THVC TIEN - KINH NCHIEM
MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHONG NGUA TiNH TRANG SU DUNG MA TUY TONG HOP
TRAN TRUNG HIEU*
Sy xuat hien vd gia tang nhanh chong cdc chat ma tuy tdng hgp trong nhimg nam gan ddy gay ra nhirng h^ luy vd anh hudng nghigm trgng den ddi sing kinh ti - xa hdi. Bdi viit neu len t h ^ tr^ng, chi ra nguySn nhdn cua vi^c su dung ma tuy tong hgp ngay cang gia tang, tir do dua ra nhirng gidi phdp nham nang cao hifu qud phong ngira tinh trang s^ dung ma tuy tdng hgp.
Tir khda: Ma tuy tong hgrp; thuc trgng; gidi phdp phdng ngiea.
Nhdn bdi: 08/8/2019; biin tap xong: 18/8/2019; duyet bdi: 21/9/2019.
1. Thyc trang viec sir dyng ma tiiy tdng hgp va cdc hanh vi vi pham phdp ludt do cdc doi tugng sir dyng ma tuy tdng hgp gdy ra
Thdi gian qua, tinh hinh ngudi nghien ma tiiy dien bien het siic phiic tap, gia tang cd ve sd lugng, tinh chdt vd miic do, dac biet cd sy thay ddi ve loai ma tiiy sir dyng vdi viec ngudi nghien sir dyng ddng thdi nhieu loai ma tiiy ngdy cdng phd bien, gay khd khan cho cdng tdc td chiie cai nghien.
Tinh trang ngudi sir dyng ma tiiy tdng hgp (MTTH) ed xu hudng gia tang, chiem khodng tir 70 - 75% trong tdng sd ngudi nghien ma tiiy, ti le ndy d cac tinh khu vyc phia Nam vd Tdy Nam Bg cdn len den
90% - 95%. Vdi tinh frang ngudi nghien sir dyng ddng thdi nhieu loai ma tiiy ngdy cdng phd bien, dan den cdc hdnh vi vi pham pbap luat dac biet nghiem frong nhu:
Vy 07 thanh nien tu vong do sir dung MTTH frong le hgi dm nhac d cdng vien nude Hd Tdy, Hd Ngi ngay 16/9/2018; vu ca si Chdu Viet Cudng frong con "ngdo dd"
ldm chet mgt phy nii d Ha Ngi ngdy 03/3/2018; vu ddi tugng Dd Thanh Trung (24 tudi, d Bdc Giang) "ngdo dd" dung dao dam khien Trung td Trdn Van Diing (Trudng Cdng an xa Tien Lgi, thdnh phd Phan Thiet, tinh Binh Thuan) hy sinh ngay 25/12/2018'... la minh chirng cho sy nguy hiem cua chat ma tiiy nay. Ben canh do.
I. Bao cao tinh hinh. kit qud cong tdc phong, chong^ loi pham vi ma tiiy nam 2018 ciia Cyc Canh sat dieu tra tpi pham ve ma tuy. Bo Cong an.
* Thuang uy, Giang vien Khoa Canh sat phong, chong tgi phgm ve ma tuy. Hoc vien Canh s^t nhin dSn.
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Tap chi j _KIEMSAT 1 4 5
viec sir dyng MTTH va cac chdt budng than gdy nen bieu hien rdi loan tdm thdn, loan thdn (khoang 70%).
Mac dii lye lugng Cdnh sdt dieu fra tdi pham ve ma tiiy frong cd nude da tap trung ddu franh, triet phd cdc dudng ddy, d nhdm, diem, ty diem mua ban, sdn xudt, td chitc su dung frai phep chat ma tiiy, song do tac dgng cua tinh hinh tgi pham ma tuy fren the gidi va frong khu vyc, MTTH vdn dugc van chuyen frai phep tir nude ngodi ve Viet Nam vdi sd lugng Idn, phuong thuc, thii doan ngay cang tinh vi, xdo quyet vd ludn dugc dieu khien, ap tdi bdi phuang tien, ky thuat va vii khi hien dai, rat khd kiim sodt.
