So cbuyen de veLy Ucb tii pbap
C C .
a . . "
KIENG BA CHAN
MOT GIAI PHAP HOU HIEU TRONG GIAI QUYET TiNH TRANG CHAM THtl HAN CAP PHIEU LY LICH TU PHAP
I ThS. LU'aNG NHAN H O A *
Q
ua hon 05 nam tbuc Mfn Luat Ly Uch tu phap nam 2009, boat dgng cip pMdu ly lich hr phap cho ngudi dan tren toan qudc da hing budc dn djnh va phat huy Meu qua, bao dam qayen yeu cau cap pMeu ly ljch tu phap cua cdng dan, co quan nha nudc, td chuc cbinh trj, td chuc chinh trj - xa hdi.Tuy nMen, bdn canh nhung ket qua tich cue da d^it dugc, ho^t dgng nay van cdn mgt sd tdn tai, han che, nhat la viec cham cap pMeu ly ljch tu phap dien ra phd bien t^i hau het tai cac Sd Tu phap tren toan quoc va Trung tam Ly Uch tu phap qudc gia.
Theo bao cao va cac sd Ufu thong ke cho thay, trudc ngay 01/7/2014, tai Tnmg tam Ly lich tu p h ^ qudc gia, sd phieu ly Uch tu phap cap bj cham thdi ban cMem
^ If 32,5%, d^c biet, trong 06 thang dfiu nfim 2014, ty If nay la hon 69%. Tai hau hdt cac Sd Tu phap tren toan qudc deu xay ra tinh t^mg c h ^ thdi b^n cap phieu Iy lich tu phfip, sd pMeu ly ljch tu phap cfip b j ch|m thdi ban cMem ty If hon 21 %, trong dd, nhung Sd Tu phap cd ty If cham thdi ban c ^ phidu ly ljch tu phap trgn 40% cMem sd lugng ldn, tham chi cd noi c b ^ 100%. Thuc td tren da
dan den sg khdng hai Idng cua ngudi dan d nMeu noi, chua bao dam kjp thdi quyen Igi eua ngudi dan va doanh ngMfp, gay anh hudng tdi ket qua cai each hanh. chinh d nhieu tinh, thaih phd.
Tinh trang cham thdi hgn cap pMeu ly ljch tu
p b ^ neu tren cd nMeu nguydn nhan, trong dd, cd mdt sd nguyen nhan ca ban nhu:
- Co sd du lieu ly hch tu phap tai Tnmg tam Ly Uch tu phap qudc gia va cac Sd Tu phap mdi xay dgng nen edn chua dfiy du, thdng tin cdn tMeu sdt:
Tu ngay 01/7/2010, Trung tam Ly hch tu phap qudc gia, Sd Tu phap cd trach nMem xay dgng co sd du lifu Iy ljch tu phap de cap pMeu ly lich tu phap. Tuy nhien, hoat ddng xay dung ca sd du lifu
* Tnmg tdm Ly ljch tuphdp quoc gfa
Ddn ChO & Phdp lu^lt I
So chuyen de ve Ly licb titphap
ly lich tu phap mdi cM la budc dfiu, ca sd du heu ly lich tu phap tai Trung tam Ly lich tu phap qudc gia va cac Sd Tu phap chua dfiy dd, ddng bg, thdng tin cdn tMeu sdt nen de bfio dam tinh chinh xac ciia thdng tin trong pMeu Iy lich tu phap, Trung tam Ly ljch tu phap qudc gia va cac Sd Tu phap van phai tra cuu thdng tin tai cac ca quan cd hen quan (cong an, Tda an, \^en kiem sat...), trong do, chu yeu la tra cihi tai ca quan cdng an. Tuy nMen, theo thdng ke cho thay, cd tdi 90% sd lugng hd so cham cap pMeu ly Uch tu phap la do ca quan cdng an cham tra ket qua tra cdu, xac minh.
