MAU DAU VA KHI

OANH G I A NGUON G O C DAU KHI LO 05-2 VA 05-3 BANG KET QUA

PHAN TICH SAC KY KHI, SAC KY KHOI PHO V A DONG V! CARBON

MAU DAU VA KHI

KS. Nguyen Thj Bich Ha, ThS. Ha Thu HiTorng, KS. Dao Trung Dung Vien Ddu khf Viet Nam

Tom t i t

Trong cong tdc tim kiem, thdm dd vd khai thdc ddu khi, nghien cvtu vehe thong dau khi Id nghien cCtu caban Idm nen tang cho cdc ddnh gid ve tiem ndng ddu khi cua mot be trdm tich. Be trdm tich Nam Con San thugc them luc dia Viet Nam dd phdt Men cdc mo ddu khinhit: Dai Hung, Thanh Long, Bo Cdu, Nguyet Thgch, IVIgc Tinh, Hdi Thgch, Lan Tdy, Lan Do... Tuy nhien, nguon goc vdt chdt hCfu ca vd si/phdn bo cua ddu tho be Nam Con San dang Id trdn trd cua cdc nhd dja chdt ddu khi. IVIgt so van de van chUa ditac trd Idi nhtt nguon goc cua ddu mo, mite do bien doi cHa vdt chdt hCfu cd, dieu kien lang dgng, toe do trdm tich, ty le phdt Men khi nhieu han ddu... Bdi bdo ddnh gid phan loai nguon goc ddu vd khi d L6 05-2 vd 05-3. Ket qud phdn tich sdc ky khi (GC), sac ky khoi pho (GCMS) vd dong vi carbon 13 cho thay ddu tho d gieng khoan Nguyet Thgch duac sinh ra tvfdd me co do tnfdng thdnh thap chUa vat chdt hCtu ca ddm ho.

Tit khoa: Nguon goc, vdt chdt hOu ca, dau tho, dam ho, dong vi carbon, thi/c vdt bac cao, cCra so tgo dau, tfch tu hydrocarbon, pha tgo khf.

1. Tinh chat ly hoa cua dau thd/condensate

Danh gia, phan loai cac nhdm dau dga tren ket qua phan tfch chat vat ly, thanh phan hda hpc va cac chi tieu phan tich chi tiet nha sac ky khi, sac ky khoi pho cua cac mau dau thd va condensate nham chi ra mdi tradng lang dpng va phan huy vat chat hau ca,mac dp bien ddi cua da me da sinh ra dau va condensate. Dac biet ket qua phan tfch isotope cua cac mau khf va mau dau thd da lam sang td nguon goc dau/khf, mdi lien quan khf - dau va dau dau. Ld 05-2, 05-3 va vung lan can da cd phat hien dau d cac gieng khoan: 05-2-HT-2X, 05-3-MT-1X, 05-2-NT-1X, 05-2-B-1X, 05-2-KCT-1X, 06-LD-1X, 06-LT-1X 0BS1... trong cac tang chaa Miocene tren, Miocene giaa va Miocene dadi.

Ket qua phan tfch tfnh chat vat ly va thanh phan hda hpc cua cac mau dau/condensate cua Ld 05-2 va 05-3 dapc thdng ke d Bang 1.

Trong sd 21 mau san pham thu thap tCr Ld 05 cd 13 mau la condensate cd dp API > 45 (Bang 1) va 8 mau dau trong dd 2 mau DST#3 (2.874 - 3.004m) d Ld 05-1 a va mau RFT5 (2.864,5m) d gieng khoan 05-2-NT-1X la dau nang (°API < 25), 6 mau la dau binh thadng cd dp API thay ddi trong khoang 25 - 45. Hau het cac mau dau d be Nam Cdn San deu cd ham lapng lau huynh, vanadium va niken thap, dd la dac trang cua dau cd ngudn goc vat chat hQu CP chu yeu tCr thgc vat bac cao.

Tat ca 21 mau dau/condensate deu cd ham lapng lifu huynh, vanadium va niken thap. Mdi quan he ham lapng sulphur va dp API cho thay cac mau dau thudc loai dau B, C, D, E. Theo mdi quan he giaa ty sd Pr/Phy va dp API thi cac mau nay thudc dau loai D, E. Thanh phan hda hoc cua dau thd la yeu td quan trpng de phan loai dau thupc nhdm D hay E. Theo phan loai cua BP Reseach Centre (Bang 2) neu dau thd cd nhdm hydrocarbon no > 70% thi cac dau dd thudc nhdm D va ngapc lai. Bang 1 cho thay tat ca dau thd/condensate cua Ld 05 thudc dau nhdm D dau dapc sinh ra t a da me chaa chu yeu la vat chat hiJfu CP dapc tach ra t a thgc vat bac cao.

