I tt
' i n d u n g tiflu d u n g (TDTD) dflng mpt vai tro quan trpng dfl'i vfli sp phat t r i l n k l n h t e , thuc day tieu thu va nang cao chat lupng cupc s i n g t h o n g qua vigc cung ca'p cae khoan tin dung phuc vu nhu c l u tieu dung cua ngUfli dan trong xa hfli.
Qua dfl, gflp p h i n thuc day tang trUflngkinh t e b i n vQnghon, dam bao kha nang tiep can ngudn t i n
•dung cho t i n g Iflp co thu nhap trung b i n h va tha'p.
T^i Viet N a m , trong 2-3 nam trfl lai day, T D T D dupe coi la ITnh vpc efl. nhieu t i l m nang va da cfl sU tang trUflng manh m e ' , khflng c h i cd cac cflng ty tai c h i n h , ngay ca cac ngan hang thuong m^i ( N H T M ) cung d a n g hUflng sp quan tam d i n iTnh vUc nay.
Hign nay, boat dflng T D T D cua N H T M va cflng ty tai e h i n h dan xen l l n nhau vfll rlit n h i l u gfli san p h a m , mPc lai sua't va ddi tUflng khach hang. Trong thfli gian qua, eho vay tiflu dung da trfl thanh mflt san p h a m quan trong cua eae t d chQc tin d p n g (TCTD) trong bfl'i canh tfn dung tang trpflng tha'p mae du T D T D CO dp rui ro rat cao. D d n g t h f l i , T D T D cung dUfle nhieu ddi tPflng khach hang Ua chupng bdi nhieu Ipi fch cua nfl. Tuy n h i e n , h i g n nay, mat bang lai suSt cho vay tigu dung duoc danh gia la kha cao so vfli mQc lai sua't c h o vay san xuat kinh d o a n h , d^c bigt la CO sQ chgnh Igch kha Ifln glQa mQc lai sua't cua cac N H T M va
* Vu I - Cd quan Thanh tra, giam sdt nggn hang, NHNNVN
TIN DUNG TIED DUNG ^
HUliNG Till Mile IAI GHAT HUP LY TAI VIET NAM
^ 7 / i S . NguySn Duy Phuang, Nguyen Thi Minh HUUng *
Home Credit vdi 4 000 diim gidi thi$u va cung cap dich vu tdi chinh tieu diing cho 1.5 triiu khich hdng va thi phan van dang dddc cong ty nay day manh md rong
ckc cong ty tai e h f n h . Vigc lai sua't dUflc quy d j n h nhU t h e nao la p h u h o p va c h f n h sach q u a n ly cua N g a n h a n g N h a nUflc ( N H N N ) dfl'i vfli t h j trUflng nay n h u t h i nao d l d j n h huflng va d i e u t i l t n h a m p h f l n g ngQa riji ro, bdo v g q u y l n Ipi cua k h a c h h a n g n h p n g v l n d a m bao hfl t r p t h j trQflng nay phat t r i l n d a n g la va'n d l dQpc d p luan xa hpi q u a n t a m .
san p h a m , ddi tPpng khaeh hang, each thQc tie'p can khaeh hang, ban mQc c h o vay, thfli ban cho vay, quan tri rui ro...
