NGHIEN CIJU GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAI \-JT
b. Li do trien khai CTHgc ki tu do
Mac du Han Quoc cd thii hang tdp dau trong CT danh gia HS qudc tg/PISA 2012 (OECD, 2012) nhung ngudi dan Han Qudc ddu cdng nhan rang, tre em dang phai chiu mdt ganh nang hgc tap qua muc din tdi ti le ht tu tang eao vi cac em khdng thay hanh phiie khi di hoc. Day la mdt trong nhiing thach thuc cua GD Han Qudc. Chinh sach FSP nham giai quydt sau thach thirc trong he thdng GD hien tai eua Han Qudc (Lee, 2013), sau thach thiic do la:
- Cang thang trong bge tap: Nguygn nhan do tuygn sinh dai hgc chu ygu dugc xae dinh bdi kha nang hgc thuat, hgc trudc CT giang day, canh tranh trong GD tu nhan,...;
- Day hgc tap trung vao GV: Tac dgng cua viec day kigu bai giang mdt chieu;
- Hgc tap thien vi cho cac mdn hgc ehinh: Khdng phan anh udc mo va tai nang ca nban;
- Hgc gidi ban trong sach giao khoa va trong khdng gian ldp hgc: Khdng cung c4p du co hgi dd kham pha cac kha nang nghe nghiep;
- Danh gia dua tren bai thi, bai kigm tra: Xep hang HS theo digm kiem tra va danh gia theo kgt qua, khdng chii trgng vao qua trinh;
- Nhan lire GD do GV chi phdi: Chua tan dung ngudn nhan lire GD phong phii d ben ngoai,
c. Mue dich cua CTHgc kl tu do
Giai quygt sau thach thiic cua GD Han Qude, FSP nham mue dieh sau:
- Tao CO hgi cho HS tu tim kiem udc mo va tai nang cua minh, tir kham pha khuynh hudng nghg nghiep tirong lai eho ban than;
- Thay ddi van hda GD dira tren kidn thiic cd sin va dua tren su canh tranh, ganh dua sang mgt he thdng GD nang cao kha nang tu dinh hudng, hge tap sang tao va trau ddi cac nang luc chinh nhu nang lire ca nhan, nang lye xa hdi, ...;
- Bign mdi ngay dgn trudng la mgt ngay vui bang each cai each he thdng GD qudc dan.
d. Tdm nhln ciia CTHgc ki tudo
FSP nham tao co hgi cho HS THCS cd nhieu hoat dgng trai nghiem ban. Didu nay cho phep HS kham pha nghd nghigp tuong lai dua tren nang lire eua minh, tang cudng kha nang hgc tap tu dinh hudng va trau ddi nang luc dinh hudng tuang lai de nudi duong ude mo va tai nang cua mdi ca nhan, trong dd ed cac giai phap nhu: Iinh boat trong thigt kg va quan li CT, PPDH Ifiy HS lam trung tam, danh gia qua trinh, hoat dgng trai nghiem da dang (xem Hinh 1).
M S ngay den \ceK3ag la mot ngay voi Gtao dpc rani drSng aocmo vitai nang
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I MoTong FSPboi^ irabo^ tien h^cva tnn^ hoc nkr l a j I ^ mot phSn caa cai cAcfa GD
Hinh 1: Tdm nhin cita CT Hgc ki tif do cita Hdn Qudc (MoE. 2013)
2.2. Trien khai ChiTdng trinh Hoc ki tiT do cua Han Quoc a. Cdch thiec trim khai CTHgc ki tu do
FSP dugc trign khai chii yeu cho HS ldp 7 (ldp hgc dhx cap THCS cua Han Qudc) d hge ki 1 hoae hgc ki 2. Cd mdt khung CT chung do Bd GD ban hanh nhung mdi trudng ddu ed the xay dung mdt CT rieng phii hgp vdi trudng minh. Ngoai cac mdn hgc chinh khda thi trong Hge ki hr do, HS duge tham gia vao cae boat ddng trong bdn linh vuc sau (Park, 2016) (xem Hinh 2):
Ho9t dgi^ kham pha
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Ho^t dgng cau l^c bp
•Cic khda hgc vk chitong t i ^ gi4ng day iLu(jc Oak k l de thiic d k sy hieu biet ve ban than, tim hieu ve caig viec vk nghi nghi^. CSc chuySn di thtrc tl din cac dia diem va co scr lam vi^c dl Idiam pha tii nans va sd tiiich Clia HS.
