn viin: Todn Cdng ty hidn nay cd khoang 450 nhan vidn, trong dd 95% lao ddng la ngtfdi bdn dia trong lang Phong Nha hoac xd Tdn Hda, cac vdn phdng cua Cdng ty ddng trdn dia ban khde deu tfu lien va raong mud'n cung cap vide lara dn dinh cho ngtfdi dia phtfdng ndi day. Ddi ngn nhdn vidn cua Cdng ty dtfdc danh gia cao d cdc tidu chi ve kien thtfc chung ve du lich, Itf hanh, kid'n ihtfc chung vd diera dd'n va cham sdc khdch hang. Cu the, ddi ngu htfdng ddn vien cua Cdng ly dtfdc khdch hang ddnh gia td't hdn so vdi tai cac cdng ty Iff hanh khac tren dia ban.
Dac bidt, ddi ngu ndy dffdc ddnh gid rfi't cao ve hieu biet dd'i vdi san pha'm du hch, yd vide dam bao an toan cho khach, thai do phuc vu cung nhff ky nang ngoai ngtt. Hffdng din vidn lour hang ddng dtfdc dao tao cac ky nang thtfc hien tour, dam bao du sffc khde, hidu bid't ve thtfc dia. Dpi ngu porter hdu he't la ngtfdi dia phtfdng vdi trinh dd chuyen mdn thfi'p, luy nhidn, ddi ngu nay cung dtfdc ddo tao ra't ky ve ky nang ngoai ngff; ve cdng tdc cffu hd ctfu nan. Dpi ngu nhdn vidn nhd hang, bd phan be'p cung dtfpc hpc vdi chuydn gia ntfdc ngoai ve ve sinh an loan thtfc phd'ra, each che bie'n radn dn, tid'ng Anh chuyen ngdnh nha hang, bdp Ve dot ngu cdn bg qudn ly: Dpi ngu quan ly cua Cdng ty hien nay gdm 40 ngtfdi. Ngodi tdng gidm dd'c, dpi ngu quan ly cdn bao gdra: giam dd'c ky thuat, gidm dd'c didu hdnh, gidra dd'c kmh doanh va lie'p thi, trtfdng phong kinh doanh va trtfdng phdng markeling. Ddi ngu quan ly ciia Cdng ty dtfdc quan ly cap cao danh gia cao vd nang life ldm viec mac du khdng dtfdc ddo lao dung chuydn nganh du lich. Hau hd't kie'n thtfc va ky nang lidn quan de'n hoat dpng du licU dtfdc dpi ngu nay tich luy qua thdi gian lam vide, dac biet Id cdc ky nang lidn quan dd'n viec qudn ly vd bao ve ldi nguyen, mdi trtfdng du lich.
Cong tdc ddo tgo nguon nhdn luc ciia Cdng ty dtfpc ddnh gid cao. Vao mua thd'p diem, Cdng ly ihtfdng danh 2 thang de ddo tao nhan vidn d cdc bd phan, vide dao tao ndy do cac chuyen gia trong va ntfdc ngodi thtfc hidn. Dac bidt, Cdng ly rfi't chu trong de'n ddi ngu htfdng dfin vidn, vdi ho htfdng dfin vidn chinji Id "lmh hdn cua cac cudc phieu ltfu", cdc htfdng ddn vidn d day thtfdng kha thdng thao tie'ng Anh va dtfdc trang bi day du ky nang an toan vd cac ho^l ddng dd ngoai, sd cd'p cffu cung nhtf cac kid'n thffc ve hang ddng va rffng nhidt ddi, qua cac khda hufi'n luydn dat chuan qud'c te
149
dtfde td chtfc djnh ky hdng nam. Tfit ca cac thanh vien Clia ddi htfdng ddn ddu dtfdc cd'p chtfng nhfin la thanh vien cua Hiep hdi Hang ddng Hoang gia Anh (BCRA).
Cdng tdc thu hut nguon nhdn luc: Cdng ty da kha thanh cdng vdi chinh sdch thu hut ngudn nhan Itfc Clia minh. Ttf mdt doanh nghiep nhd, sau qua trinh boat ddng vd gfiy dtfng dtfdc danh lieng, ngoai vide lao dtfng niem lin cho khdch hdng, Cdng ty da thu hut dtfdc kha ddng ngudn nhan Itfc cd chd't Iffdng td't nghidp ttf cac trtfdng dai hpc danh lid'ng trong ntfdc va ntfdc ngoai, nhtf: Uc, Thdi Lan. Trtfdc khi ve Idm cho Cdng ly, nhtfng nhan vien nay cung dang cd nhffng cdng vide khd td't cf trong vd ngoai ntfdc.
