MOT S6 MO HINH PHAT TRIEN
* NGHE NGHIEP GIAO VIEN
O ThS. NGUYEN H Q U DQ'
1. Phdt t r i e n n g h ^ n g h i § p g i d o vidn ca bdn cua ngh4 dqy hoc; - Phdt huy tinh linh hoqt (NNGV) CO lien quan den viec nang cao hiSu cua ngi/di gidng dqy; Co chuyen mon gidng qud Idm viec cua gido vien (GV). D6 Id kg't qud dqy; 06ng gdp vdo sir phdt trien nghe nghiep md mot GV dqt duqc trong qud trinh hoc tdp, cua dong nghif p; - Thuc hiSn voi trd lanh dqo vd nghiSn cuu, tich luy ki§'n thuc vd kinh nghiSm tham gia vdo viec ra quyit djnh.
mdt cdch cd he thd'ng. Tuy nhidn, cdn mot khio Mot so'vi du v4 tieu chi djnh hudng cdc chuong cqnh nua can phdi duqc quan tdm khi d l cap trinh phdt triln NNGV neu tren cho thay, phdt klidi niem phdt trien NNGV Khia cqnh ndy lien triln NNGV cd the duqc thuc hien mot cdch co quan den viec ung ho su phdt trien nghi nghiep chu djnh hodc khong chu djnh. Khong it nhung do Id viec cho phep cd su chuyen djch ve vol trudng hop, nhieu hoqtdqng duoc thi/c hien lien trd, vjtrixd hoi coo vd trdch nhlem do! vdi nghe quan ddn GV (hodc duqc thuc hien bdi GV) dqy hoc cua GV Ngudi GV thdnh cong trong nhung khdng cd chu y thuc hien cdc tieu chi cua phdt trien nghe nghiep khdng chi Id ngudi cd phdt trien NNGV Tuy nhien, neu cdc hoqt dong hieu qud gidng dqy cao md cdn Id ngudi biet do neu duqc djnh hudng tu trudc bdi muc dich hudng dan, tu van cd ket qud ve lao ddng nghe phdt trien NNGV thi hieu qud cua cdc hoqt dong nghiep cho dong nghiep. do se cao hon rdt nhilu. Ndl cdch khdc, cdn quan Vdi quan niem todn dien ve phdt trien NNGV tdm den nhung ca hoi md d do GV cd the phdt neu tren, nhieu md hinh phdt trien NNGV xud't trien nghe nghiep cua bdn thdn. Cdc cahqi phat hien vd dem Iqi nhung ket qud khd quan trqng trien nghe nghiep cd the duqc tqo ra cung luc viec ho trq qud trinh phdt trien nghe nghiep cua bdi cdc GV vd nhung ngudi ho trq, hoqc bdi GV Bdi Viet de cap mot so' md hinh phdt trien cdch luo chqn tap trung vdo mot nhiem vy mdi NNGV duqc nhieu qudc gia tren the gIdi thuc hien. md GV hung thu vol viec hqe ve no, hoqc bang 2. Cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV tuong dd'i cdch tap trung vdo thuc hdnh md GV thuc hi§n 6a dqng, duqc phdt trien vd thuc hien d nhieu mot cdch deu ddn nhung muon cd su thay doi.
qudc glo de phdt huy vd ho trq GV phdt trien Ddy chinh Id nhung gqi y true tiep cho su hinh nghe nghiep tu khi ho bdt ddu khdi nghiep den thdnh vd phdt trien cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV khi nghi huu. Diem chung nhd't de nhqn thdy cua trong thuc tien.
cdc md hinh Id tfnh myc dich cua nd. Cdc md hinh Theo Eleonora Vlllegass-Reimers (2003), co deu hudng den myc dich phdt trien nghe nghiep the sdp xep cdc md hinh phdt trien NNGV thdnh cho GV Theo do, viec dua ra cdc tieu chi de djnh 2 nhdm. Nhdm thu nhd't, cdc md hinh do cdc to hudng cdc chuong trinh phdt triln nghi nghiep chuc nhd't dmh hoqc cdc to chuc lien ket vdi nhau cua GV Id rd't quan trqng. Theo Little (1992), phdt nham hoqt ddng cd hieu qud, hay cdn gqi Id mo trien nghe nghiep cho GV ddl hdi phdi cd su gia hinh to* chuc hqp tdc. Nhdm thu 2 mieu td cdc mo tdng v l kien thuc, cdc kT ndng, phdn dodn (lien hinh md cd the duqc thuc hien vdi quy md nho quan den cdc vd'n de trong lop hoc) vd cd su ddng (trudng hqe, lop hqe...) hay cdn gqi Id md hinh gdp cua cdc GV dd'i vdi cong dong dqy hoc. nhdm nhd hoqc rieng le.