2. Sic ky khi va sic ky khoi pho

Ket qua phan tich sac ky khf va sac ky khoi pho nhU la dau van de nhan biet dang vat chat hffu cP cd trong mau dau va mau da. Pristane va Phytane dapc tach ra tCr nhanh cua Chlorophyll, sg cd mat cua hpp phan nay phin anh mgc dp tang len cua hoat ddng vi khuan trong mdi tradng oxy hda ban dau. Tuy nhien ty sd Pr/Phy bj Snh hadng do sg bien ddi cua da chaa vat chat hau cd, trong qua trinh tradng thanh Phytane dapc sinh ra nhanh hdn Pristane. Vi vay, ty sd nay giSm theo mgc dp tradng thanh. J)f so Pr/

Phy cua day Isoprenoid dung de danh gia ve nguon goc, mdi tradng cua vat chat hau ca. Khi nhan biet cac dau vet sinh vat cd dapc tren cac dai phan bd cua Triterpane va Steranes til phep phan tfch sac ky khoi pho cd t h ^ chi ra

1 2 DAU KHi-SO 9/2014

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13

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Hinh 1. Bieu do quan hi do API vd ham lagng sulphur vd ty sd Pr/Phy L6 05-2 - 05-3 vd vung Idn can Bdng 2. Phdn loai ddu theo BP Research Centre

A n h h u d n g d e n t i n h chat cCia d a u V a t chat huTu car j^ M o i t r U d n g lang d o n g Ham l a p n g wax t h a p ; Ham l u p n g sulfur cao V i t chat hihi cO

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B Phytoplankton Bacteria

C Phytoplankton Bacteria Nudc n g o t Higher land plant

D (Anglosperm d o m i n a t e d ) Luc dja Debris, Bacteria

Higher land plant

E (Gymnosperm d o m i n a t e d ) Luc dia I Debris, Bacteria

Bien (carbonate va bien nong)

Tram tich bien sau Ham l u p n g wax t h a p Ham l u p n g sulfur kha cao Ham l u p n g wax cao Ham l u p n g sulfur t h a p Ham l u p n g wax cao Ham l u p n g sulfur t h a p

Co t h e ket h o p v6i cac t h o n g so khac neu chua ro rang Ham l u p n g wax cao Ham l u p n g sulfur t h a p

ngudn vat lieu luc dja la tao dam ho hay tao bien hay la thac vat bac cao... ta phep phan tfch cdn chi ra da me sinh dau vao giai doan nao, tuoi cua da me Oe tam hay cd han... Nhang danh gia nay rat cd y nghla ve nghien cu'u mdi tradng tram tfch, xay dang thdng sd kiem tra cho xay dang md hinh tradng thanh cua da me, xac djnh mdi lien quan dau - dau va dau - da me, la cdng cu hau hieu trong tim kiem, tham dd va khai thac dau khf.

Ket qua phan tfch sac ky khf cua 21 mau cho thay deu lien quan den da me chaa chu yeu la vat chat hau ca luc dja, lang dpng va phan huy dadi dieu kien oxy hda va khCfyeu (Hinh 2). Sa khac biet giaa nhdm vat chat hau ca ngudn goc tao dam ho (lacustrine algal) va nhdm vat chat hau ca ngudn goc vung cCra sdng - tam giac chau (fluvio-

deltaic terrestrial) dapc the hien tren bleu do Hinh 3. Theo dd, phan Idn cac mau dau thd va condensate phat hien d Ld 05 va vung lan can tap trung d vung cCfa sdng - tam giac chau va hon hpp gifla dam ho - tam giac chau, chi co mot sd mau phan bd d vung vat chat hau ca dam ho.

