NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
MINH TRIET HO CHI MINH
VE GIAO DUC VAO Sl/ QUAN TRIET CONG CUOC DOI MOI HIEN W
• PGS-TS. DANG QUOC BAO (*)
• PGS-TS. NGUYEN K H A C HUNC
TOM TAT "
Minh triet la tinh sdng khdn thien ve dien ngdn thodng gpn. chu yeu duac sdng vd song d binh dien dgo thudng. tuy vgy khdng xa lg v&i dgo ly thdnh hien. thien ve cdm hda long ngudi hon la qud trdch thdi ddi.
Tit-khoa: Minh triet, gido due, ddn tpc, Hd Chi Minh, Mdc- Lenin SUMMARY
Wisdom is the wise brightness in favor of brief open language expression, mainly at the level of standards of normal life; however, it is not strange to the sage s moral code, prone to converting humam rather than blaming bad living ways.
Key words: Wisdom, education, ethnic. Ho Chi Minh. Marx-Lenin
\, NhuTig goc nhin ve van de giao due a. Gido due Id nhan to hien hiiu vd hinh Nguoi ta khdng the nhin thay nhdn td gido due, nhung cdm nhan dugc no d mpi te bdo cua ddi sdng vat chat tinh thdn cda xa hpi. Giao due Id cdi hien hflu vd hinh, khdng bi chia cat theo khdng gian khong bj pha lodng bdi thdi gian.
Kitebro, nhd van hda Phdp, ndi ve tac dung cua gido due den vdi ddi sdng ca nhdn cda con ngucri:
"Sau khi sinh ra, con ngudi cdn lgi Id gido due ".
UNESCO, Td chtfc gido due khoa hpc van hda cua Lien Hiep Quoc thi xac dinh:
"Ngdy nay bdt cir tien bd ndo trong ddi song cua cong ddng vd qudc gia deu gdn lien vdi gido due. vd qudc gia cdng ddng ndo coi thudng gido due hogc khdng biet cdch ldm gido due thi coi nhusophgn qudc gia, cdng ddng do da an bdi vd dieu do con tdi te han Id suphd sdn ".
b. Phdt bieu ve giao due cda mpt sd nha van hoa chinh tii ndi tieng
Giao due tac ddng ddng thdi din dpng thai cua kinh tl - xd hdi - van hoa - chinh tii vd no cung ggn kk bdn nhdn td tiong tien trinh phat tnin. Cac nha tu' tuong,
hoat dpng chinh tri ndi tieng da c6 nhimg phdt 1;
sau sac ve gido dye, ttd thanh diem tua cho viec ho djnh chinh sach phat tiien qudc gia."
Hd Chi Minh: "Mpt ddn tdc ddt Id mot ddn tgcye Rousseau (Phap); "Gido due Id khai sdng".
Samuelson (My): "Gido due vira Id muc tieu. 1 la sue mgnh ciia kinh te "
Durkheim (Phap): "Gido due vira Id phdn hoa, i Id xd hdi hda".
Clinton (My): "Gido due la an ninh qudc gia".
Raja- Roy Singh (An Dp): "Thai gian: Su thayi gido due: Gido due "
c. Dan tpc Viet vdi vdn de gido due Viet Nam la ddt nudc van hidn lau ddi. Dan tgcll Nam coi giao due la nhdn td sinh thdnh van hoa i phan ddc luc vao qud trinh dung nudc vd giu nuoc The ky XV Mmh quan Le Thanh Tong [W 1497) qua danh than Than Nhan Trung (1418-14!
neu tuyen ngdn:
"Hien tdi Id nguyen khi qudc gia Nguyen khi mgnh thi the nudc cudng.
Nguyen khi suy thi the nudc hen ".
Thi kyXVni, Anh hdng Quang Tnjng(l753-1792)g cho nhd van hoa Ngd Thi Nham ban chieu khuyen h ^
(*) NguySn HTTru-tyng CBQLGD; {**) Pho HTTru-frng BH KTCN LA TAP CHi KINH TE - CONG NOI
m
(Anh - Tdn cir nhdn khoa ddu tien chup dnh Imt niem vdi ldnh dgo Bo GD&DT. ldnh dao tinh vd Ban Gidm hieu nhd irircmg)
' "Xdy dung ddt mrdc lay viee hpc ldm ddu. Tim le
"binh lay tuyen nhdn tdi ldm gdc "
Chieu ndy dupe ed thdnh 8 chu "DT hpc vi tien - DT i'vi ban", truyen bd den tan ldng xa.
