I Nghien ci>u - Ky thuat
Cac cay thuoc co tac dung
lam ha glucose huyet va dieu trj dai thao duotig
(Tiep theo s6 430. thing 02/2012}
B 3 Trung Bdm
Ofciscorea ^ thuOc hg Cu nSu Dioscoreaceae MOt vj thudc Ddng d Nhdt gpi id "Sanyaku' Id thdn rS cDa D. Japonica c6 tdc dgng Idm hg glucose huyit d chuOt nhat tring.' TIP cao, da chiit xuit, phdn l|ip du-p-e 6 glycan Id cdc dioscoran A, B, C, D, E vd F. NhO-ng dioscoran ndy cd tdc dgng Idm hg glucose huyit ddng k i d chuOt nhit tring binh thu'dng vd chuOt bj tang glucose huyit do alloxan'^^'. Nhi>ng jaolysaccharid chiit tCr ddi cQ cua cdc lodi Dloscorea batatas Decne., D. bulbifera L., D.
gracHlima vd D. asclepladae cung cd ho^t tinh h^ glucose huyit^^'. Cao todn phin chiit bang cdn thip dO vd cdc phdn do^n chiit ciia cao tit r i cu cOa D. dumentorum cd tdc dgng hg glucose huyit cd y nghia d thd vd ehuOt nhit tring binh thydng lOe ddi cQng nhu* d thd bj ddi thdo dudng do alloxan ti^e nhjn ddi. NhO'ng kit qud trdn dd chdng minh vi$c sd dyng vj thudc ndy cila cdc thdy thudc ed tmyin d i diiu trj b§nh nhdn ddi thdo du-dng""'.
0 Vi$t Nam, cd lo^i khoai ddi ho$c khoal trdi D. bulbifera L., ehua thiy cdc lodi D.
asdepiadae, D. batatas, D. dumentonjm. D.
graciHima vd D. japonica, Nhirng ta cd nhiiu lodi thuOc chi Dioscorea khde. MOt sd lodi cQng dd thiy d i c$p din tdc dgng ddi thdo du'dng, ho$c ndu Id chCfa b$nh tiiu khdt (tdn chf bOnh ddi thdo difdng trong Ddng y) nhu' khoai r^ng D.
glabra Roxb., chidm san du-yc D. Hemsleyi Prain. et Buritiil, cD mdi D. persimilis Prain et Burkill ...Ngodi ra, d ta cdn nhiiu lodi thuOc chi Dioscwea khde, cin chO y nghien ciru. C6 t h i k i mOt sd lodi sau:
- D. alata L., tin ViOt Nam Id khoai Vqic, khoai nggt, dt cdi, ci) md, cO dd, cu tring.
- D. chingii Prain. et Burkill, t i n ViOt Nam Id tCr ching, son cdt thy.
- D. cirrhosa Lour., tin Vi#t Nam Id cd ndu.
- D. colletti Hook, f., tin Vi$t Nam Id nin nghi, to collet.
- D. deltoidea Wall, ex Kunth., tin Vi$t Nam Id cO ndm.
- D. esculenta (Lour.) Burkill, tin Vidt Nam Id cfl ti>.
- D. glabra Roxb,. ten Vidt Nam Id Khoai rgng, hodc cu cpe.
- D. hemsleyi Prain. et Burkill, ten ViOt Nam la chidm san du'yc, hodc td Hemsleyi.
- D. hispida Denmst., tin ViOt Nam Id cu nan, cO nd, cO ndu tring.
- D. pentaphylla L., tdn ViOt Nam Id cCl trau hodc td ndm Id.
- D. persimilis Prain. et Burk., tin ViOt Nam Id cu mdi, hole khoai mdi.
- D. pierrei Prain. et Burk., tdn Vidt Nam Id cO tdnifdc.
- D. poilanei Prain. et Burk., tdn Viit Nam Id td Poilan.
- D. zingiberensis C. H. Wright., ten Vigt Nam Id cO mdi gCrng.
Eleuthemcoccus senticosus Maximowicz thuOc hg Nhdn sdm.
d ta, ed mOt thdi gian, vdo nhung ndm 60,70 vd 80, rit nhiiu ngu-d-i khi d LiSn Xd (tnj'dc ddy) ve thu'dng mua cdc Ip thudc, mdi Ip 40 ml djch chiit td cdy E senticosus vd gpi Id sdm Lien Xd.
