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Den voi Trung Hoa - mpt trong nhiing chiec noi van minh sam nhat ciia nhan lo^i - khong nhirng chiing ta chiem nguang ve d?p thien nhien hCing vT cung cac cong trinh kien true vT dai, ma con tiep xiie voi mgt the gioi tinh than co truyen thong lau doi, tir ngh$ thu|t tgo hinh, van hoc, tnSt hgc va ton giao den vo ngh? dual cai ten Kungfli hay Wushu. Ciing trong dong chay iy, chiia Thieu Lam - bieu tuong van hoa cua Trung Hoa, di san van hoa the giai dugc T6 chiic Giao dye, Khoa hgc va Van hoa cua Lien Hgp Quoc (UNESCO) cong nh|n - da thu hut moi quan tam va hiing 'khai deic bi?t ciia gioi nghien cijru va gioi nghe sT Ho di sau vao tim hieu nhung 'truyen ky lich sii ky bi cung nhu nhiing 'dong gop ciia truong phai Thieu Lam vao
•nSn vSn hoa Trung Hoa va thS gioi.
•' Ngay nay, con nguofi mai chay theo nep
^song V9t chat, nhieu khi khong biet minh 'con song hay da chet. Trong tinh canh hon -mang nhu thi, hinh anh thien su Vi$t Nam
Thich Khong Lg sirng sirng tren dinh Co Phong thet mgt tieng dai lanh ca hu v6,
"Huu thoi true thuong co phong dinh, truong khieu nhat thanh han thai hu"*'^, va hinh anh Bo De Dat Ma chan dap cgng lau qua song, "cuac d^p 16 diep qua giang"*^' trong canh hoang hon, dpng I^i trong long doc gia buc tranh eon nguoi ludt song sinh tu tra ve ben bo giai thoat lam eho nguoi ta phan van, dau la gioi han eua con nguoi, ciia v6 thuat va dau la ben bo h^nh phiic ma kiep nguoi muon toi.
Vo thuat Trung Hoa (cuong, duong) va dao ly nha Phat (nhu, am) khong biet tu bao gia da hoa quyen lam mgt tao nen bieu tuong huyen bi day ma luc ve su vo djch ca tam cong. Cho nen, lam the nao de hoan thien con nguoi ve mU the chat lan tri tu^, CO kha nang lam chii ban than, lam chii cam xuc va ehien thang chinh minh. Dong thai, thyc the con nguoi van con nhirng tiem an chua dugc khai thac, c6 nhiing dieu van dang la an so nen tac gia nghien ciiu van de nay.
AIGHltN CllU TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 2015 -
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L THI£U LAM CONG PHU 1. Chiia Thieu Lam
Tren trang web ciia Dai sii quan Trung Qudc tai Cong hoa Nam Phi giai thi$u Vo thu?lt Thi§u Lam nhu sau. "Thieu Lam cong phu - minh hga dien hinh van hoa Trung Hoa c6 dai, duac pho biln of nhilu quoc gia vai nen van hoa khac nhau. Do la mpt huySn thoai song dpng trong lich sii cua nen van minh nay Vo thuat Thieu Lam da tro thanh tai san tinh thin quan trpng cua nguoi Trung Quoe va van hoa di san quy gia thupc sa hu:u cua tat ca mpi nguoi tren the gioi"''''.
Chua Thilu Lam - khu quan the kien tnic lieh sir nim a tinh Ha Nam Trung Quoc - chua day bi an va sue manh da dupe UNESCO cong nhan la di san van hoa thd gioi ngay 1/8/2010 boi ve d?p hiing vT va nhiing gia tri van hoa to Ion.
Kiln tnic su Duong Ho Thanh nh|n xet, nhiing eong trinh ciia ngoi co tu nay mang cac net kien tnic khae nhau, mo phong di san lau doi eiia van hoa Trung Hoa co d^i.
Theo Tuc Cao Tang truyen (MS^ifil) ciia Dao Tuyen, nam Thai Hoa thu 19, trieu d?i Bac Ngyy, vua Hieu Van xay dyng chua Thieu Lam, ban tang cho vi cao Tang An Dp ten la Bat Da (Bhadra) dung de cu tni ma hanh dao. Den nam Hieu Xuong thii 3 trieu dai Bae Nguy, dai su B6 Dd Dat Ma ( # ^ i i i i ^ , Bodhidharma) ddn Thieu Lam truyen ba Thien tong Dd tranh met moi sau khi thien tpa, lai o niii cao, nham ehong lai eai ret cat da cung su tan cong cua thii dir, Ngai da soan ra cac phuang phap phong ve, ve sau goi la Thieu Lam cong phu.
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Vo thult ThiSu Lam phat triln manh mS vao doi Duong, sau khi 13 vo Tang giup Vua Duong Thai Tong pha tran Vuong ThS Sung. Lich sii vo thuat Trung Qu&
con nhSc nhilu den ba vi co cong Ion nhat tir Thilu Lam Tu la Chi Thao, Hu$ Duong va Dam Tong. Vo Thuat Thilu Lam nguyen thuy co 18 thi chinh yeu. Din dm T6ng, Tong Thai T 6 phat triln thanh 32 thi Truong quyen. Mot the ky sau, Giac Viln Thuong Nhan mo rong thanh thit thap nhi huyin cong. Niia sau thofi Duong, song song vai viec luyen vo, Thieu Lamty tro thanh trung tam thiln hoc khi su xit lap dia vi T 6 dinh cua Ph|t Giao Thilu tong duac khai xuong. Vao thoi Nguyen, trilu dinh cim chi chi tao binh khi, dm quan chiing luyen vo, nhung vin co quan he mat thilt voi Thilu Lam nen khong ngan tap luyen. Tir do, trai qua nhilu trioi dai, cac Dai su khong ngung ren luy^nva sang tac them khien cho vo thuat Thieu Lam ngay cang phong phii va do SQ.
Den doi Minh, Thilu Lam nSi tiing vt con phap vai tac pham "Thieu Lam cSn phap Thien tong" ciia Trinh Tong Hy. Ben canh su phat trien con phap, quyen cudt cung phat trien vuqt bac. Phong each va dac diem quyen phap thoi nay chii yeu la doi khang, chii trong den ky thuat thyc chiln. Thiln su HuyIn Ca, su6t dai nghifn ciiu quyen phap, da tro thanh dau ITnh v6 tang noi tieng Ve sau, Truong KhSng Sieu, dua vao di phap ciia HuyIn Co viS tac pham "Quyen Kinh" n6i tiing - chi yeu giai thieu su van dung bo phap, tlai phap cung nhu yeu ITnh vl than, thu, bft nhan va khi cua Thieu Lam quyln.
NGHieNCl)UTIIUNGgu6C5o2(162)-2lli
Quyen thien h^p nhdt trong vo thuat..
Dinh cao vo thu|t Thieu Lam la vao doi Thanh, thoi Chi Thi?n Thi^n su; khong nhung phat trien trong Tang nhan ma con truyen ra ben ngoai, di vao doi song, tao nguon song manh me, nang cao tinh thin thugng vo, cuu khon pho nguy. Vao cuoi doi Thanh, phia Nam luu truyin cong phu Nam phai, lay Thieu Lam tai Truyin Chau lam trung tam, phia Bac luu truyin BSc phai, lay Thieu Lam Tung son lam trung tam, Thieu Lam Bach Hac phai tai huyen Quan Do, tinh Van Nam; va Thieu Lam Bac phai Son Dong, tai tinh Son Dong mien Hoa Bac.