Thdi dai mdi dat nudc xdc dinh: "Gido due Id qudc vh hdng ddu " vdi ba su menh: "Ndng cao ddn tri -
o tgo nhdn hpc - Bdi dudng nhdn tdi"
iVdn de "Dan tri" tir dau the ky XX dd dupe nhd h mang Phan Chu Trinh (1872-1926) coi la chia .,>a de chan hung ddn khi vd cdi thien din sdng.
Cu Phan neu khdu hieu: "Khai ddn tri - Chdn ddn - Hgu ddn sinh "
2. Luan ve "Minh triet", "Nen kinh te minh lit" va "Giao due minh triet"
-a. Minh trilt la dao ly ddi thudng
jThuat ngu Minh triet (Tieng Anh Wisdom, Tieng
•ip Sagesse) dupe dung d mien Nam tu nhung nam
• ciia thi ky trudc.
No dupe dung nhieu tten cd nuoc tu dau nhflng .n 1990.
.Irong tac phdm "Ludn ban minh triet vd Minh tiiet t" (cdng trinh khoa hpc - gidi thudng nam 2011 do , xudt bdn Tri thiic H.2011 an hanh), GS Hoang Ngpc
;n dan ra y ki6n cua Ngd Thi Sy (1740-1786):
"Dem dgo thdnh hien de qud trdch thdi ddi, khdng bdng dem dgo ddi thudng de cdm hda long ngirdi".
(Sddti.17)
Tua vao y kien nay cua Ngd Thi Sy, Hodng Ngpc Hien coi "Minh triet Id dgo ly ddi thudng". Ong viet:
"Minh triet Id tinh sdng khdn thien ve dien ngdn thodng gpn, chu yeu duac sdng vd sdng d binh dien dgo ly ddi thudng, tuy vdy khdng xa lg vdi dgo ly thdnh hien, thien ve earn hoa long ngudi hon Id qud trdch thdi ddi " (Sdd tr. 18).
Theo Hodng Ngpc Hien: "Dgo ly ndy cdng nhu Phdt tinh. nd sdn cd dmpi ngudi...Tinh sdng Id dgo, khdn Id ddi...Minh triet Id su ket hpp Dao vdDdi".
Ong phan biet: Minh triet khac tridt ly. "Triet ly ddi hdi nang luc tu duy dac biet, khdng phdi cu mudn thi ttd thdnh triet gia. Minh triet gan vdi ddi thuong, ddi thudng CO nghTa la kinh nghiem sdng ttong cupc song thucmg nhat. Tri tue, tri klion, tri thuc.. .cua minh tndt bao gid cung gan vdi kinh nghiem sdng ddi thudng, nd vdn nay sinh tu kinh nghiem ndy".
Ong dan ra quan niem cua Jery Ortiz Pino d l cung cd luan cu cda minh:
"Minh triet khdng phdi la cdi gi do bdm sinh.
Thdng minh la bdm sinh, linh lpi Id bdm sinh. Ndng
AP CHI KINH TE - C 6 N G NGHIEP
m
NGHIEN CirU - TRAO DOl
dpng cdng vdy. Nhimg minh triet thi khdng, nd clu den tir su song, tic su phgm sai ldm hodc gid la tir nghe nhdng ngudi khde da phgm sal ldm vd hpc hdi d ho "
(Sdd tt29/30).
b. Kinh te minh triet
Hoang Nggc Hien cho rang "Kinh te tri thuc" rat hap dan nhung c6 nguy co: Tn thuc vd ly thuyet mgt khi long hanh se gat phang cai gia tri tinh than dao due.
Ong dan ra loi than van cua TS.Eliot (Giai thucmg Noben 1888-1965) trudc su phat trien vii bao cua thdng tin.
"Minh triet mdt rdi, chi con lgi Iri thirc.
minh triet dy ddu rdi Tri thicc ciing mdt rdi chi cdn lai thdng lin,
tli thirc dy ddu rdi" (.'J Hoang Ngpc Hien khang djnh:
"Minh triet cao hem tri thuc. Tri thuc chi la tri thicc.