•T6 chiic Iheo cac dua de dn^&n agiinli, phaii anh so thich cua HS Cac kh6a hoc dJc bi^chuyen nganh thudng khong du^c cung cap trong chuong trinh gjang dgy chinh Ictoa nhu- Guitar, Tilng Trung, T i ^ a Nhgt, Thu fiap. Ao thugt, tham quan thi gioi. Song xanh, Tm chi jttudng hoc, Viet sang tao,...
•Cau Igc bo phong vien anh. Can Igc bg ngh? thugt & thii coi^ va c^c loai cau Igc bg khae danh cho HS. NhJm nang cao vai tr6 ciia HS trong hogt dgng cau Igc bg, do chinh cSc em t6 chtjtc va dieu hkih, dya tren Igi ich chung cua cac em.
Hogt dpng nghg thugt v^ Qie & o
•Nham phit trien tiem ntog cua HS, gflm cac hogt dgng da dang nhu Gayageum (nhgc cp tn^en fli6ng ciia Han Quoc), boi lgi, am nhgc, bieu dien ngh^ thult, trupt bSng,,..
Hinh 2: Cdc ITnh vue/hogt ddng chinh eiia CTHgc ki tu do cua Hdn Qudc (ben egnh cdc mdn hgc chinh khd ) 60 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUG VIET NAM
Mdt ngay ddn tnrdng trong Hgc ki tu do: Vao budi sang, HS ddn ldp hgc (regular classes) vdi cac mdn hgc troi^ CT chinh khda (khoang 20 ddn 22 gid). Budi chidu la thdi gian danh cho cac hoat dgng trai nghiem da dang.
Bu6i sang dgn ldp nhimg khdng phai hgc nhu eae hpc H tmdc day ma cac hoat dgng chu ydu la: HS thao luan, dong vai, hanh luan, tuang tac; GV nhan xet, gdp y va khong eham didm. Budi chieu, HS dugc tham gia cac hoat dgng cau lac bd, trai nghiem, lira chpn chuyen dg (heo sd thieh ca nhan. Nhigu trudng edn td chiie cho HS tham gia vac cac boat ddng lidn quan dgn FSP sau gid hpc (hoae td chiie ca FSP trong ki nghi). Thdi gian danh cho cac mdn hgc chinh khda budi sang giam xudng cdn khoang 57% den 66% so vdi hgc ki thdng thudng, danh thdi gian cho FSP (Lee, 2013) (xem Hinh 3).
Hinh 3: Cdc mdn hge trong Hgc ki tu do cua Hdn Qudc (MoE, 2013)
Qua phan tich ta thay rang, FSP dugc hidu la tat ca CT, hoat ddng trien khai trong mdt hgc ki khdng thi cir, bao g6m ca cac mdn hgc chinh khda (Hinh 3) va bdn nhom hoat ddng (Hinh 2). Nhung ddi khi de nhan marih dac diem ndi bat ciia FSP d cac boat ddng trai nghiem, ngoai cac mdn hgc chinh khda thi FSP lai duge hidu nhu la mfit CT gdm bdn nhdm boat ddng nhu da trinh bay.
Vi dii dudi day vd each trign khai FSP trong nha trudng, ta se thay ro didu nay. Trong vi du I, theo hudng dSn cua Bd GD Han Qudc thi phan bd thdi Iugng trong FSP
bao gom ea CT cac mdn hpe chinh khda (22 gid) va bon nhdm hoat ddng hai nghidm (12 gid), Nhung trong vi du 2, theo phan bd thdi lugng trong Hpc ki tu do cua trudng THCS Songrye thi ngudi dgc dd nhim lin rSng FSP khdng bao gdm cac mdn hgc chinh khda khi dd cap ddn CT lign quan dgn FSP sau gid hpc.