6 cau tao Mdc Tinh phat hien dau thd d gieng khoan MT-1X va MT-1RX. Ket qua phan tfch sac ky khf hydrocarbon no cua 3 mau dau thd (mau DST#1C va DST#2 d gieng khoan 05-3-MT-1X va mau RFT d dp sau 2.849,5mBRT cua gieng khoan 05-3-MT-1 RX) cho thay deu cd d^i phan bd sac ky khf C^^^ cua hydrocarbon bao hda phan bd theo dang vdm - dang cua vat chat hCiu ca da tradng thanh (Hinh 4a), ca 3 mau deu cd ty sd Pr/Phy cao (6,14; 5,92 va 4,48). Oieu nay cho thay da me sinh ra dau

1 4 l/faiRri-SO 9/2014

PETROVIETNAM

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da tradng thanh chaa chu yeu vat chat hau ca dapc tach ra tathac vat bac cao (kerogene loai III).

Sa phan bd cua cac cau tCr tren cac dai phan bd Triterpane (m/z 191) cho thay cau tCf Moretane va Oleanane la hai cau tCf dac trang cho ngudn vat lieu hau ca dapc tach ra t a thac vat bac cao. Cac cau tCf Oleanane (peak B), Bicardinane (peak w) cd mat trong tat ca cac mau la nhang dau hieu tin cay chi ra ngudn vat chat hau cP luc dja dapc tach ra tathac vat bac cao, Bicardinane lien quan den loai cay cd nhaa (Resinite) phat hien thay d dau Ddng Nam A va pho bien nhieu d vat chat hau ca dapc tach ra t a thac vat bac cao. Oleanane lien quan den loai cay hat kfn (Anglosperm) chi phat hien trong mau dau va mau da cd tuoi Creta sdm hoac tre hpn (Hinh 4b va 4c).

Tren dai phan bd Sterane (m/z 217), tfnh trdi cua C^^ so vdi Cj^ va C^g the hien d sa cd mat phong phu cua vat chat hau CP luc dja. Cau tCf T^ va T^ (Hinh 4b va 4c) la thdng sd danh gia mac dp tradng thanh, khi mac dp tradng thanh tang thi cau taT^ chuyen sang T^. Thdng sd tradng thanh cua 2 mau dau deu cd T^ > T^ cho thay dau nay dapc di thoat t a da me cd mac tradng thanh kha cao.

d cau tao Kim CapngTay phat hien 2 mau dau thd RFT 3.057m va 3.069m trong tang da chaa Miocene glQa. Ca hai mau deu cd ty sd Pr/Phy cao (6,4 va 5,34).

Dai phan bd Steranes (m/z 217) va Triterpane (m/z 191) cua 2 mau trinh bay d Hinh 5a (RFT 3.057m) va Hinh 5b (RFT 3.069m). Tren dai phan bd Sterane va Triterpane deu cd dac trang la giau Bicadinanes, ham lapng Oleanane la kha cao. Thdng sd tradng thanh (T^/TJ cua mau RFT 3.057m va 3.069m cho thay ca 2 mau dau deu dapc tach ra t a da me dang trong pha cufa so tao dau. Sa phan bd cua dai hopane tren Hinh 5b khac vdi Hinh 5a la dai hopane md rpng t a C j , - C^^ giam deu theo chieu tang sd nguyen tCr carbon dieu dd cho thay dau dapc tach ra t a da me dapc lang dpng va phan huy trong mdi tradng cd tfnh khCrcaohan.

Cau tao Hai Thach cd 4 mau condensate va 1 mau dau. Ket qua phan tfch sac ky hydrocarbon no (4 mau condensate va 1 mau dau) cho thay dac trang phong phu cua dai n-alkane, ty sd Pr/Phy kha cao (5,43 6,93) cho thay da me sinh ra dau va condensate chufa chu yeu vat chat hau ca tach ra tathac vat bac cao (Bang 1).

Dai phan bd Steranes (m/z 217) va Triterpane (m/z 191) cua 4 mau condensate va mau dau la tadng t a nhau va dapc dac trang bdi sa cd mat chu yeu cua Bicardinanes va Oleanane. Oieu nay cd the nhan thay tCf ty sd Oleanane/

Cjg hopane cua tat ca 5 mau condensate va dau la rat cao oAuKHfsd 9/2014

15

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ialCiiidealby doninant presence of lieUcaikianeand iimlaafMytiiJi oleanane oonfenb

1 1 0 6 1 0 0 1 1 1 6 1 0 0

Hinh 4b. Ket qud phdn tich sac ky khfvd sdc ky khoi pho mau ddu thd (DST#2, 3.075,5m) tdtdng chda Miocene tren gieng khoan 05-3-MT-1X

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Hinh 4c. Ket qud phdn tich sdc ky khf vd sdc ky khoi pho mau ddu thd (DST# 1C, 3.136,5m) Td tang chda Miocene tren gieng khoan 05-3-MT- IX

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Hinh Sa. Ket qud phdn tich sdc ky khoi pho mau ddu thd (RFT, 3.057m) td tang chda Miocene gida gieng khoan 05-2-KCT- IX

(114,68 -130,79). Danh gia mac dp tradng thanh cua 5 mau condensate va dau dua vao ty sd T^/Tj +T^. Ty sd nay taPng doi cao (0,4 0,47) cho thay cac mau dau/

condensate dapc sinh ra t a da me dat do tradng thanh cao.

