N H O N G K H O KHAN T R O N G GIANG DAY TIENG ANH CHUYEN N G A N H TAI
TI^UfCirNlG O A . I M O C U A . O D O r S I Q - x A M O I
NHAM DAP ONG N H U CAU CUA T H I TRUdNG EAO D O N G
ThS. T r m h Thj T h u y - ThS. P h a m T h i H o n g H a n h - ThS. Phan Thi T h a n h T a m
TrUdng Dgi hgc Lao dgng - Xa hgi
Tom tat
Cung vdi tieng Anh phd thdng, viee giang day tieng Anh chuyen nganh (TACN) ngay cang thu hut SQ quan tam cCiacae nha nghien cQu va nha giaoduc, dae biet l a d eae trQdng dai hgc, khi muc tieu dao tao gan vdi cac muc dieh edng viee. Bai viet dudi day nham phan anh ke't qua nghien cQu cua de tai nghien cQu khoa hgc ve cac khd khan trong viec giang day va hge tap mdn tieng Anh chuyen nganh tai trUdng Oai hge Lao ddng - Xa hdi. Dua vao eae ket qua khao sat da dugc thQc hien ve phia giang vien, sinh vien va nha tuyen dung, bai viet dUa ra mdt sd kien nghj ve giai phap nang cao chat lugng giang day mdn TACN nham dap Qng nhu cau cua thi trUdng lao ddng.
Tdkhoa: Tieng Anh chuyen ngdnh, ddp dng nhu edu, thi trudng lao ddng.
Abstract
Along with General English, teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has caught much at- tention from researchers and educators, especially at tertiary level, where the training objectives attach to the needs of future work. This writing reflects the results o f t h e study on challenges in teaching and learning ESP at University of Labor and Social Affairs (ULSA). Based on the surveys conducted with the lecturers, the students, and the recruiters, some solutions will be proposed in this article to improve ESP's training quality to meet the demand o f t h e labor market.
. Key words: ESP, demand satisfaction, labor market.
V . y 1. Mcr dau vdi khu vUe ed ye'u t d nude ngoai. 0 cac trudng
Trong nam 2015, hiep djnh Odi tac kinh te dai hge, sinh vien thudng dugc hge TACN sau khi chien lugc xuyen Thai Binh Duong TPP da dugc da hoan thanh eae hoe phan tieng Anh ea ban.
ky ke't. Cdng dong kinh te ASEAN- AEC (ASEAN Mue tieu cua viec hoc TACN la sinh vien phai dUOe Economic Community) la cO che hgp tac cac trang bi vdn tUvUngcd ban, dn tap lai nhQng kien nude ASEAN, cd/i/'eu/i/cfu'ngdy 3//y2/20/5. Viet ^ u - , '-, u- j - u • - • , , ' - -
. , ,• • a / - - / .^/^"..^. v.cL thuc ngu phap da hoe, eung CO eae kynang tieng Nam la mot thanh vien cua TPP va ASEAN cho ^. , r^..^ .... , . , , . . , . . . '-^^Z -•
.. , ^. i. I .- da hoc de doc hieu, dich tai lieu va Viet duac mot nen viec lao dong dl chuyen giUa eac nuac thanh „ , '. . ', , . ' ^., ; . , , ' , , ' vien trong d d c d Viet Nam la tat ye'u va cung la ^° bao eao eo hen quan den chuyen nganh ma hg CO hdi de qua trinh hdi nhap va canh tranh tren ^^""^ * ^ ^ ° '''?'=• "^"^ " ' ' ' ^ " ' *'''^'= *^' '^ ' ^ " ^^' ^^*
