T R U Q N G DAI H O C D O N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020)
IVIOT SO DINH Hl/OfNG NANG CAO HIEU QUA LIEN KET DAO TAO GIlTA TRTJOfNG DAI HOC Vdl DOANH NGHIEP
• Nguy§n Qudc Khanh'"', Lu-o-ng Nguyin Duy Thong*"!
Tom tat
Thuc te bdi todn nan gidi hien nay Id sinh vien ra tntdng khdng tim dugc viec lam, trong khi cdc doanh nghiep igi khdng tuyen duac lao dpng sau ddo tgo ddp img dugc nhu cdu. Dieu ndy cho thdy cdng tdc ddo tgo trong nhd tnedng dai hoc hien nay vdn chua "gan " vdi nhu cdu xa hpi, sinh vien ra truong cdn thieu nhieu Aj' nang. Men thiec thuc te cdng viec.. Mdt trong nhiing mdu chdt quan trong nhdt cua vdn de tren Id nhung viedng mdc trong hgp tae giira nhd trudng vd doanh nghiep trong edng tdc ddo tao. Bdi Viet phdc hoa ca sd ly ludn ve md hinh lien ket giiea tntdng dgi hpc vdi doanh nghiep; tit do dua ra mpt sd dinh hudng ndng cao hieu qud lien kit ddo tao giiia tnedng dai hpc vdi doanh nghiep nhdm khdc phuc bdt cap tdn tgi nhung nam qua ddi vdi gido due dgi hoc nude ta.
Tie khda Md hinh lien kit ddo tgo, trudng dgi hoc vdi doanh nghiep, nhu cdu doanh nghiep, dinh hudng ndng cao hieu qud.
1. Dat van de
Nhijng nam gan day, hien tugng gay hire xiic doi vdi giao due dai hpc nude ta la dao tgo ehua gSn lien vdi nhu cau ciia xa hdi, dae biet nhu eau cua cae doanh nghiep Mdt bd phan sinh vien tot nghiep khd tim duge viec lam hoac lam nhiing cdng viee khdng phii hpp vdi ehuyen mdn dugc dao tao.
Bd Lao ddng - Thuong binh va Xa hgi (2017) cdng bd, yen 162 000 ngudi cd trinh dp dgi hgc trd len b| that nghiep. Theo thdng ke cua Bg Giao due va Dao tgo, 63% sinh vien tot nghiep khdng ed viec lam, 37% duoc tuyen dung nhung khdng dap img dugc yeu cau cdng viec, phai mat 1-2 nam de dao tao lai (Zingvn, 2017) Mgt euge khao sat true tuyen eiia Career Builder (2018) vdi hon 1.000 nhamyen dung tai cac cdng ty khac nhau eho rang,
- Kinh nghiem ciia sinh vien it hen quan den nganh nghe se lam viec sau khi ra trudng;
- 23% nha tuyen dung ndi rSng, kha nang va kinh nghiem cua ung vien hen quan den cdng viee la yeu to quan tiong nhat, quyet dinh tuyen dung cua hg;
- 63% trong so ho eho rang, cac em chua biet tu tich luy kinh nghiem qua eae boat ddng tinh
'•> Truong Dai hpc Phan Thiet '"> Hoi Doanh nhan Ire tinh Dong Thap.
nguyen, buoi thuc hanh d trudng va qua nhirng vi^e lam part-time;
- Thieu tham vgng va Idng dam me, ehua chii trong vao nhiing diem manh ciia doanh nghiep va nhu'ng thach thiic d vi tri tuyen dyng
Trudc sy be tac ve "dau ra", nhieu trudng dai hoe da y thirc duoc van de phai "than thien", do do da tnen khai nhieu hogt ddng lien ket dao tgo vdi doanh nghiep. Bai viet dudi day nhdm tac gia neu rd hai ndi dung' Co sd ly luan ve md hinh lien ket giiia trudng dai hgc vdi doanh nghiep va mdt so dinh hudng nang eao hieu qua lien ket dao tao giiia trudng dgi hoc vdi doanh nghiep nham khac phuc bat cap ton tai ciia giao due dai hge nude ta
2. Noi dung
2.1. Cff sff ly luan ve mo hinh lien ket giua truomg dai hoc voi doanh nghiep
2.1.1. Nhu cdu hinh thdnh md hinh lien ket giua tntdng dgi hpc vdi doanh nghiep
a. Trudng dai hoe tnede nhitng yeu eau eiia ky nguyen mdi
Ngay nay, tien bd cdng nghe dang lam thay ddi tan goe re cude sdng cua chimg ta. Cimg vdi sy phat trien dien thoai di ddng, cac yang mang xa hgi dang ket ndi mgi ngudi khap noi tren the gidi vdi nhau. Cude song tuong lai se cd nhieu thay ddi
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc sd 42 (02-2020) Ion khd dy doan. Van d§ dgt rg, giao due chuan bi
dugc nhimg gi cho the he tuong lai, neu khdng ed su ddi mdi?