Leithwood (1992) cho rang, cdc chuong trinh nham Nhdm md hinh hqp tdc to chuc de cap cdc myc dich phdt trien nghi cho GV nen tap trung md hinh nhu: cdc trudng hoc phdt trien nghe;
vdo cdc vd'n de sou: - Phdt trien cdc kt ndng song;
Trd thdnh ngudi cd ndng luc dd'i vol cdc kT ndng * Sdi Giao due va Dao tao Ha No!
Tap clii Giao due so 2 6 5 (ki i - 7/2011}
mdi quan he hqp tdc glua trudng hoc vd trudng hinh phdn ung Iqi cdc luc luqng mdi trudng vd dqi hqe khdc; su hqp tdc khdc giua cdc co sd luc luqng ben ngodi vd phdn ung Iqi mdi quan ddo tqo; mqng ludi cdc trudng hoc phd' thdng; tdm vd nhu cdu ben ngodi duqc cdc djnh bdi mqng ludl cdc GV. cdc GV. Hieu trudng dua ra hudng dan nhqn Nhdm md hinh nhdm nhd hoqc rieng le cd thuc chung vd ho trq v l mdi trudng no! md cdc cdc md hinh nhu: hdi thdo, hdi nghj, cdc khoa cuqc thu ngliiem duqc cho phep. Cdc GV vd hqe...; nghien cuu dua tren cdc trudng hqp cy cdc nhd qudn If cung nhau ty hqp thudng xuyen the; phdt trien hqp tdc; su tham gia cua GV trong de noi tdi, len ke hoqch, thdo ludn cdc sdng cdc vol trd mdi; cd nhdn tu djnh hudng phdt trien; kien vd ddnh gid nhung tdc ddng. Cdc cuqc gap du gid vd gdp y kien; tham gia vdo qud trinh doi go ndy Idm ndy sinh muc do cao hon cua viec mdi gido dye; thuc hien cdc nghien cuu trong hqp tdc, giao tilp vd su tin tudng.
Idp hqe; tham gia tdp hud'n; hudng dan, tu vd'n. Md hinh tham gia vdo qud trinh doi mdi Md hinh cd nhdn tu dinh huang phdt then Qud trinh phdt trien nghi nghiep trong nhd GV dqt ra nhung myc tieu phdt trien nghi trudng bao gdm viec ddnh gid cdc phuong phdp nghiep cho bdn thdn, tu hoqch djnh nhung hoqt dqy hqe hien dang su dyng vd xem xet cdc khd ddng bdi dudng cd nhdn vd cdch thuc de dqt khdn phdt sinh khi su dyng nhung phuong phdp nhung myc tieu dd. Mdi GV tu tqo cho minh mdt ndy. Nhung khd khdn ndy cd the duqc thuc hien ddng CO hqe tdp, phdt trien nghi nghiep. Co sd If thdng qua viec cdi tien chuong trinh ddo tqo, ludn cua md hinh ndy Id tu djnh hudng phdt trien thiet ke chuang trinh hoqc thay dd'i phuong phdp nghi nghiep se giup GV gIdi quyet duqc cdc dqy hoc. Quo viec tham gia cdc Idp tdp hud'n, vd'n 6e hq gap phdi trong gidng dqy, tu dd tqo hdi thdo, dqc tdi lieu vd thuc nghiem dd'i mdi nen mdt y thuc v l viec phdt trien nghi nghiep. gido dye, GV se duqc trong bj kien thuc, kl ndng
Trong md hinh phdt trien nghi ngdy, cdc GV mdi phyc vy tdt hon cho cong viec cua hq.