phan khuc thj trudng lao ddng cd ky nang. Ben *'^'= ^<?'^ P^^" ™"^'^' "^^* ^^ P^^" '^^°"9 "^^o canh cac ddi hdi ve mQc do thanh thao trong giao ^inh vien chQa du kha nang t u nghien cQu tai lieu tiep tieng Anh phd thdng, nhQng ngQdi cd trinh chuyen nganh bang tieng Anh cung nhUsQdung do tieng Anh chuyen nganh tdt cd nhieu Uu the TACN hieu qua. Nhieu sinh vien sau khi tdt nghiep trong canh tranh viec lam tai thj trudng lao ddng. ra trQdng khdng the sQ dung tieng Anh glao tiep Tuy nhien, day cung la diem yeu cua lao ddng Viet luu loat cung nhuTACN trong edng viee. Day ciing Nam khi tham gia thi trUdng lao ddng, dae biet la mdt thQe te tai trudng Oai hgc Lao ddng-Xa hgi
2. Noi dung
2.11VIgt sd khdi niem
2.1.1. Chuang trinh ddo tgo dgi hge
d moi qudc gia, ehuang trinh dao tao (CTOT) d bac dai hge duac hieu theo cac each khae nhau. 6 cac nudc phat trien, CTOT dai hgc duge hieu la tat ea eac hge phan ma trudng dai hge dd eung cap tuy thude vao chuyen nganh ma sinh vien theo hge. O mgt sd nudc khac, CTOT dai hge la tap hgp eac chuyen de hay mdn hgc quy djnh cho toan khda hge dai hgc.
0 cac trudng dai hge Viet Nam, CTOT dUgc hieu la mdt tap hgp cac hgc phan dugc thiet ke eho mdt nganh dao tao nham bao dam cung cap cho sinh vien nhQng kien thUc va ky nang can thie't cho nghe nghiep sau nay[7]. CTOT d bac dai hgc khdng gidi han d pham vi eung cap kien thQc nhu CTDT d eac bac hgc dudi. 0 day can tinh den muc tieu dao tao kien thQe phuc vu nghe nghiep trong tuong lai. Xet theo khia canh rdng han, dao tao d bac dai hgc chinh la mdt dang dao tao nghe, va san pham eua qua trinh dao tao ehinh la cac tri thQc lao ddng tri de trong tuong lai. Cd nghia la, CTOT d dai hge phai gan vdi nhu eau eua thi trudng lao ddng, cua xa hdi, nai danh gia, tiep nhan hay dao tai eac san pham giao due cua cac CO sddao tao.
Viec phat trien CTDT thudng phai qua 5 bude [5]:
Budc 1 - Phan tieh bdi canh va nhu cau dao tao:
CTOT phai phu hgp vdi the che chinh trj, trinh do phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, yeu cau chuyen mdn va nhu cau nhan lUe eua thj trUdng lao ddng de lam ed sd thiet ke.
Budc 2- Xac djnh muc dich chung va muc tieu eu the: hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each con ngudi, nhQng dQc tinh nghe nghiep.
BQdc 3- Thie't ke CTDT: TQc la qua trinh xay dung ndi dung, ke hoaeh dao tao, eac yeu cau va dieu kien bao dam nham thUc hien CTOT.
BUde 4- Thuc thi CTOT: Dua CTOT vao thQ ng- hiem va thQe hien.
BQdc 5- Oanh gia CTDT: Viee danh gia chQOng trinh can dQgc thQe hien tren ed sd ket qua thQ nghiem va lay y kien rdng rai cae nha khoa hge, chuyen gia giao due, ddi ngu giang vien, sinh vien hoac phu huynh sinh vien va ngUdi sQ dung laoddng.
Sodd 1: Quy trinh phdt trien CTDT khep kin (Nguyen Vii Bich Hien, 2012)
2.1.2. Ddo tgo ddp dng nhu edu cua thj trudng lao ddng
Thj trudng lao ddng phat trien tuan theo nhQng quy luat tat yeu cua thj trUdng, dd la quy luat cung-cau va quy luat canh tranh, quy luat gia trj. He thdng dao tao tham gia vao thj trUdng lao ddng cung phai tuan theo eae quy luat nay.
