08 TAP CHI KHOA HQC PHAP ITV VUi 1 N A M a-^ "" V"_L: -
B A O V $ M O I TRUOiNG TRONG Q U A N hY, Str DUNG N H A CHUNG C 0
T R A N LINH HUAN Khoa Luat Thuong mai Tmdng Dai hoc Lujt TP. Ho Chi' hJb Commercial law Department, Hochiminh city Umvercity of
Email- [email protected]
Torn tdt
Bdo vi m6i trubng trong qudn If, sd dmg nha chung cu dong vai trb rdt qtian trong trong vide quy^t dinh din chdt lupng cudc sdng ctta cdc cu ddn. Tuy nhiin, hin nay vdn di bdo vi mdi trubng trong hogt d^ng qudn ly, stt dung nha chung cU chua moe hdo ddm vd thifc hiin hiiu qud Biiu ndy dang xdm phgm nghiim trgng din sdc kitoe ctia con nguiii. Bdi mit tdp trungphdn tich, ddnh gid, chi ra nhang diim bdt c4p trong quy dfnh phdp ludt ud thuc tiin vi bdo vi mdi trUbng trong qudn If, sd dmg nhd chung cU, tk do dua ra m^t sdgidi phdp hodn thiin.
Tfl khoa; 6 nhiim mdi tnfbng, bdo vi mdi trUbng, qudn ly stt dung nhd chung cu Abstract
Environmental protection in management and use of the condominium plays a very important point in determining the quality of life of residents. However, the environmental protection in management and use of condominiums has not been guaranteed and performed efficiently. This affects human health. The article analyzes and points out the limitations of legal regulations and practices in management and use of condominiums, thereby giving some solutions for improverment.
Keywords: environmental pollution, environmental protection, condominium management Ngay uh^n bai: 8/12/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 25/2/2020
1. Su c^n thifet bao v6 m d i trUbng t r o n g quan ly, set dting n h a c h u n g cu
Moi tmbng gdn bo htiu cO vdi cudc sdng ciia con ngnbi, la Attn ki6n de con ngitbi thn tai va phat tri^n. M 6 i trUbng la nOi cung cap khfing gian sdng va chUa dung cac ngubn tai nguyen c'an thie't Ai phuc vu cho sU tbn tai, phat trien cua con ngubi. D b n g thbi, mbi trnbncr cbn dong vai trb quan trong trong vi$c bao v^ con ngUbi va sinh vat tranh khoi nhUng tac dbng titn cue tU bfin ngoai. ThUc td, con ngubi va sinh vat sinh sbng duOc tr6n trai d^t la n h b vao cac di^u kifin moi trubng dac biSt nhu nhiet db khbng khi k h b n g qua cao, nbng db oxv va cac khi khac tUOng dbi bn dinh... Vi v^y, viec bao ve mbi trubne (BVMT) dong vai trb rat quan trong, bbi B V M T cung la bao ve su
- -•---" ^ A O P 6 I 109 s6ng cUa chinh minh, neu mbi trUbng b | b nhi^m hay bi hUy hoai
thi c o n ngubi cung k h b n g th^ tbn tai. Di'^u nay cung khbng ngoai \&
t r o n g hoat d p n g quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU. T u y nhi^n, hi^n nay, n h u c'au sU dung nha chung cU cao n^n sb lubng nha chung cU dUbc x i y d u n g va dua vao v^n hanh kha nhf^u, dac bi6t la tai cdc thanh p h b ldn n h u Ha N b i va T h a n h p h b H b C h i Minh. Di'au nay dSn d^n m i t do tip trung dan so dbng, n h u c^u hoat dbng va sinh ho^t nhi^u gay ra nhifeu tac dbng ti^u ci^c cho moi trUbng. Tinh trang b nhidm mbi trUbng phat sinh trong hoat dbng quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU dang ngay trb ndn p h b bien, nghiem trong va co chifeu h u d n g gia tang. D o dd, viec B V M T trong hoat dbng, quan ly sU dung nha chung cu hiSn nay rit quan trong va cap thiet.