Vdi loi day hge truyen thong, nha trudng xem truyen dat kien thuc la ndi dung giao dye ehu yeu, chii trong den viec chap nhan chan ly da cd han la ggi md ngudi hoc biet dat cau hdi va kham pha ehan ydi mdi. Trong thdi dgi kinh te yi thire, kien thire chuyen mdn tao ra tien bd cdng nghe, lam tang nang suat tao ddng, tao ra phdn vinh nhung neu chi kien thire thdi, con ngudi se thua xa tri tue nhan tgo. Giao due can phai thay doi each nhdi nhet du thu kien thirc chi nham muc tieu thi eir va bang cap, chuyen sang tgo khdng gian cho ngudi hgc dugc len tieng va chat van nhiing gi da cd va dang ed, de khdng ehi cd san pham la nhirng ngudi gidi ve ehuyen mdn va ky thuat ma edn biet quan tam tdi cae van de xa hdi; van de chinh la yang bi cho ngudi hoe nhan thirc ve gia tn va thai dd sdng tieh eye chir khdng phai ky nang, biet img xir vdi ehinh minh va cuge sdng, biet xay dung thien cam, Idng tin va quan he hop tae vdi ngudi khac.
Trong ky nguyen each mang edng nghiep 4.0, xu hudng chung nha trudng eua eae nude hien nay quan tam yang bj ngudi hgc he gia tn nen tang, thai dd song va ky nang smh tdn. Theo do eac trudng dgi hoe xay dung mdi quan he hop tae gan bd hon vdi gidi doanh nghiep, eiing nhu y thirc sau sae hon ve trach nhiem ciia ca sd dao tgo ddi vdi phat tnen edng dong xa hpi. Thay vi ehi tap trung tgo ra kien thirc mdi va tao ra con ngudi chuyen gia, thi ngay nay nha trudng can ehii trong ca 'viec dua kien thirc vao cude sdng va hudng tdi dao tgo con ngudi khdi nghi?p; cd kha nang md ra nhiing md hinh kinh doanh mdi, tgo ra nhimg giai phap, san pham, nhu cau mdi cua xa hdi; ed nang lye nhan dien CO hgi va chii ddng nam bat Day la nhiing pham chat can thiet ma nha yudng hien tai ehi ed the chuan bi duoc eho ngudi hgc, thdng qua phat trien quan he hgp tac dao tao vdi cac doanh nghiep.
b. Xu the ddi mdi phuong thitc ddo tao gan vdi nhu cdu doanh nghiep
Tir boat ddng thyc tien trong xa hdi hien dai va qua trinh xay dyng nen kinh te tri thirc da ehi
rd, mgt trong nhiing yeu to anh hudng den chat lugng eua co sd dao tgo, su thanh edng budc dau eua sinh vien tdt nghiep la ket qua kien tao mdi trudng vat ehat, tinh than hgp tae yong hoat dgng dao tgo giiia nha trudng va doanh nghiep. Chinh vi vay, da cd nhieu trudng dai hgc tren the gidi tien hanh cai each each thirc dao tao, ma yong tam chinh la thi^t lap md hinh hen ket giiia nha trudng vdi dganh nghiep, ngay nay hien tugng nay da yd thanh xu the doi mdi phuang thire dao tgo ciia cac yudng dgi hgc Cu the:
- Tai My, Dao luat Bayh-Dole tiidng qua vao thang I2nam 1980, cho phep cac trudng dai hoc va eac to chuc phi Igi nhuan dupe cap bang sang che va thuong mai hda ket qua nghien ciru bang ngan sach cua chinh phu; eac co quan Hen bang dupe cap giay phep cho eac cdng nghe img dung trong thuong mai va ddi song san xuat;
- Nam 1998, Nhat Ban ban hanh Luat xiic tign chuyen giao edng nghe edng nghiep dai hgc, ehg phep thanh lap cac van phdng cap phep cdng nghe (TLOs) nhan tai chinh tir ehinh phii, de trang trai cac chi phi hanh chinh va khuyen khich eac hop dong chuyen giao cdng nghe giiia cac trudng dai hge va don -vi edng nghiep. Nam 2004, Nhat Ban tien hanh cai each giao due dgi hoe, yong tam ehuyen doi cac trudng dgi hoc quoc gia thanh mdt ehe do mdi ciia sy sang tao tn thirc.