- Quy ludt eung-edu: Cae ca sd dao tao phai thda man yeu cau cua ngUdi hgc ve chat lUgng eung nhUvesd lugng cae kien thQe va kynang ma hg can cd de cd the tim dUge viee lam. NhU vay, giao due va dao tao vdi tU each la mdt trong hai thanh t d cua thj trudng lao ddng - ben eung lao dgng ky thuat, giQ mdt vai trd quan trgng trong viee cung Qng lao ddng cho thj trQdng lao ddng, cho xa hdi. Oao tao nhan iQc phai gan vdi nhu eau cua thj trudng lao ddng ludn bien ddng theo quy luat cung eau.
-Quy lugt cgnh tranh: Trong cache thj trudng, nhQng ngUdi lao ddng dugc dao tao vdi chat lugng tha'p se it cd ed hdi tim duge viee lam va nhQng ed sd dao tao kem chat lUgng eung se dan dan bi xa hdi dao thai. Do vay, he thdng dao tao ndi ehung va cac ca sd dao tao ndi rieng phai tuan thil quy luat canh tranh de tdn tai va phat trien.
Oe cd nang luc eanh tranh, phai dao tao ed chat lugng. Do vay, ehat lugng dao tao da trd thanh sU sdng cdn eua eac ca sd dao tao.
Ben canh dd, chat lUgng dao tao khdng chi do cac nha giao due tU danh gia ma dieu quan trgng la phai duge eae khach hang danh gia va thQa nhan. Vdi each tiep can nhu tren, cac ca sd dao tao can ed mdi quan he ehat ehe vdi eae cd quan sQ dung lao ddng, eac doanh nghiep trong viec xay
dung muc tieu cung nhu danh gia chat lugng dao tao. Chi ed nhu vay, dao tao mdi thuc sU g^n vdi nhu cau xa hdi, va chat lugng dao tao mdi thuc su dap Qng dugc yeu cau eua ngudi sQ dung lao ddng va eua thj trudng lao dgng.
- Quy lugt gid tri: Chat lugng, djch vu dao tao phai tuong xQng gia trj ma ngUdi hge va Nha nUde chi tra. NhQng san pham dao tao vdi chat iQgng cao phai dQgc danh gia cao hon, phai cd gia tri han. Chi cd nhu vay mdi kich thich dUge sU phan dau vuon len cua ngUdi hge cung nhu cac cd sd dao tao de dat chat lugng cao.
2. J.3. Tiing Anh chuyen ngdnh trong trUdng dgihge
Khdi niim TACN
Ve khai niem TACN, cac nha ngdn ngQva giao due hgc tren the gidi dQa ra cae djnh nghia khac nhau. Theo Hutchinson va Walters (1987), TACN la mgt phuong thQe day ngdn ngQ trong dd tat ea eae quyet djnh ve ndi dung gicing day va phuang phap giang day dUa tren mue dieh hgc tap cua ngudi hge. Oieu nay cd nghia rang TACN khdng lien quan tdi mdt phuong phap day ngdn ngQ hay mgt tai lieu eu the nao. Tac gia cung ehi rd TACN khdng phai la van de giang day"sUda dang chuyen biet cua tieng Anh". Viec day TACN can phai dUa tren nguyen tae dau tien la giang day va hgetap hieu qua [1].
Thieo Strevens (1988), TACN cd nhQng dae diem sau day:
- Duge thiet ke de dap Qng nhQng nhu cau cu the cua ngUdi hgc
- Lien quan giQa ngi dung (chuyen de hay chu de) vdi nhQng nguyen tac va hoat dgng cu the
Tap trung vao ngdn ngQ phu hgp vdi ngQ phap, tQ VQng, ngQ nghia, vv, va vdi phan tich dien ngdn;
TQang phan vdi tieng Anh phd thdng (General English)
- Cd the han che cac ky nang hgc tap (vi du: chi tap trung vao ky nang dgc hoac viet)
Cd the khdng can day theo mdt phuang phap da vach s i n .