2. S u t e B o D l D a t M a
' Hinh anh To su Bo De Dat Ma ton tai i hom nay nhu mgt nguoi co tuang mgo 1 hung dii, doi mat luon trgn trang, may quam I^ii, rau den ca mat, giong nhu euop i bien. Dac bi§t la doi mat, to va sau tham J nhu hu vo. Doi mat do thuang nhin trimg j trung bat dpng, nhu c6 manh lye vo hinh, I khien nguoi ta xao xuyen, khiep so Cho
nen, van hpc Trung Hoa diing tir "bich
• nhan ho tang" nghTa la "nha su mat biec rdit Ho" de gpi Ngai. Tir do, Ngai buoc
; chan vao huyen su nhu Tnic Thien cam than "Tu Tung son, sirng siing ben vach , da Thieu Lam, bong Nguoi nga dai suot
Hch su Dong Phuang nhu mpt tugng trung thuan tiiy ciia D^o. Ngot mudi lam the ki, Jong nguoi con nghe dong vgng tieng
Nguofj noi; chon Gia lam con vang dpi buoc Nguoi di"
Theo Bach trugfng thanh quy, Ngai ten la Bo De Da La, con trai thii ba ciia vua
i Huong Chi, dong Sat De Lgi, Nam Th;eh Tnic*"'- v l sau, dpi la B6 D l Dat Ma, NGHICN CliU TRUNG QU6c so 2(162) - 2015
nghTa la da thong lugng doi vai cac phap^^'. Vai noi niem thon thuc truoc nhirng bien thien ciia cupc doi, truac noi dau muon thua cua kiep nguai trong dong chay vo thuang ma Ngai phat tam xuat gia, tim cau su giac ngo. Ngai "nuoi chi cau phap Dai thira, tnit lop ao trang cu sT khoac len chiec ao nau song, quyet lam hung thinh hat giong Thanh. Thoai mai trong long, thong suot the su, trong ngoai sang ro, due hanh vugt ngoai khuon mau the gian". Tir nhan duyen do, Ngai dupe To Bat Nha Da La (PrajiiAtAra), doi thu 27 eiia Phat giao Thien Tnic truyen Y Bat lam To doi 28.
Sau thofi gian an than tu tap de dap tan nhiing dinh kien, vuot qua nhiing doi lira cua tri giac sai lam va den luc anh trang hien ro giiia bau troi cao rong, ca duyen chin mui, Ngai len thuyen vuot bien sang Trung Hoa vao ngay 21 thang 7 nam M|u Tuat. Vua Luong Vo De hay tin lien moi ve Kim Lang hpi kien Sau vai lan tiep chuyen. Bo De Dat Ma bieu Ip chat nghe sT ngang nhien ciia nguoi sieu thoat, trong khi Luang Vo De la vi vua thuan thanh, nhung chua thoat ra khoi tri 6c tam thuofng ciia the tuc, nen khong the lanh hoi nhiing huyen nghia cao sieu ciia b|c dai nhan.
Duoi mat Thien su, danh Ipi phon hoa eiia cupc doi nhu may chieu suong som. Canh doi vo thuang mgng huyen. Mot loi con khong muon thot ra, ha huong la van tu trgn chang mang den. Khi khai dirt khoat, tu tuong sieu viet, xem nhe vi^c doi nhu cat byi. Do do Dat Ma To Su bo ve Ho Nam.
Tuong truyen, Ngai but cong lau nem xuong song, roi diing tren do ma vugt Truang Giang de den Thieu Lam Tu, vao nam Hieu Xuong thu ba, doi Bac Nguy.
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Hien nay, tir Lac Nhan dam vong theo huong Dong Nam, 16i di tCrng b?c da ngoan ngoeo len suon Thieu That c6 Tran Vo dong. Ben trong khac hang ehii. "D^t Ma thien su tham thien ehi linh vi"^^* va phia duoi la chiec lu lan bang dong, dat tren phien da - noi ky niem Dat Ma To su cuu nien di$n bich. Vl sau, cac the he ke thira da tan than Ngai nhan ky gio To hang nam bang loi sa vai van phong trang nha, ton kinh: "Lon lao thay chanh truyen, noi dong doi Ph|t, Trong tron khong Thanh, pha tan nhirng hiem nguy ciia nghTa hpc Tram song ve bien, nao con dong chay rieng tu Mat troi tren khong, chang con hinh anh rieng re. Chi thang tam nguoi thanh Phat Khe hop dieu d^o ma quen loi, quen loi de thay dao. L^p cong to eiing the giao, ehan dgng lan 6 Tong phong. Hien doa l/u dam giiia dong doi nho ban, lam vi To dau tien. Nam van khi Dai thira tai Trung Quoc, trgn nh|p vao khuon kho.
Vira gap ngay chon giay, ben dang le tuong ni^m. Nguong mong, tin y bilu thj, vi?c lan ciia Phat To, sire nang ngan can.
Mpt hoa xoe na, miia xuan troi dit, tham mai muon nam"''*
Theo Bach trucmg thanh quy, ngay mdng 5 thang 10 nam Binh Thin, nhSm nam thii 19 nien hieu Thai Hoa nha Nguy, Ngai ngoi yen l^ng ma tjch, Ngay 28 thang Ch^p, dem an tang a nui Hung NhT, xay thap tai chua Djnh Lam. Nha Duang phong thuy hi?u la Vien Giac d?i su, thap ten la Khong Quan'^'.
3. Phong each va dac diem vo thuat Thieu Lam
Trong qua trinh phat triln, mon d6 Thilu Lam da lua Igc, tim toi tir cac
nguyen tSc can ban cua Dat Ma su to ket hpp voi ky thult vo co truyin thuin tiiy Trung Hoa dl lam giau them vo cong Thilu Lam. Bang chiing la su co mat trong vo kinh Thilu Lam bai Thai To truang quyln ciia T6ng Thai t6, Hinh Y quyln ciia Nhac Phi, va dac biet anh huong Ngi gia Thai cue do Truong Tam Phong - mon dh Thieu Lam, sau lap phai Vo Dang - khoi xuong. Do anh huang do vo cong Thieu Lam giam tinh thuan cuong, von la tinh chii ylu thuo khai l|p.
Nguofi dong gop nhieu nhat trong vi?c ma rgng toa nha vo cong Thieu Lam la Giac Viln thien su - song cuoi doi nha Minh. Truoc khi tai Thieu Lam tu h{?c, ong da uyen tham vo thuat nen de dang thay vo Thieu Lam nang ve cuong tinh, khien trong khi luy?n tap, mon sinh phung phi nhieu sire luc. Dieu nay h^n che miic thanh tuu ciia nguoi hgc v5. Do do, trong phat kien cua minh, ong van theo nguyen tae lay cuong lam chii, nhung ciing dgn them, trong cuong co nhu, trong nhu co cuong. Voi quan ni^m do, ong tu chinh bai La Han thap bat thii, v6n chi 18 thuc thanh 72 thirc. Song, khong thoa man, ong rm Thieu Lam, bon tau giang hi de mo rOng tam nhin. Teii Cam Tiie, ong gap Ly Tau, va dugc gioi thieu gap Bach Nggc Phong- nhan v|t noi danh vo dich cac tinh Scm Tay, Ho Nam, H6 Bic. Sau khi gap, ca ba thay tam dau y h<7p nen ve Thieu Lam Cling nghien cim vo thu|t.
Khong chi gioi vo ma Bach Ngpc Phong con co kiln thuc uyen bac va tri tu?
ngai sang. Ong khing dinh nSng luc con ngu6i khong nam noi co bap, gan xuong ma phai ph6i hgp chat che nam yeu to:
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NGHIlN Cl)U TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 201!Quyin thien h^p nhdt trong vo thuat.
Kinh, C6t, Tinh, Khi va Thin mai khai pha nang luc toan dien de con nguai d?it miic cuong than man tri. Tir quan dilm nay, ong chinh sua 18 thue can ban va 72 thiic ciia Giac Vien thanh Ngu Hinh quyln, voi 5 bai rieng bi^t, mo phong cac loai: Long, Xa, Ho, Hac va Bao. Trong do, Long Hinh luyen Than, Xa Hinh luyen Khi, H 6 Hinh luyen Cot, Hac Hinh luyen Tinh va Bao Hinh luyen Kinh.