Tai Viet Nam, mac dii chii truong doi mdi giao due vdi phuong cham xa hdi hda giao due, gan ket giao due vdi thyc te yeu eau cua xa hdi, xay dyng md hinh quan ly dai hgc trong dd lay nghien cim khoa hgc va ehuyen giao khoa hgc cdng nghe lam dgng luc phat yien ben -viing, kem theo eac chinh saeh vaca che cho dgi hge gSn ket vdi doanh nghiep - cdng nghiep - dich vy. Tuy nhien, thyc te ket qua van chua mang lai dugc nhu ky vong.
2 1.2. Nhirng vdn di vi md hinh lien kit ddo tgo giiia trudng dgi hpc vdi doanh nghiep
a. Cdc md hinh lien kit ddo lao giiia trudng dgi hoc vdi doanh nghiip
Md hinh hen ket dao tgo giiia trudng dgi hge va doanh nghiep rat da dgng.
T R U Q N G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) - Lien ket trong nghien cuu khoa hge, day la
hinh thiic lien ket cag nhat, cd y nghia co ban lau dai, - Thuong mai hda cac ket qua nghien ciru, kha nang chuyen giao edng nghe cang cao neu cimg cd dugc bd khung the ehe bao dam quyen sd hiiu tri tue;
- Thiie day kha nang luu ehuyen ciia sinh vien, thdng qua viee tgo ra cac ca che hd tio nhu dua di thuc tap va tgo ra co hdi giao luu;
- Thiic day su van ddng, luu chuyen ciia gidi han lam, khuyen khich nhiing boat dgng giao luu hay hgp dong lam viee ngan hgn. Tuy nhien, can cd luat le, quy dinh de bao ve quyen loi;
- Xay dung va thuc hien chuong trinh dao tao, thdng qua eae cude thao luan va trao ddi thdng yn, tan dung gidi chuyen gia dang lam -viec tai cac doanh nghiep tham gia dao tgo;
- Hoc tap sudt ddi, tang eudng giao tiep va md rdng cac hinh thirc hgc tap khac nhau;
- Hd yg tinh than sang nghiep va cac hoat ddng khdi nghiep, tao ra mdt van hda, dat sinh vien trudc nhiing con dudng sang nghiep va Idi cudn ho thoat ra khdi Idi mdn tu duy,
- Tham gia quan tri nha trudng, mdi nhiing doanh nghiep thanh dat tham gia vao hdi ddng tmdng
b. Lgi ich lien kit ddo tgo gan vdi nhu cdu ciia doanh nghiip
Trong hoat ddng lien ket dao tao, yeu td quyet dinh thanh cdng la cac ben phai cimg cd Ipi ich (Win-Win) Ve ly thuyet, Igi ich cua viec lien ket giua eo sd dao tgo va doanh nghiep la dang ke cho ca hai ben. Cu the;
- Ddi vdi doanh nghiep, cd duoe ngudn nhan luc phii hap vdi nhu cau phat tnen, giam bdt cdng sire tim kiem lao ddng tren thi trudng ty do, thdi gian va chi phi de dao tao lai Tham chi cd the "dat hang" de dao tao ra nhirng can bd, ehuyen gia dap img dugc nhu eau phat trien theo mong mudn. Tiep can trye tiep vdi eac giai phap phat tnen, phat minh, sang ehe va cac djch vu tu van;
