T H I E T KE C H E TAO SA BAN H I N H T A f L A I ^ E QUA VET B A N H XE, D U O N Q H E f VUON<^ Q0C
TS. Hoang Minh Thuan, ThS. Le Van Lgi ThS. Hoang Van Oien, ThS. Le Thanh Tmh,
ThS. Thai Thanh Phu
TrUdng Cao dang Cdng nghiip vd Xdy dung (Bd Cdng Thuong)
Tom tat
Nham n i n g cao ky n i n g thUe h i n h nghe, tiep can vdi thie't bj hien dai dang dUge Qng dung trorig g i i n g day hien nay, dac biet l i tao su hQng thu, dam me hge t i p , n i n g cao c h i t lugng day v i hgc. Sa b i n hinh t i p l i i xe qua vet banh xe.dudng hep vudng gde la ket q u i tU nghien cQu, che tao thiet bi phue vu day hgc. Nhdm t i e g i i sQ dung cic thie't bi sSn ed tren thi trUdng cung nhU m i y mde hien ed, ke't hgp Qng dung phan mem da tao ra s i n pham mang lai hieu q u i eao trong viee day va hge ddng thdi n i n g cao n i n g iQc, tay nghe, i p dung thuc tien.
Tdkhoa: Sa bdn hinh tap, ddo tgo Idixe, vet bdnh xe, dudng hep vudng gde.
Abstract
In order to improve practical skills practice, access to modern equipment is being applied in the present teaching, especially to create an exciting, passionate about learning, improve the quality of teaching and learning. Maquette form driving through the wheel tracks, perpendicular narrow road is the result of research, fabrication and equipment for teaching. The authors use the devices available on the market as well as existing machines, combining software applications has created products that deliver high efficiency in teaching and learning and capacity building, skills, practical application.
Keywords: Maquette form driving, training, driving, wheel tracks, narrow street corner stalk.
L M d dau
Vdi mong mudn hgcsinh tiep thu ly thuye't tdt, ky nang thue hanh nghe cao va tiep can vdi thie't bj hien dai dang dugc Qng dung trong g i i n g day hien nay dac biet l i tao sQ hQng thu, dam me hgc t i p eho hgc sinh de c h i t lugng day v i hgc dat ke't qua eao.
Sa b i n hinh tap l i i xe qua vet b i n h xe, dudng hep vudng gdc l i mgt phuang tien ho trg trUe quan hieu q u i tai cac thdi diem d i n h t r i lai, lam m i u trong q u i trinh hudng dan hgc t i p . Sa b i n dugc che tao mdi h o i n t o i n , mang d i y du dae diem cua mdt sin pham hien dai vdi nhQng tinh nang vQgt trdi nhu hieu suit cao, an toin, tien Igi.
Dac thu cua nghe lii xe l i thUe hinh nhUng hau nhu khdng ed cdng ty nao che tao thie't bj phuc vu cho nghe lai xe
2. Ngi dung 2.1. Ogc tinh ky thudt
Moi hang xe sat hach p h i i bd tri toi thie'u 01 hinh qua vet b i n h xe va dudng vdng vudng gdc.
Hinh vet banh xe nam phia ben phai theo chieu xe chay, gom 02 vach dge song song vdi nhau v i song song vdi true dgc ciia dudng; sau hinh vet b i n h xe ke 02 hinh vudng gdc ndi tiep vdi nhau theo chieu ngUgc lai, ed (Theo Quy djnh ciia Tdng Cue Oudng Bd ve hinh t i p ) (hinh 1):
Bvb (m) la chieu rdng vet b i n h xe:
B^^ = B,-hO,2(m);
- Lvb (m) l i chieu dai vet b i n h xe: L^,^ = a;
Sv (m) l i chieu sau dudng vudng gdc:
S.= l,5a;
Lv (m) la chieu d i i dudng vudng gdc:
l-.= 2,0a;
- Bv (m) la chieu rdng l i n dudng vudng gde:
B. = 2,2b.
Trong dd: B^ l i be rgng Idpxe b l i chieu rgng ciia xe a l i chieu d i i ciia xe.
[16] K H O A H O C D A Y N G H E S6 35 thing 8/2016
Hinh l.Sado kich thude hinh tap qua vet bdnh xe vd dudng vong vuong goc
De eho giong vdi thUc te chung tdi da sQ dung xe md hinh d td TOYOTA- VIOS (hinh 2). TQ cae thdng sd ciia xe md hinh, nhdm t i e gia da che tao ra sa ban cd kich thudc theo ty le 1:18.
Hinh 2. Xe mo hinh 6 to H'mh 3. Mach vo TOYOTA- VIOS tyle 1:18 dieu khien tit xa
2.2. Cdu tqo vd ddc tinb ky thudt 2.2.1. Cdu tgo
2.2.1.1. Phin truyen ddng co khi
sui't dam bio,... (loai thQdng l i p cho c i n gat nQdc mQaxelSUZU3,5T)
- Hethdng dan dgng
Oe xe chuyen ddng tren mgt quy dao da chgn trQdc (phu hgp vdi dUdng di cua d td md hinh tren sa ban va cic thdi die'm d i n h t r i lii), nhdm t i e g i i g i i sQ dung truyen ddng xich, tbdng qua c i c dia xich v i tao cho chung mdt ranh udn theo dang dudng cong d i chgn (hinh 4).