2 . ThUc trang va bait c&p vfe b a o v6 m b i t r u b n g trong quan ly, st^ d u n g nha c h u n g cti
T h e o t h b n g kfe so bb dfen nay cho thay, ca nUbc cb khoang 3.000 toa nha chung cu, trong db tap trung chu yfeu tai Ha N b i va Thanh p h d H b Chi Mmh.^ M u c dich phat trifen nha chung c\i khbng chi de tifet kifem quy dat ngay cang bi thu hep do tbc db tang dan sd ngay cang nhanh ma con gbp ph^n tsio ra kifen true, canh quan db thi khang trang, mdi trubng xanh, sach dep. T u y nhifen, bfen canh nhUng mat tich cue dat dUbc thi m b t trong nhUng van dfe ndi c b m hifen nay db la van dfe B V M T trong quan ly, s\i dung nha chung cU. Van dfe nay dubc the hifen rb 6 cac khia canh sau:
T h u nha't, hoat ddng quan ly chS^t thai trong quan ly, svt dung nha chung cU chUa duoc thUc hifen hi$u qua. Hifen nay, tai cac chung cU hoat dbng thu gom, van chuyen, xii ly cac loai chat thai vfe cd ban da dUbc quan tam, dau tu, tuy nhifen hifeu qua mang lai chua cao, chua dap Ung duoc cac yfeu c'au B V M T . Tinh trang cac khu chung cU ngap d'ay cac loai rac thai do con ngUbi thai ra rat phb bife'n. Viec phan loai, luu gifl cac loai rac sinh hoat va m b t sd loai rac thai khac chua dUdc cU dan quan tSm va thuc hifen hieu qua. Nhifeu chung cU sU dung md hinh d n g dd rac thai dfe thu gom rac thai tap trung, tuy nhien vifec thifet kfe, quan ly, van hanh, sU dung cac hfe thbng dng db rac thai chUa bao dam dUbc cac yfeu c'au vfe B V M T . Hogt dbng tap kfet, van chuyfen, xU ly cac loai rac thai tai m b t sb chung cU v i n cbn i $ch, cham chap va chUa duoc thuc hifen kip thdi d i n dfen luong rac U dong ngay cang Phuong Dung, "Ci nUdc cd khoang 3000 tda nhi chung cil, t3p trung chd ydu d Ha NOi va Thanh phd H& Chi Minh". Bdo Ddn Tri, https://dantn com.vn/bat-dong-san/ca-nuoc-co- khoang-3000-toa-chung-cu-tap-trung-chu-yeu-o-ha-noi-va-tphcm-20190310105551384 hmi, truy cip n ^ y 17/10/2019
110 TAP c m KHOA HQC PHAP gg'^^ffifTOTO^ SO U3 K.--;^;^^.^
nhftu, ta dd btfc mui hOi thtfi gay 6 nhiSm mOi trUSng.' Bdn «""|^_,'^
h« thfing xfl ly va thoat nildc thai tai cac chung cU khftng di*?c^ ^ dam hoac xu6ng cip nghidm trong. T h i m chi co nhflng chung c ^^^
di vao vJn hanh hoat dSng nhung v i n chua co he thdng ^'' ?' j ^ ; thai,' hojc cd hS thdng xil ly mldc thai nhung cung chi " " " ^ . ""jj^ng phd cht! khdng v i n hanh dUdc." Theo quy dinh, nUdc thai til n. ^ ^ ^ thoat nudc nha chung cu khi x i vac ngudn ti^p nhin phai ^°^
cic quy chuin ky thuat mdi trUdng do Bd Tai nguyen va '^^'J.^^^^
ban hanh. T u y nhien, tren thuc ti quy dinh nay chfla '^''*'^, ^ii^
nghidm tai cic chung cfl, thUc trang nay dang khien mdi trfl ng q cac khu chung cfl bi anh hudng ngay cing nghidm trong-
Thit hai, vide ki^m soat d n h i l m khdng khi, tidng 8n, d.^^ ^_S, anh sing, bflc xa trong hoat ddng quan ly, sfl dung nha chung c ^ nhiSu han chf. Vin dl 6 nhidm khdng khi, tid'ng dn, dd rung, ann sa g bflc xa tai cac khu chung cu hidn nay ra't phd bidn va giy anh liuong nghidm trong ddn silc khde cung nhu chat Ifldng cudc sdng cua CU d i n . Tac hai do d n h i i m khdng khi, tidng dn, dd rung, anh sang, bUc xa gay ra cho con ngfldi rft nguy hiim, bdi no la nguydn nhan gay suy giam thinh lUc, mi't ngu, lam tang cac bdnh thin kinh, suy hd hap, gay rd'i loan tieu hda, tim mach va huyft ip.
Tha ba. hoat ddng nudi nhdt vat nudi, dac bidt la chd m e o tai cac chung cu cdn nhidu bat c4p. Vide nudi chd, meo trong cac can hd chung cU hidn nay cdn khi nhieu, da phan la nudi di lam canh.