- Mpt sd quy dinh cua p h ^ luat ve ly licb tu p h ^ da bgc lg sg bat cap, khong phd hgp thuc tien: Theo Dieu 47 Luat Ly lich tu pMq) nam 2009, trong trudng hgp ngudi dugc c ^ pMdu ly Uch tu phap da cu tru d nMeu tinh, thanh phd true thupc trung uong ke tu kM du 14 tudi trd Ien hoac hg la cdng dan \^f t Nam cd thdi gian cu tru d nudc ngofii hoac hg la ngudi nudc ngoai tM vifc tra cuu thdng tin Iy Ijch tu phap dugc thuc Mfn tai Sd Tu phap noi tiep nhan yeu clu va Tnmg tam Ly lieh tu phap qudc gia. Tuy nMen, theo Didu 25 Nghi djnh sd 111/2010/ND-CP ngay 23/11/2010 cua Chinh phu quy djnh cM tiet va hucmg dfin tM hanh mdt sd dieu ciia Luat Ly Uch tu phap tM Sd Tu phap gdi pMeu xac minh ly lich tu phap cho co quan cdng an cung cap; trong thdi ban 07 ngay lam vifc ke tu ngay nhan dugc pMeu xac minh ly ljch tu phap, ea quan cdng an cap tmh thuc Mfn tia cdu thdng tin ve tinh trang an tich cua duong su va gui cho Sd Tu phap ket qua tra cim; trudng hgp phai tra cdu thdng tin trong hf thdng hd so, tang thu cua Bg Cdng an tM thdi ban khdng qua 09 ngay lam vifc. DiSu nay cd ngMa la, ddi vdi tnrdng hgp thfim quyen cfip pM6u thudc Sd Tu phap, tM vifc tra cuu, xac minh ddi vdi nhimg hd sa phuc tap phai qua cap trung gian la cdng an
Unh, ma Sd Tu phap khdng the tra cuu, xae minh tiirc tiep tu Cgc Hd sa ngMep vu canh sat - 66 Cdng an (C53). Nhu vay, quy trinh tra cuu long vdng, qua cap trung gian, dfin den su cham tri trong vifc ti^a ldi ket qufi tra cuu, xac mmh thdng tin, anh hudng tdi thdi han cap pMeu ly lich tu phap.
- Viec ung dung cdng nghf thdng tin de cung c ^ thdng tin Iy ljch tu phap giiia Tnmg tam Ly lich tu phap qudc gia, Sd Tu phap, Tda an nhan dan, \^en kiem sat nhan dan, ca quan cdng an va Tda an quan su Tnmg uang chua dugc thdng nhit, ddng bg: Thdng tu Udn tjch sd 04/2012/ITLT- BTP-TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BCA-BQP ngay 10/5/2012 cua Bg Tu phap, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao, Vien Ki§m sat nhfin dan tdi cao, Bg Cdng an, Bg (Judc phdng hudng dan trinh tu, did tuc tra cuu, xac minh, trao ddi, cung cap thdng tin ly lich tu phap da quy djnh nMeu pbuong thuc gui thdng tm ly ljch tu phap khac nhau (true tiep, qua buu dien, qua mang mfiy tinh) nen trong thuc te, nMeu Sd Tu phap va cac ca quan cd Uen quan chu yeu gdi thdng tin ly lich tu phap qua buu dien. Ben canh do, hau het cac Sd Tu p h ^ chua thuc hien ung dgng cdng nghe thdng tin trong hep nhan, trao ddi, tra cuu, xac minh thdng tin ly lich tu phap vdi cac ea quan him quan, dac biet la vdi co quan cdng an tinh. Cac hd so yeu can tra cuu tiiudng dugc chuyen nhan qua dudng van thu hanh chinh thdng thudng, do dd mat nMeu thdi gian, dan toi hf qua tfit yeu la cham tra ket qua cap pMeu ly lich tu phap cho ngudi dan.
- Khd khfin ve bien che, can bp: Mgt so Sd Tu pbap chua bd tri du bien chg chuyen trficli tdi tiiieu theo Quygt djnh sd 2369/QD-TTg ngay 28/12/2010 cda Thu thudng Chinh phu phe duyft De an "Xay dung Trung tam Ly lich M phap qudc gia va kifn tofin td chdc thudc Sd Tu p h ^ de xay
I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
So chuyen de viLy lich titphap
dgng, quan ly ca sd du Ufu ly Uch tu phap". Ben c?nh dd, trinh dg ehuyen mdn, ngMfp vu cda dgi ngu cdng chuc, vien chdc lam cdng tac ly ljch tu p h ^ Mfn nay chua tucmg xung vdi yeu cfiu nMem vg va thudng xuyen cd sg luan chuygn, didu dgng.
- T^ii mgt sd dja phuong, vifc phdi hgp tra cdu, xac minh thdng tm giiia Sd Tu phap va cac co quan: Cdng an, Tda an, Vifn kidm sat, tM hanh an dan sg, trai giam, trai tJim giam cdn chua kjp thdi, chua ddn ddc, nMet tmh... nhfit la ddi vdi nhung hirdng hgp phfii xac minh didu kifn xda an tich;
mpt bg phfn can bg, cong chuc (kg ca Ianh dao) chua de cao y thuc trach nMem trong vife cung c ^ tiidng tin Iy Uch tu phap. Ci mgt sd dja phuang cdn cd bieu hien gay khd khan trong vifc tra kdt qua tra cdu, xac minh thdng tin ly ljch tu phap.