Xich sQ dung l i xich ong eon l i n , cic dTa xich dugc iQa chgn tuy thugc v i o bien dang dudng cong m i iQa chgn cic dia xich ed cie dQdng kinh khic nhau (nhdm t i e g i i iQa chgn v i sQdung xich, dTa xich va lip xe dap, co sin tren thj trudng)
2.2.1.2. Phan dieu khien
Sa b i n dugc dieu khien bdi bd dieu khien PLC S7 200, CPU224 eiia Siemens (hinh 6). Q u i trinh dQng xe tai cic diem v i reset xe ve vi tri ban dau dugc dieu khien bdi PLC. Cie nut bam dieu khien xe sQdung loai dieu khien tUxa, thu p h i t sdng RF (hinh 3). Oien ap nudi cho bd thu p h i t sdng RF l i 12V, Tiep diem ddng n g i t cua bd RF l i kieu ro le.
Tiep diem cua bg RF dua tin hieu 24V mdt chieu v i o PLC de dieu khien xe.
2.2.1.3. Phan khung
Hinh 5. Kit cdu vd kich thudc phdn khung
Hinh 4. Sddo truyen dgng cakhi
-Dgng cO:
Nhdm t i c g i i da iQa chgn, sQ dung loai ddng CO mdt chieu 12V - 70W cd gan hop giam tdc l i true vit, b i n h vit d i m v i o ehuyen dgng deu, cdng
DQgc chet tao bang ket cau h i n v i bat bulong, vit; Khung sa b i n sQ dung thep hop 20x40; Mat b i n sQ dung go ep d i y 6mm, trai t h i m tren be mat; Xung quanh khung sa b i n sQ dung nhdm dinh hinh de tang tinh tham my. Chan sQ dung thep hop 25x50 (hinh 5)
2.3. Dac tfnh ky thuat
Sa b i n hinh t i p dugc truyen ddng nhd mdt ddng CO dien mdt chieu 12V-70W qua ea cau
So 35 thing 8/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y N G H E [17]
truyen ddng l i dTa xich va d i y xich. He thdng cd bd tri eic co eau nhan biet h i n h trinh de dQng tai cic vi tri xie dinb trQdc Qng vdi ndi dung ciia b i i g i i n g va theo y do sU pham cua ngUdi sQ dung md hinh.
Viet chuang trinh dieu khien xe di v i dQng tai cic diem danh lii, t r i lii tren miy tinh sQ dung phan mem Step7-Microwin.
Md phdng boat ddng chuang trinh tren m i y tinh hoac dung c i p truyen thdng RS232/485 de ket'ndi PLC vdi m i y tinh, download chUOng trinh tU m i y tinh v i o PLC, dieu khien eho chuang trinh chay tren m i y tinh. Quan s i t cac den b i o trang thai d i u vio/ra tren PLC. Kiem tra loi, sQa ldi.
Ke't ndi PLC vdi thie't bj ngoai vi, kie'm tra d i y ket ndi, dieu khien chay he thdng v i quan sit he thdng boat ddng tQ dd rut ra ndi dung bai hgc (hinh 6, 7).
"T
'
PLC S7-200r
1 0 11 1 «
&-
[RLIYHinh 6. So do ket noi PLC v&i thiit bj ngoai vi
Hinh 7. Sa do ket noi ro le v&i dgng c& xe
Sa 66 ke't ndi PLC vdi thie't bj ngoai vi:
2.4. Pbqm vi dng dung
Sa b i n hinh t i p l i i xe qua vet b i n h xe, dUdng hep vudng gdc dugc sQdung ehinh trong dao tao l i i xe. Ngoii ra edn sQ dung trong d i o tao n g i n h dien va cdng nghe ea khi, eu the:
SQ dung trong dao tao l i i xe d td:
True quan cho cic bai cu the:
- Bii 11.4.1: Lii xe qua vet b i n h xe
- Bii 11.4.2: Lii xe qua dudng hep vudng gde Nganh dien:
- Mdn hgc l i p trinh PLC S7-200
- Thuc h i n h ky nang ke't ndi, ghep noi mgt he thdng dieu khien h o i n chinh.
Nginh Cakhi:
-Tinh t o i n thie't ke cae bd truyen dgng cakhi, ke't cau
- L i p qui trinh edng nghe ehe tao, gia cdng sin pham CO khf
- L i p d u t o i n v i td chQc thi edng.
Hinh 8. Hinh anh tong the Sa bdn hinh tap idixe qua vet bdnh xe vd dudng vong vuong goc
2.5. Van bdnh
- Cung cap ngudn dien 220V eho PLC;
- Cung cap nguon dien DC 12V eho ddng cO, thdng qua eic Ro-le ddng ngat;
SQdung dieu khien tQxa, dieu khien choxe chay thdng qua cic nut dieu khien:
- An nut A: xe se di ehuyen theo chQOng trinh.