Tuy nhien, gan day, sQ phat trien cua TACN khdng chi dQng lai d muc dieh dgc hieu va viet cac tai lieu ehuyen nganh. Cae ky nang giao tiep sQ dung TACN trong mue dich cdng viee da va dang cd xu hudng tang cao trong xa hdi hien dai.
Cd nhieu each phan loaiTACN, nhQng hau nhQ cac nha nghien cUu deu thdng nhat hai loai ehinh cua TACN la EAP - tieng Anh chuyen nganh dung cho cae mue dich hgc thuat, va EOP - tieng Anh
chuyen nganh dung trong cac mue dich edng viec. Cung khdng cd sU phan biet rach rdi giQa EAP va EOP, bdi muc dich cudi eung cua ea hai loai tieng Anh nay deu la phuc vu eho edng viee [3].
Gidng day TACN trong trUdng dgi hgc Viee giang day TACN trong trUdng dai hgc ed mdt sd nguyen t i c can ehu y:
- Nguyen tde hd tra: La budc dau tien lien quan den viec giao vien ngoai ngQ nay sinh y tUdng trong viec dUa ra cau hdi, thu thap thdng tin ve khda hge eua sinh vien, lam the nao de kien thQc tieng Anh phu hgp vdi khda hge eCia hg, va sinh vien ed uu tien gi eho khda hge khdng. Day la mdt phan trong bUdc phan tich nhu eau ngUdi hgc.
Trong bUde nay, ngUdi giao vien ngoai ngQ cung can phai tham khao y kien cua giao vien bg mdn va khoa ma sinh vien dang theo hgc [6].
- Nguyin tde hap tde: Gao vien ngoai ngQ va giao vien chuyen nganh phai cung lam viec true tiep vdl nhau de chuan bi nhQng ngi dung, yeu cau cua khda hgc cho sinh vien [6].
- Nguyin tdc dgy hge nhdm: Mile 66 cudi eung trong viec tich hgp ngdn ngQ va chuyen nganh la viec cac giao vien ngdn ngQ va chuyen mdn thuc sU lam viec vdi nhau trong Idp hgc, dugc biet den nhu la mdt boat ddng day hgc nhdm (team- teaching).
Ndi dung dao tao TACN khac vdi ndi dung dao tao chuyen nganh bang tieng Anh do muc dich mdn hge, tai lieu giang day, phUdng phap giang day, each tiep can cua hai linh vUc nay hoan toan khac nhau. TACN tap trung khai thac cac khia canh ngdn ngQ, nhQng thuat ngQ chinh, thiet ye'u, chU trgng thuc hanh de phat trien vdn tQ vUng chuyen nganh gan lien vdi cae ky nang ngdn ngQ theo tinh hudng, ngQcanh va giup sinh vien quen vdi van phong tieng Anh dung trong ITnh vUc chuyen nganh. Quan trgng nhat, thdng qua cae hoat ddng ngdn ngQ, giup hg ghi nhd v i cd the van dung vdn TACN trong thUc te cdng viec. Trong khi dd, cae mdn chuyen nganh dugc giang bang tieng Anh tap trung vao mang ndi dung, kien thQc eua n g i n h .
Nhuvay, cd the ndi daotaoTACN la bude dem de eae eo sd d i o tao cd the nang cao chat lugng d i o tao vdi cac mdn hgc chuyen n g i n h duge d i o tao bang tieng Anh. Viee xac dinh chQdng trinh, ngi dung dao tao TACN phu hgp vdi chuan dau ra da cdng bd eua cd sd dao tao la tien de de xay dung dQgc ndi dung d i o tao phu hgp vdi nhu cau xa hdi..