xde djnh mdt myc tieu md hq cho Id quan trqng Md hinh thuc hien cdc nghien cuu trong vol hq - cd the Id quan trqng dd'i vdi cd nhdn hay Idp hge
quan trqng ddl vdi nhdm nhd, llet ke cdc hoqt GV nghien cuu viec su dyng cdc phuong phdp ddng md hq se thuc hien de dqt duqc myc tieu, dqy hqe cua minh. Md hinh nghien cuu ndy boo cdc nguon luc cdn cd de thuc hien vd cdch thuc gdm: xde djnh vd'n de nghien cuu, thu thdp sd' Hen hdnh dequd trinh thuc hien cua hq vd nhung lieu, phdn tich sd' ll§u vd thuc hien thay ddl v l thdnh tuu hq dqt duqc se duoc ddnh gid. Trong phuong phdp dqy hoc vd sou dd thu thdp them trudng hqp ndy, GV chju trdch nhlem v l su phdt sd' lieu de so sdnh, dd'i chleu. Cdng viec ndy cd trien cua ehfnh bdn thdn hq vd voi trd cua nhung the do GV hoqc nhdm GV thuc hien. Md hinh nhd qudn li vd gIdm sdt Id tqo d i l u kien, hudng nghien cuu duqc xdy dung tren quan niem cho ddn vd ho trq su phdt trien. Dua ra cdc phdn rang mdt trong nhung bleu hien cua mdt GV cd hdi mang tinh khdeh quan Id dilu cdn thiet neu trinh do chuyen mdn gidI Id khd ndng biet soi md hinh ndy hoqt ddng hieu qud. Vi dy v l md rql, ddnh gid hieu qud cdng viec cua ehfnh minh.
hinh phdt trien nghi ndy ed the thdy d Nhdt Bdn, Md hinh mgng ludi GV
noi tien hdnh cuqc dieu tra 3987 GV nam 1981, Mqng ludi cua cdc GV tqo dilu kien cho cdc vd hon nua sd' GV d ddy dd hoqt ddng tich cue GV xich Iqi gdn nhau de gIdi quyet cdc vd'n de trong cdc nhdm nghien cuu tinh nguyen, mdt md hq gap phdi trong cdng viec, vd nhd dd ed qud trinh phdt trien mang tfnh tu djnh hudng the phdt trien duqc su nghiep rieng cua moi ngudi (Shlmoharo, 1995). Vf dy khdc Id v l du dn duqc vdi tu each Id cdc cd nhdn hay vdi tu cdch Id thuc hien cud'i nhung nam 1980 do Wideen nhdm GV. Cdc mqng ludi ndy cd the duqc tqo ra (1992) trinh bdy. Theo du dn ndy, mdt thdnh mdt cdch tuong dd'i khdng chinh thuc thdng qua vien cua trudng hqe phd' thdng duqc ho trq bdi ede cuqc hqp thudng ki giua cdc GV; hoqc chinh trudng hqe tqo ra mdt bd'l ednh md d dd su thuc thdng qua viec thiet Idp cdc md'l quan he, phdt trien nghi cho GV dien ra mdt cdch tu nhien giao Hep vd hdi thoqi (Lleberman, 1999).
trong khudn khd' trudng hqe. Du dn trinh bdy Huberman (2001) trinh bdy cy the tdm quan cdch thuc md bdn thdn md hinh phdt trien trong trqng cua viec su dyng mqng ludl GV nhu mdt sud't glal doqn thuc hien md hinh bdi khi md hinh thuc ho trq GV phdt trien nghe nghiep bang
Tap ciii Giao due so 2 6 5 (ki i 7/2011)
viec dua ra md hinh cd lien quan den cdc GV trong cung mdt trudng vd khdc trudng, cdc GV cd cung cap do v l trinh do, cung mdn hoc hay cung thye hien cdc hoqt ddng. Huberman cung dua ra nhung Idp ludn ch6c ch6n v l tam quan trqng cua viec mqng ludi duqc qudn If bdi chinh cdc GV vd rdng mqng ludi Idm ndy sinh qud trinh md d dd cdc GV ed the giao tllp, dua ra cdc vd'n d l , quan sdt cdng viec cua nhung ngudi khdc vd duo hq xfeh Iqi gdn nhau.
dy nhilu khu vuc khdc nhau cua the gidi, nhilu mqng ludi GV hoqt ddng hieu qud. Laurlalo (1998) Viet v l cdc nhdm GV vd mqng ludi mdi duqc thdnh Idp trong khudn khd' nhilu trudng phd' thdng Phdn Lan de ung hq cho qud trinh phdt triln nghi nghiep cua GV. Md hinh ndy tung phdt trien thdnh cdng vd duqc thuc hien bdi cdc GV Nhdt Bdn. Cdc mqng ludi td' chuc cdc cuqc hdi thdo thudng ki, xud't bdn tqp chi vd td' chuc khodng 200 hdi thdo mua he moi ndm. Mqng ludl cung td' chuc cdc du dn nhu: bdi hqe nghien cuu, mdt md hinh phdt trien nghi nghiep noi md cdc nhdm GV Idm viec cung nhau trong mdt vdi tudn, ddl khi Id vdi thdng de chudn bj cdc bdi hqe mdu trinh bdy trudc ede GV khdc trong trudng, hay thdm chf trinh bdy trudc cdc GV trudng khdc vd khu vuc khdc (Newcomb, 1998).