Vidu ve cdch triin khai FSP trong nhd trudng:
Vidu 1; (xemBang 1)
Nhu vay, ta thay vigc hidn khai FSP xudng timg trirdng rat linh boat, Bp GD chi ra budng din chung cdn thue hien chi tigt dugc trao quyen cho cac trudng dua trgn dieu kien thuc te va nhu ciu HS.
b. Cdc mo hinh trien khai CTHgc ki tu do vd khd khdn gap phdi
Thue te trign khai FSP d Han Quoc, ngoai nhiing hieu qua tich cue vSn edn gap phai rit nhieu thach thiic. Theo bao cao tai didn dan qudc td lan thii 2 ve GD nghg nghiep do Bd GD va KJRJVET Han Quoc to chiic, Lee da gidi tliieu eae md hinh tridn khai FSP va khd khan gap phai (Lee, 2013). Bang 2 dudi day so sanh cae md hinh hign khai FSP va khd khan gap phai eua timg md hinh (xem Bang 2).
Ngoai ra, cdn rat nhigu khd khan ma cac trudng da trien khai FSP gap phai trong viee hien thuc hda day dii cae muc tieu eiia FSP (Park, 2016):
- Su khdng phii hop giiia sd thich cua HS va ehuyen mdn eiia GV eiing nhu eo sd vat chat ciia nha trudng.
- HS ldp 7 cdn qua nhd de dinh hudng duge nghg nghiep hrong lai.
- Chi phi eho FSP ciing la mdt hd ngai ldn ddi vdi nhiing gia dinh khd khan. Mae dii neu cd nha tai trg thi phu huynh van phai ddng gdp them, day lai trd thanh ganh nang cho gia dinh.
- Canh tranh dg tim dupc cac co sd td chirc cac boat ddng bgn ngoai tnrdng hgc cho HS: ve chi phi va ehat Iupng.
- Cdn nhidu GV khdng dii tam huyet va ngai ddi mdi.
Hg ehi lam ddi phd eho qua mgt hpc ki rdi lai quay trd ve vdi cac PPDH cii nham muc tieu dg HS dap iing cac I: Theo hifdng dan cisa Bp GD Han Quoc (MoE, 2013)
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CT cac mdn hoc chiiih khoa (22 pb)
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Thai i 1 1 * 3 Tli*4 , Tk*5 CT bpc chmh khoa (22 gicr)
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NGHIEN Ciru GIAO DUC NIJOC NGOAI
Bang 2 : So sdnh cac mo hinh trien khai FSP va kho khan cua tilng mo hinh
Dac diem
sau m hoc chinh khoa
- Giam so gifl hoc cac mon ctiinti (tieng Han, tieng Anti, Toan).
- Td chile "Hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao"
tap trung vao kham pha nghe nghiep va tang so gici hoc cho hoat dong nay
- To chile chil yeu bill nha talcing va GV.
- Mcf rgng "Hoat fipng trai nghiem sang tao" ben ngoai tn/flng hgc - Nhieu thfli gian dSnh cho kham pha nghe nghiep hdn ma khong anh hUcing ffen gid hoc cac mdn chinh.
- Co the mfl rpng cac hoat flpng the thao/cau lac bo sau gifl hgc
" IVld rdng "Hoat ddng trai nghigm s^ng tao" oho ki nghi, HS fli/flc kham pha nghe nghiep sau hdn.
- Kham pha nghe nghiep - > Hi^u ban than va the gidi nghe nghiep - > Xay di/ng tam nhin nghe nghiep - > Kh6i dong lai ddng lUc hoc tap - > Hd trd viec ra quyet dmh nghe nghiep hdp ly.
- Can si; ho trd ciia phu huynh fle xao ffinh sd thich va tai nang cua con ho.