Vo thuat Thieu Lam duac dung xay tren ca so ly luan y hpc co truyen Trung Hoa, phii hgp vai quy luat v|n dong co thi con nguoi. Cac chieu thiic luon kit hop giua dpng va tTnh, can bang am - duong, cuong - nhu lien mach Ngoai ra, mgt nguyen tac khac la Luc hop: Tay hpp chan, diii hop goi, vai hop hong, tam hgp y, y hgp khi, khi hop lue thi moi tung chieu dung manh va hieu qua. Tuy nhien, d^c diem noi b|c va then ch6t nhit chinh la Quyen Thien hap nhit. Boi vi, Ngai B6 D I D^tt Ma vira la Ton su vo hgc vira la Ton su khai sang Thien tong Trung Hoa nen ban than Ngai la su hoi tu cua Quyen va Thien. Vi the, khong nhiJng npi dung mang tinh triet ly hgp nhat am duang ma ca su dinh tTnh qua su tTnh tga, dieu tiic hai thof nhim the nh|p vao the tanh tu nhien ciia chan tam.
n. QUY£N THI£N H(?P NHAT TRONG VO THUAT THIEU LAM TRUNG HOA
L Qua phuoTng phap ren Iuy|n mon dl
Trong tac pham Luc Mach Than Kiem ciia Kim Dung, nha su gia quet rao 6 Tang Kinh Cac chiia Thieu Lam da giang cho Mp Dung Bac va Tieu Vien Son ve yeu to NGHIEN CIJ(U TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 2015
can ban luyen v5 Thieu Lam cin phai kit hgp vai thien thi khong lac vao ta dao,
"Bay muoi hai tuyet ky, moi thu diu co cho yeu h^i. Giet nguoi mgt each tan nhan thi pham Thien hoa nen moi tuyet ky phai CO Phat phap tir bi hoa giai. Djnh ly nay khong phai cac Tang liJ deu hieu, nhung moi nguai sau khi luyen dugc bon nam tuyet ky, lai ITnh hgi them ve Thien hgc va tu nhien hieu duac Nen bilt, chii y Phat hgc la cuu nhan do the, ma vo cong l&i de sat sinh Hai thii do trai nguge nhau ma song song rong ruoi la de kilm che nhau.
Cho nen, Ph§t phap cang eao sieu, y niem tir bi ngay eang hung thinh thi nhiJng tuyet ky do mdi co the luyen dupe nhieu".
Chi chiing do da noi ro ton chi luyen tap vo thuat phai ket hgp thien trong viec ren luyen mon do Thieu Lam. Tuy nhien noi ro hon chinh la luyen tam phap. Do la khoi diem chinh yeu eiia vo thu|t. Bang tam phap mai v|n dung tri nao ghi nho, suy nghi, hau ITnh hpi dupe nhijng loi chi day.
Nho tam phap ma cac bac tien nhan quan sat van vat, nghien euu sang tao ra cac the vo. Chiing ta ke thira di san vo thuat ciia nguai xua ma ren luyen thanh d^t vo cong, bang each van dung tam tri tim toi nghien cuu, tuyen chpn tinh hoa tong hgp cac tuyet ky cong phu, sang tao chieu thiie ky ao de hoa giai hoac khac che dieh thii. Ma ren luyen tam phap chinh la each luyen tam qua phuong phap thiln t|p.
Tir do, nho co tam dinh tTnh, hanh gia nhin nhan, quan triet su sinh - tir, nhu D^i su Nam Anh huan thi: "Quan triet y nghTa sinh - tii de song thuan theo quy luat tu nhien thong qua viec ren luyen gia tri nhan each moi nguoi va ve chan tanh con nguai.
Tich cue quang ba d^o ly vai mpc dich
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Chan, Thien, My cua vo hgc bang chinh dao - con duang mang dam net nhan ban va khoan dung trong tinh than ton trgng va giij gin nen di san van hoa Dong phuong Duong tu luyen von dai, phai chuan bi chu dao, ea tinh than lan the chat. Phai dau tranh ehong moi nguyen nhan dua den mat quan binh, ehong mgi dieu phuong h^i den tinh than d&o ly cua mon phai. Cu the la ehong thoi vi ky, tinh tham, san, si va mpi hinh thirc ky thi chiing tge, gioi tinh hay ton giao. Song thuan le can khon khi da hieu ly sinh - tii va biet ton trgng cai nghiep eiia moi nguoi va egng nghiep ciia mpi nguoi".
Ben c^nh do, vo sinh can toi luyen to chat, tinh chat va pham chat de ren luyen ban ITnh ke thira. To chat gom nam to chat the luc Nhanh - dpng tac phan x^ vai toe dp eao; manh - cii dam, da uy luc dong manh; ben - keo dai su duy tri nang lugng co; kheo - phoi hgp dong bp nhieu dong tac, va deo - su uyen chuyen. Tinh chat co bon: Su hieu biet ve ly luan vo hpc, tiic hilu biet chieu sau, nam duoe tinh trilt hpc, vo hgc mgt each bai ban; quan dilm dung dan ve vo thuat, tiic nam eot loi; dam me va niem tin, la dgng luc giiip vugt qua nhirng gian kho tren hanh trinh din voi vo dao; va nhiet huyet, nang dgng, long hang hai, khong sg kho Phim chit, tinh ky luat trong tap the, biet su hoa minh, khiem ton, gin giii mon quy; ham duang tinh thin vo dao, bilu hien nghiem tuc tinh thin thuong vo trong nip sing doi thudng; dii nhan xii thi, trpng nhan nghTa, cong bing, va due bao dung, long nhan ai - chit lieu thu phuc, cam hoa mpi nguoi.
Do do, cac Dai su Thieu Lam nhirng vo cong tuyet the, npi cong thSm hau ma vo due sang ngoi. Trong Thilu Lam Tu, con luu truyen lo'i day cua D^i sir Hanh An nhu tam guong soi muc dich luyen vo thu&t: "Neu ke do la nguoi vo d^io diic xin dupe truyen thu vo cong, Ta se khong day dieu gi, dii mu6n dang ngan vang. Con co the bien da thanh vang mot khi da hip thu vo thuat chan truyen ttr Thilu Lam, va khi dupe ehan truyen con CO thi xuyen qua kim eang thach bieh. Van dung CO the phat sinh kinh luc can c6 va phai chic ehan con khong spf hai de du can dam. Khi xoay minh phai nhanh va uy luc nhu mot con 16c di chuyen khoi the bat l^i ma than nguai van dung tu the, ehiem ITnh vi tri thuan Ipi. Cai duoi tay nhu may che lap anh trang va diing viing tren doi chan tua nhu the niii. Hong tram xuong lam virng chac bg tan, nho thi ma khdng bi danh nga. Ren luyen va ren luyen mSi, neu con la nguoi nghiem tiic thi khong de thcd gian troi qua vo ich".