Nhiing mat dgt dU(/c ve nhdn lUc tgi Khu nghi dudng Sun Spa Resort
Sun Spa Resort la khu nghi dtfdng dau lien ciia Quang Binh namd ban dao Bao Ninh, Khu ngbi dtfdng gdm 234 phdng dat tidu chuan qud'c td', cac phdng hpp, nha hang, be bdi ngoai trdi va nhtfng tidn ich khde.
Khu nghi dtfdng dtfdc Tap doan Trtfdng Thinh dau ttf va trien khai xdy dtfng vao ndm 2003, Tap dodn da dau ttf khd nhieu cho cdng tac tuyen dung, dao tao va phdt trien dpi ngfl nhdn Itfc cho doanh nghidp va sau nay la ngudn cung nhdn Itfc cao cd'p, cd chd't Itfdng cho rd't nhieu cd sd kinh doanh du lich khac trdn dia ban tinh Quang Binh.
Ve doi ngd nhdn viin: Hidn cd khoang hdn 450 nhan vidn dang Iam vide lai Khu nghi dtfdng. Nhd vao cdng tac dao tao nhfin vidn dtfdc thtfc hidn td't, nhfin vidn lam vide d Khu nghi dtfdng dtfdc danh gia cao cd vd nang life chuyen mdn va thdi dp phuc vu, Nhdn vien dffdc dao tao d ddy thffdng dtfpc cac doanh nghidp khac trdn dia bdn Tinh thu hiil ve. Vide ddnh gia hidu qud Idm vide ciia nhan vidn Ihtfdng dtfpc cdc trtfdng bd phfin va quan ly thtfdng theo ddi qua qua Irinh lam vide cua hp, chu ye'u chii trpng va cac ky nang ngoai ngff, giao tid'p, xff ly tinh hud'ng va thdi dp phuc vu. Doanh nghidp cdn thtfdng xuyen iheo ddi ddnh gid cua khach hang de ddnh gia hidu qud lam viec cua nhfin vien.
Ve dgi ngd qudn ly: Nhan life quan ly tai khu nghi dtfdng gdm 3 cfi'p: cd'p cd sd bao gdm td trtfdng, nhdm trtfdng va trtfdng ca; cfi'p trung bao gdm irtfdng phdng va trtfdng bp phan; cd'p cao bao gdm gidm dd'c dieu hanh, tdng giam dd'c va chu tich hdi ddng quiin tri. Cd cd'u to chtfc cua khu nghi dtfdng gdm 11 phdng vd bd phan chtfc nang (Id tan, nhfin sir, nha hang, bd'p, vtfdn, budng, an ninh, kinh doanh va marketing, giai tri, IT va bd phan ky thudt). Hien tai, doanh nghiep chtfa sff dung khung nang Itfc vao cdng tac quan tn, ma vin sff dung ban md ta cdng vide cho mdi vi tri Idra vide.
Dd'i vdi vi tri quan ly, ngodi 8 ky nang cd ban, can bd quan ly can phai cd them cdc ky nang dd la: ky nang td chtfc va ra quyd'i djnh.
Ve cdng tdc ddo tgo: Cdng tdc tuyen dung va ddo tao nhan vidn d day dtfdc thtfc hien lot, cae nhd quan tri da nhan thffc dffdc tam quan trpng ciia nhdn vien trong boat ddng ciia khach san. Hang nam. Sun Spa
Resort thud cac chuyen gia nffdc ngoai va chuydn gia trong nffdc ve tap huan chuyen mdn cho nhfin vidn cdc bd phfin vao mua thd'p diem, thdi gian hpc thtfdng la 1-2 tbang. Dd'i vdi nhtfng nhfin vidn gidu kinh nghiem vd cd trinb dd chuyen mdn td't, hp se khich Id stf cd gang cua nhfin vidn bang stf thang tid'n trong cdng viec (vi du: tff nhdn vien len ldm qudn Iy bd phfin) cling cac chd'dp Itfdng, thtfdng va cac chd' dp xa hdi khac.
Vi luyen dung: Hidn nay, cdng tac tuyen dung d Sun Spa Resort da dtfdc chu trpng hdn, nhd't la ve trinh dp va bdng cap chuydn mdn. Cu the. Sun Spa Resort tuyen nhfin vidn trong cac bo phan nghidp vu phai cd tnnh dp ttf trung ca'p du hch trd ldn, lid'ng Anh trinh dp B.