Minh triet vupt sieu tri thuc gdn vdi gid tri tdm linh vd nhdn vdn bdng cd tri tue vd tdm hon " (Sdd tt. 37).
' 'Minh triet do xu hudng cdn bdng vd hdi hoa gdn vdi luang tli, gdn vdi su biet dieu, minh tiiet la mdt vi thudc tdt ngdn iigica su lieu linh vd dien rd " (Sdd tt. 28).
c. Giao due minh triet
Hoang Ngpc Hien co nhan xet; Giao due tri thirc rat hap dan nhung ham chtfa nguy ca ttrong tir nhu m phat ttien kinh te tri thuc hien nay.
Xu the ngay cang co tinh chat dp dao cua giao due toan the gidi, la su truyen dat tti thuc va ky nang hau nhu tra thanh muc tieu duy nhdt cua giao due, lam lu md muc tieu giao due nhirng gia tri chi phdi ngudi hgc dp dung nhung tri thuc va ky nang do nhu thi nao va Idm gi ?
Hodng Ngpc Hien cho rang: Nln gido due Viet Nam ducmg dai khong nam ngoai sir ddng lo ngai nay.
Ong viet:
"Tren the gidi tieng ndi ciia nhimg hoc gid doi hdi cdi tgo mdt cdch het sue ca bdn cua nen gido due hien nay thdnh nen gido due "minh tridt"cdn het sue vihi dt- Khdng mdy ai quan tdm den nguyen ly gido due cua Ghandi de ra tic ddu the ky trudc: "Gido due ca sdphai lay minh triet vd long lie ihien Idm nen tang"".
(Sdd ti.29) \ Cung ludng quan diem tten sau nay ttong tdc p
"Ndn giao due cho the ky hai muoi mdt: Nhun^
vpng cac nudc cua Chau A, Thai Binh Ducmg";
Roy Singh, Nguyen giam ddc UNESCO vung ( A, Thai Binh Duong ndi ve su khung hoang giao tiong bdi canh hien nay, ong viet: "Trong khi sir "t nd" v l kien thuc dang md rdng kha nang tri tu?
con ngudi va cdng nghe duac sir dung de dem lai cdi va sue manh ve kinh te cho mpt bd phan cua gidi, thi ITnh virc gia tri con ngudi bi giam siit va tuc xoi mdn. Su khung hoang nay dang tian vao ITnh vuc xa hpi nhu mdt bong den...
Mdi mdt phut hon mpt trieu dd la dupe chi choi san xuat cac vu khi giet ngudi hang loat. Con nj hiem chet ngudi hon the nua la chinh nhihig dii dang suy nghT de vach ke hoach cho mdt su huyi cudi cung lai dang tao ra nhimg cai dau 6c mdi chi the hoat ddng tiong mdt mdi trudng phd hoai.
Day khong phai la van de loai ngudi thieu k thuc ma chinh la kien thuc dang rdi xa "Td doai dieu ma nha tu tudng Trung Hoa Manh Tu tten 211 nam trudc da neu ra, kien thuc dang di den cho kbi hodng" [5].
(Manh Tu noi ve "Tur doan":
"Cdm gidc ve long trdc dn Id khdi ddu cua Cdm gidc ve su dn ndn hdi hdn Id khdi^
ciia Nghia
Cdm gide ve su cung kinh khiem nhm Id khdi ddu eua Le
Cdm gidc ve su phdn biet dimg sai Id khdi ciia Tri.
Nhung ngudi cd 4 cdi khdi ddu dy cdng nkuU cd lu chi. cd bdn cdi khdi ddu md ho khdng duac Nhdn, Nghia, Le, Tri tire la hp tu huy diet")
Hoang Ngpc Hien coi giao due minh tiiet la due cho con ngudi bigt: "Sdng khdn ngoan" va "Si han hoi"
Ong viet; "Han hoi khdng phdi Id mot tieu chii cao khdng phdi that gidi mdi hdn hoi, khdng f ddng hodng ddng cdm. that dgo cao due trong f'
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NG
NGHIEN c u u - IKAU u u i
m hoi.