Su ra ddi eua Nhdm dieu tra ve GV Id mdt hinh thi>c khdc eua md hinh mqng ludi GV. Nhdm d i l u tra v l GV bao g6m nhung ngudi thudng xuySn tap hqp nhau Iqi de ddnh gid mdt cdch can thorn kiln thuc su phqm, nllm Hn vd thuc thdnh cua chinh hq vd cdc thdnh vien khdc, bdi vi ho Idm viec cung vdi nhau Id de thay doi.
3. Sy phdt triln da dqng cdc md hinh phdt triln NNGV khdng ehi phdn dnh Hnh do dqng trong phdt triln NNGV md cdn Id mdt minh chung cd gid trj v l tam quan trqng cua phdt trien NNGV.
Nhilu qu^c gia tr§n the gidi ddnh si/ quan tdm ddc bidt cho viSc nghlSn cuu phdt triln NNGV vi hq y thuc sdu sdc v l vol trd kep eua GV trong qud trinh 66i mdi gido dye. GV Id nhdn td quon trqng tqo ra su thay dd'i eua gido dye vd chinh hq cung can phdi duqc thay ddi. Q
Tdi li^u tham khao
1. Nguyfin Ttij H6ng Nam - Trjnti QuO'c Lap - Bui Lan Ciii. "Pliit triiJn ctiuyen m6n giio vifin: nli(hig vin dd li tiiuy^t \ii Icinli ngiiiem ttiuc tifin". Ki y€u H^ithdo qud'c gia vi Khoa hge gido due Viit Nam, BO GD-DT, Hal Ptibng 2011.
2. Eleonora Vlllegass-Reimers. Teactier professional develment: an international review of tlie literature.
UNSSCO: International Institute for Educational Planning, 2003.
Tang cirong boi dirong...
(Tiep theo trang 10)
Hinh thuc BD llnh ddng, tuy ndl dung hodn cdnh md thay ddl, ed luc BD cho ddng ddo tdp the GV, ed luc phdi tdeh ra BD tung to, ed luc Iqi td' chuc BD rieng cho mdt so it ngudi.
Dilu kien thuc hien bien phdp: Ldnh dqo nhd trudng cdn thuc su quan tdm den van d l trinh do CNTT cua CB, GV, col viec thieu hyt kien thuc v l CNTT Id mdt phdn trdch nhiem cua nhd trudng, cd ke hoqch BD ddi hoi, llnh hoqt trong viec dua ra cdc chuong trinh DT phu hqp vdi y§u cau eua tung GV cy the.
Tqo d i l u kien cd du v l co sd vqt chdt (phdn cung vd phan mim) trong qud trinh BD, ed du nguon tdi ehfnh de to chuc Idp hqe, trd luong cho GV tham gia DT, BD ho trq kinh phi cho hqe vien, bdo hdnh, bdo tri mdy thuc hdnh ludn hoqt dqng tdt... phu hqp vol thuc tien.
Viec kiem sodt vd ddnh gid cdn duqc thdng qua ede ki sdt hqch, kiem tra nghiem tuc vd
cdng bd' cdng khal ket qud BD trong don vj trong nhd trudng.
Tdng eudng BD ndng cao trinh do ung dyng CNTT trong DH cho CB, GV ket hqp vdi viec thuc hien ddng bd cdc bien phdp phdt trien ung dyng CNTT trong DH se gdp phdn thuc da'y hoqt dong ung dyng CNTT trong DH, tu dd ndng cao chat luqng DT d Trudng CDSPTW. •
Tdi li^u tham khao
1. D^ng QuO'c Bko. Cdch lii'p cdn gido due trong bdi cdnh hi^n nay (tdi lieu bOi duOng). Trudng Can bO quan li GD-DT, Hd Noi 1998.
2. Trin Bd Hodnti. Dinh hudng cabdn vi dgy hoc tich c^rc. D\f dn ddo tao giao viftn, Hd NOi, 2003.
3. Pti6 Dure Hod - NgO Quang Sorn. Ung dung c6ng ngh£ thdng tin trong day hoc tich cue. NXB Gido due. H 2008.
4. Ddng Thdnh Hung. Day hoc hi#n dai (Li ludn - BiSn phdp - Ki thudt). NXB Dgi hoc qudc gia, H. 2002.
5. Pham Vi^t Vuqng Nguygn Xudn Thuc. Phuimg phap nghien cihi khoa hoc. NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H.1996.