De khac phgc tinh trang tren, ben canh vifc tdng kgt thgc tien, tiep tgc hoan Uiien cac quy dinh cua Luft Ly Ijch tu phap nam 2009, Bg Tu p h ^ da cM dao Trung tam Ly Ijch tu phap quoc gia phdi bgp vdi cac co quan cd lidn quan ngMgn cdu, ap dung cfic bifn phfip cd tinh cap bach dg giai quyet kjp thai tinh trang cham cap pMdu t^i cac dja phuong cd ty le cham cap pMgu cao. Trung tam Ly ljch tu phap qudc gia da chu dgng thd nghifm giai phap "kidng ba chan" la giai phap ung dgng cdng nghf thdng tin vao cdng tac phdi hgp tra cuu, xac minh giua Trung tam Ly lich tu phap qudc gia vdi Cue Hd sa ngMfp vu canh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53) vfi cfic Sd Tu ph^p. Theo do, phan mem "kigng ba chan" dugc cai dgt tai Tnmg tam Ly Uch tu phfip qudc gia. Cue Hd so nghiep vg canh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53) va cac Sd Tu phap dg tmyen true tigp qua mgng hd sa ygu cau tra cuu, xic minh thdng Un va tra ket qua tra cuu, xac minh thdng tin. Ddi vdi cac hd so ygu cfiu cap pMeu thugc tham quyen eua Trung tfim Ly ljch M phap qudc gia va can phai tra cdu tai Cyc Hd sa ngMfp
vu canh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53), Trung tam Ly lich ta phap qudc gia se truyen true tiep qua mang yeu cau tra cdu, xac minh thdng tm ly ljch ta phap va hd so ygu cau cSp phieu ly ljch tu phap cda ca nhan tdi Cgc Hd so ngMfp vu canh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53). Sau kM nhan dugc yeu cau tra cdu, xac minh hi Trung tam Ly Uch tu phfip qudc gia qua mang. Cue Hd so ngMep vu canh sat - Bp Cdng an (C53) cd ttach nMem tra cuu, xac minh va tra ket qua tra ciiu, xae minh thdng tin qua m$ng den Trung tam Ly ljch tu phap qudc gia ngay trong ngay (cac cdng van, hd so, giay td theo quy djnh vg thu flic yeu cau tra cuu, xac minh va tra ket qua tra cuu, xac minh se duge gui theo dudng cdng van den sau). Ket qufi tra ciru, xac mjnh thdng tin qua dirdng mang dugc the Mfn bang thdng bao ket qufi tra cuu dg cap pMeu ly lich tu phap qua dudng mang cd gia tii nhu van ban giay (ban gifiy se giii sau de kiem soat va luu trir). Cue Hd sa ngMep vu canh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53) hofin toan chju trfich nMem vg ket qufi tra cuu, xac minh nay. Ddi vdi cac Sd Tu phap, khi phfit sinh mgt trong cac trudng hgp theo quy djnh tgi khoan 2, 3 Dieu 47 Luat Ly ljch ta phap nam 2009 (ngudi duge cap pMgu ly hch M phap da cu tni d nMgu tinh, thanh phd true thugc tnmg uong ke tu kM du 14 tudi trd len; cdng dan Viet Nam cd thdi gian cu trd d nudc ngoai, ngudi nudc ngofii); cac trudng hgp dgn ngay thu 7 ke td ngay tiep nhan hd so yeu cau cap pMeu ly ljch tu phap ma Sd Tu phfip khdng nhan dugc ket qua tra cuu tu cfic ca quan cd tham quygn vfi cac trudng hgp can tMet khac theo yeu cfiu cua Sd Tu phap, tiu Sd Tu pbap tmygn true tigp qua mgng yeu cfiu tra cdu, xac minh thdng tin ly Uch tu phap tdi Tnmg tfim Ly ljch tu phfip qudc gia vfi Cgc H6 sa ngMep vu canh sat - Bd Cdng an (C53).
Vdi kdt qua tra cuu td Cue Hd sa ngMep vu cfinh sat - Bg Cdng an (C53), Trung tam Ly Ijch tu phap
Ddn chO & Phdp ludt I
So cbuyen deve Lylicb titphap
qudc gia se kiem tra, ddi cMeu, rfi soat, tra cuu tgi ca sd dii lieu ly lich tu phfip ciia Tnmg tam Ly Uch M phfip qudc gia va cd cdng van tta ldi ket qua tta cdu, xac minh cho Sd Tu phfip ciing qua dudng trayen mang. Tren ca sd dd, Sd Tu phap thuc hien cap pMeu ly ljch tu phap cho ngudi cd yeu cau.