Vi vay, cac Tien su noi: "Tap v6 gia thuang diie bat thugng luc" nghTa la, tap vo chuong due khong chugng sire. Siic tuy da thuang nhung chua chic khien tam phuc, con CO diic tuy luc kem ma mpi nguoi tam khau phuc. Cho nen, diic la pham chat ciia nguoi luyen vo, la tieu ehuan de du doan nguoi mofi hpc vo c6 the d&t dugc chan cong hay khong. Cac dji su tien boi Thieu Lam rit chii trgng den vi?c huan luyen va bli duSng vo diic, da che ra he thSng cac quy dinh giai cim, bit bupc phai tuan thii nghiem ng|t. Thoi nha Minh, trong Thilu Lam thap dilu gioi uoc co ghi:
"Truyen day hpc tro can chpn Igc thgn
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NGHliN cum TDUNG QUlfC so 2(162) - 201!Quyen thien hcep nhat trong vo thuat.
trpng, neu xae nh|n la ke sT that tha gian di, trung nghTa thi dem ky thuat truyin cho;
nguoi tap luyen lay khoe thi xac, tam hdn lam ton ehi trgng yeu, quen luyen tap sdm toi khong duac tuy y ngung nghi; liy long tir bi lam goc, tinh thong vo nghe de tu v?, khong vi huyet khi cuang cuong ma ham diu da; binh nhat phai ton kinh Su truang, khong dugc ehong cu hoac ngao man"
Trong dofi song, cac vo sinh rut re truoc doi thii, hay truoc cai chet. Do la mot van de thuc te nhit. Cho nen cac Dai su hing luu tam den cupc song, chii khong chi trong y niem. Vi v|y, theo Ngo Anh Tuylt, cae vo sinh dugc khai ngg rang: "Khong eo sinh ciing nhu tu a day, xeo ngay khoi phong ta cang nhanh cang tot". Hoac:
"Con hien phai vuot qua bien co gay go nhat doi; con phai lam gi day? Vi thay gam len "Di thang, va cho c6 nhin lai !". Tom lai, do la phuang each cac Thien su d^y do, ren luyen mon do ciia minh.
2. Qua phucng phap tu tap trong cuoc song hang ngay
Tim tam noi com nuoc, thay Ph|t liic noi cuQfi, cho thiy viec tu tap khong phai o phuong troi nao xa voi ma chinh nep song hang ngay - moi truang de tim tam va thay diic Phat hien hien trong tirng khoanh khac noi - cuoi ciia the gian. De tCr do, trong nep song tu tip, tir tung kinh, bai sam, den quet dgn deu mang mgt sac thai nhe nhang, bieu hien su yen tTnh. Mpi dpng tac deu thuc hien Cling viec duy tri hoi tho, nhiep tam vao cong viec. Do la yeu chi eua Thien.
Ben cgnh do, nhiing dpng tac cuoc dat, quet la hay ganh nuac deu la su luyen tap c6ng phu
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUO'C SO 2(162) - 2015
Doi Duang, Luc to Hue Nang de ra chu truong don ngo, cho rang viec tu hanh khong tach roi doi song thuc. Cong phu Thieu Lam bat nguon tir sinh hoat thuong ngay ciia Tang nhan. Rat nhieu chieu thiic vo cong Thieu Lam deu phat trien tir nhung dgng tac thuong ngay nhu ganh nuac, quet san, bo cui. Cong phu cao nhat thuc ra lai eo nguon goe het siie binh di.
Cho nen, hinh anh eae Tang sT xaeh nuac tir suoi len ehiia, xoi com bang each treo minh tren xa nha; cuoc dat trong cay, danh chuong moi ngay, hay cong phu tung niem deu la su thue tap ket hpp giiia vo thuat va tu tap thien dinh. Het thay cong viec do trong cupc song deu nham den su fen luyen de vuprt qua nhirng yeu kem, ren luyen ban ITnh, dong thoi nham d?t dugc su tTnh tam, dieu phuc chinh minh. Noi each khac, do la su dieu phuc tam thoat khoi vgng tuong bang su thuc tap thien; va phap luyen tam chinh la mgt trong nhirng phap can ban eiia vo co truyen, eiing voi tan phap, bg phap, than phap, thCi phap, euoe phap, nhan phap, khi phap tao nen nen tang vo cong.
O mgt goc do khae, tam phap eo the coi la phap mon giup nguoi hgc vo ren luyen, tu tap de vugrt len chinh minh nham d^t dugc tinh than chi cue diem dam. Chinh dilu do ma ong To Dong Pha, doi Tong viet: " Cho ma nguoi xua ggi la hao kiet at phai CO khi tiet hon nguoi. Nhung nhan tinh CO eho khong the nhin dugc. Boi vay, ke that phu gap nhue, tuot guom diing day, vuon minh xoe danh. Cai do chua du gpi la dung. Ke dai dung trong thien ha, trai l^i, thinh linh gap nhirng viec phi thuong ciing khong kinh, vo ca bi nhiing dieu ngang trai cung khong gian. Do la nhof hoai bao lan
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va eho lap ehi eiia ho rat xa Phat d^y ve
"Tam vo quai ngai". Lao Tir noi ve "Vo vi diem tTnh". Khong Tii luan ve "Hao nhien chi khi". Tat ca deu nham vao mpt tam phap chi cue diem dam".
Nhu vay, chiing ta thay, trong nep song hang ngay eiia Tang sT chua Thieu lam da CO su hoa quyen giira yeu to Thien va Quyen. Va ehi khi con nguoi co su diem tTnh thi moi co the ehien thang ehinh minh.
Chinh yeu to thien eung nhu vo thuat deu mang lai ket qua ay trong nep song tu tap hang ngay.
3. Qua phuvng phap luyen tap vo thuat
3.1 Quyen cuo'c
Mot nguyen ly can ban la nguoi luyen quyen nuong vao khau quyet de luyen, nguoi tu thien dua vao loi day dk trCrng tam, khai ngg. The nhung, cai cao sieu la hge de ma quen, neu vuong vao se khong the tien cao hon, vi Thiln xem tri thiic la chuong ng^i hiem tro nhat nen tranh bien giai bang ngon ngu. Vi nhu ngon tay chi mat trang, phai vugt qua ngon tay moi thiy m^t trang ro rang. Do do, thiln khong le thuoc ngon ngii, doi tugng. Mgi su diu rong khong Cho nen nguoi hpc vo cung khong con le thupe vao chieu thiie, the danh ma chi can khoi niem - quyln theo y nghT ma xuit - la chieu thirc da hiln bay.
Do la dinh cao ciia vo thu|t.
Vay quyln la gi? La chuoi dpng tac phii hpp don thi can ban nhu: Gat, chem, cho, dam ma tao thanh, nhlm giiip nguoi tip CO ban ITnh, phan x^ nhanh nhen, siic chiu dung deo dai, tang euong t h i luc, bao ve truoc su tin cong ciia dii phuang.
Quyen cung la tap hcrp cua nhiing cai
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nhanh nhen, sac ben, kheo leo, dai dang hiing dung, uyen chuyen mem m^i; la mgi chu6i t h i thiic lien hoan giiip nguai v6 si CO mpt phuang phap luyen cong nhat djnh.
Cho nen, quyln la nghe thu|t linh dOng, gilng nhu nguai nghe sT dieu khien cay dan. Khong ehi bilt gay m&nh, nhe ma quan trpng hon la biet phoi hpp am thanh tao nen tieng noi dong dieu. Vi v|y, luypn quyln, doi hoi phai nhay cam va suy tuong cac don the va phai eo su thuc t | p thiln de vupt qua trang thai non nong, nham dat du^
su binh lang, nhe nhang thanh thoat nhu nuoc ehay hoa troi. Do vay, nguoi luyen t3p phai dat dugc cai nhin chan th|t do, moi that su the nhap vao vo d^o. Vi thi, Ly Ti&i Long, guong mat xuat sac cua lang vo the giai the ky 20, dua ra triet ly luyen tap, khi chua luyen, thay quyen la quyen, thiy cuoc la cuoc; khi dang luyen, thiy quyln khong phai quyen, cuoc khong phai cudc; khi da nhap vao chin tham sau oia v6, thiy quyen la quyen, cuoc lgi la cuoc.
Vo dgo di doi vai tam d^o, khi chua luyen tap, con nguoi thiy thi gioi ngoai tam, quyen cuoc chi don gian la thi gidi tran tiui ciia nhiing ky thuat ehien diu The nhung, khi the nhap tam vo, tam tri hp vu<}[
khoi ky thuat ehien dau nen thiy quyen la quyln, cuoc la cuoc. D I rli, khi d& kk hpp thien de tam dinh tinh, tire don ngp chan ly vo thuat, cai nhin khong con phSn biet the gidi trong va, ngoai tarn, dep mpi han thii, khong con y sat thi quyln khong con la quyln, cuoc khong con la cuoc. Do ciing la nhiing gi ma thien va quyln hoa quyen de d^t din su vong nga, dat din chieu thiic
"vo chieu" trong vo thu|t.