Nhiing mat hgn che cua chdi lU^ng nhdn lUc d 2 doanh nghiep du lich
Thd nhd't, mac dCi so' Itfdng Iao dpng Idra vide trong ITnh vtfc du Iich la kha nhieu, luy nhien cha't Itfdng ngudn nhfin life chtfa cao, sd' lao dpng cd trinh do chuyen mdn vfin cdn chid'm ly Id thfi'p.
Thd hai, phan ldn nhfin Itfc quan Iy deu khdng dtfdc dao tao ve chuyen nganh du lich. Dpi ngii quan ly thtfdng tdt nghidp cdc chuydn ngdnh vd kinh te' va ngoai ngff, do vay, nhffng kie'n thffc, ky nang chuydn mdn ddu dffdc dpi ngu nay tich luy qua qua trtnh lam vidc. Hau hd't dpi ngu qudn ly ndi chung vd dpi ngu marketing ciia doanh nghidp con yd'u ve xay dffng chie'n Itfde, dac biet la chie'n Itfdc marketing, marketing online va phfin tich ve thi trtfdng cdn yeu. Bdn canh dd, trinh dp ngoai ngff va ky ndng giai quye't tinh hud'ng cdn yd'u.
Thiiba, vide thu hut, ldi keo nhfin life CO cha't Itfdng ttf cdc doanh nghiep khac van cdn xay ra. Ty Id bie'n ddng nhan stf ddi vdi lao ddng phd thdng cao hdn so vdi nhfin stf co chuyen mdn cao.
Thd lU, ty Id nhfin life dtfdc ddo tao d cac cd sd dao tao vd du Iich d Quang Binh tuy dd tang Idn so vdi trtfdc dfiy, tuy nhien, sd' Itfpng v§n cdn it, ne'u cd dtfdc dao tao, thi mtfc dp ddp tfng cdng viec khi mdi ra trtfdng v§n khdng cao, dac bidt la cac ky nang mem, nhtf: ngoai ngtf, giao tie'p, xff ly tinh hud'ng. Dieu nay cho tha'y, mdt Id hdng Idn trong cdng tdc dao tao cha't Itfdng ngudn nhan life tai dia phffdng, khi ma cac cd sd kinh doanh thi thie'u ngudn nhan Itfc cd chfi't Itfpng, cd sd ddo tao thi tuyen sinh khdng du chi tidu, ngtfdi lao ddng thi khdng
isq
bie't cac thdng tin de tham gia hpc tap nang cao trtnh dp.
M0TS6'GIAI PHAP
De ndng cao cha't Itfdng ngudn nhfin hlc quan ly cac doanb nghidp du ljch va ttfng btfdc xfiy dffng va dp dung khung nang Itfc trong hoat ddng quan tri nhan life phu hdp vdi xu thd' mdi, dem lai bleu qud cao trong boat ddng cua cac doanh nghiep, cac doanh nghidp cd the thtfc hien mdt sd cac giai phap nhtf sau:
Mgi la. chd doanh nghiip tu ndng cao nhgn ihdc ve vai ird cua nhdn luc.
Chu doanh nghidp can nhdn thtfc dtfdc vai trd cua ngtfdi lao ddng, dac bidt la ciia ddi ngii quan ly trong stf thanh cdng Clia doanh nghiep, xera dfiy la tai san Clia doanh nghidp, cdng tdc ddo tao phat trien nhdn life Id boat ddng dau ttf chii khdng phai la ganh nang chi phi.
Do vay, chii doanh nghiep hay lanh dao doanh nghidp can nhin nhdn dung ddn t^m quan trpng cua he Ihd'ng quan trj theo nang Itfc trong bdi eanh hdi nhdp.
Viec xdy dtfng vd tfng dung cd hieu qua khung ndng Itfc trong cdng tdc quan tri nhan Itfc chi thtfc stf hidu qua khi co stf quan tdm, iing hd va chi dan trtfc tid'p cua lanh dao doanh nghidp,
Hai Id. xdy dung vdn hda doanh nghiip.
Mud'n xdy dtfng van hda doanh nghidp, tru'dc he't, cac chu cac doanh nghiep can dtfa ra dtfdc tam nhin va ttf duy chid'n Itfdc phat trie'n doanh nghidp, sau do Idra cho tat ca moi thdnh vidn trong doanh nghiep t&quan Iy de'n nhan vidn hieu va cam ke't thllc hidn td't stf mdnh cua doanh nghiep.