- Cd the mfl rdng c^c hoat dpng the thao/cau lac bd sau gifl hoc.
- Cd the to chile hdi trai nghe nghiep trong id nghi (co phu huynh va ngilfli cdvan ddnghfinh).
hoc chinh Ichoa ud vao lii nghi
- Nhieu thfli gian cho HS kiiam phS va trai nghiem nghe nghiep.
- Nhan manh vai trd cua cdng ddng va phu huynh.
- Nhan manh tam quan trpng cua cac dia diem hoc tap kh^m phci nghe nghiep trong cpng dong.
- It lap trung vao khdi GD tu nhan.
Khd khan
- De d i n den tinh trang - Ooi hoi sJ ffam me va hoc them sau gid hoc trinh ffp chuyen mdn cua va trong ki nghi do GV de xay dung tai lieu cho lo ngai kien thtic hoc hoat ddng kham pha nghe thuat bi giam sut nghiep sau gid hpc.
- Ganh nang hdn ddi vdi GV
- Can cd CT kham pha nghe nghiep phong phii, cd tai lieu hifdng d i n , dia diem hoc tap danh cho ki nghi.
- Can sU ho trd cd he thong: he thdng ket ndi vdi cong flong, cac to chOc xa hpi lien quan, kinh nghiem nghe nghiep.
- Ganh nang hdn ddi vdi GV va phu huynh.
- Can CO CT kham pha nghe nghiep phong phii va tai lieu hu'dng d i n . - Lo ngai ve kien thilc hpc thuat bi giam sut.
- Ganh nang cho nha tnlflng va phu huynh.
- Cung cap cac cd iipl kham pha nghe nghiep khae nhau diJa tren hoan canh gia dinh.
ki thi chuygn cap.
- FSP trign khai toan qudc qua nhanh, chl ba nam sau kill nd dupc gidi thieu lan dau tign trong khi Ireland mat klioang 20 nam de thuc bien mdt CT tucmg tu (Transition Year, Ireland). Ba nam khdng du thdi gian dd thuygt phuc cac bae eha me hoai nghi vg loi ich cua FSP. Nhigu ngudi trong sd hg tin rang, didu do gay rdi va mat tap trung vi nd keo con eai hg ra khdi sir chu y tdi cac mdn hgc chinh nliu Toan hgc, Tieng Anli, Tigng Han, la nhUng mdn rat quan trgng de vao dai hpc. Vi the, GV phai chiu ap Iuc rat ldn de thuc hien CT cung nhu chiing minh lgi ich cua FSP vdi phu huynh.
- HS cung khdng the kliam pha day du sd thich va dam mg CLia hp mdt each tu do vi nhimg kl vgng va ap lire do ehinh cha me mang tdi. Hg vSn theo quan didm cu la phai di theo con dudng hgc thuat thi mdi thanh cdng. Nhung phu huynh eiing cd li khi ma phan ldn cac nha tuyen dung tai cac cdng ty va td chire hang dau cua Han Qudc v&n uu tign tuygn dung ddi vdi bang cap tir cac trudng dai hgc hang dau trong nudc.
- Nhieu GV, phu huynh va HS van cho rang, nen cd bai kidm tra trong hgc ki FSP dg thuc hanh kT nang lam bai kidm tra/bai thi de chuan bi cho cae ki thi giua ki va cudi ki d cae hgc ki sau do.