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Quyin thien h^p nhdt trong vo thuat...
Theo triet hgc Dong phuang, dac biet Phat giao, vai quan niem "Nhat diem phat van thii, van thii quy nhat diem" nen vi tri khoi hanh va ket thiic nhirng bai quyen truyen thong ciing chung mpt dilm. Muon tap bai quyen diing miic, the nhap bai quyen vao than tam, truoc het phai binh tam khong non nong, voi vang truoc ky thult, chieu thiic. Hay bat dau bai quyen bang tinh than diem dsim, tir ton, khiem cung. Tap tir cai don gian, binh thuong, tap tirng the mpt, Igp di lap lai nhieu lan, dua dan ky thuat len miic cao nhat. Do do, ngoai yeu to siic manh, nhanh ehong, chinh xac con co ehien thu|t ma nguoi luyen quyen phai lam song duac cai hon ciia bai quyen, giiip ITnh hpi canh gioi huyen dieu ciia quyen thuat va do cung la cai ma thien giiip dat dupe
3.2 NQI cong va ngofii cong Hinh anh vi thien su ngoi yen tTnh trong tu the kilt gia toa ra chat Heu nhe nhang, tram tTnh. Dau khong lay dpng, song nhiing nguon nang lupng lai dang chau bien toan than nham da thong hai m^ch Nham - Doc, khai mof huyet d?io, don nhan nguon nang lugng hlu thiSn hoa cung nang lupng tien thien de tao nen ngi cong tham h|u. Vi nhu m|.t bien em dem, khong gpn song ma duoi tang sau, bao nguon nuoc dang chuyen dpng, t&o nen dong chay ngam, xua tan nhirng cau ue. Do la hinh anh luyen npi cong, mgt phuang phap vo thult gan ch^t vai thien t|p.
Ngi cong la phuang phap luyen tap khi c6ng bang each t|p trung toi da tam y khi luc theo nhiing phuang thirc d|e biet nham phat huy cac kha nang bi an cua con nguai; la phuang phap tu luyen de phat
NGKICN CliU TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 2015
huy npi luc qua ba ITnh vuc la dilu than, dieu tiic va dieu tam, Ngi cong co hai phuang thiic luyen tap. Mot la, ngi cong tTnh luyen - phuang phap luyen tap bang each ngoi yen lang trong khong khi tTnh mich va tha long than the ciing nhu tam hon. Hai la, ngi cong dong luyen - phuang phap luyen t|p chuyen dgng theo cac bai tap nham tap trung tam y nhu Thieu lam Bat doan cam.
Khi luyen, ngoi ngay thang, giii tam thanh tinh de hit tho. Liic nay eon nguoi la tieu vii tru se hoa minh vao dai vu tru, khai nguon siic manh vo song. Chinh dieu do ma thien su Van Hanh thong minh sieu di, thien su Tir Dao Hanh phap thuat eao tham, thien su Minh Khong bien ao tai tinh. Dau the nao di niia, cot yeu ciia luyen ngi eong la su tTnh tam, tiic dep bo tinh earn dam me xao dgng, lam cho nhiing dam me do lang diu va giii tam thanh tinh vi nhu "nhat phien bang tam tai ngpc ho".
Hinh anh vo su voi co bap cuon cupn, than the ran chae nhu Kim cuang bat hoai chinh la bieu hien nguai luyen ngo9.i cong.
Cho nen, ngoai eong la eong phu luyen ngo^i luc, gom Nhuyen cong va Ng^ch cong, vai cac chieu thiic linh hoat, manh me. Khi luyen dai thanh thi siic luc di chuyen toan than. Nhuyen cong la cong phu ehuyen luyen luc am, nhu. Khi luyen thanh, ben ngoai co the khong eo bieu hien gi nhung luc danh ra nguy hiem. Ngach cong la cong phu luyen siic m^nh cuang duong. Khi luyen dai thanh, chan tay chai sin, nguoi ciing nhu sat, co the trang kien, co bap cuon cugn.
v l phuang dien sinh ly, ca thi con nguoi la mpt thi hoa hgp nhirng te bao,
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phan tii, nguyen tOf khac nhau. Tiiy theo nhung yeu to va dieu kien song xung quanh ma nguon nang luc trong co the dupe gia tang, hay bi suy giam. Trong doi song hang ngay, khi dong mgt vai tro rat quan trpng, trong su lien quan m|t thiet giiia CO the va tam tri eon nguai. Ciing nhu, hoi tho qua viec ho hap khong khi la mgt yeu to quan trpng nhat, trong tien trinh phat sinh nang luc con nguoi.
HL ANH HU'OfNG CUA QUY£N THIEN H(?P NHAT DOI Vdl VAN H6A VA VO THUAT VIET NAM
I. Trong viec luyen tam hinh thanh nhan each cao thtrQing
Nguoi luyen v5 c6 siic m?nh tot ca ve the ehat lan tinh than, va thien cung la mgt nghe thu|t luyen tinh khi, hay diing hon la su chiing thue sau sac, khoi dpng su chuyen hoa co the con nguoi. Vi vay, ren luyen tam ehinh la noi theo buoc chan nguoi xua de tim con duofng huong thugng, tim su tieh mich, tiic tim nhung cam xiic, nhirng cung b|c thang tram eiia kiep nguai trong tiem thirc, vai nhirng hinh anh hon dpn, nhirng mang sang - toi, va 6 do tiem an nguon nang lugng huyIn bi ma con nguoi can kham pha va chinh phuc dl thang hoa.
Cho nen, trong cuge song, eon nguoi khong chi bi de dga do ngo^i djch ma con bi de dpa bai ke npi thii tilm in trong chinh minh ma chiing ta phai vupt qua, nlu khong muon bi dam chim trong cupc chinh ehien cuoi ciing ay. "Vo ngua Thanh Cat Tu Han khong chim buoe truoc bit eii ke thii nao, nhung tam tu Dai Han cam thay bit an khi nhin sau vao cu6i con
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duong ehinh phuc mgt bong dang dang thip thoang dgi cho. Do la ke thii can phai chinh phuc cu6i cung. D^i Han biet ring diu CO tip hgp siic manh ciia tram van hiing binh cung khong thi danh b&i ke thii iy, chinh phuc qu6c vuong iy. Ong cho di tim mgt nguoi tro thii, tim co van thong thai nhit va khon ngoan nhit dl t|p hgp dupe siic m?inh sieu nhien. Sii gia D^ii Han di vao niii Chung Nam thinh cau dao truang Khuu Xii Ca Dao trucmg khoi hanh, bang sa mgc, din t|n d&i ban doanh Ciia Dgi Han dk giang giai cho Dgi H2n y nghTa truong sinh bat tijr, nhiJng in nghia huyIn vi tir quyln thien thu nam nghin eho Ciia Thai thugng Lao quSn. Cuoi quyen Thien thu, khi tit ca an ngii coi nhu da phoi bay y nghTa tham sau. Kha Han chi xac nhan dugc mgt dieu: Ta se la nguai ehien bgi trong cuge ehien cuoi ciing ay",
Va trong So tay vo thuat, lao Vo sir Tran Tien noi; "vo thuat ngoai yeu to tang cuong siic khoe, deo dai, con mang l^i tinh dung cam, tram tTnh, khiem nhudng, Nguofi hgc vo luon tu kem chi minh, mu6n thing nguoi truoc phai thing minh". Tom lgi, "Chien thang minh la chiln cong oanh liet nhit", nhu Dice Ph|t da d&y.