Qua dd, cdc nhfin vien se dieu chinh thai do, hanh vi trong cdng viec.
De xac lap gia trj van hda cdt Idi, doanh nghidp cd the thud cdc chuyen gia tlf vfi'n, ket hdp tham gia y kid'n cua khdch hang, cdc dd'i ldc lidn quan, thao ludn vdi
nhan vidn... De tao dtfdc van hda hpc tap trong doanh nghiep, can phai co edng tae phdt trien nghe nghiep cho nhan vidn. Doanh nghiep can chii tdm tdi cd hdi thang tid'n cho nhan vien, giup hp nhan ra nhffng cd hdi mdi de phdt trien nghe nghiep va ca nhffng thff thdch mdi me hdn vfin con dang chd ddi hp d phia trffdc, Doanh nghiep can tao dieu kidn cho nhan vidn tie'p xuc vd trau ddi thdm kinh nghiem d nhffng cdng vide khde ngodi cdng vipc ma hp dam trdch nd'u ho mudn, de ho cd nhffng chua'n bi trtfdc de gulp hp cd thd thang tid'n va phdt trien nghd nghidp nhtf hp mong mud'n.
Ba la, hodn thiin mdi trudng ldm viec tgi doanh nghiip.
De vide tfng dung khung nang life vdo cdng tdc quan trj dat hidu qua cao, dac bidt la trong vide nang cao chfi't Itfdng ngudn nhan Itfe, mdi trtfdng lam vide tai cac doanh nghiep du Ijch tinh Quang Binh can dtfdc xay dtfng vd hoan thien. Mdi Irtfdng lam vide td't the hidn d stf minh bach, cdng bang, ldn trpng ngtfdi lao ddng, stf phan chia rd rang gitfa quyen ldi vd nghia vu, gitfa phat trien nang life va stf thang tie'n.
Cac doanh nghiep phai bd iri cdng vide phii hdp vdi chuyen radn, nguyen vong ciia ddi ngir qudn ly, nham phat huy hd't ndng life va tang stf hai ldng trong doanh nghiep, tranh tinh trang nhdn tha'y rainh "khdng cd dd't dung vo". Giao viec ro rang nhiera vu vd trach nhidm sd lao didu kidn thudn ldi cho quan Iy. Doanh nghidp can tao mdi trtfdng lara vide thdn thien va chuyen nghiep, nhtf vfiy, hp sd tha'y doanh nghidp than thidn nhtf trong gia dinh,
Bdn la. hodn thiin chlnh sdch thu hut nguon nhdn lUc.
Ngoai cac chinh sdch ve Itfdng, thtfdng, chd'dp dai ngp, cdc doanh nghiep can cdng khai chinh sach hd trd vide hpc lap nfing cao trinh dd de ngtfdi lao ddng cd quyd'i dinh gan bd vdi cdng ty. Bdn canh do, de thu hut dtfdc ngudn nhdn Itfc chfi't Itfdng cao, cac doanh nghidp phai nang cao danh tid'ng ciia minh.
Ndm Id. hodn thiin cdc hoat dgng ddo tgo, bdi dudng ndng lUc.
De dat dtfdc hidu qua cao trong cdng tdc dao t^o va bdi dtfdng nang Itfe, tbi cdc boat ddng dao tao can phai dtfdc len ke hoach chi lid'l, vidc dao tao phdi phii hdp vdi nhu cau vd vj tri lam vidc ciia nhdn stf. Bdn canh do, cdc doanh nghiep caned quy che'chi ndu ndi bd phu hdp cho cac boat ddng ddo lao va bdi dtfdng nang ItfcQ
T A I LIPU THAM KHAO
1. Qudc hdi (2017), Ludl Du lich, sd09/20I7/QHI4, ngay 19/06/2017
2. Nguydn Van Dinh vd Tran Thj Minh Hda (2008), Gido trinh Kinh le du lich, Nxb Dai hoc Kinh te Qud'c dan. Ha Ndi
3. Dinh Thi Hai Hau (2014). Huy dgng vdn ddu lU cho phdi tnen ngudn nhdn luc du lich Viel Nam trong dieu kiin hdi nhdp kinh ti'qudc ti', Luan an tie'n sT kinh te, Hpc vidn Tdi chinh
4. Ku$luvan, S. (2003). Characteristics of Employment and Human Resource Managemeni in Ihe Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, 3-25
5. Medlik, S,, & Howard, W. (1993). Dictionary oflranspori. Travel and Hospitality 151