- T^m quan ft-png ngay cang tang cua cac hoat ddng ngoai khda lam giam thdi gian danh cho viec hge. Do do, Iam tang thgm cang thang eho HS va thue day mdt
62 TAP CHi KHOA HOG GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Unh VIJC canh tranh khae. Do do, FSP dang trd thanh mdt chidn trudng khae, noi eae HS thay vi thong tha kham pha nhimg sd thich cua ban than thi lai phai vdi va xae dinli cae boat dgng cua cau Iac bg va cac ca hgi tinh nguyen phii hpp vdi muc tieu nghg nghiep dg xay dyng mdt hd so ca nhan hgp dan de nop vao dai hgc.
c. Hieu qud ciia CTHgc ki tu do
Mac dil edn gap r4t nhigu klid khan nhung khdng thi phu nban nhirng thanh cdng cua FSP doi vdi cugc cai each GD cua Han Quoc. Lim va cdng sir da phan tich chinh sach Hpc ki tu do thdng qua so sanh cae khao sat vg su hai Idng ciia HS giua cac tnrdng thi digm FSP va cac trudng khdng thi digm tir nam 2013 dgn nam 2016 Cling nhu mgt sd nghien cuu dai han trong nudc. Kdt qua nghien ciiu da cbi ra rSng, FSP da mang lai 5 ket qua tich cue, do la (Jong Heon Lim, 2017): Cai thidn chSt luong ldp hgc; Tang tuong tac giua eae thanh vien trong ldp;
Tang ti 1$ tham gia eua HS trong ldp; Nang cao kha nang giai quyet van de sang tao cua HS; HS cam thSy banh phuc hon. Nhu vay, ed thg thay ring, FSP da tac ddng tdi GD Han Qudc va cd nhung chuygn bign tich cue digu thanh cdng nhat la HS da cam thiy hanh phiic hem Idii di hpc.
2.3. Oe xuat cho ffoi mbi giao due pho thong 6 Viet Nam
Qua phan tieh md hmh trign khai FSP tai' Han Oudc ta thay rang, khdng the ap dung dap khuon vao GO Vidt Nam trong giai doan hien nay. Tuy nhign, digu do khdng
CO nghia la khdng thg hpe hdi nhimg dinh hudng tich cyc, nhiing dac tnmg eua FSP dg van dung vao trign khai CT GD phd thdng mdi d nudc ta khi ma CT \kn nay hudng vao phat trien nang lire HS dg trd thanh nhung con ngudi ed "Nang lire thich iing cao trudc mgi bidn dpng cua thign nhign va xa hdi" (CT GD phd thdng tdng thg, 2018). Dieu nay chi cd the thuc hien dupc khi HS dirge trai nghiem trong thirc tg, dupc giai quygt tinb hu6ng thue tiln gan lien vdi sd thich va tai nang ea nhan.
Dg ddi mdi GD cd hieu qua thi chiing ta can ed nhiing bien phap sau:
a. Cdn ed cdc chinh sdch cdi cdch nhdm gidm b&t dp luc thi cic doi vol HS
Ddi mdi trong kidm tra danh gia nham danh gia diing nang Iuc va sd tnrdng eua HS. Ddi mdi trong kiem tra danh gia, dac biet la ki thi THPT qude gia hay ki thi vao cac tnrdng cao dang, dai hpe, trudng nghe,.... Cu thg la, doi mdi cac tidu chi tuydn sinh de thuc day he thdng GD sang tao khdng chi dira vao digm thi ma dua vao hd so nang luc, hd so qua trinh hgc tap ciia HS, trong dd ed cac hoat dpng trai nghiem, hoat ddng ngoai khda, boat dgng sang tao, boat ddng tinh nguyen,...duge danh gia rapt each cdng bang. Bdn canh do, eae hoat dgng trai nghiem, hoat ddng eau lac bd ciing giup phan ludng HS dinh hirdng nghg nghiep khi nop hd so vao cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang. Tire la, nhiing HS mudn theo khdi nganh xa hpi thi se uu tign hd so khi cd tham gia cae eau lac bp xa hgi, tinh nguyen, van chuang, nhirng HS mudn theo khoi nganh tu nhign thi im tign hd sa khi ed tham gia cae cau lac bd nhu STEM hay cac boat ddng trai nghiem d cac nha may san xuat,.. .Khi hinh thiic va tieu chi ciia cac ki thi qudc gia cd tinh chat quygt dinh tuong lai thg he tre thuc sy thay ddi theo hudng danh gia nang lire thi mgi khau trong qua trinh day va hgc se thay ddi theo.