Hdn hoi Id mpt phdm chdt cd the ddt ra trong mpi ih vuc. d mpi binh dien: dn mdc hdn hoi, nhd cua
^n hoi. mpt ngudi Idnh dgo hdn hoi. mot ngirdi thdy j'o hoi, ldm dn hdn hoi...
|i Hdn hoi cd tinh hu&ng thien. hudng thuang"
^ (Sdd ti.34).
\i Thuat lai chuyen Bac Hd tham An Dp (1957) khi i ldi nhd bao xin binh luan v^ dng Ngd Dinh Diem
^ ung xu cua Bac vdi hpa sT Duong Bich Lien trong Hiung ngdy khdng chien d Viet BJc, Hoang Ngpc l^en CO nhan x e t :
"Hd Chu tich cd su khdn ngoan nhung ndi len la Bj/ian hoi eua mdt ehinh khdch ldn...vdsuhdn hoi ed jt:/jg viec nhd vdi ngudi hpa si duac cie den nai minh
\iitigtdc".*
11J153. Minh triet Ho Chi Minh ve gido due
^j,,a. Minh tiiet Hd Chi Minh
jjitj,Tuiig cd nhieu nghien cun ve dao due Hd Chi gjjnh, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. GS Vu Nggc Khdnh Id jj^idi ddu tien nghien ciru dao due, tu tudng Hd Chi Aijih theo khung tham chieu "Minh triet".
-frOng xdy dung mdt cdng trinh mang ten "Minh triet Chi Minh".
TNIXB. Van hda Thdng tin 1999)
Vii Ngpc Khanh quan niem minh triet nhu Triet ly ,ngdn. Trong cdng trinh cda minh, dng chi ra net sac vd ngdn cua tu duy Viet Nam qua mdt nhd tu ng hien dai tieu bieu Id Hd Chi Minh.
3ng chung minh; Bdc trong cupc ddi binh thucmg ren hdnh trinh each mang c6 cdch sdng, sir the hien, jng xu vdi mpi ngudi, mpi tang lap xa hpi dat den
• khdn ngoan thdng tue, khdn ngoan den binh di vd h thudng cua mdt tri gid binh di edn ddn ", Ong khang dinh d Hd Chi Minh, khong chi co dao
;, tu tudng md Id minh tiiet tren hai binh dien ly
;tf.
thuyet vd thuc hanh.
Ong vi^t: "Mmh triet Hd Chi Minh Id su ket hap hoe vd hdnh, su biet vd ldm thdng nhdt Khiem tdn vd mgnh dgn. than trong vd cuang quyet. dan gidn vd tinh ti. Hd Chi Minh da dem minh triet cua minh vdo trong cupc sdng vd dd thdnh edng trong nhirng thir thdch ldn lao tren ede gdc dp triet ly, chinh tri, sinh hogt v.v... ". (Minh ink Hd Chi Minh - Sdd tr.50)
Hoang Ngpc Hien trong sach "Luan ve Minh triet"
ciing coi Minh tnet Hd Chi Minh ve chinh tri la kho bau vd gia cua dan tgc. Ong da ddnh nhieu trang viet ve Minh Xvik Ho Chi Mmh.
Ong cd nhdn xet;
"Trong nen minh tiiet Viet cd ngudn minh triet luc gido, cd minh tiiel dgo thd ciing td tien, ed minh triet vdn hda cdc ddn tde anh em. Trong thdi dgi hien nay, Minh triet Hd Chi Minh vdi sire thdm sdu lan tod rdng trong nhdn ddn Id ngudn tnmg tdm trong da ngudn minh triit Viet". (Sdd tr.50)
b. Minh triet Hd Chi Minh ve giao due Minh triet Ho Chi Mmh ve gido due la di sdn vd gia cua dan tdc. Nd chi dao cho cong cupc phdt trien giao due dat nudc tren con dudng giai phong dan tpc va ngdy nay ttong thdi ky di vao hdi nhap eua mpt the gidi da cue, no tiep tuc Idm kim chi nam de gido due khdng lac hdu, lac dieu vdi thai dai.
Hd Chi Minh duac UNESCO ton vinh la Anh hiing gidi phong dan tdc vd Danh nhdn van hda the gidi.