T u y nhidn, dieu nay lai ti'dm i n nhidu nii ro vl viia gay d n h i ^ m mdi trfldng, vfla giy m i t an toan cho tinh mang, sflc khde cua CU dan sinh sdng tai chung cfl bdi chd meo thfldng mang nhflng m i m b d n h nguy hifm, cd kha nang liy lan truy'dn nhidm sang ngfldi. H d n nCta, vide nudi chd, meo cdn cd thd gay dn ao, mat trat tiJ, anh h u d n g dd'n ddi sd'ng rieng tfl cua cii dan.
Tieu bi^u nhir chung cU Thing Long Victorry tji xa An Khanh, huySn Hoai Ditc, TP Ha Noi; Chung cu co Ll, L2 t^i sfi 93 dudng Ling Ha, qugn D6ng Da, Ha N^i, Tieu bi^u nhu chung cu 584 Phii Thg Hoa (qujn Tan PhU) di vao hoat ddng tti nSm 2009 nhung khOng co ht thfing xif ly nudc thai va toan hfi iuong niicjc thai eda chung cu 584 du^c xa thing ra cfing cOng cOng,
Vi du nhu ehung eU 4S Riverside (phu6ng Hi^p Binh Chanh, qu^n Thii Ddc) cti h$ difing xii ly nutic thai rfing khoang 70 m2 nhUng n% hSm dSn vao ben trong he thfing phii c h ^ g chit eay co. Theo phan anh eda cU din, hien orang h? thfing xii ly nildc thai kh: ban giao gbm may thdi khi, be hda chi't, niay khuiy hda eh^t, bOm djnh lUdng hda chit nhung khfing ho?t ddng dude, cdn bfi phJn dieu fcluen xii ly nUdc thii thi hU vi toin bfi nUdc thii til chung cu 4S khfing dUdc xil ly mi xi trye tiep ra sdng Sir Gdn
Thien My, "Xil ly nudc thii trong khu dd thi, nha chung m th»c hi{n vin chiia nghiem", Bio Ha NI: mm, hitps.//hinoimoi.eom.vn/tin-tuc/Phong-su-Ky-su/857665/x»-ly-nuoc-thai- trong-khu-do-thi-nha-ehung-eu-thuc-hien-van-chua-nghiem, truy cJp ngiy 17/10/2019.
- :L.". 1 (-,1 ' [ I A O D 6 I m T u thuc trang phan tich nfeu trfen cd thfe tha'y rang v^n dfe B V M T
trong ho?Lt d b n g quan l'^ suf dung nha chung cU hifen nay chua dap Ung dUdc cac yfeu c'au thUc tien. Difeu nay xua^t phat tU nhieu nguyfen nhan khac nhau va m b t trong sb cac nguyfen nhan chinh cd thfe kfe dfen nhU:
Mdt Id, cde quy dinh phdp ludt di'iu chinh v'i hoi^t ddng BVMT trong qudn l^, stt dung nhd chung cu hiin nay vdn con thidu, nhi^u quy dinh ehua d'dng bd, ro rdng vd chtta bdo ddm ti'nh khd thi khi dp dung. Mac du Luat B V M T n a m 2014 va cac van ban h u d n g dan thi hanh da cd quy dinh rifeng vfe van dfe B V M T trong quan 1-^ sii dung nha chung cU, tuy nhifen van chua d'ay du. Cac vin ban h u d n g dan dudi luat n h u Nghi dinh sd 3 6 / 2 0 1 7 / N D - C P , N g h j djnh sb 4 6 / 2 0 1 5 / N D - C P , Nghi dinh sb 3 8 / 2 0 1 5 / N D - C P . . . chua cb su rb rang trong phan cbng chi d^o, h u d n g dan va tb chUc thuc hifen quan ly nha nUdc vfe kifem soat, quan ly cha^t thai. Bfen c^nh db, cac quy dinh difeu chinh vfe hoat dbng kifem soat b nhifem k h b n g khi, tife'ng bn, db rung, anh sang, bUc x^ chua duOc quy dinh cu thfe. M j c dU van dfe vfe kifem soat b nhifem k h b n g khi, tifeng bn, dp rung, anh sang, bUc xa da duoc ghi nhan trong Luat B V M T nam 2014, nhUng nhifeu quy dinh lai chua duoc cu thfe hba trong Bb luat H i n h sU nam 2015 {siia dbi, b b sung nam 2017). T h e o db, tbi gay b nhifem m b i trUdng v i n chi ap dung vdi hanh vi thai khi thai, bui, bUc xa ma chUa quy dinh dbi vdi hanh vi vi pham phap luat m b i trudng vfe db rung, tifeng 'on, inh sing d i n dfen k h b n g thfe ran de va xU ly duOc cac vi pham. H o n nUa, theo quy dinh thi hanh vi xa thai phai dat m b t tai luong nhat dinh thi mdi bi truy cUu trach nhifem hinh su, quy dinh nay gay khb d chb vifec xac dinh tai luong nay vdi m b i trudng k h b n g k h i la k h b n g hfe dfe dang. Bfen canh dd, mac du Luat B V M T nam 2014 da phan nao ghi nhan trach nhifem, vai trd cua cac tb chUc chinh tri - xa hbi, chmh t n - xa hbi nghfe nghifep, tb chUc qubc tfe phi chinh phu, cbng ddng dan cu trong van de bao vfe m b i trUOng, tuy nhifen, hien nay van chUa cb nhUng quy dinh cu the nham phat h u y manh me h o n vai trb cila cac chu the nay vao hoat dbng giam sat, kiem soat cac n g u b n gay b nhifem m d i trUdng tai cac khu chung cU.