Cdc ddi tugng chii muu, cam dau ludn che gidu dudi nhiing vd bgc tinb vi rat khd phdt hien. Theo thdng ke cho thay, ngudn cung cdp MTTH tir nude ngoai vao nude ta khdng ngung tang, nhtmg chuyen dn, vy an hi cdc lyc lugng chirc nang phdt hien, vat chiing thu giu da len den hang tram kilogam mdi lan van chuyen, tham chi len den ban 01 tdn. Chi tinh rieng 06 thang ddu nam 2019 (15/12/2018 - 14/6/2019), Cue Cdnh sdt dieu fra tdi pham ve ma tiiy (C04) Bd Cdng an da chii tri, phdi hgp vdi cac lyc lugng ehiic nang, ddu franh bat giii 52 vy, 161 ddi tugng pham tgi ve ma tiiy; thu giii: 457,66 kg heroin, 1.506,7 kg vd 230.802 vien MTTH, 527,9 kg ketamine, 119,26 kg cocaine cimg nhieu vat ehiing lien quan den vy an (sd lugng ma tiiy thu giii da gap hai lan so vdi cimg ky nam 2018). Dieu dd cho thay lugng ma tiiy tbam lau vao nude ta la rat Idn.
Mat khdc, vi lgi nhuan cao, ngudn nguyen lieu Id tien chat chua dugc quan ly vd kiim soat chat che nen cac ddi tugng da tim each san xuat frai phep MTTH d frong nude. Neu nhu nhung nam trudc ddy tinh
hinh CO bdn dugc kiem soat thi td nam 2017 sdn xudt ttai phep MTTH da tdng frd lai, tir 04 vu nam 2017 len 07 vy nam 2018^.
Thdi gian tdi, tinh frang sir dyng ma tiiy ndi chung vd MTTH ndi rieng duge dy bdo se tiip tuc dien bien phiic tap. Khu vyc
"Tam gidc vang" vdn Id diem ndng ve san xudt MTTH cua t h i gidi; cdc chdt MTTH vd cac chdt hudng thdn mdi ndm ngodi danh muc k i i m sodt ciia cac nude vd d Viet Nam se tiip tuc gia tdng nhanh. Viet Nam vdn la dia bdn de cdc nude lgi dyng trung chuyin vd tieu thy MTTH. Vdn de phdng ngira, ngdn chan ma tiiy thdm lau vdo Viet Nam, tinh frang su dyng MTTH va cdc hdnh vi vi pham phdp ludt do cac ddi tugng su dung MTTH gdy ra ngdy cang frd nen phiic tap ban bao gid bet, rat cdn sy chung tay gdp sire ciia toan xa hdi, frong do lyc lugng Canh sdt dieu fra tgi pham ve ma tiiy giii vai frd ndng cot.
Ben canh do, khd khan, vudng mac trong cdng tac qudn ly ngudi nghien MTTH cdn den tu Id hdng, sy chdng cheo, bdt cap, khdng thdng nhat frong chinh sdch phdp luat nhu: Van ban hgp nhdt Luat phdng, chdng ma tiiy nam 2013 quy dinh td chiie cai nghien bat bugc cho ngucri tu 12 den 18 tudi, frong khi Luat xir ly vi pham hdnh chinh nam 2012 quy dinh dp dung bien phdp ndy ddi vdi ngudi tu dii 18 tudi frd len. Ludt phdng, chdng ma tuy nam 2013 quy dinh ngudi nghien sau khi chdp hdnh xong hinh thiic cai nghien budc phdi dp dung bien phdp quan ly sau cai tir 01 den 02 nam, frong khi dd, Ludt xu ly vi pham hdnh chinh yeu edu frd ve dia
2. Bdo cdo linh hinh. ket qud cong tdc phong, chong toi pham vi ma luy tir ndm 2018 din thdng 6 ndm 2019 cua Cue Canh sat diSu tra tgi pham vl ma niy, Bg Cong an.
Tap chi
KIEM SAT_ /So 19(thang 10/2019)
THVC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM phuong nhiing trudng hgp da chap hanh
xong quyet dinh cai nghien bat huge; hay Nghi dinh sd 13 6/2016/ND-CP ngdy 09/9/2016 cita Chinh phu siia ddi, bd sung mdt sd d i i u eua Nghi dinh sd 221/2013/ND-CP quy dinh ddi tirgng dp dyng bien phdp dua vdo co sd cai nghien bat budc phdi Id ngudi nghien ma tiiy tir du 18 tudi frd len, frong khi ddi tugng nghien ma tiiy, nhdt Id MTTH ngdy cdng fre hda.