Mpt logi cao chiit ti> r i cua £ senticosus Idm gidm duge sy tdng glucose huyit do adrenalin d thd vd d ngu'di bj tang glucose huyit do dn udng^^^ Tiem phiie mac cao chiet nuwc cGa vj thudc thd, d Nhgt gpi Id "Shigako"
Id r i cua E. senticosus Idm giam rd rOt ndng dO glucose huyit d chuOt nhit tring. Td cao nu'dc.
da chiit ra duye 7 glycan gpi Id eleutheran A, B, C, D, E, F vd G. Cdc eleutheran ndy c6 tdc dyng hg glucose huyit mgnh d chuOt nhat trdng binh thirdng vd chupt nhit tring bj tang glucose huyit do alloxan'^l
Ephedra distachya L., E. s/n/ca Stapf thuOc hg Ma hodng Ephedraceae. Ten Vift Nam ggi chung Id ma hodng
BO ph|in dung Id todn cdy bd re cua cac k>9i ma hodng trdn. Cao chiit bdng cdn thip dg todn TAP CHI DirOC HOC-03/2012 f s A « 1 MIM <"»)
' Nghien CIFU - Ky thuat
cdy E. distadiya dCing cho chuOt nhdt trdng, lijc diu Idm tdng glucose huyit thodng qua, sau dd Id din giai dogn hg glucose huyit keo dai. TCr cao, da phdn Igp du^c 5 glycan, gpi Id ephedran A, B, C, D vd E. Cdc ephedran ndy c6 tdc dgng Idm h$ glucose huyit cd y nghta d chuOt nhat tring binh thuwng va chudt nhat trdng bj tang glucose huyit do alioxan'^l L-ephedrin, mpt ephedran chinh cd tdc dgng ha glucose huyit d chupt nhit trang bj tang glucose huyet do streptozocin. Ca che tdc dung cd the Id Idm phgc hdi cdc tiiu dao tuy, phgc hdi bai tiit insulin, nin Idm hg glucose huyet. 0 Vidt Nam, dd di thyc du-gc cdy ma hodng Tmng qudc E.
sinica Stapf. trdng d Sa pa tfnh Ldo Cai.
Eucalyptus sp. thuOc hg Sim Myrtaceae MOt phdn dogn giau calyptosid du-ac phdn Idp td cdy bgch ddn xanh E. globulus Labiil. cd tdc dyng chdng tdng glucose huyit d thd (Boukef et al., 1976). Cao td bgch ddn chanh E. cltriodora Hook. f. eho thd udng thi glucose huyit thd hg tgm thdi. Sy gidm glucose huyit d thd bj ddi thdo du^-ng do alloxan rd r$t han, tuy khdng giam duvc glucose huyit din mdc binh thu'dng. DCing cao td tnfdc cho thd, sau dd idm nghiOm phdp dung ngp glucose, ttii glucose huyit khdng tang vgt, md du'dng biiu diin glucose huyit dl ngang bing han. Tdc dyng Idm hg glucose huyit du'gc qui cho sy cd mdt cOa myrtilin^.
t/ ta, ngodi cdy bgch ddn xanh vd cdy bgch ddn chanh, cdn cd mOt sd lodi bgch ddn khde cOng thuOc chi Eucalyptus Id:
- E. camaldulensis Dehne., tin Viet Nam Id bgch ddn tring.
- E. cltriodora Hook, f., hodc E. maculate Hook. var. cltriodora (Hook, f.) Bailey, ten ViOt Nam Id bgch ddn chanh.
- E. exserta F. V. IVIuell, tin ViOt Nam Id bgch ddn Id liiu.
- E. globulus Labiil., tdn ViOt Nam Id bach ddn xanh.
- E. rolMsta Sm., ten Vi^t Nam Id t>gch ddn dd.
Hiu hit cdc lodi bgch ddn thuOc chi Eucalyptus diu c6 ngudn gdc d Australia, du-gc nhdp trdng d ta d i liy bdng mdt, de liy go vd d i cdi tgo dit Id chfnh. Id d i cat tinh diu.
Euf^orbia thym'iMia Burm. ho$c £ prostrata ML thuOc hg Thau diu Euphorbiaceae. Tin Vigt Nam Id c6 sua Id nhd
BOt cdy cd sda Id nhd vd cao todn cdy chiit bing methanol Idm giam glucose huyit mOt edch
cd y nghTa d thd binh thifdng, nhung chu'a t h l y ^ tdc dyng d thd t^ tdng ghjcose huyit do alloxan*^.