C h i n h vi vay, va:n dfe kifem soat b nhifem k h b n g khi, tife'ng dn, db rung, anh sang, bUc xa nham duy tri chat luong m b i trUdng trong ho^t dbng quan ly, SL( dung nha chung cu chua dat dUOc hifeu qua.
M a t khac, cac quy djnh kifem soat vfe ho^t ddng nubi chd m e o tai cac chung cU vin cdn nhieu difem chUa phU h o p . Cu the, khoan 3 Difeu 35 N g h i djnh sb 9 9 / 2 0 1 5 / N D - C P va p h u luc 01 T h b n g tU 0 2 / 2 0 1 6 / T T - B X D ve quan ly sU dung nha chung cu da quy dinh ca'm hanh vi chan, tha gia sue, gia cam trong khu vUc nha chung cU. T u y
TAP CHI KHOA H O C FHA±-J^J
nhien, djnh nghia thfe nao la gia sUc, gia cam lai chUa dUdc ghi nh^n chinh thUc. Vi thfe dan dfe'n tinh trang cd chung cU cim nhung cung cd chung cu khbng cam vi cho rang chd meo nubi lam canh khbng c m u c dich kinh doanh hay thUc ph^m thi khbng la gia sue nfen khdng bj c^m. Luat Chan nubi nam 2018 {co hifeu luc thi hanh ngay 1/1/2020) dinh nghia gia stte la cac loai ddng vat cb vd, cb 4 chan dUOc con ngUOi thuan hda va chSn nubi.'^ Vdi dinh nghia nay, theo tinh than c^a Ngfl!
djnh sb 9 9 / 2 0 1 5 / N D - C P thi rd rang vifec nubi chd meo da chinh thdc bi cam bbi chd meo la mbt lo^i gia sdc. T u y nhifen, mgt van de duOc dat ra la hfeu cim nubi chb meo b^ng mbt nghj djnh nhU vJy co hoan toan hOp phap va hop ly hay khbng bdi chd, meo la tai san hdp phap cUa cdng dan, Hife'n phap nam 2013 cd ghi nhjn quy&n sd hUu tai san la quyfen cUa cdng dan*" va quyfen nay chi cb thfe bi han che theo quy dinh cUa lujt trong trUdng hdp c'in thife't vi ly do qubc phong, an ninh qubc gia, trat tU, an toan xa hbi, d?o dUc xa hbi, sUc khde ctia cdng ddng.^ Bfen cjnh dd, vifec dua vao Phu luc 1 miu noi quy quan ly, sU dung nha chung cu ban hanh kem theo Thdng tu sb 02/2016/
T T - B X D eda Bb Xay dung dfe dua ra cac quy dinh nghifem c^m vifec nubi chb, meo tai cac chung cU lai cang khdng hop ly. Thttc te cho tha'y, M i u ndi quy quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU han hanh kem theo T h b n g tu sb 0 2 / 2 0 1 6 / T T - B X D cua Bb Xay dUng cung chi dUdc coi la m b t m i u van ban dfe Ban quan ly cac chung cU tham khao va xay dung ndi quy rifeng cho nha chung cU cua minh, do dd, khd co thfe coi nbi dung trong M i u nbi quy nfeu trfen la mdt quy djnh ciia phap lujt.