- Ddi vdi trudng dai hoc, trudc het san pham
dau ra da cd noi dat hang, nhd do n5m bit duoc eu the yeu cau ve kien thiic, ky nang, nghiep vu, pham chat nghe nghiep, sd lugng/qui md cSn phai dao tgo. Day eiing la eo sd quan trong de thigt ke ndi dung eae chuang trinh dao tao va tuyen chgn, phat tnen ddi ngu giang vien Mat khac, nhd cd dan dat hang, ed dugc nguon kmh phi doi dao, nha trudng cd the tang eudng co sd vat chat Nhiing Igi ich nay se giiip trudng dai hge cd dugc thuong hieu manh, thu hiit ngudn dau vao gidi, nhieu don dat hang va nhan dugc nhieu tai yg
Ndi chung, gan ket dao tao theo nhu cau cua doanh nghiep se mang Igi lgi ich to Idn cho tat ca cac ben Sy gan ket nay da va dang duge eae trudng dgi hpc va doanh nghiep d nhieu nude khai thae triet de 0 nude ta. cae trudng dai hoc va doanh nghiep eung bat dau thay dugc Igi ich to Idn eua
•viec gan ket nay
c Ndi dung vd ca chi ddo tgo gan vdi nhu cdu cua doanh nghiip
Nhin ehung, quy trinh dao tao gan vdi nhu cau cua doanh nghiep, chii yeu gdm 3 khau- dau ra, edng nghe dao tao va dau vao Cac khau deu ed lien he mat thiet vdi nhau, yong do khau dau ra la dieu kien, muc yeu quyet dinh ndi dung cac khau edn lgi. Do san pham dao tao la cau ndi, vi vay de gan ket Igi ich, ca hai ben can phai xac dinh ro lien ket ndi dung gi va co che hen ket. Cu the:
vi not dung lien kit
Nha trudng bat dau bang viee nam rd he thong ky nang can ed eiia ngudi can dao tao, sau dd mdi lua chgn cdng nghe dao tgo va dau vao phii hop.
Trong dd:
- Dau vao, la eac ngudn tuyen sinh theo yeu cau ciia timg chuong trinh dao tgo;
- Cdng nghe dao tao, gdm 6 thanh to. quan ly, giang vien, chuong trinh dao tao, hoc lieu, co sd vat chat, djch vu dao tao va tai ehinh;
- Dau ra, gdm; kien thirc, ky nang, nghiep vu, pham ehat, danh gia, phat tnen nhan Iyc
Qua ket qua danh gia nhu eau "dau ra", nha trudng se lya chon dugc cdng nghe dao tao thieh
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020) hop Dam bao eac thanh td hudng vao dap img
yeu cau dau ra va tuong thich vdi nhau. Mdi thanh td deu ed sy tham gia, phoi hop giua dai hoc va doanh nghiep.
Vi CO che gan kit
The hien qua ndi dung chuong trinh dao tao, day ciing la yeu to cd vai trd la dieu kien hen quy St dam bao thanh cdng.