Nhijng nguai dung ddu td chuc ndy cung khang dinh Hd Chi Minh la ngudi thay van hda eiia hoa binh, van hda khoan dung (Dien van ciia Hans D'orvin Phd Tdng Giam ddc duong nhiem UNESCO dpc trong le ky niem 120 nam ngdy smh Hd Chi Minh tai Paris, 19/5/2010).
Dl sdn giao due ma Hd Chi Minh de lai cho dat nudc, dan tgc khdng chi d eac Idi day ma cdn dugc
B)?** (0 ^^^ b^^ ^^^ Bdc Ho ve ong Ngo Dinh Diem. Nguai dd trd l&i "Toi cten day khong phai noi xdu dug Ngo Dinh Diem, dug
•gu&iyeu nu&c. nhtmg theo cdch ciia ong dy "
(ii) Trong khdng chien, HS Ducmg Bich Lien duac cdp tren dieu dong den ldm viec vm Ho Chu lich mot thai gian de ve chdn
^0g. Hoa sidd ve rdt nhiiu ky hoa vi Bdc Ho Mot vi lanh daoxem nhitng ky hoa ndy khong hdi long vd qityil dinh dua HS tra ve uuan chu qudn. Ducmg Bich Lien ra dt md Ho Chu tich khong hay, den Iiic biet viec ra di dot ngoi ciia hoa si. Ho Chii tich lien '"' nguai dudi theo vd dua HS tro ve. Bdc mm HS diing com than mdl roi sau do hai bdc chdu mai chia tay.
•,a^ .
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIE
NGHIEN CUtI - TRAO DOl
phan anh, dugc ket tu tiong cac cu chi su pham cao quy, su Ijch lam tinh t^ trong day hpc, tam Idng sau sac di thuc tinh tdm hdn ngudi hgc va tdm guong sang thuc hien Idi day cua tien nhan "Hpc nhi bat yem, Gido nhdn bat quyen" (Hpe khdng bao gid chdn, Day ngudi khdng bao gid biet mdi).
Trudc khi ttd thanh nha each mang chuyen nghiep, Bdc Id ngudi thdy giao thyc thu: Thay giao Nguyen Tdt Thanh day hpc tai tru'dng Due Thanh - Phan Thiet (1910). Sau nay tren hdnh trinh each mang, vd luan d hodn canh nao Ngudi cung kien tri vd nhat quan phuang chdm "Cach mang la Giao due va Giao due phuc vu Su nghiep each mang".
Dac ttung Minh triet giao due Hd Chi Minh Id su bao qudt toan dien nam cap dp: Kien tao nen giao due thdn ddn. To ehuc he thdng giao due qudc dan theo phucmg cham "Giao due cho mpi ngudi", Xay dung Nha trudng nhan van lao dpng, Tien hanh qua trinh day hpe dan chii, hop tac, Phat trien hoan toan nhiing nang lyc san c6 cua the he tte.
Chung tdi xin trinh bdy mpt sd thu hoach budc dau ve Minh ttiet gido due Hd Chi Minh.
(i) Dudng ldi giao due
Gan ket ba dieu cdt ldi ttong nhu cdu sinh tdn ciia nhan dan "Dde lap tu do & Com an ao mac & Hpe hanh".
Gido due cd quan he mat thiet vdi ehinh tri kinh te.
Nhiing nha qudn ly vuang dao dieu hanh cho cac linh vyc ndy thiie ddy ldn nhau.
Gido due vira la mue tieu vua Id siic manh ciia kinh te. Ca hai ITnh vuc nay hoat ddng phuc vu cho sy nghiep dgc lap ciia dat nuac, ty do cho nhan dan. Den lupt minh mpt nen chinh tri than dan lai la nen tang cho giao due - kinh te phat trien thuan lai.
Trong lich su nudc ta cd hai vT nhdn, hai vi anh hung dan tdc neu ra minh triet tten. Dd la Nguyen Trai va Hd Chi Minh.