Hifen nay, vifec cam nudi chd, meo d chung cU hay khbng phu thubc vao ndi quy rifeng cUa tUng chung cU. Difeu nay da khdng tao ra dUdc SU thbng nha't trong van dfe quan ly, kifem soat hifeu qua hoat ddng nudi chd, meo t^ii cac chung cU nhU hifen nay.
Ngoai ra, cac quy dinh vfe xii phat vi pham hanh chinh dd'i vdi cac hanh vi gfiy b nhifem mdi trUdng trong quan ly, sU dung chung cU da duoc ghi nhjn tai Nghi dinh sd 155/2016/ND-CP.^ Tuy nhifin, hifen nay cac mdc phat duoc ap dung dbi vdi vi pham hanh chinh trong linh vUc B V M T trong quan ly, sU dung chung cU da tb ra khdng cdn du sUc r i n de. DOn cU, trUdng hgp chu d'au tU xay dttng mdi khu dd thi khu dan cU tjp trung, khu chung cU cd hanh vi han giao cbng trinh dua vao sU dung ma khbng thuc hifen dung va day dii mbt trong cac yeu cau vfe B V M T nhu: khbng cb ket cj'u h^ t'Jng vfe BVMT phu hop ' Khoan 6 DiSu 2 Lujt ChSn nufii nam 2018.
' DiSu 48, khoan 1 Difeu 51 Hie'n phap nam 2013.
s Dieu 2 Bi> luiit Din sy nam 2015
' Di^m a, b. c khoan 1 Difeu 20; khoan 3 Difeu 28 Nghi dinh s6 155/2016/ND-CP
Z^tAO D 6 I 113 voi quy hoach db thi, khu dan cU tJp trung da duoc cd quan nha nUdc
cd th£m quyfen phfe duyfet; k h d n g cd thifet bi, p h u o n g tifen thu gom, tap t r u n g ch^t thai ran sinh hoa^t phU hop vdi khbi luong, chung loai cha^t thai va du kha nang tife'p nhan chit thai da dUdc phan loai tai n g u d n tU cac h b gia dinh trong khu dan cU; khbng bao dam cac yfeu c'au vfe canh quan db thj, vfe sinh mdi trUdng; khdng cd hfe thd'ng tifeu thoat nudc mua, n u d c thai rifeng bifet phU hgp vdi quy hoach thoat nUdc thai, B V M T cua khu dan c u . . . thi bi phat tifen tU 200.000.000 trifeu ddng dfen 250.000.000 trieu dbng. N h u vJy, mUc phat trfen la cdn kha tha'p va chua du sUc ran de, p h b n g ngUa cac vi pham bdi thUc te mdc chi phi bd ra dfe d'au tu hoan thifen va dap Ung dUdc cac yfeu cau B V M T tai cac k h u c h u n g cU cbn cao h o n mUc tifen phat nfen d i n dfen hifen tUdng cac chu thfe san sang vi pham phap luat va ch^p n h j n nbp phat. Ngoai ra, cac quy djnh hfen quan dfen v i n dfe x e m xet ap dung trach nhifem hinh sU dbi vdi hanh vi pham tdi trong vifec B V M T van chUa day dU. C u thfe, dd'i vdi cac vi p h a m phap lujt mbi trUdng trong vifec kifem soat db rung, tife'ng bn, anh sang v i n chua dUdc cu thfe hba trong B b lujt H i n h su nam 2015 (sUa ddi, bd sung nam 2017). Difeu nay d i n dfen hfe qua la k h b n g the xac djnh va ap dung duoc trach nhifem hlnh su dfe xU ly dd'i vdi nhUng chu the cd hanh vi vi pham lifen quan dfe'n v i n dfe nfeu trfen.
Hai Id, chdt lupng cde edng eu, biin phdp qudn If nhd nude v'i BVMT ebn bdt cdp, hiiu luc, hiiu qud etta cdng tde qudn ly nhd nttdc trong vdn d'i BVMT t^i cdc khu ehung ett chtta cao, dde hiit trong phbng ngtta, kHm sodt cdc ngu'dn gdy 6 nhidm mdi trubng. Vifec xU ly cac vi ph?im phap lujt vfe m b i trudng trong quan ly, sU d u n g nha chung cU v i n chua duoc thUc hifen quyfe't lifet, d d n g bd. D b n g thdi, vifec phat huy vai trd cila cac td chdc chinh tri, chfnh trj - xa hdi, tb chUc xa hbi - nghfe nghifep va cac t^ng Idp n h a n dan tham gia tich cUc vao vifec B V M T va giam sat chit chfe cbng tac quan ly, c h i p hanh phap lujt vfe B V M T chUa dUdc bao dam. Bfen canh db, tU t u d n g xac dinh trach nhifem B V M T la trach n h i e m cha toan xa hbi v i n chUa duoc thuc thi m b t each d'ay dd do thifeu nhUng quy djnh rb rang, cu the.