- Tuy theo timg -vi tri cdng viee trong doanh nghiep, nha trudng se thiet ke ndi dung ebuong trinh ve kien thirc, ky nang, nghiep vu va nhiing pham chat nghe nghiep can thiet. Doanh nghiep se tham gia thdng qua cung cap thdng tin, phan bien ndi dung chuong trinh,
- Tren co sd cac chuong trinh dao tao dgt chuan khoa hoc, thye tien, hen thdng qudc te, nha trudng se xay dyng hoe lieu Doanh nghiep se tham gia hoae eung cap thdng tin de viet cac nghien cuu tinh huong. Kmh nghiem thanh edng va that bai cua cac ea nhan yong timg vi tri cdng -viec;
- Ddi ngu giang vien, can cir vao ngi dung, yeu cau eua chuong trinh dao tgo, eae giang vien phai xay dyng, dieu chinh, bo sung nhirng kien thirc, ky nang, pham chat nghe nghiep ma doanh nghiep can, chir khdng phai la dua vao nhiing thu cd san hoae y muon chu quan;
- Phuong phap day - hgc, thuc tap cua smh vien thay ddi theo hudng phuc -vu ngudi hoe, dam bao duoe su linh hogt va bam sat thuc te;
- Tang cudng nang I ue ve co sd vat chat, doanh nghiep cd the hd tro qua hien tang giang dudng, phdng thi nghiem, thiet bi dgy hoc va dao tgo tgi doanh nghiep;
- Cae dieh -vu dao tao gan vdi nhu cau, bao gom tat ca cac boat ddng nham tgo dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec tnen khai cac chuong trinh dao tao, trong dd dac biet la cae dieh vu tu van nghe nghiep, gidi thieu viee lam cho smh -vien,
- Nguon tai chinh, doanh nghiep cung cap hgc bong, tra hoc phi dudi dang tai tro de dao tao, eung cap nguon nhan luc eho minh, ky cac hgp ddng nghien ciiu, tu van va dau tu mao hiem (phat minh,
sang che, y tudng mdi,...) hoac khdi nghiep, vudn uom doanh nghiep, khu edng nghe eao ..,
2.13 Dieu kien dam bdo md hinh liin kit ddo tgo gan vai nhu cdu doanh nghiep
De dam bao thanh cdng cho md hinh dao tgo gan vdi nhu cau cua doanh nghiep, can thda man duac cac dieu kien sau
a Ddi vdi quan he hop tdc giiea doanh nghiip vd trudng dgi hoc
- Nhan thirc va quyet tam cua lanh dao trudng va doanh nghiep. Cac ben phai thay ro dugc Igi ich ciia su hop tac va hieu day dii can phai lam eai gi va nhu the nao,
- Can cd chien luge phat trien rd rang, vdi doanh nghiep can cd chien luoc nhan su cu the, yeu cau ciia timg vi tri cdng viec;
- Can cd cae bg phan ehuyen yaeh, thuc hien edng viec hgp tac, dam nhan vai trd lam eau noi, dieu phdi chuyen nghiep eae boat dgng dao tao gan vdi nhu cau cua doanh nghiep.
b. Ddi vdi quan he hgp tdc giua Chinh phu, doanh nghiep vd tntdng dai hoc
- Chinh saeh, hd tro tai chinh, dat dai.. , - Nhan thirc, quyet tam chien lupe phat trien rd rang, quyen tu chii eao,
- Bd phan ehuyen trach thuc hien;
- Nha trudng phai dugc quyen ty chii cao trong cac quyet dinh ed lien quan den eae hogt dgng dao tao,
- Can cd sy hd tra eiia Chinh phii, ehinh quyen dia phuong
2.1.4 Cdc yiu td tdc dong din md hinh lien kit ddo tgo gan vdi nhu cdu doanh nghiep
Tuy theo timg cap dd, eac yeu to tac dpng den md hinh lien ket dao tgp gan vdi nhu cau doanh nghiep nhu sau:
- 0 cap dp hanh dgng, dd la vai trd ciia cac ben lien quan bao gom nha trudng, Nha nude va eac doanh nghiep, Trong do trudng dai hgc dugc hieu la bao gom nhirng ngudi giang day va nghien cim
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020) chuyen nghi?p; gidi quan ly, gidi chuyen gia dang
lam d cae doanh nghiep va cd tham gia vao mdt sd hogt dgng chuyen mdn eiia nha trudng,
- Q cap do eac nhan to, dd la nhan thirc ve lgi ich, ddng lue va rao can, ciing nhu cac nhan to tinh the tgo thuan loi hay gay can ngai cho mdi quan he hgp tac;
- d cap dd ket qua, dd la hgp tac yong nghien ciiu, luu ehuyen eac nha khoa hge, sinh vien, thuong mai hda ket qua nghien eim, xay dyng va thuc hien chugng trinh dao tao, giao due suot ddi, ho ya sang nghiep va quan tri to ehirc,
- Q cap do san pham, dd la viec tao ra kien thiic mdi qua nghien eim, sang ehe, phat minh, bai bao khoa hge; Thirc day san xuat qua chuyen giao cdng nghe, tang trudng kinh te dua tren tri thirc;
Cung cap nguon nhan Iyc cd ky nang qua dao tgo, sd sinh vien tot nghiep ed viec lam;
- Ci cap do tac ddng den tang trudng kinh te do la nhiing thay doi trong phuang thiic san xuat hay each thirc ma xa hdi dang tdn tai va nen kinh te dang van hanh tir nhiing san pham duoc tgo ra
2.2. Mot so dinh hu'ffng nang cao hieu qua lien ket dao tao giua trtfcfng dai hoc vol doanh nghiep
2.2.1. Ihiet ke chuong trinh ddo tgo dua trin nhu cdu doanh nghiep
Bat ngudn tir phuang phap dao tao theo van de Aalborg (PBL) do Dai hoc Aalborg (Dan Mgeh) dua ra de thu hut doanh nghiep tham gia vao cae du an eiia sinh vien va tir dd hinh thanh nen eac nhu cau dao tgo theo thue te doanh nghiep can.