H i g n nay, tren thj trUflng c6 k h o a n g 17 c o n g t y tai chfnh. Tuy vay, ch? CO mflt sd cflng ty tai c h i n h ho^t d g n g trong iTnh vi/c t i l u d u n g ca n h a n dUpc thi trUSng b i l t d i n n h u Cflng ty TNHH M T V tai c h i n h H o m e Credit Vi§t N a m , Cong t y T N H H MTV tai c h f n h Prudential Viet Nam... va ThUc trang lai suat cho vay ti^u gan day nhat la sU gflp mat ciia dilng 6 Viet Nam Cflng t y T N H H M T V tai chinh
T h a m gia vao hoat d p n g T D T D H D B a n k (HDFinance), Cflng hign nay gdm cfl hau h i t cac
N H T M , cac eflng t y tai c h i n h trong va ngoai nUflc. Tuy n h i g n , hoat dflng T D T D cija cac loai h i n h T C T D co sQ khac bigt ve
t y tai c h i n h T N H H M T V Ngin h a n g Vigt N a m T h i n h vUong (FE Credit)... FE Credit phij (^
trgn 5 8 t?nh t h a n h vfli hon 2.00C d i e m c h o vay m u a xe may. Tronf
(^ TAP CHl NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015
TAI CHINH TIEU DUNG ^ ^
Bang 1: Lai suat cho vay tieu diing cua mot so NHTMCP
TCTD
NHTMCP Odng Nam A NHTMCP A Chau NHTMCP Phi/cmg06ng NHTMCP An Binh NHTMCP S^i Gdn NHTMCP D3u tif va Phat trien VN NHTMCP Ngoai thUOng Viet Nam NHTMCP edng thOOng Vi?t Nam NHTMCP D?i Di/ong NHTMCP Ky thuong
Lii suat (%/nim}
Tigu dung 17 18 17 17 17 15.5 17.5 17.5 17 17
Mua nha 9.9 18 13 135 15 17.5
18 17.S 13.5 15
Muaxe 15 15 12 13J 15 US
15 17.5 13 14 Nguon • Lai sua't tham chieu tai
nam 2013, lUpng khach ky hop ddng tfn dung cija FE Credit dat mfl'c 300.000, tang ga'p 2 lan so vfli nam 2012. HDFinance cfl hon 2.200 diem gifli thigu djch vu trgn 63 tinh thanh. NhUng ap dao tren thj trUflng la Home Credit vfli mang lufli 63 tinh thanh ca nufle, hon 4.000 diem gifli thigu va cung c^p djch vu tai chinh tieu dung cho 1,5 trieu khach hang va thi phin v l n dang dupc cong ty nay d^y m^nh md rOng. Hoat dflng TDTD cfla NHTM va cflng ty tai chfnh dan xen l l n nhau. NHTM va cflng ty tai chinh d i u cung cap mpt sd san pham TDTD nhUcho vay tra gflp d l mua phuong tien di lai, trang t h i l t bj gia dmh, cho vay t i l n mat phuc vu dfli sd^ng,...
Ve lai sua't eho vay t i l u dung, hien nay, dang cfl sU chenh lech kha ldn giQa mat bing lai suit cfla nhflm cac NHTM va nhflm cac cflng ty tai chinh do khae b i | t trong dSc thu ho^t dflng cho
'ebsite laisuat vn va website ciia cac TCTD vay tigu d u n g cua hai nhflm to chflc nay.
N h i n c h u n g , lai sulit c h o vay tieu dung cua cae N H T M tUOng d^i h p p ly va thudng t h a p hon so vfli lai su^t c h o vay tieu d u n g cua cac eflng t y tai c h f n h . Lai s u i t eho vay tiflu dung eua cac N H T M p h d b i e n fl mPc 10 - 1 8 % / n a m . ( B a n g l )
MQc lai s u i t cua cae cflng t y tai c h i n h thuflng cao hon so vfli cae N H T M . T i n h d i n thang 1 0 / 2 0 1 4 , cae cflng ty tai c h i n h cfl mQc lai s u i t cao nhat ap d u n g trgn thi trUflng h i e n nay la 8 8 % / n a m ^ . MQc lai suat d a n g a p d u n g CU t h i 6 mflt sd cflng t y tai c h i n h p h d bien nhU sau: H o m e Credit ( 3 - 7 % / t h a n g , tUflng dUflng 3 6 - 8 4 % / n a m ) , FECredit khoang 6 8 % / n a m , H D H n a n c e khoang 5 6 % / n a m , JACCS khoang 5 0 % / n a m , Prudential khoang 3 2 % / n a m , M i r e a Asset khoang 31 % / n a m , . . . Lai s u i t c h o vay tieu d u n g cua cac cong t y tai
c h f n h p h d bien dao dflng fl mQc khoang 2 0 % - 6 0 % / n a m . Neu so sanh vfli lai suat c h o vay tigu dung cua cac eflng ty tai c h i n h tren t h e gifli nhU M y : 8 % - 3 6 % / n a m ; Chau A u 1 5 - 2 5 % / n a m , Trung Qufl'c: tQ 1 0 % - 4 0 % / n a m . . . t h i mQc lai suat c h o vay tigu d u n g cua eac cdng ty tai c h i n h dang ap d p n g 6 Viet N a m la kha cao. ThUc t e , trgn t h e gifli, lai suat c h o vay tieu d u n g cua eac cflng t y tai c h f n h cung c i p cung thuflng 6 mQc cao g i p d i n 10 lan so vfli lai s u i t cua cae ngkn hkng nhUng t b i trUflng T D T D v l n phat t r i l n va mQc lai suat nay v l n dope khach hang c h i p nhan v i nhQng Ipi ich m a loai h i n h t i n dpng nay m a n g Igi.