Ba Id, nhdn thttc, y thttc trdch nhiim vi BVMT trong qudn ly, stt dung nhd chung cu ctta cdng d'dng cu ddn cbn hgn chi. Vin hda B V M T cua cac cU dan cdn kem, k h d n g it cU dJn v i n giU thdi quen tuy tifen du sbng trong m b i trudng tJp thfe.
3. M o t s6 ki^n nghi hoan thifin
T r e n cd sd thuc trang nfeu trfen, tac gia dUa ra m b t sb giai phap n h i m gbp ph'an hoan thifen v^n dfe B V M T trong quan ly, sU dung nha c h u n g cU:
114 TAP c m KHOA HQC PHAP J^^WV NAM sO VJ V ^ - - ^ _ _ - Thtt nhdt, dfe bao dam tinh kha thi trong vifec ap dung cac quy ujn phap lujt vfe B V M T trong hoat ddng quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU tni phai tifep tuc bb sung, hoan thifen hfe thd'ng phap lujt B V M T . Theo do, phap luat can phai hUdng din cu thfe vfe hoat dbng phan loai, thu gom.
vJn chuyfen, xU ly cac loai chat thai, vfe kifem soat b nhifem khdng kxu, tife'ng bn, do rung, anh sang, bdc xa trong qua trinh quan Iy, sil dung nha chung cU. H o n nUa, c'an nghifen cdu lUdc bd nhung quy djnh ^^^^
phu hdp trfen cd sd thife't lap mdt kfe hoach qubc gia toan difen vfe van d kifem soat b nhiem mbi trUdng trong quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU vdi cac muc tifeu cu thfe va Id trinh rb rang. Trong bbi canh hifen nay, can thiet phai xay dung mot van ban quy pham phap iujt dac thi] dfe dieu chinh vin dfe quan ly, kiem soat, phdng ngUa d nhifem mdi trUdng bOi tife'ng '6n, dp rung, anh sang, bUc xa cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh difen hien b nhifem mbi trUdng tai cac khu chung cU. Trong db, c^n phii tifep tuc nghifen cUu xay dung, ban hanh, sUa ddi, bb sung, hoan tiiifen cac quy chu^n ky thuJt mbi trUbng hfen quan dfe'n vifec kifem soat chit thai, d nhifem khdng khi, tifeng on, do rung, anh sang dfe phuc vu kjp thdi cho ho?t ddng danh gia, kifem soat va xd ly cac v i n dfe d nhifem mbi trttdng tai cac khu chung cU. Dac bifet can phai ban hanh cac vSn ban quy ph^m phap lujt d t^m lujt nham di'feu chinh, hudng din cu thfe vifec kiem soat, theo doi, giam sat hoat ddng nudi gia sue, gia c'am tai cac chung cU, nhi't la dd'i vdi va'n dfe nudi chd, meo. Cac van ban phap lujt khi dUOc ban hanh phai bao dam dUa ra duOc cac tifeu chi vfe nbi dung, thu tuc, yfeu c'au cu thfe trong vifec theo dbi, danh gia chit luong mdi trudng tai cac chung CU de phuc vu hifeu qua cho vifec B V M T tai cac khu vUc nay.
Ngoai ra, dfe t^o cd sd phap ly da dang, vUng chae cho boat ddng B V M T trong quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU tai cac dia phudng ddi hbi bfen canh cac van ban phap luat do Qubc hdi, Chinh phU, B b Xay dung, Bb Tai nguyen va Mbi trudng ban hanh thi O y ban nhan dan cac cap tai cac dia phuong cung can phii tife'p tuc nghifen cUu xay dUng, ban hanh th^ni cac van ban dieu chinh vin de kifem soat, xU ly d nhifem mdi trudng trong hoat dong quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU cho phU hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te tai dia phuong.