2. Mgt so giai phap ndng cao hi^u qud phong ngua tinh trang su dung ma tiiy tdng hgp
De ndng cao hieu qud phdng ngua tinh trang su dyng MTTH vd cdc hdnh vi vi pham phdp luat do cdc ddi tugng sii dung MTTH gdy ra cdn tap trung thyc hien t i t cdc ndi dung, gidi phap frong tdm sau:
Thic nhdt, de nghi cac co quan chiic nang sdm cd vdn bdn hudng ddn thi hdnh ehi tiet, cu the cdc dieu frong Chuang XX - "Cac tdi pham ve ma tiiy" cua Bd ludt Hinh su nam 2015 (sura ddi, bd sung nam 2017) de phyc vy tdt cdng tdc phdng ngira tdi pham ma tiiy; td chiic tdng ket Ludt phdng, chdng ma tiiy nam 2000 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2008) vd xdy dyng ke hoach thyc hien D y dn Ludt siia ddi, bd sung Ludt phdng, chdng ma tiiy;
tham muu cho Chmh phu, Bd Cdng an siia ddi Nghi dinh sd 73/2018/ND-CP ngdy 15/05/2018 cua Chmh phii quy dinh v i danh myc chdt ma tiiy va tien chat theo hudng md de sdm bd sung cdc chdt ma tiiy mdi; sua ddi, bd sung Luat xir ly vi pham hanh chinh nam 2012; Nghi dinh sd 167/2013/ND-CP ngdy 12/11/2013 cua Chinh phii, quy dinh xu phat vi pham hanh chinh frong Imh vyc an ninh ttat ty, an todn xa hgi; phdng, chdng te nan xa hdi; phdng ehdy va chua chdy; phdng, chdng bao lyc gia dinh; Thdng tu lien tich sd
17/2015/TTLT-BYT-BLDTBXH-BCA cua Bg Y te, Bd Lao dgng Thuang binh vd Xa hgi, Bd Cdng an ngay 09/7/2015 quy dinh ve thdm quyen, thii tyc vd quy trinh xdc dinh tmh trang nghian ma tiiy phuc vy cdng tdc dieu ti:a, xu ly ngudi nghien.
Thic hai, day manh cdng tdc tuyen truyen phdng, chdng ma tiiy, ttong dd, ehii frong ddi mdi manh me ngi dung vd hinh thiic tuyen truyen vdi gidi tre, nhdt la bg phdn hgc sinh, sinh vien, cdng nhan tai cdc khu cdng nghiep, khu che xudt; tap trung myen truyen sau ve cdc thu doan du do, ldi keo, sii dyng ttai phep chdt ma tiiy, tdc hai khiing khiep cua MTTH... Khi tien hdnh tuyen tmyen cdn tap tnmg vao mdt sd hinh thirc sau: Ldng ghep ndi dung myen truyen phdng, chdng ma tiiy vdi tuyen truyen cdc chuang trinh kinh te - xd hgi khdc, nhdt Id ddi vdi cugc van ddng "Toan dan dodn kit, xdy dyng ddi sdng van hda"; tan dyng tdi da cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chimg nhu cac frang mang xa hgi, cae loai hinh van hda nghe thuat, vira trye tiep, vira gidn tiep de truyen tai den dugc cac ddi tugng cdn myen truyen, gido due phdng, chdng ma tuy; tuyen truyen thdng qua cdc budi hgp td ddn phd, khu ddn cu; tuyen truyen, gido dye trong cac trudng hgc, khu cdng nghiep, khu che xudt...; tang cudng tuyen truyen, giao due true tiep thdng qua cdc ddi tuyen truyen xung kich ciia thanh nien, thieu luen (tai xa, phudng, timg cym ddn cu), thdng qua edn bg cdng ehiie; qua cac dp phich, pano, bieu ngii, hdi thi hgc tdt, ve ttanh cd ddng, ndi chuyen chuyen de...