Loai hinh nay rat phii hgp vdi cac nganh kinh te vi thudng chi giai quyet mdt van de hen quan den cdng ty theo xu hudng bien doi kmh te xa hdi hien thdi, Chuong trinh dao tao ra lam hai phan
- Kien thirc nen tang mang tinh hoc thugt cao nham tao co sd khoa hpc nen tang de giai quyet van de dat ra;
- Kien thire md hinh thue te la gidi thieu eac md hinh ly thuyet dimg de giai quyet cae van de se duoc giai quyet trong du an.
Vdi chuang trinh dao tao nay sinh vien se biet hoe de lam gi va lam gi de hieu ro hon nhiing gi dugc hgc, Ngoai ra, cdn cho phep nha trudng lap ra hdi ddng danh gia khda hgc eae giang vien trong va ngoai trudng va cac thanh vien Mat khac, tgo moi lien kk hiiu co, doanh nghiep dugc mdi eiing tham gia kiem tra danh gia ket qua hoc tap ciia smh vien, ddng thdi ed the tae ddng thay doi ket cau chuang trinh dao tgo, trong khi nha trudng se can bang duoc chuong trinh dao tao cd kip thdi dap img duoc nhu cau phat tnen eua xa hdi
2.2.2. Thiet lap vd xdy dung mang ludi lien ket vdi doanh nghiip lien quan
Xuat phat tir md hinh lien ket ciia Dai hoc Madnd (Tay Ban Nha), xay dung mang ludi cac doanh nghiep cd cae thanh td cuu sinh vien, mdi quan he lanh dao, de tranh thu sy hd trg hinh thanh nen cac trung tam phat tnen hgp tac doanh nghiep.
Cd hai hinh thirc trien khai;
- Lien ket ngi bd, can ed dgi dien ciia mdi phdng ban de phan phoi cae van de eua doanh nghiep den cac nhdm nghien eiiu,
- Lien ket ben ngoai, can cd ngudi lam dai dien, nhiem -vu ehinh la td chirc cac budi gap mat trao doi ciing nhu thao luan giiia nha trudng va doanh nghiep.
2.2.3 Xdy dung bd phan phdt tnen nghi nghiep thudng xuyen
Y tudng nay lan dau dugc trien khai tai Dai hge Babes - Bolyai (Rumani), binh thanh bd phan phat trien nghe nghiep, dao tao nang cao. Tren ea sd khao sat nhu eau de td chirc thiet ke chuang trinh dao tao theo dimg nhu cau dang can ciia doanh nghiep, theo hinh thiic chinh quy, ban chinh quy va dao tgo tir xa Ddi tugng ngudi hoc tap trung vao nhdm tudi tic 30 den 40, nhung ngudi dang di lam can cai thien ky nang hoac bo sung mdt sd kien thirc cd hen quan, Vdi ehuong trinh dao tao tit xa va theo yeu cau, du kien se giiip dam bao chat lugng dao tgo cua nha trudng tugng thich vdi yeu cau eua xa hdi, dac biet cap nhat duoc nhu cau tuyen dung eua cae doanh nghiep.