Ben canh db, c'an phai xem xet dieu chinh lai mdc xU phat db'i vdi cac vi pham hanh chinh vfe viec B V M T trong quan ly, sU dimg chung cu theo hudng tang mdc phat tifen ddi vdi cac hanh vi gay ^ nhifem mdi trudng tai cac chung cU. C u thfe, dbi vdi trudng hop ^.^^
dau tu xay dung mdi khu chung cU cb h'anh vi ban giao cong trinh dua v'ao sU dung ma khbng thuc hign dUng va diy du m b t trong cac yeu c'Ju ve B V M T duoc quy djnh tai khoan 3 Difeu 28 N g h i djnh s-
.•-..^^-;r-^ ^.'Uil ^ iT^HAO P 6 I 115 l b 5 / 2 0 1 6 / N D - C P thay vi giu m d c phat tifen tU 200.000.000 dbng
dfe'n 250.000.000 ddng n h u quy djnh hifen nay thi nfen difeu chinh tSng Ifen theo h u d n g la tti 900.000.000 ddng dfen 1.000.000.000 ddng. C o n s6 tu 900.000.000 d b n g dfen 1.000.000.000 ddng la hdp ly bdi theo tac gia, cac h a n h vi vi p h a m nfeu trfen eda chu dau tU cb thfe mang lai nhifeu hfe lijy tifeu cue trong vifec bao dam an toan chat luong mdi trUdng tai cac c h u n g cu. H d n nUa, c'an phai tife'p tuc nghifen cdu cu thfe hda cac hanh vi vi p h a m phap luat mdi trUdng trong vifec kifem soat db rung, tifeng dn, anh sang vao B b lujt H i n h sU- Vifec ghi nhjn va cu the hda cac hanh vi ph^m tdi n e u trfen vao B b lujt H l n h su la rit c^n thifet vi vUa tao duoc cd sd phap ly rb rang gidp cac cd quan chdc n J n g ap d u n g d u o c trach n h i e m hinh sU dfe xU ly dd'i vdi nhflng chd thfe cb hanh vi vi pham, vUa gbp ph'an n g i n ngfla cac hanh vi pham tbi lifen quan dfen v i n dfe B V M T tai cac chung cfl. Ngoai ra, cung c'Jn phai tifep tuc nghifen cUu, h o a n thifen cac quy djnh phap lujt vfe thanh tra, kifem tra trong linh vflc kifem soat b nhifem mbi trUdng tai cac khu c h u n g cu dfe phtic vy kjp thdi, hifeu qua cho vifec phat hifen va xii ly cac hanh vi vi phg-m phap lujt mdi trudng trong boat dbng quan Iy, sU d u n g nha c h u n g cU.
Thtt hai, dfe nang cao hifeu qua B V M T trong quan ly, sd dyng nha chung cU, bfen canh vifec hoan thifen cac chinh sach, phap lujt B V M T thi dan phai phat huy vai trd, trach nhifem cua cac cd quan quin ly nha nUbc trong vifec quan ly, theo dbi, danh gia, bao vfe chi't luong mbi trUdng trong quan ly, sU dung nha chung cu. Thflc tfe, dfe kifem soat, han che dfldc cac ngu'bn gay d nhifem va giam thifeu tinh trang d nhifem mdi trudng trong quan ly, sd dung nha chung cU thi vai trb eda chinh quyfen dia p h u o n g la rat quan trong. D o do, cac cd quan quan ly nha nUdc tai dja phuong, djc bifet la X!Jy ban nhan dan cac cip can phai tang cUdng hifeu luc, hifeu qua quan ly nha nudc trong v i n dfe B V M T vdi cac giai phap mang ti'nh dbt pha, cd tinh kha thi dfe B V M T tai cac chung cU thubc dja ban q u i n ly. Cac cd quan quan ly nha nUdc tai dja phuong c'an phai diy manh trifen khai ap dung thUc hifen cac quy djnh phap lujt vao ho^it ddng quan ly chit thai, chdng b nhifem khbng khi, tifeng bn, dd rung, anh sang bUc xa, djc bifet la van dfe kifem soat ho^t ddng nubi chb, meo tai cac kliu chung cU. Can phai tang cUdng cd chfe phd'i hdp, khac phuc cac xung ddt ldi i'ch cue bb, tuyfet dbi tranh tinh trying vi ldi i'ch cua mbt hoac mdt n h d m chii thfe nao db ma b i t chap thifet h?i vfe ldi ich mdi trudng chung trong qua trinh quan ly, sd dung nha chung cu.