b. Da dgng cde phuong phdp gidng dgy vd hgc tap, tap trung vdo su tham gia va hogt dgng ciia HS
GV can nhan thirc dupc vai trd cua minh trong qua trinh day hgc. GV la ngudi hd trg, giam sat, cdn HS la tmng tam cua qua trinh day hgc. GV tao dieu kien tdi da cho HS dugc giao tigp va hop tac thdng qua cac hoat dpng trai nghiem sang tao, cae chii dg tu ebon dua trgn so thich va nang khigu cua ca nhan HS. Digu nay ciing dong nghia vdi viec tang eudng eae du an hgc tap, tieh hgp cac hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao vao chinh cae mon hpc, khdng ngn taeh rdi giiia mdn hgc va boat ddng trai nghigm sang tao hay cac chii dd tu chgn, Dg GV ddi mdi duoc phucmg phap day hpe thi chat lupng dao tao, boi duong GV cimg can dugc nang cao trong cac trudng sir pham hay trong cae khda bdi duong chuydn mdn.
c- Tang cudng cde ehu di tu chgn. cdc CT trdi nghiem dua tren sd thich vd himg thu cua HS
Trong CT GD phd thdng mdi cua Viet Nam da cd cac float dgng trai nghiem sang tao eung nhu cac chii dg/
chuyen dg tu chpn. Tuy nhien, dg cae boat ddng nay thue sir ed hieu qua thi ciin td chirc thanli cac nhdm lmh vuc dd HS cd CO hgi lira chgn phii hgp vdi sd thieh cua cac em. Cd the chia thanh cac nhdm nhu: boat ddng hudng nghiep, hoat ddng tu chpn, boat ddng nghe thuat va thg thao, hoat dgng xa hdi/tinh nguyen. Viec danh gia cac boat dgng nay ngn sir dung danh gia qua trinh, danh gia hd so, tu danh gia dd tao hd so qua trinh bge tap, hd sa nang lire cua HS nham sii dung trong eae muc dich tuygn chgn vao cac cap hpc eao hon.
d. Md rgng ca hgi khdm phd nghe nghiep mdt cdch cd he thdng de tim thdy tdi ndng vd u&e ma cua HS
Can xay dung CT hudng nghiep mdt each bai ban va thiet thuc, coi day la boat dgng song hanh va gan lien vdi GDPT. Ben eanh do, can xay dung he thdng tu vin hudng nghiep cho HS. Can ed cac CT hudng nghiep tir tigu hgc xuyen sudt THCS ddn THPT va mang tinb trai nghiem cao hon, bic la HS dupc tim higu sau hon vd cac nghe nghiep, dugc trai nghiem cdng viec cua cae nghg nghiep, dugc kham pha sd thich va tai nang eiia ban than de dinh hudng dupc nghe nghiep tuong Iai, tir dd xay dung dupc chidn lupe hgc tap ngay tir khi edn ngdi tren ghe nha trudng. Cd nhu vay mdi tao dupc niem vui va himg thu hpc tap eho HS va giup HS dinh hudng dupc eon dudng nghd nghigp tuang Iai. Khi HS da kham pha ra sd thich va tai nang cua minh thi HS se nhan thay rang: "Dai hge khdng phai la con dudng duy nhat dg lap than, lap nghiep". Tir do, HS se giam bdt ap Iuc hpe tap va tbi cir, khdng phai bang mgi gia de do vao trudng dai bge ma thay vao dd la nhidu budng di phii hpp vdi nang luc ban than, cd thg la trudng nghd, tnrdng nghe thuat,...
e. Khuyen khich su tham gia cita cdng ddng vdo GD Khuygn khich su tham gia eua edng ddng vao GD nham tan dung cac ngudn lire eua xa hdi vao GD. Su tham gia nay mdt mat hd trp GD, mat khae chinh GD lai dap iing dugc nhu eau thue tg eiia doanh nghiep, ciia xa hdi. Cac hoat ddng cd thg trign khai nhu lien ket vdi cac doanh nghiep, nha may tai dia phuong dg td cbirc cac boat dgng trai nghiem thuc tg cho HS, nhung khdng chi la hoat ddng quan sat va di tham nha may ma phai thidt thuc han bang each cho HS trai nghiem cdng viec thuc su tai nha may dg HS thay duge rang, mudn lam mgt nghg nao do thi can cd nhung kT nang, kien thirc nao,...