Vi the, se thieu sot neu cho rang kha nang tu ve chi don thuin la kha nang chien dau ehong lai nhiing bgo hanh. Cho nen, mpt nguoi co day dii kha nang tu ve vira ehong lai cac moi de dpa vira khai thong cac nguon nang lupng tiem an de vQng vang ve tinh thin, nhgy ben ve tri tu?
va mgnh me vl thi chit. Boi vay. Than Quang - mgt ngucri dau kh6, thilt tha tim giai thoat cho tam hon dau don ciia minh • sau bao thang ngay tim giai thoat trong
N G H I E N CliU TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 201!|
Quyin thien hfrp nhdt trong vo thu&t..
nhiing dao ly cao sieu nhung khong tim ra loi thoat da lan loi den Tung son cau phep an tam. The nhung, dau Than Quang quy trong tuyet lanh, Ngai Bo De Dat Ma van ngoi yen lang, net mat lanh liing, than nhien. De r6i, truoc tam long kien dinh, y chi quat euong ay, Ngai day, dao ly chi eiu dugc khi nhieu kiep tinh can, lam nhQng viec kho lam, chir dem tam nho nhen, tri cgn cgt va tam khinh man cau dao vo thugng thi nhgc cong vo ieh. Nghe v|y.
Than Quang vung dao chat canh tay ciia minh, to long thiet tha vai chan ly, va da giac ngp.
Thi nhung, ban the ciia van phap that tham dieu nen ngon ngii the gian khong bao giof dien ta het nghTa ly sau xa, chi co tu than thue ehirng, moi eo the thay su vang l|ng nhiem mau ciia phap. Con dung ngon ngir de bien giai, hogc diing dau 6c ly luan de phan tich thi khong dem lai ket qua gi eho su tu ehirng, vi cang phan tich, cang ly luan thi eang sai lam. Do do, canh tay rot xuong vo tinh eua Ngai Than Quang chi la hinh anh binh thuang nhu bao nhieu anh hiing chi sT, nhung m^t loi "diem huyet" ciia Bo De Dat Ma con vang vpng ngan thu. De roi, dong thien nay dugc luu truyen, tong phong dugc tiep noi, soi sang den ngan sau.
Trong dong thien nay, cac vj thien su diing tiing het nhu mgt phuang phap lam birng chan tam hanh gia; va vo thuat cung diing tieng het d8 tao them sire manh Trong Thieu Lam cong phu co phap mon Su tOr hong, dugc cac bac Ton su cat len nhu tieng rong su tii giiia rung xanh, nham dep tan nhung am cong ta ma, ngogi dao.
Dilu nay cho thay, ciing la tieng het,
NGHICN CtirU TRUNG QUO'C so 2(162) - 2015
nhung khi thien sii dung hay xuat hien trong vo thuat lai mang mpt dieu dung khac, dau nguai diing den la mgt thien su.
Muc dich ciia Thien la dat ngp ehan tam, nen ngon ngii Thien la phuang tien dap vo vo bgc cuge dai, la nhat biia chem giiia hu khong ma rung dgng dat trdi. Moi doi tuong, moi hoan eanh deu co mgt eong an thich hop, va ngugc lai, mpt eong an Thien chi khai mo diing can ea va hoan canh.
Nhung cong an ngay xua cac To su tirng diing dl khai ngp cac de tii thi doi vai nhiing nguoi co can co khac dii noi den ngan lan ciing khong eo tae dung
Cho nen, mpt hanh dgng ky dae, hay tieng quat, hogc loi noi bang quo eo the khiln de tuf chat ngg Tu toi miic cao tot, trong nha Thiln gpi la da treo len dau sao tram truang; toi dau sao roi nhung khong dam nhay, hoac khong dugc Thien su khe day thi eung bam net cay sao ma khong dat dugc muc dich ciru canh; hay buong tay h6 thim, nghTa la, dirng ben bof vuc tham khong day, da 16m ehofm, rong reu phii kin, khong biet dat chan a dau cho viing, khong the toi, khong the lui, buong tay thi chet ma song, khong buong la chet
"HuyIn nhai tan thii, tu khang thira duong, tuyet hau tai to, khi quan bat dae"''l Chinh la da buoc vao cua Thien.
Nguoi luyen vo tu khac ky, tu t|p ngay dem nham vupt qua y niem thang - thua, sinh - tii. Neu con mang tu tuong thang - bgi thi khong the dat dupe canh gioi toi cao ciia vo thu|t. Do do, phai binh than tu nhien trong mgi hoan canh, dii 6 chien truong doi mgt voi song chet, Va de dgt din trgng thai do, nguofi luyen vo phai hieu dugc trang thai "vo nhat vat" ciia To Hue
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Nang. Tom lgi, muc dieh ciia vo dao la dua con nguoi tim ve can nguyen ban the, tir do phat Ip sire mgnh dieh thuc; va trong vo dao phai tuyet trir mpi y nghTa nhi nguyen de giac ngp su thong nhat ciia van vat.
2. Trong doi song nghe thuat 2.1 Thu phap
Vo thugt va thu phap deu la di san eua van hoa Trung Hoa, dupe nguoi sau biet den boi su tinh dieu cua chiing. Vo thuat CO npi dung phong phii, hinh thiie da dgng, phong each doc dao, giiip nguoi ta co mgt than the khoe manh, la mot phuong tien tu tam duSng tinh, phong than va eo the duoe eoi la mpt mon the thao thi diu. Va thu phap, "hpe t|p thu phap kha dT tu than duong tanh, dao da tam tinh"^'°', cung de tu than duang tinh, uon nan tinh cam; va ngoai tinh truyen tai thong tin, eon mang tinh nghe thuat eao. Hai ben mgt van mgt vo, tua nhu khong he eo mgt mil quan he nao, ki thuc thi ngupe lai.
"Son Coc viet hanh, phay dai mac sie, Vo Dang quyen phap, phugng miia ring bay. Hiiu Quan viet ngay, moe vang net sit, Thieu Lam quyen thugt, gan c6t la day", la cau noi khang dinh vo thuat va thu phap ciing mgt eo so, tuy khac thi ma eiing eong, ki dieu, trong qua trinh hgc tap CO the doi ehieu, tham khao. Nhu vay, giira vo thult va thu phap eo mii quan he ca ben trong ISn ben ngoai. Vo thuat ham ehira ylu t l ngi ngogi, dac thu nhip dieu v|n dpng ro rang, phan minh. Nhung dong tae trong quyln thu|t mang y nghTa chiln diu, trai qua ren luyen diic kit thanh chu6i he thing htru co hcrp li; khi bilu diln ein
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thi hien tinh thin cua cong thii ket hpp voi ho hip, dpng tae nhip nhang; khi dpng thi nhanh ma co luc, tTnh thi viing nhu da ch6n cgt dinh. Ba ylu t6 "Tinh - Khi - Thin"
trong vo thuat bao ham cai dep cuong cuong uy vii, khi thi mgnh me khong gi can nli.
Con thu phap yeu cau van biit ngng nhe, D^
- An - Don - Toa hai hoa.