O ViOt Nam, ngodi cay c6 sda Id nhd, c6 khd nhiiu kidi thudc chi Eu|:rfKxt)ia. Khdng k i 3 kigi xuo-ng rwig nhu- xirang r^ng dng E antiquomm L., xu'ong rdng Id tnic dao hodc xuong rdng ngpc Ian E nerilfolia vd xucmg rln E. milil Des. Moul., con cd mgt sd lodi gin vdi xu^'ng rdng Id nhd, cin chO y nghidn ci>u:
- £ atoto Forst, et Forst. f., tdn Vigt Nam Id thudc ddi hogc dgi kJch biin.
- £ heterophylla L., tdn ViOt Nam Id cd mu hodc cd sda khac la.
- E hiria L., tdn ViOt Nam Id cd sda Id Idn.
- E. hypericifolia L., tdn Vipt Nam la cd sda Id ban hodc Id hin.
- £ lathyris L., tdn Vi^t Nam Id tyc tuy.
- £ pulchemma Willd., tdn ViOt Nam Id trgng nguyen.
- £ rosea Retz., tdn ViOt Nam Id cd sda hdng.
- £ sessiliflora Roxb., tdn ViOt Nam Id cd sda hoa khdng eudng.
- E tinjcalli L. hodc E. longan (Lour.) Steud.
hode Pimocarpus longan Lour., tdn Vidt Nam Id xirang khd hogc cdnh giao.
FIcus benghalensis L., thuOc hg Ddu tam Moraceae. Ten Vi$t Nam Id da Id trdn
Cao cdn vd cdy da Id frdn cd tdc dgng hg glucose huyit d thd binh thu'dng vd thd bj tdng glucose huyet do alloxan. Hogt tfnh cCia cao chO yiu Id do sy cd mdt cilia mOt glycosid Id bengalenosid. Chit nay d dgng chiit xuit tlnh khiit CO tdc dgng mgnh gip 2 lin cao chiit thd vd bang nda hogt tinh ci^a tolbutamid^^. Vd r i cdy da la trdn cd tdc dgng hg glucose huyit ddi vdi ddi thdo du'dng do tuyin ySn'^^ vd ddi thdo du'dng do alloxan^' *'. Hogt chit phytosterolin chiit xuat ti> re vdi lieu 25 mg/kg cho thd udng li:ie ddi Idm gidm glucose huyit bing 81%
totbutamid sau 4 gid, cdn khi tiem ttnh mgeh liiu 5-7,5 mg/kg lam glucose huyit gidm tdi da sau 2 gid^^'. 6 ta, ngodi cdy da Id trdn, cdn cd mOt sd lodi khde cung ggi Id da thudc chi Ficus, cin chO y nghidn ei>u:
- F. altis^ma Blume, tin ViOt Nam Id da, hogc da tfa, da trdn.
- F. drupacea Thunb. ho|c F. pilosa Reinvi/.
ex Blume, T6n ViOt Nam Id da Idng.
- F. elasdca Roxb. ex Homem., tin ViOt Nam Id da bup dd.
- F. nimphii Blume, tin Vidt Nam Id da bd d i hodc Idm vd.
TAP CHi DirpC HQC - 03/2012 (S6 431 N A M 52)
• Nghien ciru - Ky thuat
- F. semicordata Buch. -Ham. ex Sm. hogc F.
cunia Bueh.-Ham. ex Roxb., tin ViOt Nam Id da Id lOch hodc eg ngt
F. sumatrana Miq. var. subsumatrana (Gagnep.) Comer hodc F. subsumatrana Gagnep., tdn ViOt Nam Id da cua.
- F. talboti King., tin Vigt Nam Id da talbot.
Ngodi ra, d ViOt Nam, cdn cd nhiiu lodi si, sung, ngdi, vd... cOng thugc chi Ficus, cung cd t h i c6 tdc dyng, ndn quan tdm nghidn cdu:
- F. auriculata Lour, tdn ViOt Nam Id va.
- F. benjamina L., tin ViOt Nam Id si.
- F. carfca L., tin ViOt Nam Id sung ngpt, hodc sung trdi.
- F. erecfa Thunb. var beecheyana (Hook et Am.) King. ho$e F. beecheyana Hook et Am., tin ViOt Nam Id sung thiin tidn.
- F. fistulosa Reinv. ex Blume, hogc F septica Burm. f. var fistulosa (Blume) Comer, tdn ViOt Nam Id sung bOng.
- F. fulma Reinv. ex Blume, tin VIOt Nam Id ngdi vdng ho$c ngda Idng.
- F. hirta Vahl. var. Roxburghii (Miq.) King, tdn ViOt Nam Id ngdi khf hodc ngod khf.