Diem khac biet giaa condensate/

dau cua cau tao Hai Thach vdi dau/

condensate t a Mdc Tinh, Kim Capng Tay va Nguyet Thach la tren dSi Triterpane (m/z 191) cd Cjg > Cjg hopane va sa cd mat cua Cjj va C^^ Norhopane la dau hieu sinh hpc cua vat chat hau cP bien cd trong cac mau dau va condensate.

Ket qua phan tfch sac ky khf tong dau mau RFT5 2.864,5m d gieng khoan 05-2-NT-1 RX cho thay phan hydrocarbon nhe da bj mat. Sac ky hydrocarbon no cho ket quS la ty sd Pr/Phy thap, dieu nay khac biet vdi cac mau dau da danh gia d tren.

Dai Sterane dac trang bdi sa co mat cua cau tCf C^^ 4 Methyl Steranes va Diasterane chi ra dau vet cua vat chat hOfu ca dam hd va mdi tradng giau set. Tren dai Triterpane taang ddi giau Bicadinane nhang vang mat Oleanane. Nha vay, c6 the dau dapc sinh ra tCf da me dam ho chaa hdn hpp vat chat hau cP algal thiic vat bac cao.

3. Ket qua phan tich dong vj carbon cac mau khf va dau tho

Tren bieu do quan he giaa ddng vi carbon 13 cua khf methane va ethane (Hinh 8a), mau khf cua gieng khoan MT- 1 RX lien quan den khf ddng hanh trong pha cCfa so tao dau.

Khf t a gieng khoan HT-1X la khf sinh ra trong pha tao khf khd. Ket qua phan tfch ddng vj carbon cua mau khf DST va RFT tCr gieng khoan 06-LT-OBS1, 06-Lr- 1XR, 06-LT-2X (1.662 1.672m), 06-LT-1XR va 06-LT-2X (1.682m) cho thay cac mau khf cua gieng khoan 06-LT-1XR va 06-LT-1XR la hon hpp khi dau md vdi khf sinh hda. Sii cd mat khf sinh hda trong cac mau khf cho thay cau tao chufa khf la cau tao hd.

16 DAU KHi-so 9/2014

PETROVIETNAM

Khf ta gieng khoan 06-LT-OBS1, KCT-1X ST1, LT- 1X la khf lien quan den pha cCfa sd tao dau. Khf ta gieng khoan HT-1X dapc sinh ra ta pha tao khf khd.

Phan tfch ddng vj carbon ta cac mau khf da chi ra:

Ngudn goc khf, khf dapc sinh ra ta cac pha chuyen hda vat chat hau ca cua da me hay khf sinh hda.

Kha nang tfch tu hydrocarbon cua bay chaa.

Trong tim kiem tham dd, danh gia tiem nang sinh dau khf la mot trong 3 yeu td CP ban de nghien cufu ve he thdng dau khf. Trong khai thac dau khf, xac djnh kha nang lien thdng via, trong md khai thac la yeu td rat quan trpng xay dang md hinh md. Ket qua phan tfch ddng vj carbon 13 trong cac mau dau la cd sd quan trpng de chi ra ngudn goc dau.

Hinh 8b la bieu do ket hpp giaa tyf sd Pr/Phy cua phep phan tfch sac ky khf phan doan hydrocarbon no vdi ket qua phan tfch ddng vj carbon 13 cua dau thd.

Bieu do da chi ra ngudn goc vat chat hau cd cua da me da sinh ra dau d gieng khoan NT-1 RX la da me chaa vat chat hufu cd dam hd.

Oa me sinh ra dau d gieng khoan HT-2X, MT-1X, KCT-1X la da me chufa chu yeu vat chat hOu cd tCr thac vat bac cao. Dieu nay, phu hpp vdi ket qui phan tfch GCMS da danh glad tren.