Tu thang 12/2014 den ngay 30/6/2015, giai phap "kigng ba chan" neu trgn da dugc thu nghifm tai Trung tam Ly ljch tu phap qudc gia va 10 Sd Tu phfip cfic tMh, tiianh phd: TP Hd Chi Minh, Da Nfing, Binh Duang, Phu Ygn, Khfinh Hda, Thanh Hda, Thfii Nguyen, Vmh Phuc, An Giang va Ddng Thdp. Kit qua, tgi Trung tam Ly ljch tu phap qudc gia va 10 Sd Tu phap dugc thu ngMfm khdng nhirng giai quygt trift dg tinh trang cham thdi hgn cfip phigu ly ljch tu phap ma cfic trudng hgp n^y deu dugc tta sdm han thdi ban lufit dinh, cd tmdng hgp cM ttong 01 ngay Ifim vifc. Tgi cac tmh, thanh phd thgc bifn giai phap "kieng ba chan", Trung tam Ly ljch M phap qudc gia da phdi hgp vdi Cue Ho sa nghifp vg canh sat - Bd Cdng an (C53) tta ciiu, xac minh va ttd kgt qua tta cuu, xac minh thdng tin dg cfip pMgu ly lieh tu phap cho cac Sd Tu phfip lfi 14.322 hd sa, ttong dd, Sd Tu phap TP.
Ho CM Minh gfin 9.500 hd so; Sd Tu phap tinh Binh Duong gin 1.300 hd sa; Sd Tu phap TP. Dfi Nang ban 600 hd sa; Sd Tu phap tinh Thanh Hda gan 1.400 hd so; Sd Tu phap tinh An Giang gin 170 hd sa; Sd Tu phfip tinh Thai Nguyen hon 180 hd so; Sd Tu phap tinh Vmh Phuc ban 162 bd sa... Hau hdt cfic hd sa nfiy deu dugc Tnmg tam l^ ljch tu phap qudc gia tta ldi dung han va trade hgn ttong thdi gian 48 gid Iam vifc, nMgu hd sa chi sau vai gid ddng hd nhgn hd so, Sd Tu phap da cap pMgu ly lich M phdp cho ngudi cd ydu ciu.
Tu nhiing kgt qua tren day cho thSy, giai phap
"kidng ba chan" da mang Iai Mfu qua tich cue:
Gidi quyet ttift de tinh ttang chgm thdi hgn cfip
phidu ly ljch ta phfip tai Trung tam Ly ljch tu phfip qudc gia vfi kjp thdi giai quyet dugc tinh ttgng cham cap phieu ly hch tu phfip "ndng" cua mpt sd dja phuong; nit ngan thdi gian tta cuu thdng tin l^
lich ta pbap hi tten 15 ngay, cd kM tu 02 ddn 03 thang trade day xudng cdn dudi 05 ngfiy; giam dgn mdc tdi thigu thdi gian va cM phi di lai cda ngudi dfin; giai tda dugc cac diem "ndng" hue xuc cua dia phuang, dugc cac dja pbuong nMet tinh ddn nhgn va hoan nghdnh, gdp phan cung cd ni^m tm cda ngudi dan ddi vdi co quan nha nudc; nang cao cM sd canh tranh, thu hut dau tu; phgc vg kjp thdi cdng tfic dieu tra, tiny td, xet xu cda co quan udn hanh td tung; tao didu kien thufin lgi ttong cdng tac quan ly nhan su, hogt dpng dfing ky kinh doanh, thanh lgp, quan Iy doanh nghifp, hgp tfic x3 cua cac co quan nhfi nudc, td chdc chinh trj, to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi. Bgn canh do, giai phap nay cdn lfi cdng cg hd tro de Bh fin thi didm cdp phi^u ly lich to phap qua dich vg buu chinh, dang ky cdp pMgu ly lich to phap tivc toyen do Thu todng Chhih phu ban hanh cd didu kien tridn khai hifu qud.
Vdi nhirng hieu qufi da dgt dugc ttong qufi trinh thu nghiem, gidi phfip "kigng ba chan" da dugc Lanh dao Bp Tu phap gM nh^n, khfing djnh lfi gidi phfip him hifu ttong gidi quydt tMh ttang chdm cip pMgu Iy ljch to phap. Ngay 16/6/2015, BO Tu phfip da ban hdnh Cdng vfin sd 2015/BTP- TTLLTPQG vg giai quygt tmh ti^g cham thdi ban cap pMgu ly ljch to phap, theo dd, cac tinh, thanh phd true tiiugc ttung uong cd tMh trang cham thdi hgn tta kdt qufi cap pMdu ly* lich to phap se dp dugc ap dung gidi phdp "kieng ba chdn" de giai quy^t ddt digm tinh ttgng cham cip phigu I^
ljch to phap, bdo ddm vife cfip phieu ly Ijcb nr phap cho ngudi dan dugc chinh xac va sdm hon tiidi hgn phdp lugt quy djnh •