Hay cd thg mdi cac chuyen gia ve mdt linh vue nao do ddn Idp chuyen dg dg ndi ehuyen vdi HS ve chuyen nganh ma ngudi do dang cdng tac. Nhung dg edng ddng tham gia mdt each tich cue vao GD thi can cd hanh lang phap li, ed eae chinh sach quy dmh cu thg ve nghia vu hgp tac cua cae doanh nghiep xa hdi vao GD, tranh tinh trang cae trudng phai tu b - - . " " " "'- sir ho trp thi rat khd.
NGHieN CCTU GIAO DUC MOC NGOAf
4. Ket luan
"Hgc ki tu do" la mgt CT thuc sir cd tiem nang, giup HS hanh phuc hem, kham pha udc ma va tai nang. Tuy nhidn, chi mdt hgc ki d THCS khdng thd hien thuc hda dugc nhiing muc tieu nhidu mat nay. Trudng hgc don le khdng thg thay ddi each suy nghi da ldi thai vd hgc tap va thanh cdng trong su nghiep. Viet Nam dang tren con dudng ddi mdi GD cung chn hpc hdi nhiing chinh sach thanh edng eiia the gidi va "Viet hda" cho phii hgp vdi
digu kien xa hdi Viet Nam. Bai hge tii GD Han Qude ehiing ta nhan dupc dd la: "Hanh phue quan trpng ban thanh cdng". Hi vgng rSng, timg budc ehung ta cd nhiing ehinh sach thay ddi va nhan dugc sir gdp sice ciia toan xa hgi thi diin dan chiing ta se tidn tdi mdt mdi trudng GD diing nghia la "Trudng hgc hanh phiic - kham pha tai nang" dg giiip tre em khde manh ban, sang tao bon, hanh phiic horn.
T^i lifu tham khao
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[3] Kim., (2018), To chuc vd van hdnh chuang trinh gidng dgy cua hi thong trudng hoc triin khai Hoc kl lu do (dich tieliingHdn) Seoul: Korean joumal of teacher education.
[4] Lee, J.-Y., (2013), Guides lo successful implementation of Free Learning semester' with focus on career development
[5] Lee, J-Y., (2013), New Educational Policy of Free Learning Semester: Toward Revitalization for Career Exploration Oriented Approach KRJVET.
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image''fileKey=120150522l6225740724
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THE FREE SEMESTER PROGRAM IN SOUTH KOREA AND SUGGESTED MEASURES FOR INNOVATION OF GENERAL EDUCATION IN VIET NAM
Phan Thi Bich Loi
The Vietnam National institute of Educafional Sciences 52 Ueu Giai, Ba Dinti, Hanoi, Vietnam Emaii phanioi99@gmaii com
ABSTFiACT: This article is aimed at exploring an effective poiicy in South Korea's educational reform, which is the "Free Semester Program (FSP)".
This article includes quotations from official documents of the Pi/linistry of Education of Korea and Korean Educational Development Institute (KEDI). The author has analyzed the concept, characteristics, objectives, visions, models, methods of Implementation, as well as effectiveness and difficulties encountered when adopting FSP In Korea. Based on such analysis, the author has made recommendations for general educational reform in Vietnam today acknowledging similarities between the goals of FSP and general education in Vietnam in order to develop competencies for students, and discover talents and the Interests of students In pursuit of happy education for younger generation.
KEYWORDS: Free semester; free semester program; educational reterm in South Korea- generai education innovation in Vietnam; competence
TAP CHi KHOA HOC GiAO DUC ViET NAM