Nguyen Trai eo ldi tho:
" Nen tha nen thdy vi cd hpc No dn no mac bdi hay ldm "
Hd Chi Minh timg ndi ly tudng ciia minh:
"Tdi chi cd mpt ham muon. ham mudn den tdt bdc
Id ldm sao cho nudc ta hodn todn duac dde ta hodn todn tu do. ddng bdo ta ai cung cd et mac, ai cdng duac hpc hdnh "
(Ndi ngdy 24/01/1946-TT Tap 4. Tr.l61) Tdng hap cdc phdt bieu tien, Hoang Nj dua ra nhan xet:
"Cd hai vi nhdn: Nguyen Trdi - Hd Chi Id su hien thdn cua tinh thdn ddu tranh cho dpc do, nhitng yeu td dup-c ddt len hdng ddu nhu cdu "d dn. cdi mgc " dieu kien tdi thieu cho suphdt trien van
"hpc hdnh " hogt ddng ca bdn cita suphdt trien « i | td con ngudi".
(Sdd tt47,48) (ii) Muc tieu giao due
Ddo tao the he tte thanh nhung con ngudi cho To qudc lam phat tnen hoan toan nang luc ciia hp.
Trong buc thu giri hpe sinh Viet Nam nhan ngi khai trudng nam hge dau tien dudi chinh the moi, H Chi Minh bay td quyet tdm cua che dp Id xay d\n dupe nen gido due ddo tao the he tte "...nen nhw{
ngudi cdng nhdn hiru ich eho nudc Viet Nam, motm gido due Idm phdt trien hodn todn nhimg ndng lucsi CO cua cdc em". (Toan tap, T4, tr.32)
Gdp bdi khung dien dat dn tuang ciia tien nha (Qudn Trpng, Khdng Tii, Manh Tu) dua vao do n dung tu tudng cua thdi dai each mang, Hd Chi Mil xac dinh con ngudi hiju ich la con ngudi biet soi theo Ngu thudng mdi cua dan tpc, bao gdm "Nhm Nghia - Tri - Dung - Liem ".
Ngudi coi dd la can cdt nhan each con ngudi Vi Nam thdi dai mdi, (TT, T5 tr.252)
"Ngu thudng" Ho Chi Minh de ra nam 1947 iJ dupe ngdnh giao due coi Id he gia tri cdt Idi tiong nu tieu giao due the he tie ddi vdi cudc Cai each giaoctii lan thir nhat trien khai nam 1950.
Dieu nay dupe phat tiien tiong cac cupc Cai ca gido due tiep theo vd cudc ddi mdi giao due hien na
(iii) Npi dung giao due
Thuc hien bp bon "Th6 due - Tri due - My due Diic due" qudn tiiet phuong chdm hudng tiiien thii
TAP CHi KINH TE - CONG NGHIE
m
.g budc tien cua ca dan tdc.
Hd Chi Minh rat quan tdm viec day cai gi eho th^
tie. giup hg thich ung vdi dpng thdi phat tii^n ciia n tpc, thdi dai.
Tir nam 1947, trong tac phdm "Ddi sdng mdi", sudi xac dinh: "Tir tieu hpc, tnmg hpc cho tdi dgi
>c Id noi ren luyen nhi ddng vd thanh nien. 6c nhimg ncdi tre tudi tiviig sach nhu mot tdm lua trang.
•udm.xaiih thi se xanh. nhudm do thi se dd vi vdy su
•c lap d trudng cd dnh hudng rdt ldn cho tuong lai a thanh nien md ticaug lai ciia ihanh nien Id luang ' cua nudc nhd.
Vl vdy cdt nhdt Id phdi dgy cho hp biet yeu nudc, cang ndi. phdi dgy eho ho biet tu lap tu cudng, quyet ong chiu thua kem ai, quyet khdng chiu ldm nd le di khuyen hpc trd tham gia tdng gia sdn xudt"
Bac cho viec thu ba rat quan ttgng. Ngudi gidi thich:
- "Mdt Id Idm cho hp biet kinh trpng sic cdn lao Hai Id tap cho hp quen khd...