Thu ba, lyc lugng Cdnh sat dieu fra tdi pham ve ma tiiy can tang cudng cdng tdc nghiep vu d cdc tuyen, dia bdn frong diem, phiic tap ve ma tiiy; ket hgp dau ttanh tiiet phd cdc dudng ddy mua bdn, van chuyen
So19(thang1(V2019)\
Tap chi _KIEM SAT I 4 7
quy md Idn xuyen qudc gia vdi triet xda cdc tu diem, cdc diem san xuat, tang trii, td chiic su dyng frai phep chdt ma tiiy. Qua dd, nam chac tinh hinh dia ban ca sd khdng de phat sirih cdc tu diem, diem, ddi tugng lien quan den mua ban, tang trii, td chirc su dyng frai phep MTTH; phdi hgp chat che giua luc lugng Canh sat dieu fra tgi pham v i ma tuy vdi cac lyc lugng ttong nganh Cdng an nhu:
Cdnh sat hinh sy, Canh sat giao thdng, Canh sat quan ly hanh chinh ve an ninh trat ty Cling nhu cac luc lugng ngodi nganh Cdng an nhu: Bd ddi Bien phdng, Hai quan, Cdnh sat bien va ca quan chiic nang eua eac nude frong phdng ngira, ngan chan ma tiiy tu xa;
tap trung danh dung, danh tning cac dudng day ma tuy Idn, bat giii cdc ddi tugng chu muu, cam dau... gdp phan ngan chan, kiem che ngudn cung cap MTTH; td chirc cdc hdi nghi, hdi thdo hgp tdc giiia cdc lyc lugng de cung cap thdng tin, ky ket hgp tac, ttao ddi kinh nghiem... ttong cdng tac phdng ngira tgi pham ve ma tiiy, nhat la tinh frang su dyng MTTH.
Thu tu, lyc lugng Cdng an co sd can nam chac, lap danh sach ddi tirgng sii dung MTTH de cd bien phdp quan ly va phdi hgp vdi cdc dem vi chirc nang dua di cai nghien bat huge. Hien nay, sd ngudi nghien dang sinh sdng ngoai xa hgi chiem ti le cao (khoang gdn 70%); sd cdn lai dugc quan ly frong cac ca sd cai nghien bat budc, frai tam giam, tam giii, co sd giao due, trudng giao dudng, tiem an nhieu nguy CO cae ddi tugng sir dung MTTH thyc hien cdc hanh vi gay mat ttat tu, an toan xa hgi. Vi vay, can phdi cd cdc che tai xir ly nghiem khac nhiing ddi tugng nay nham ngan chan kip thdi, khdng de ngudi nghien ma tiiy thyc hien cac hanh vi pham tgi; td chiic cdc phien tda luu dgng lien
quan den tdi pham ve ma tuy nham ran de vd phdng ngira cdc hanh vi vi pham phdp ludt, qua do thiic day viec tang cudng phdng, chdng tdi pham ve ma tiiy, nhat Id d nhiing dia ban phiic tap ve ma tuy.
Thu ndm, tang eudng edng tdc giao due, quan triet cho cdn bd, chien si nam chdc cac van bdn phdp luat ve phdng, chdng ma tuy ciing nhu chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia lyc lugng Canh sat dieu fra tgi pham ve ma tiiy va cac luc lugng khdc ttong phdng ngira tgi pham ma tuy. Mdi can bd, chien si phdi nhan thitc dugc nhiem vu, chiic nang cua timg luc lugng ciing nhu mdi quan he phdi hgp giiia cac lyc lugng ttong phdng ngira tgi pham ve ma tiiy. Viec giao dye, quan friet phai dugc tien hdnh thudng xuyen, lien tuc bang nhieu hinh thiic, phuong phdp khdc nhau. Cd the thdng qua cdc lop tap hudn ve cbinh fri, nghiep vy hang nam, hoac thdng qua eac budi sinh hoat, hgc tap;
ciing cd the bang hinh thitc tuyen truyen, phd bien trye tiep khi giao nhiem vu cho mdi can bd, chien si...
Td chiic dao tao, tap huan cho can bg chien sT Cdng an cac dia phuang cd chuyen mdn nghiep vu ve cac Hnh vuc hda chat, dugc pham de dap iing yeu cau kiem soat cdc boat ddng hgp phap lien quan den ma tiiy, tien chat ma tuy; tang cudng frang bi phuong tien, ttang thiet bi cdng cy, ky nang, phuong phdp xir ly cdc ddi tugng su dyng MTTH khi cdc ddi tuang nay gay rdi ttat ty, vi pham phap ludt cho lyc lugng Cdng an d dia ban ca sd, luc lugng dan phdng, cd day du kien thiic, ky nang de dam bao an toan tuyet ddi cho quan chiing nhdn ddn, luc lugng chiic nang va ca ddi tugng.