Tir do, eo the noi hinh thiic ben ngoai vo thuat va thu phap eo su tuong dong, Thu phap chu truong "Nhap mpe tam phan", tiie gan cot, mau, thit, Vo thu^t ciing de cao "Xuong cot" Da eo nguoi lay tii ehi va bg khung xuong nguoi phan thanh "Ngii cot", nhac nho ean phai co lire, siic manh cuong trang, kinh phat ngay ngin. Tren li thuyet phan ra chuong, bgt, truong, trien, cau, cau, kieu, bang, van van, tuong duong voi day, keo, giang, mo, moc, go, nang, nhay. Thu phap de ra ket cau ngang dpc, neu tu the veo lech, he thong phong tiing thi luyen ca doi viet chii cung bang thira, V5 thugt, than phai ngay, buoc phai virng, chieu thiic gpn gang, doi hoi tinh chuan xac, hai hoa, ehiing chac. Thu phap yeu cau bo cue truoc sau, tien hgu tuang ung, cimg nam, eiing ehep, co trgng CO khinh, co nhu c6 cuong, co lg c6 tang, CO hu CO thuc, CO ngay co lech, co ngan co dai, CO de c6 nhac. Con dpng tac vo thu^t CO tien co liii, co cao eo thap, c6 truong co doan, van van,
Nhu vay, bat dau hgc vo va thu phap, nguoi ta di tir cho dan gian din phirc tgp, tir de den kho, tir nong din sau. Vo thu|t can bat dau tir nhiing dgng tac co ban, hpc thupc nhiing khuon mau, sau do luyen den quyen thuat, r3i din din sang cong thii NGHieNCliUTRUNGQU(fCso2(162)-2015
Quyen thien harp nhat trong vo thugt.
phan biln. Trong khi do thu phap cin bit diu viec luyen chii chan phuang mo pham, sau do mai din Hanh thu va Thao thu. Thu phap CO cac thi chii Chan, Hanh, Thao, Le, Trien, vo thugt co Dao, Thuang, Kilm, Con, Quyln. Trung Hoa c6 dgi eo nhilu nha thu phap noi tiing - xuit than tir quyln thu|t nhu Truong Hiic, Hoai T6, Hoai Hi - nhan quan sat Cong Ton Nuong miia kilm ma thang tien ve Thao thu. Ngugc lgi ciing CO nhiing nha thu phap truong thanh trong vo thuat nhu Ton Lgc duong. Ha Phiic Sinh, Hai Dang thiln su.
Moi quan he ngi tgi giiia thu phap va vo thu|t deu chii y den van dgng c6 tay Lam the nao de van khi luc theo y minh tir ban tay sat thuang duoe doi thu? Chi ein dua vao CO tay ma doan dinh. NIU vai khong buong long thi luc khong thiu khuyu tay, khuyu tay khong loi thi luc chlng din c6 tay, CO tay khong linh hogt thi sao vgn luc vao ngon tay? Viec thuc hanh thu phap dl c|p den phep "De uyen huyen tniu" nghTa la treo tay. Nhu vgy c6 the giup c6 va ngon tay linh hogt, c6 the v|n biit tu nhien, de dang dieu chinh ngng nhe nhanh ch|m, y den dau tay theo den day.
Trong thu phap ngucfi ta diic ket rang:
"Neu than ma khong hoa, thi chii vo hon.
Tam ma khong kien dinh, chir nghTa khong cuang cuong". Tru6c khi viet ehii ean djnh tam tTnh tri, khi viet y a truoc but, mgt net ma thanh, khi mgch lien mien thi chii mdi sinh dpng, khi chay khong roi doi, khong dirt dogn, co nhanh co chgm, co ngng co nhe, gom du Am Duong. Do ciing la chii y ciia thien va thu phap v|y!
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2.2 Dien anh
Chiia Thieu Lam la nguon cam hirng eiia nhieu bp phim vo thuat Hing Kong va Trung Quoc. 6 nuoc ngoai, ngoi chua nay noi tieng sau khi lam boi canh cho logt phim truyin hinh trong nhiing nam 1970 do CO dien vien My David Carradine thu vai chinh. Hien nay, dii chi trich thi nao nguoi ta cung khong the phu nhgn dupe cong lao quang ba cong phu ciia thien su VTnh Tin.
Thanh ph6 Trinh Chau hien eo hon 80 eau lae bg vo thuat va truong day vo vai hon 6.000 mon de. Hang nam, ehiia Thieu Lam don hang trieu lugrt khach tham quan va thang 3/2006 Tong thong Nga Vladimir Putin la nguyen thii quoc gia nuofc ngoai dau tien toi tham Thieu Lam tu.
Ngoi chiia cung da tirng dupe lay lam boi canh cho phim sii thi vo thuat voi kinh phi dan dung gan 20 trieu USD mang tua de Tan Thieu Lam tu ciia dao dien Benny Chan vdi su tham gia dien xuat chinh ciia cac huyen thoai dien anh Hong Kong Thanh Long, Luu Diic Hoa va Tg Dinh Phong cimg ngoi sao Trung Quoc Pham Bang Bang. Trung tam Van hoa Thong tin Chua Thieu Lam Tung Son con h^fp tac vdi Cong ty Dien anh Emperor cua Hong Kong va cac tap doan Dien anh Trung Quoc la Huayi Brothers va Beijing Silver Moon Productions. Day la du an co quy mo Idn va qua do cho thay tni tri chua Thieu Lam rat ean trpng trong viec bao ve thuong hieu ngoi chiia: "Chiing toi khong vpi va lao vao mpt du an dien anh chi vdi muc dich thuong mgi. Phai mit mpt thdi gian dai chiing toi mdi tim duac cac doi
49
tac phu hgp co dii nhirng yeu to can thiet cho mpt du an mang tinh quy mo".
Caeh day may nam, chiia Thieu Lam da to chuc cuge thi Tim kiem Ngoi sao eong phu toan cau tren truyen hinh va qua do tao eo hpi eho nhung nguoi thang cupc nhanh ehong trd thanh ngoi sao. Thang 6/2008, chiia l|p trang web de nhiing nguoi yeu thich vo thuat eo the mua cac vat dung de luyen vo. Ro rang Thieu Lam tu gid day vira la ebon tam linh nhung cung la noi nhgy ben ve thuang mai.
Tom lgi, hinh anh vo thu|t Thilu Lam qua cae thien su da nhe nhang di vao van hpe, nghe thuat, in dam net trong nen van hoa sau day ciia nen van minh Trung Hoa.
Gid day n6 da dugc tai hien Igi mgt each song dpng trong nen dien anh Trung Hoa va la mgt trong nhirng d l tai dugc nIn dien anh quan tam nhieu nhat.
3. Dong gdp cho su- phat trien vo thualt Viet Nam
Anh hudng yeu t l Quyln va Thiln trong nen vo dao Viet Nam va thi gidi co net dgc trung liy nhu tri cuong, i n tang trpng su uyen chuyin, ve dep the hien qua quyln eirdc. Ding thdi, hun diic nen nhiing ngudi CO eong vdi dit nude, nhit la vua Trin Nhan Tong - mgt nha lanh dao ching Nguyen Mong lirng liy ma cung la To su khai sang dong thien Tnic Lam Viet Nam,
Dan tgc Viet Nam co tmyin thing thugng vo tir xua. Do la mat quan trpng trong tong thi nIn van hoa Viet Nam: vo cong eung vdi van tri kit hgp nhau tao nen siic manh van hoa Viet Nam. Cho nen, cac anh hiing dan tgc, nhirng vj vua khai sang
50
ra cac trieu dai Ngo, Dinh, Tiln Le, L;y, Tran, Hau Le, Tay Son, van van, diu xuSt than tir vo tudng. Cac trieu dgi phong kien deu Igp vo dudng, vo dien hoac trudng vo nham lam cho luyen tap v5 nghe, trau dfij binh phap va to chiic thi vo, "dang dao t?o va eung cap nhan tai nganh vo", de tudng gioi thay nhau ra ddi, vo cong phin chSn, the nudc dugc virng manh.
Ky thi vo dau tien d nudc ta vao nam 1429 do vua Le Thai To t l chiic. Din th&i Le-Trinh, dugc to ehiic 3 nam m6t ISn.
Ngudi do dug-c ggi la Cu nhan vo, eao hon la Tien ST Vo; va duoe cir lam quan, Du6i thdi Nguyen cac khoa thi vo van thuong xuyen dugc to chuc. B i y gid, cac dja phuang trong ca nudc cung co lap ra nhfing trudng vo, hoac Id vo dan gian nli tieng, 6 miln Trung co vo Binh Djnh; d Nam Bo CO vo Ba Giong, nay thuoe Tiln Giang.