-Ba Id cho hp cdi ehi khi tir thuc ky luc (ldm Idy md J khdng dn bdm)
TBOU Id cd ich cho sire khoe cita hp "
(TT.T5tt.201) Hd Chi Minh la lanh tu ed nhieu buc thu tam tinh ,. thay ttd cdc nhd trudng vdo cdc dip khai giang
;m hpc mdi. Mdt sd biic thu cd gia tri kinh dien cho I'phdt trien ciia giao due.
jiBuc thu nhan dip khai gidng nam hgc 1955-1956
^ mien Bac hodn toan duac giai phdng budc vao 1 ky khdi phyc kinh te, van hda chita dyng nhung - n giai dpc dao ve trdt tu ndi dung giao dye. Trong
; thu nay Bdc viet:
.- "Nudc ta mdi gidi phdng dupe mdt ndm, che dp cd -< thuc ddn phong kien khdng khdi con de lgi it nhieu
} hicong khong tdi trong nhirng ddu dc tre em. Vgy ing ta phdl dimg het tinh thdn vd dgo dice mdi de
• f got nhihig dnh hudngdy. Ddivdicdeem viecgido
^j! gdm cd:
' The due: De ldm cho thdn the khoe mgnh, ddng i cdn giu ve sinh rieng vd ve sinh chung.
Tri due: On lgi nhung dieu da hpe. hpc them nhimg
tri thuc mdi.
My due: Dephdn biet cdi gi Id dep cdi gi Id kJidng dep.
Dice due: Ld yeu Td qudc, yeu nhdn ddn. yeu cdch mgng, yeu khoa hpc. yeu ti-png eua cdng (5 cdi yeu).
Cdc em cdn ren luyen cdi dire tinh thdnh that vd dUng cdm. O ti-udng cdn kinh thdy yeu bgn, dodn kit giup da Idn nhau. O nhd cdn yeu kinh vd giup da cha me. Oxd hdi thi tuy sue minh md tham gia viec cd ich /p7c/m«g..."(TT,T8tt.75).
Xa hdi ta ttong thdi dai mdi lay chu nghTa Mdc- Lenin lam nen tang cho ndi dung giao due dao dire.
Hd Chi Minh cd ldi day sau sac de hieu ban chat chu nghTa Mac-Lenin va yeu cdu thyc hien tinh thdn Mac- Lenin cho the he tre ttd thanh eon ngudi mdi ttong cugc song mdi nhu sau:
"Hieu ehu nghia Mde-Lenin Id phdi sdng vdi nhau ed tinh, ed nghia. Neu thudc bao nhieu sdch md khdng sdng cd tinh co nghia thi sao gpi Id hieu Chit nghia Mac-Lenin duac" (TT, T12 tt.554) "Mdi eon ngudi deu cd cdi thien vd cdi dc trong Idng. Taphdi biet ldm eho phdn tdt d tiviig mdi eon ngudi ndy nd nhu hoa miia xudn vd phdn xdu mdt ddn di, do Id thdi dp cua ngudi cdch mgng...
Ldy ngudi tdt, viec tdt de hdng ngdy gido due ldn nhau la mdt trong nhOng each tdt nhdt de xdy dung...
con ngudi mdi, cudc sdng mdi" (TT, T12 tt.558).
(iv) Td chiic gido due Phdt trien ddng bd ba try cdt:
Nen gido dye than dan
He thdng giao due qudc ddn theo phuang chdm
"Giao due cho mgi ngudi"
Nhd trudng lao dpng
(*) Ho Chi Minh cd tu tudng nhdt quan "Cai gi cd loi cho nhdn dan thi Idm, cai gi cd hai cho dan thi ttanh. Nguyen vpng tha thiet nhat cua Ngudi la kien tao duac "Nen giao due than dan" cho dat nudc.
Nam 1956 cd ndi chuyen vdi tri thiic thu do, Ngudi neu ra phuong cham ciia giao dye md Ngudi cd ggn tiong 11 chii"
"Dgi hpc chi dgo - Tgi minh minh dice - Tgi thdn dan ", Ngudi ndi them: "Minh minh dire la ehinh tdm,
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
ra
NGHIEN Ctfu - TRAO DOI
Than dan la phye vu nlian dan" tiong sdch "Dai hpc"
vd them mdt chu "H" vao tir "tan" lam cho thdng diep ddm tham han, nhan van hon.
Ngudi tha thiet can dan trong "Di chiic" (1968):
"Ddu tien Id cdng viec ddi vdi con ngirdi"
"Phdi sua ddi che dp gido due cho thich hpp vdi hodn cdnh mdi eiia nhdn ddn ".