- F hispida Linn, f., tdn ViOt Nam Id ngdi.
- F. lacor Bueh.-Ham., tdn ViOt Nam Id sung dj.
- F. microcaipa L., tin Vidt Nam Id si qud nhd hodc gda.
- F. pandurata Hance., tdn Vldt Nam Id sung Id ddn.
- F. pumila L., tdn ViOt Nam Id trdu cd, sOp.
hoOc vdy dc.
- F. racemova L., tdn ViOt Nam Id sung.
- F. religiosa L., tdn ViOt Nam Id d i . - F. sagittate Koenig. ex Vahl. var. sagiBata, tdn ViOt Nam Id sung diu tin, mgnh trdu ho$c thidn nguii ding.
- F. simpliclssima Lour., vij bd se.
- F. simpliclssima Lour. var. hirta (Vahl.) Migo, tdn ViOt Nam Id vu bd.
- F. subp^ifonnis Hook et Am., tdn ViOt Nam Id cdnh nd hoOc m ri bai.
- F. Ucoua Burm., tdn ViOt Nam Id sung ti cd.
- F. tinctoria Forst. f. subsp. gibtjosa (Blume) Comer, ho$c F. gibbosa Blume, tdn ViOt Nam Id sung biu.
- F. variegate Blume, tin ViOt Nam Id vd rimg.
• F. varidosa Lindl. ex Benth., ho|c F.
lEangibenens/s Gagnep., tin ViOt Nam Id sung rd.
- F. virens Alton, tdn ViOt Nam Id sung xanh.
T^JP CHi DirpC Hpc - 03/2012 (S6 431 N A M 52i
Fumaria parviflora L., thugc hg Cu^ rj Fumariaceae
Bdt cdy F. pan/iflora lam gidm cd y nghla glua)se huyet d thd binh thu'dng, nhu-ng cao chiet bing methanol Igi l^dng cd tdc dgng. Cd bOt cdy , ca cao deu khdng ttiiy cd tdc dgng d thd bj tang glucose huyet do alloxan (Akhtar et al., 1984). & ta ehua thiy cd lodi ndo thugc chi Fumaria dugc dung Idm thudc.
Gafega officinaUs L., thugc hg Ddu FatKKsae Cay mang hoa khd vd hgt khd cOa cdy G.
offidnalis L. dirge dung tmng y hpc ddn gian, d i i ttiudc ham d i chda bOnh dai tfido du'dng"^. Cao nmSfc vd cao cdn cua id cay G. officinalis L. khi cho thd bj dai thdo du^yng do alloxan dOng dudi^
udng, Idm gidm glucose huyit vd hdm lu'p'ng glycogen trong gan tdng ten^. Nhiiu nghidn cinjT^ cho thiy, hogt chit cd tdc dyng Idm hg glucose huyit Id galegin. 0 ViOt Nam, chu-a tfily lodi ndo thudc chi Galega du'gc dCing Idm thudc.
Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., thugc hg Linh chi Ganodermataceae. Tin ViOt Nam Id linh chi
Cao nit&c cua qud thi linh chi (ten vj thudc d Nhdt bdn gpi Id "Reishi") Idm gidm glucose huyit cd y nghTa d chudt nhit tring. Td cao nydc da tdeh phdn dogn va thu du^rc 3 glycan Id ganoderan A, B vd C. Nhdng glycan ndy cd tdc dgng hg glucose huyit rd d chupt nhat t^ng binh thydna vd chudt bj tdng glucose huyit do alloxan'^'- ™'. 0 ViOt Nam, ngodi lodi Linh chi G.
lucidum, cdn cd riit nhiiu lodi khde thupe chi Ganoderma, cin chO y nghiin eti-u, vi day Id nhdng cdy cd triin vpng (nhiiu logi nim thupc chi ndy, d Vipt Nam cdn chu-a cd tdn):
- G. amboinense (Lam. ex Fr.) Pat.
- G. applanatum {Pars, ex Gray.) Pat.
- G. boninense Pat.
- G. capense Lloyd Teng, tin ViOt Nam Id linh chi s6.
- G. cochlear {Bl. et Nees.) Bres.
- G. formosanum Chang et Chen.
- G. fulvellum Bres.
- G. japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd, tin ViOt Nam Id linh dii tfm hogc tTd chi.
- G. oroflavum (Lloyd.) Teng.
- G. rivulosum Pat. ex HaT.
- G. subtomatum MUTT.
- G. tenue Zhao, Xu et Zhang.
- G. tomatum (Pers.) Bres.
- G. tsugae Mun*.
(Con nua)