Trong thfli gian qua, trufle nhQng y k i l n phan nan cua d u luan dupe d a n g tai trgn cac phUflng t i e n thflng t i n dai chung ve mQc lai suat cho vay tigu d u n g cua cac cdng t y tai c h i n h , mpt sd N H N N c h i nhanh tTnh, t h a n h p h d da phan anh thflng t i n ve N H N N Trung UPng va k i l n nghi t h a n h tra hoat dflng eho vay tieu d u n g cfla cac cflng ty tai c h f n h . Trgn thUc t e , d o ngUfli dan chUa dupc t i e p can d i y d f l thflng t i n v l boat dflng c h o vay tieu d u n g hign nay, nhQng khac bigt giQa hoat dflng cQa cac cflng ty tai c h i n h va N H T M nen co nhQng each n h i n nhan chUa d u n g v l ITnh vpc nay.
Lai s u i t c h o vay thuflng tUOng xQng vdi mQc d p rui ro cua khoan vay. Khac vfli boat dflng c h o vay tigu d u n g thudng cfl d i l u kien ve tai san d a m bao cua cac N H T M
TAP CHi NGAN HANG j S6 3+4 j THANG 2/2015 ^
£ ^ t IAI UHINH TIEU DUNG
hien nay, cac cflng ty tai chfnh trien khai hoat dflng cho vay tieu d u n g vfli mQc lai suat cao hfln la do cac nguygn nhan sau:
- v l dfl'i tupng khach hang vay tieu dung: cac cflng ty tai chfnh huflng dg'n phan khue khach hang phi chuan, phuc vu nhQng khach hang it cfl kha nang tiep can ngudn vo'n tin dung cua cac N H T M . D d i tUflng khach hang nay thpflng it cfl kha nang chQng m i n h dQflc ngudn thu n h | p , khong CO tai san dam bao, vi vay, mfle dfl rui ro cao.
- Dac d i l m ngudn v d n : V l mfl h i n h boat dflng, cac eflng ty tai c h f n h khflng dope huy dflng vfl'n trpc tig'p tQ dan cQ, vi vay, ngudn vdn cua cac cflng ty tai c h f n h dpa vao vo'n chu sfl huU hoac vay lai tQ ngan hang m e , cae T C T D hoae to chQc tai chfnh khac ngn chi phf gia vfl'n dau vao cao hdn nhieu so vfli cac ngan hang.
San p h i m vay tieu dung:
Khac vfli cac N H T M , cac cflng ty tai c h f n h tap trung vao hai nhflm san pham vay tieu d u n g chu dao la vay mua phUflng tien dl lai (thuflng la xe may) va vay mua sam do dung, trang thie't bj gia d i n h . D a c d i e m nhPng khoan vay nay la so'tien nho, thfli gian vay ngan, dieu kien, thu tuc vay dfln gian, phan Ifln la khong co tai san dam bao. M a t khac, cac mat hang tieu dung n h u d i e n may, xe may cfl ty Ig k h i u hao cao va nhanh bj xuo'ng gia, ngn lai sua't cho vay dUflc ap d u n g fl mQc cao de bu dap rui ro.