(*) Ngay tir nam 1930 (ngay 10/2), tiong bao edo gui Qudc te Cong san, de cap van de giao dye, Nguyen Ai Qudc viet tryc tiep bang tieng Anh, da neu cuong ITnh hanh ddng ciia each mang Viet Nam;
"To make Education for all". Van de "Giao dye cho mgi ngudi" (EFA) ngay nay dugc UNESCO quang bd cho mpi qudc gia.
Nam 1974 khi cugc khang chien chdng Phap mdi bat dau, ve eong tac tai Thanh Hda, Ngudi yeu cau tinh Thanh Hda phdi phan dau ttd thanh tinh kieu mau.
0 ITnh vyc gido dye Hd Chi Minh giao cho hai nhd lanh dao, cung Id hai nhd van hda: dng Le Phudc vd ong Dang Thai Mai cd nhiem vu xay dung duge cac
"Gia dinh hpc hieu", dua ngudi dan Thanh Hda thanh cae "Tieu gido vien". (TT, T5 ti.67)
Van de gia dinh hge hieu (Learning family) ngay nay dupe UNESCO coi la nhan td quan ttpng de kien tao xd hdi hgc tap (Leammg Society) d mdi qudc gia.
Td chuc nay xac dinh "Dao diic mdi eiia giao dye phai nham lam cho mdi ngu'di ttd thanh ngudi day va kien tao su tien bd van hda cho ban than va cdng ddng".
Phuang Ddng truyen thdng timg de cap den bd ba
"Quan - Su - Phy" trong ddi sdng tinh than ciia dat nudc Hd Chi Minh dua chat mdi vao khung ndy khi
nhdn manh sy cdn thiet ket hgp giao due nha trudng, giao due gia dinli, giao due xa hdi. Ngudi day: "Giao due ttong nhd trudng dd tdt mdy, nhtmg thieu giao due trong gia dinh va ngodi xa hpi thi ket qud khdng hoan todn". (TT, T8 tt394)
Ngudi chu y va chi dao phat trien nen giao due dai chung ed tinh chat thiet thyc.
Ngay tu nam 1948 giri thu cho nganh gido due, H6 Chi Minh co Idi khuyen xdc dang: "Vung ndo eon sot ngn mil chCr thi ede bgn ed gdng thi dua diet cho hit gide ddt trong mot thdi gian mau chdng. Vung ndo dd het ngn mil chir thi cdc bgn thi dua de tien lin mot bude nira. bdng cdch dgy eho ddng bdo:
} - Thudng thuc ve sinh de bdt dau dm.
2- Thudng thicc khoa hpe de bdt me tin nhdm.
3- Bdn phep tinh de ldm dn cd ngdn ndp.
4- Lich sii vd dia ly nude ta (Vdn tdt bdng tha hogc ca de ndng cao long yeu nude).
5- Dgo dire cua cdng ddn de trd thdnh ngudi cong ddn dung ddn.
Ngudi khuyen: "Cdc hgn hay ldm cho duac chirng dy de sao chimg ta se tien len budc eao han ".
(TT, T5 tr.489)
Cho den hdm nay ldi khuyen cdn nguyen y nghia thdi su de phdt trien giao due dat nudc cd tinh thirc tien vd xu the ben viing.
(*) Ngay 31/12/1958 d6n tham trudng Chu Van An (truac day la Trudng Budi), Bdc da cd Idi tam tinh v6i thay tto tiudng nay. Bdi ndi ciia Bac da thdnh nguyen Iy vang de phat trien nha tiudng Viet Nam, vd luan a hoan canh nao. (Cdn tiep)
Tdi lieu tham khdo
[ 1 ]. Dang Qudc Bao (2011), Phdt trien gido due dudi dnh sdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, NXB Thanh Nien.
[2]. Hoang Ngpc Hien (2011; Ludn bdn Minh triit & Minh triit Viet, NXB Tri thuc Ha Npi.
[3]. Ho Chi Minh lodn tap NXB CTQG H.200.
[4]. Nhi^u tac gia (2000). Danh nhdn Ho Chi Minh. NXB Lao Ddng.
[5]. Raja Roy Singh (1994), Nen gido due thikylL. Nhihig triin vpng chdu A- TBD. Vien KHGD.
[6]. Vu Nggc Khanh (1995), Minh triit Ho Chi Minh. NXB Van hda Thong tin.
Nga\ nhan: 26/7/2013 N«a> duyet dang: 7/8/2013
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