Thie sdu, day manh cdng tac hgp tac (Xem tiep trang 57)
Tap chi
l a E M SAT^ /So 19(thang 10/2019)
THVC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
ngudi chua ro thu pham tten dia ban: Sau khi tiep nhan td giac, tin bdo ve tdi pham, lyc lugng frinh sdt cdn trien khai ngay cdc boat dgng cua minh de hd trg cho Dieu fra vien lam sang td cac tinh tiet, ndi dung cua vu dn ddm bdo yeu cau ve thdi gian theo quy dinh.
- Tang cudng, cung cd lyc lugng Cdnh sat hinh su vd mdi quan he phdi hgp giiia cdnh sat hinh sy va cac luc lugng nghiep vu khdc trong phdng ngiia tdi pham giet ngudi: Xay dyng lyc lugng Cdnh sdt hinh sy cdc cdp du manh, ngang tam nhiem vu vd phu hgp vdi tinh hinh Id viec lam mang tinh cdp bach, can thiet nham gdp phdn lam giam tdi pham, dam bao sy dn dinh vi an toan trdt ty; cdn cd nhiing gidi phdp phu hgp vi td chiie, lye lugng, con ngudi, phucmg tien de dat dugc hieu qua cao trong cdng tdc phdng ngua tdi pham giet
ngudi. Cy the: Cd ke hoach ddo tao, bdi dudng, nang cao chdt lugng dgi ngii cdn bg hien cd; tao mgi dieu kien thudn lgi de can bd, chiin si tham gia hgc tap, nang cao kien thiic ve chinh tri, phap ludt, nghiep vu, phdi gan cdng tac dao tao vdi cdng tdc thyc tien.O
Tai li^u tham khao
1. Chi thi s6 37/2004/CT-TTg ngay OS/U/2004 cua Thii tuang Chinh phu ve tang cirong cong tac phong, chong tgi pham.
2. Nguyin Hoang Tuan, Ddu tranh phong chdng Tpi giit ngie&t theo Dieu 93 Bp lugt Hinh si^r, Dai hpc Lu|t thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
3. V6 Khanh Vinh, Die bdo linh hinh tpi phgm, mot so vdn de ly ludn - thuc tien, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan, nam 2002.
4. Nguyen Xuan Yem, Tpi phgm hoc hien dgi vd phong ngua tpi phgm, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan, nam 2001.
MOT SO GIAI PHAP...
(Ti^p theo trang 481
qudc ti frong ddu franh phdng, chdng ma tiiy theo nguyen tac phii hgp vdi phap luat hien hdnh cua nude ta va phdp ludt qudc te.
Chil frgng hgp tdc vdi cac td chire qudc te nhu: UNODC, DEA, AFP..., dac biet la cdc nude cd chung dudng bien gidi vd cdc nude, vimg lanh thd cd nguy co cao hi tgi pham ma tiiy lgi dung van chuyen vao Viet Nam tieu thy hoac chuyen di cdc nude thii ba nhu: Trung Qudc, Lao, Camphuchia, Thai Lan... de frao ddi thdng tm, chia se kinh nghiem, franh tiiu sy ho ttg vi ttang thiit bi hien dai ciing nhu ddo tao, bdi dudng can bg trye tiip ddu tianh phdng, chdng tdi pham
va te nan ma tiiy; ngan chan cd hieu qud tinh trang thdm lau ma tiiy, frong dd cd MTTH tii nude ngodi vao nude ta.
Cd thi ndi, cude ddu franh chdng tdi pham ve ma tiiy, frong dd cd MTTH edn nhieu cam go, phiic tap. La luc lugng chu cdng, ndng edt, lyc lugng Canh sdt dieu tra tdi pham vi ma tiiy can chu dgng thyc hien ddng bd cdc gidi phdp; tich cyc phdi hgp cung cac bd, ngdnh, huy ddng sdc manh tdng hgp cua cd he thdng chinh tri vd qudn ehiing nhan dan tham gia phdng, chdng tgi pham, thyc hien cd hieu qud cdng tdc phdng ngira, ngan chan tinh ttang su dung MTTH vd cdc hanh vi vi pham phdp luat do cdc ddi tugng su dyng MTTH gdy ra ndi rieng vd tdi pham ma tiiy ndi chung, gdp phdn bdo ddm trat tu an todn xa hdi vi binh yen, hanh phiie cua nhan dan.n
Tapchi So19(thang10,/2019)^_KIEMSAT I 5 7