N h u vay, v l co b a n , lai sua't c h o v a y t i l u d u n g cua cac c o n g
@ TAPCHiNGANHANG | SO3+4 j THANG2'2015
t y tai c h f n h la lai sua't thfla t h u a n , trgn eO sfl eung - cau v d n t h j trUflng, nhu c i u vay v d n va mQc do tfn n h i e m cua k h a c h h a n g . D a y la c d c h l c h u n g k h f l n g chl fl V i e t N a m m a con fl cac nUflc phat t r i l n .
So vfli boat dflng cho vay c a m d d cfl lai s u i t khoang 1 1 0 - 1 4 6 0 % / nam (tien lai 2 . 0 0 0 ddng/ngay trgn t i l n gfl'c 5 0 . 0 0 0 - 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 ddng, t i l n lai 3.000 ddng/
ngay tren sd tien gdc 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 ddng), thi lai s u i t cho vay tieu dung cua cflng t y tai c h i n h t h i p hon. Tuy n h i f l n , vfli khfl khan ve kinh t l v a t h u nhap cua ngufli vay, t i n h h l n h san x u i t k m h doanh cua n i n k i n h te', t h i lai s u i t cho vay tieu dung cua cac cong t y tai c h f n h la eao, tao d u luan khflng tfl't do'i vfli boat dflng nganh Ngan hang.
Mpt SO tfe xuat, kien nghj T D T D trong tuong lai v i n la ITnh vQe cfl n h i l u t i l m nang phat trien.
Vfli tdc do tang trpflng manh me n h u hien nay, mflt sd chuyen gia kinh te d p doan trong vflng 5 nam tfli, do np cho vay tieu dung cua Vigt N a m cfl the dat tfli 10%GDP.
N h u vay, cac chfnh sach quan ly cua N H N N do'i vfli hoat dflng cho vay tieu dung noi chung va lai s u i t cho vay nfli riflng can dam bao hai hoa loi fch cua cac b e n , giQa cac T C T D va khach hang nham thuc day t h | trudng tai chfnh tigu dung phat trien lanh m a n h :
- Can nghien cQu, xem xet hoan thign hg thdng khufln khd phap ly dfl'i vfli boat dong cho vay tiflu dung cua cac T C T D ; trong do, bao
vg quyen Ifli eua ngUfli tieu dung, eac hop ddng, bign ban kf kit phai m i n h bach cac dieu khoan, dac biet la nhCfng quy d m h ve mQc lai s u i t , phUOng thPc tra lai, cac loai phf lign quan khac... m6l each ro rang d l ngUfli di vay nam bat dupe thflng tin day du.
- C i n thuflng xuygn giam ski ehat che vigc chap hanh cac quy d j n h ve cho vay tiflu dung cua cac T C T D . To chQc cac dpt lam viec vfli cac T C T D d l kjp thfli CO nhCftig phpdng an thao gfl kho khan cho cac T C T D , tao dieu kign cho eac T C T D thuc hign lfl trinh giam lai suat cho vay tieu dung d mQc hdp ly.
- Can tao dieu kign cho nhilu T C T D c u n g t h a m gia hoat dong nay.
6 thfli d i l m hien t a i , thi trUflng Viet N a m chUa co n h i l u eflng ty tai c h f n h phat t r i e n va day manh c h o vay tieu d u n g ngn chUa phai c a n h tranh ve lai suit. Tuy n h i e n , khi t h i trUflng hoan thien, tQng buflc phat t r i l n v a cfl nhieu cong ty tai c h f n h t h a m gia hoa.t dflng T D T D ehae ehan se din dg'n v i e c c a n h t r a n h v l phf, lai s u i t va g i a m lai s u i t . B
'Trong thdi gian qua, theo kgt qua nghidn cLiu cua Vien Chien li/dc Ngan hang nam 2013, ddc tinh tong dK nO cho vay tieu dung d Viet Nam da tang tn/dng tmng binh iSn tdi xap xi 20%/nam
^hS. Ngo Thi Xuan Hong, tai iigu tga dam l<hoa hoc "Lai suat cho vay tieu dung cl Viet Nam - Thdc trang va giai phap quan ly'
TAI UEU THAIVI KHAO:
1. Tai lieu toa dam khoa hpc "Lai suat cho vay tieu ditng fl Viet Nam: Thi/c trang vi p phap quan ly", 2014