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) 2.2.4. Hgp tdc liin doanh ddo tao. ldp trung
tdm md phdng thuc ti cdng nghiep
Md hinh nay phu hgp vdi tinh yang thieu kinh phi, bSng each hen doanh vdi cac doanh nghiep d i xay dung cac phdng md phdng thuc te cho sinh vien thuc hanh va dao tgo nang cao cho ky su ciia chinh doanh nghiep, Viec nay, giiip eae truong xay dyng duge eo sd hg tang phuc vu cho nghien ciiu hgc tap dong thdi ciing khai thae duge loi ich kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, hinh thirc hgp tae nay chi thanh edng, khi ca hai ben dua tren muc tieu chuyen giao kien thirc edng nghe, chir khdng phai dan thuan la tiet kiem tien trong viec dau tu CO sd ha tang cho nghien ciiu va hgc tap Neu thyc hien dugc, vi^c chuyen giag kien thirc va cdng nghe den ngudi su dung cudi cimg se duge day nhanh hon rat nhieu.
2.2.5. Liin kit hop tde nghien cim giiea trudng dai hoe - chinh quyin dia phuong - doanh nghiep Xuat phat tir Dai hoc Madrid (Portugal), Dgi hgc Babes-Bolyai (Rumani), trongviec thuong mai hda khoa hgc cdng nghe thuc day boat ddng nghien cim va chuyen giao cdng nghe Qua dd giiip tao ra nguon luc tai chinh tai trg cho eac de tai nghien eim va day nhanh qua trinh chuyen giao khoa hgc cdng nghe den noi can den, Moi quan he bd ba Dgi hgc - Dia phuong - Doanh nghiep du kien se giiip cac trudng dgi hgc tiep can duoc cac doanh nghiep de dang, nhanh chdng hon va tgo eo sd eho phat trien cac du an, de tai nghien ciru sat vdi thuc te va nha trudng cd dugc sy tai tig kinh phi thyc hien tir ngan sach nha nude va doanh nghiep.
2.2.6 Phdn quyin qudn ly trong trudng dai hoc De cd the khai thae het the manh eua timg ea nhan frong cac bd phan ciia trudng dgi hgc, nhiem
•vu lien ket doanh nghiep nen phan tan ve eho timg khoa, thay vi tap trung d mdt bd phan hoac Ban Giam hieu. Tham ehi cd the giao ve cho timg bd mdn. Md hinh nay rat tiianh cdng d Dgi hoc Ulsan (Han Qudc) va Dgi hgc Tulsa (Oklahoma, My), hp thudng xuyen mdi cae doanh nghi$p cd ITnh vuc kinh doanh lien quan den timg chuyen nganh dao tao ve timg khoa/bp mdn de trinh bay, ciing
nhu cung cap thdng tin ve cac co hdi viee lam cho sinh vien, thay vi to chirc cac Ngay hgi Cdng ty (Company Day) cho cac smh vien sap tot nghiep ra trudng, Nhiing buoi bao cao nay dugc xem nhu la cac khda hgc bo sung vao chuong trinh dao tap ehinh khda.
2.2.7. Td chitc hdi thao khoa hoc - Doanh nghiip Hinh thanh eac dien dan trao doi hay eac budi hdi thao khoa hge ed su tham gia cua giang vien, cac nha khoa hoc nghien ciiu ddc lap, doanh nghiep va cyu sinh vien. 0 My, cac dai hoc thudng to chirc eac buoi doi thoai giiia nha trudng vdi doanh nghiep ve cac van de kinh te - xa hdi phat sinh noi trdi gan nhat. Nha trudng edn cd dinh hudng dua moi quan he vdi cac doanh nghiep len tam ddi tac chien luoc. Doanh nghiep hd tro tai chinh, doi lgi cac giao su se phai cam ket hoan thanh cae bao cao khoa hgc phuc vu cho cac de tai nghien ciru theo y muon ciia doanh nghiep, ngay ea tham gia huan luyen doanh nghiep neu dugc yeu cau.