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Hinh 6b. Ket qud phdn tfch GCMS mau condensate (MDT, 3.195,8m) td tang chda Miocene gida gieng khoan 05-2-HT-lX

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Hinh 6c. Ket qud phdn tich sdc ky khoi pho mau condensate (MDTi2,3.497,2m) td tang chda Miocene dadi gieng khoan 05-2-HT- IX

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4. Ket luan

Ket qua phan tfch sac ky khf, sac ky khdi pho cua cac mau dau thd/condensate va dong vj carbon 13 cua cac mau dau khf la ca sd quan trpng de danh gia ngudn gdc vat chat hau co cua dau va khf. Daa tren ket qua phan tfch tfnh chat cua dau/

condensate, thanh phan nhom, sac ky khf va cac dau hieu sinh vat cho thay dau va condensate thu dapc t a cau tao Mdc Tinh va Hai Thach cd dac diem:

Dau/condensate d Moc Tinh va Hai Thach sinh tCr da me cd dp tradng thanh cao chaa vat chat hau ca chu yeu tach ra ti^

thac vat bac cao lang dpng va phan huy trong dieu kien oxy hoa va khCfyeu.

Dau tii cau tao Hai Thach cd ngudn gdc t a da me fluvio- detaic, chaa vat chat hau ca bien (deu thay rd d ca 5 mau).

Dau thu dapc tCr cau tao Nguyet Thach sinh ra ta da me co dp tradng thanh thap hPn, chijfa hdn hpp vat chat hOu cP dam ho va thac vat bac cao lang dpng va phan huy trong mdi tradng khCr oxy hda. Dau RFT 2.864m tiT Nguyet Thach bi pha huy.

Dau thd/condensate thu tii Ld 05-2 va 05-3 dapc sinh ra tCf da meed tuoi De Tam.

Tai lieu tham khito

1. Le Van Hien va nnk.

Nghien cCfu dac diem cdu true va tiem nang dau khf doi tuang synrift be Nam Con San. Bao cao ket quS nghien cau De tai cap Nganh.

2011.

2. Nguyen Thj Bich Ha.

Geochemical modeling Blocks 05-2

18 DAU KHi - SO 9/2014

PETROVIETNAM

and 05-3 hydrocarbon charge modeling for Kim Cuong Bac prospect in Nam Con Son basin. 20M.

3. K E P e t e r s , C.C.Walters, J.M.Moldowan.

The Biomarker Guide:

Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments. Prentice HaN.1993:363p.

4. K E P e t e r s , C.C.Walters, J.M.Moldowan.

The Biomarker Guide:

Biomarkers and isotopes in petroleum systems and earth history. Cambridge University. Press. 2008; 2:

700p.

5. Tran Cdng Tao va nnk.

Ddnh gia dia hda cua tram tfch De Tam trong be Nam Con San.

Vien Dau khf Viet Nam. 1997.

6. Vd Thj Hai Quan.

Depositional characterisation of upper Miocene, wells HT-2X and HT-3X, Hai Thach Field, Nam Con Son basin, offshore Southern Vietnam. 2006.

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Characterisation of crude oils and gas in blocks 05-2 and 05-3 - Nam Con Son basin using biomarkers, gas chromatography

and carbon isotope analysis

Nguyen Thi Bich Ha, Ha Thu Huong, Dao Trung Dung Vietnam Petroleum Institute

Summary

Research on petroleum systems is the basis for evaluating the potential of a sedimentary basin during explora- tion and exploitation processes. In this, results from analysed samples are very useful. In the Nam Con Son basin off- shore Vietnam, several oil and gas fields have been found such as Dai Hung, Thanh Long, Bo Cau, Nguyet Thach, Moc Tinh, Hai Thach, Lan Tay, Lan Do, etc. However, the origin of organic matter and the distribution of crude oils in Nam Con Son basin still pose difficult problems for petroleum geologists. Certain questions remain to be answered, such as the origin and transformation level of organic matter, depositional conditions, rate of sedimentation or even why geologists have not discovered oil accumulations leading to gas being found more than oiL In this paper, the authors use advanced analysis technology and combine effective analysis parameters to evaluate and classify the origin of oil and gas in Blocks 05-2 and 05-3. According to the results ofGC, GCMS and carbon-13 isotope analysis, crude oil at the Nguyet Thach well is believed to be generated from a low maturity source rock containing lacustrine organic matter.

Key words: Crude oil, organic matter, terrestrial, lacustrine, carbon isotope, source rock, oil w/indow.

DAU KHi-so 9/2014 19