Va vo ta, truuc hit, thudng chi la nhiing the, mieng rdi rac duoe luu truyin trong dan gian ngng v l tinh dia phuong chir khong CO tinh mon phai hay gia tgc. Vii Viet Nam khong phong phii v l s6 lugng nhung day dii nhirng chieu t h i can ban nen nlu luyen t | p mgt each ben bi va tinh tudng vo ta cd t h i dgt dupe nhilu thanh tich dang k l tren vo dai cung nhu thirc dung ngoai ddi sing. Thur hai, vo thult Viet Nam g i n liln vdi sinh hogt dan gian.
Nhung mon binh khi thong dung nhat deu de kiem, de lam nhu con, roi va dao ki^m Thu ba, vo Viet Nam bi anh hudng vo Trung Hoa, vi dia ly va tho nhuong co dac tinh tuong tu va trong sinh hoat tilp c?n hang nghin nam nen anh hudng giao Itm van hda la chuyen duang nhien. Nhieu N G H | £ N CUU TRUNG QUOfC s o 2(162) - 201S
Quyin thien hap nhdt trong vo thudt....
ngudi cho rang vo Ta la san pham dupe du nhap trong thdi ky bi do ho hay gin day nhat khi ngudi Trung Hoa chgy sang nudc ta lanh nan Man Thanh. Thanh thii vo nghe c6 Idp lang nam d miln Trung va mien Nam la noi c6 nhieu di dan Hoa kilu chir khong thay cd d mien Bae. Trong thdi Phap thuoc mot so mon phai duoe thanh lap d mien Bac cung do nhiing ngudi di hpc tir ben ngoai mang ve ehii khdng phai to truyen hay co hihi d trong nude.
Chinh dieu do, khi vo thuat Thieu Lam truyin vao Viet Nam, ket hgp vdi con ngudi Viet Nam, da cd nhiing thay doi. De rdi, hinh thanh nen nhiing vo phai ra ddi tren dit nudc nay nhu: Thieu Lam Bac phai Bach Hgc, Thieu Lam Bach Ho, Thilu Lam Chanh Tong Thai Ly Ph|t, Thilu Lam Nam Tong, Thieu Lam Bach Mi, Thieu Lam Bac Phai Phat Gia, v.v
Tom lgi, vo thuat Viet Nam co su ehuyin minh, vira tiep nhgn nhiing tinh hoa ciia Thilu Lam de bd sung vao vo hpe nudc nha, dong thdi giir viing nhiing cot tuy cua vo Viet de tiep nh|n ma khong mat glc. Ddng thdi vo Thilu Lam da uom nu tgi vung dit Viet Nam nay, lam tang them net da dgng cho vo thuat Viet Nam Hien nay, dii ed nhilu vo phai mang danh Thieu Lam, song nang hoi thd cua Viet Nam va tham nhuan ban sac van hda Viet Nam. Dieu nay ciing dung, vi mon vo Thieu Lam ton tgi d Trung Hoa, nlu muon di vao, ben re tgi Viet Nam thi phai cd nhiing cai bien cho phii hgp vdi con ngudi Viet Nam. Vi v|y, ton tgi thdi gian dai d Viet Nam, vo thuat Thieu Lam da phin nao da trd thanh net van hoa rit rieng ciia van hoa Viet Nam.
KET LUAN
Nhin tir xa, vo thuat Thieu lam Trung Hoa khong khac gi mpt viing trdi huyen hoac - niia thuc nua hu. Den gan lgi nhu Igc vao khu ritng ky bi, khdng biet Idi vao at se kho khan. Vi the, phai di tir ngoi eo tu giiia niii rirng Thilu That din Bo De Dgt Ma va ca nguyen ly cot loi ciia vd thugt Thieu Lam se cho chung ta cai nhin xuyen suot ve net van hda dac trung ciia vo thu|t Thieu Lam phang phat trong cac bieu tUQng ay. Va dd la nac thang gia tri cho nhiing bilu tuang van hoa, dau trai bao thdi gian vin tdn dpng su bi an, tiem tang gia tri khiln UNESCO eong nh|n la di san van hoa the gidi can dugc phat huy gin giii va bao tdn nhu net dae thii ciia nen van minh Trung Hoa ky bi.
Dong thdi, net van hoa dae trung Quyen Thien hgp nhat da Igng le di vao lich sir van hda nghe thuat the gidi dudi nhieu khia cgnh khac nhau tgo nen net rat ri^ng, de rli, khi nhan chan diem dgc trung ay, ngudi ta bilt duac goc tich, Va nhat la gdp phan vao viec hoan thien nhan each, diem to nghe thuat va gop phan cai thien nen vo thuat Viet Nam, nhim hudng den Chan Thien My, hudng den su khai phong eon ngudi ra khoi su troi bupc ciia vat ehat, thang hoa tren eon dudng giac ngg cuge song.
Rli trong kit eiu dan xen Thien trong Vd thuat Thilu lam, chiing ta thay dupe sgi chi xuyen suot trong viec ren than, luyen tam nham vugt tren gidi han cua con ngudi trudc su song trdi chay mien vien.
Qua day, nhirng nguon site manh tiet ra tir v5 hpc, neu cao tinh than thupng vd, len loi trong tam kham ciia moi con ngudi,
NGHICN CllU TRUNG QUDC so 2(162) - 2015 -
51
lam cho dai s6ng con nguai cao quy. Va r6i, bik dau, trong phut giay ren luy$n ay, ta lai thiy chinh minh, guong mat xua nay hay ban lai dien muc tmoc khi cha me sinh ra qua tieng het vang vong giQa khoang khong bao la.
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(9)i!S«ffiJ¥. i # » S , « i » S a , StS^»[7.mmB.1r.24].
(10) ¥ H » a R r « . » * « t t i a ;&*>it TAI LlfeU THAM K H A O [1] TrjBh Can va Dien Van Thanh, VS that Thdn Ky, Nha xuat b ^ Ha Npi.
[2] NguySn Duy Can (1964), Cai Ding da IhM nhan, Nlia xuat b ^ Kliai tri Sai Goa
[3] DAISETZ TEITARO SUZUKI (1989), Tiiiin ludn, Tnic Thien dich, tap thupng, tning, hg, Nli^ xuat ban thanli pho Ho Chi Minli,
[4] Sa mon Thich Qutog So dich (2000), Ph»
Quang (tgi tir diin, tap 1. Hpi VSn Hoa Giao dtic Linh Son Dai B3c xuat ban.
[5] Tran Tuan Man soan (1997), Mql IrUm li tam thi chiin tfdu ThiQit Ldm Ch&n Truyin, t§p 1 va 1, NhA xuat ban The dye the thao.
[6] Tue Sy, "Dao Pliat vdi tuoi \xi". Ban lin- thong tin npi bp cua VHD, So dac bi^t ky niem Vu Lan 2544, VSn phong VHD thirc hiea
[7| Tnic Thien (1972), "Linli thoai Bo De Bjl Ma", Tap chi Tir tuang Dai hgc Van flanh,so2\ii.
[8] Thich Dilc Tu. Sam Ban De (2000), ttii»
Cong Ttiy?t Ky, Nguyen Tu6ng djch, Nli^ xuAt bSn Thanh nien.
M', :AIE$f0^Sie, % 48, «i 2025,1109c- 1159b.
[10] http://www.scio.gov.cn/za006/gzzg^nlx/
wyyc/200610/tl02229.htm
[I l]http://www.shaolinwmgchun. com/index, ph p?optipn=com_content&task=view&id=4&
Itemid=34
[12]http;//vnthuquan.net/truyen/truyen.aspx?tid -2qtqv3m3237nnn4nmnqn3 ln343t q83a3q3m3231 nvnlnnn
NGHieNCltUTRUNCQUefc so 2(162)-201S