2.2.8. Thdnh lap doanh nghiep thupe khoa ciia truong dgi hoc
Tmdng dai hgc cd the cho phep cac khoa thanh lap cac doanh nghiep nghien ciiu con hoac phdng thi nghiem dich vu dudi su quan ly cua khoa Day la mpt trong nhiing yeu to dac trung eiia cac tmdng dai hpc tien tien hien nay. Qua do lam tang tinh tich cue, chu dgng ciia giang vien trong viee ddng gdp vao moi lien ket trudng hgc va doanh nghiep Cac nghien ciiu cim se chi phuc vu thyc tien, vi danh tryc yep vao cac yeu to sdng edn cua doanh nghiep. Chi phi hoat dpng se lay tir cae nghien ciiu ciia doanh nghiep va ddng gdp chung vao hogt dpng cua khoa
2.2 9. Chuang trinh hudn luyen nghi nghiip Xuat phat tir Dai hoc Surrey (UK) xay dung mgt chuong trinh huan luyen nghe nghiep cho sinh vien ngay tir nam thir 3 (Day la dgt huan luyen nghe nghiep de chuan bi trudc cac kinh nghiem nghe nghiep cho smh vien trudc khi nhan de tai/
du an nghien eim tdt nghi?p) Sinh vien se dugc nha tmdng chgn lge gin den cac doanh nghiep tiieo
TMCMG DAI H O C D 6 N G T H A J Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) dung chuyen mon dang theo hoc. Chuong trinh du trudng dai hoc va doanh nghiep da nhan thiic huan luyen nay dupe tinh nhu mot tin chi phai hoan duoc loi ich ciia viec hgp tac voi nhau nhung do thanh truoc Uii buoe vao nam cuoi. Nha truong tao chua xay dung duoc van hoa chung nen cac ben ra mgt mang luai cac ttg giang c4p cao (nguoi cua con limg tiing, chua thuc su quyit tam hop tac.
doanh nghiep), co hieu biet va kien thiic ve ITnh Viec gjn Iset dao tao voi nhu cju doanh nghiep vuc nghi nghiep chuyen mon, dua hen moi quan he chi thuc su thanh cong neu lanh dao cac ben deu lau dai, de ho trp sinh vien trong suot chuong trinh thong nhat duoc nhan thiic, quyet tam thuc hien;
huan luyen. Sinh vien se co co hoi co xat va the cac ben diu co chien luoc phat triin ro rang; co hien truac yeu cau va moi trucmg lam viec tai doanh bo phan chuyen trach thuc hien; trucmg dai hpc nghiep. Cac tra giang se giao nhiem vu va giam sat duoc tu chu cao va co su ho tro cin thiet ca v i sinh vien trong suot qua trinh thuc tap NhSm lam co che chinh sach va tai chinh, dSt dai cua Chinh cho de tal tot nghiep se phii hop voi nhu cau doanh phu, dia phuong.
^lep va sinh vien co thoi gian trai nghiem thuc
Mpt truong dai hpc cung cp t h i lua chon te, de cd dinh hudng nghien ciiu tot hon. nu;A,, „ A U.^U I UA^ U + , - , * - *
' ° °^ nhieu mo hinh khac nhau, tuy vao dge tnmg cua 3. Ket luan timg khoa/bd mdn cung nhu moi quan he va dac Dao tao gSn vdi nhu ciu cua doanh nghiep la ^^^ ^^^ ^o^*^ nghiep. Nhung dii hinh thire nao, xu hudng tat yeu yong eg che thi trudng. Viec gSn ^f *r^™g ^^^ hoc deu phai thira nhan r4ng day la ket nay se mang lgi nhi^u Igi ich cho ca nha trudng y®^ ^6 cd y nghTa quyet dmh den sy ton tgi va phat dai hge va doanh nghiep. 0 nude ta hien nay, mac ^"^" '"^^ minh./.
Tai lieu tham khao
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SOME ORIENTATIONS FOR ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF TRAINING LINKS BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND ENTERPRISES
Abstract
The current dilemma is now that it is very hard for graduates to find jobs, while businesses caimot recruit trained workers to meet their needs This shows that the haimng work in universities is still not
"close" to social needs. Graduates still lack many practical skills and knowledge One of the principal causes is the cooperation between schools and businesses in yaining. The paper outiines the theoreycal basis for the model of university-business linkages; thereby, it proposes some orientations to improve the effectiveness of training links between the two partoers in order to overcome the inherent shortcomings in the past years for higher edueayon m our country
Keywords Models of joint training, universities with businesses, business needs, efficiency improvement orientation.
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