Thtt ha, c'an tifep tuc tang cUdng cbng tac tuyfen tmyfen, giao due, van dbng cu dan tuan thh va thuc hifen cac yfeu cau vfe cdng tac B V M T tai cac
116 TAP CHi KHOA HOC PHAP LV^jfj^ I^J^^^^K^- ^- _—
chung cu. Hoat ddng tuyfen truyfen sfe giUp ngUdi din nhjn thdc dUdc vai trd va t^m quan trpng cUa vifec BVMT, khi thay dbi dUdc nhan thdc se giup ngUdi dan thay dbi dUdc hanh vi cUa minh theo chifeu hUdng ticn cUc tren cd sd tuan thu quy dinh phap lujt. Dfe cbng tie tuyfin truyfen, giao due dat dflpc hifeu qua ddi hdi cac chu thfe thuc hifen phai n'ch cUc thfldng xuyfen ddi mdi phfldng thUe tao sfl mdi la, phai sil dung cac c6ng cu cb tinh chit d$i ehung eao nham md rdng ph?m vi tuyfen truyfen ddcic md rbng. Cbng tac tuyfen tmyfen phai dUdc thuc hifen trfen cC sd bio dam phu hop vdi eic quy djnh phap lujt nham tranh tinh trang hinh thdc, sao rbng. Dbng thdi, phai tang cudng ap dung eac hinh thdc Uu dai, h6 UO khac nhau dfe thu hut, tao dbng luc thuc diy cic chu thfe hch cUc tuan thd va thUe hifen dung theo cac quy djnh phip lujt vfe vin dfe kifem soit va xd ly b nhifem mbi tnidng tcong hoat dbng quan ly, sU dung nha chung cU.
Bfen eanh db, ban quan ly cac khu chung cU c^n xJy dung mdt khudn mau Ung xfl phu hpp trong van dfe B V M T va hudng ngudi din thuc hi6n theo khudn mau dd de gdp phan BVMT tai cac khu chung cU.
Thtt ttt, phai tb chdc, trifen khai cd hifeu q u i cac cd chfe, cfeng cu, bifen phap quan ly mdi trUdng, dac bifet la ngin ngila, kifem soat, that chat vifec p h i t thai t^i cac chung cU. HOn nUa, c'Jn phii day manh xJy dUng eac chinh sach khuyfen khich ngfldi dan tham gia giam sat vifec chip hanh phap lujt vfe B V M T trong ho^t dbng quan ly, sd dung nha chung cU dfe phat hien va xU ly kjp thdi cac vi phgm ve BVMT. Mat khac, phai tang cudng boat dbng thanh tra, kiem tra mdi tntdng cd trpng tam, trpng difem, giai quyfet ddt diem nhUng ndi dung, vin dfe ndng, bdc xde hfen quan dfe'n vifec BVMT tai cac chung cU nham bao dam quyfen dUde sbng trong mdi trUdng trong lanh cua cac cU dSn.
Ngoai ra, dbi vdi nhflng hanh vi thifeu van hba BVMT trong quin ly, sU dung nha chung eU lam anh hudng tinh th'Jn va sdc khoe cho ngUdi khac, lam b nhifem mdi trUdng cdng cdng thi phai ap dung nhflng chfe tai du manh dfe xU ly dbi vdi nhUng chU thfe nay. •
Tai U^u tham khao
[1] Phuong Dung, "Ca nudc co khoang 3000 coa nha chung cu, cap crung chd y^u 6 Ha Ngi va Thhnh ph6 H6 Chi Minh", Bdo Ddn Tri [Crans: Phuong Dung, "The whole country has about 3,000 apartment buildmgs, concentrated mainly in Hanoi and Ho Chi Mmh Citv"
Dan Tn Online Newspaper], https://dancn.com.vn/bat^dong-san/ca-nuoc-co-khoans- 3000-toa-chung-cu-cap-Crung-chu-yeu-o-ha-noi-va-cphcm-201903101055'i13S4t,h^
accessed on 17/10/2019 -^-ot.ncm, [2] Thien My, "Xil ly nvidc thai trong khu d6 thi, nha chung cU chyc h.Sn vSn chUa nghiem"
Bdo m m me, [tmns- Thien My, "Waste water Creacmenc in urban areas and condon^imum^
is scill noc senous , New Hanoi Newspaper], https ://hanoimoi, com. vn/cin-tuc/Pho ne-su Ky-su/857665/xu-ly-nuoc-thai-Crong-khu-do-thi-nha-chune-cu-chur hipn \ nghiem, accessed on 17/10/2019 * men-van-ctiua^