Tai cic thdi diem quan trgng xe se dQng lai eho g i i o vien phan tieh, g i i n g g i i i c i c thdi diem xe dQng, d i n h t r i l i i , eu the:
Bdi Qua vet bdnh xe:
Xe tie'n v i o hinb: Oap ly bgp, v i o sd 1, them ga, dieu khien xe chay song song vdi canh IK, binh xe nam giQa 2 vach I K v i I'K'vidi ra khdi hinh t i p (cdc ky hiiu I, T, K vd K' do ta quy Ude).
Bdi Dudng hep vudng gde:
-i Xe tie'n v i o hinh: Dap ly hgp, vao sd 1, them ga, dieu khien xe chay song song vdi canh AB, eich ABtU 0 , 2 - 0 , 4 m
-^Thdi diem li'y l i i t r i i : Quan sit khi guang chieu h i u ben t r i i cich vach B'C khoing 0,4 - 0,6m {tuang Ung tdm diim tiip xuc ciia bdnh xe trUde ben trdi tiep gidp vdi mat ngang bang vach B'C) thi li'y nhanh va het l i i sang trii.
[18] K H O A H O C D A Y N G H E S6 35 thing 8/2016
+ Thdi diem t r i l i i : Quan s i t tQ vj tri ngQdi l i i qua diem giQa mep kinh c h i n gid phia dQdi v i diem C t h i n g h i n g thi t r i l i i v i l i i xe song song vach B'C; c i c h vach B'C tQ 0,5 - 0,7 m.
-I- Thdi diem lay l i i phii: Quan sit khi gQOng chieu h i u ben trai eich vach CD khoing 0,4 - 0,5m (tuong Qng t i m diem tiep xuc cua banh xe trQdc ben p h i i tiep g i i p vdi mat ngang bang vach CD) thi lay nhanh v i het lai sang phii (Cde ky hieu A, AC B, B', C C; D, vd D'do ta quy ude).
-i Thdi diem t r i lai va l i i xe ra khdi hinh t i p : Quan s i t tQ vj tri ngUdi l i i qua t i m tryc l i i va die'm D ' t h i n g h i n g thi tra l i i v i l i i xe ra khdi hinh tap.
- An nut B: xe se chay ve vj tri ban d i u ddng thdi cung la nut reset chuong trinh.
SQ dung camera ke't ndi hinh i n h ra TV hoac m i y chieu de ngUdi d xa cd the quan sit.
2.6. Ddnh gid khdi qudt bieu qud sddung - Sa b i n hinh tap do CB, GV trong trudng tU thiet keva che tao.
- S Q d u n g e i c m i y mde, thie't bj hien dai san cd cua nha trudng (mdy cdt, mdy mdi, mdy hdn, mdy tien, phayphay mdy kboan, mdy chdn,...).
- SQ dung cie thie't bj vat tU sin cd tren thi trudng (PLC S7-200, cam biin tiem can, cdng tdc hdnh trinh, ddng ca DC, xich, dia xich, diiu khiin td xa,xe mdhinh,...)
- Viec che tao cd HS phu giup nen p h i t huy duge tiem nang tri tue, nang cao kien thQc ly
thuyet, ky nang thQe hanh; N i n g eao phong t r i o tQ bge hdi, ren luyen trinh do b i n t h i n .
True quan eho Bii g i i n g tieh hgp Giio vien day nghe toan quoc nam 2015 v i dat g i i i Ba
Tham gia Hdi thi thie't bi day nghe t u l i m tinh Q u i n g Ninh nam 2015 da dat g i i i Nhat cudc t h i j ^
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1. Giio trinh Ky t h u i t l i i xe, Nxb Giao thdng Van t i i ;
2. Thdng tQ sd 45/2012/TT-BGTVT ngay 07 t h i n g 11 n i m 2012 eiia Bg Giao thdng Van Tii ve Quy djnh d i o tao, sat hach, cap Giay phep l i i xe co gidi dudng bg;
3. Thdng tU sd 58/201S/TT-BGTVT ngay 20 t h i n g 10 nam 2015 eiia Bd Giao thdng Van Tii ve Quy djnh dao tao, s i t hach, cap Gii'y phep l i i xe CO gidi dudng bd;
4. QCVN 40: 2015/BGTVT Quy chuan ky t h u i t Qudc gia ve Trung t i m s i t hach Lii xe co gidi dudng bd;
5. Chiu Chi OQc, (2008), Ky thudt diiu khiin ldp trinh PLC Slmantie S7-200, Nxb T h i n h phd Hd Chi Minh;
6. Pham Phu Thg, (2010), Lap trinh PLC eua hdng Siemens (ddng S7-200);
7. Hoang Minh Thuan, (2015), Sa bdn hinh tap Ldi xe qua vet bdnh xe, dudng hep vudng gde, Hd so Hdi thi Thie't bj day nghe tQ l i m tinh Q u i n g Ninh nam 2015.
Ngay nhan b i i : 29/7/2016 N g a y p h i n b i e n : 20/8/2016 N g i y d i n g : T h i n g 8/2016