2.2. Mo td nghien cdu 2.2.1. Ddi tuang nghien edu
Odi tugng nghien cQu la cac giang vien giang day TACN tai trUdng OH LO-XH, 100 mau sinh vien lua chgn ngau nhien tQ sinh vien dai hgc khda 9, 20 doanh nghiep thudc cac loai hinh doanh ng- hiep khac nhau tren dja ban Ha Ndi.
2.2.2. Phuang phdp nghien edu
Nhieu phuong phap nghien cQu khae nhau dugc sQ dung n h u dieu tra, bang hdi, phuong phap thdng keva tong hgpsd lieu...
2.2.3. Kit qud nghien edu
a. Thuc trang day va hgc TACN tai trudng va cac khd khan trong giang day TACN
Qua khao sat ed the thay dugc ca giang vien va sinh vien gap nhieu khd khan trong mdn hgc TACN, eu the nhu sau:
- Mdt trong nhQng khd khan Idn trong viee giang day TACN QTNL eua cae giang vien la nhieu giang vien (83.3%) chUa dugc tham gia mdt khda dao tao nao ve giang day TACN, ehi mdt sd it dugc tiep can vdi nhQng kien thQc ve giang day TACN.
Cung vi vay, giang vien ehUa td chQc dQgc nhieu hoat ddng trong Idp hgc TACN. Mac du hg cung da rat cd gang thiet ke them nhieu hoat ddng cho sinh vien, tuy nhien, viec thie'u nhQng kien thQc ve phuong phap giang day TACN nen nhQng hoat dgng hg thiet ke khdng dat dugc hieu qua nhu mong mudn.
- 73% giang vien tham gia khao sat eung cho rang, viec thieu kien thQc ve chuyen n g i n h cung la mdt khd khan ddi vdi viec giang day mdn TACN cua hg. Cac giang vien chia se rang trUde khi giang day, hg da phai nghien cQu lai t i i lieu ke't hgp tham khao cae chuyen gia de nam dugc nhQng kien thQc chuyen mdn co ban. Tuy nhien, kien thQe ve chuyen mdn l i rat rgng Idn v i phQc tap nen khdng the nam dQgc het trong mgt khoang thdi gian ngan. Do vay, ddi vdi hg, qua trinh giang day cho sinh vien cung ehinh l i qua trinh hg phai t u hgc them tQ nghien cQu tai lieu, ddng nghiep tham chi phai hgc hdi tQsinh vien.
- Ldp hge TACN qua ddng sinh vien, binh quan 50 den 60 sinh vien/ldp. Dieu n i y can trd viec giao vlen dua ra cac nhan xet eho tQng ddi tQgng sinh vien, ddng thdi khdng the dam bao cho sinh vien tham gia tich cUe vao cac hoat ddng hge tap tren ldp. Them v i o dd, trinh do tieng Anh cO ban eua sinh vien cdn yeu, ehua dap Qng dQgc yeu eau cua khda hgc cung la mdt thach thQc Idn ddi vdi ngudi day.
Kho khan
a. Kinli nghiem giang day TACN QTNL con it.
b. Clii/a to cliiJc iJuclc nhieu hoat dong trong Iclp hot.
c. Chua duoc dao lao ve cac lihoa day hoc TACN, d. Kien thiic ve chuyen nganh chua du.
e. Ldp hoc qua dong sinh vien t Thili luong cho khda hgc qua ngan g. Trinh do tieng Anh co ban cua sinh vien yen h. Su khong dong deu trong trinh do tieng Anh cua sinh vien
i. Cd s i vat chat chua dap dng dddc yeu cau day ngoai ngJ
So liicing
5 4 4 4 6 5 6 5
4 T y l e
83,3%
73%
73%
66.7%
100%
83,3%
100%
83.3%
66 6%
Bang I: Kho khdn ciia gidng vien Irong gidng dgy TACN
- Doi vdi sinh vien, Idio khan ldn nhat cua cac
em chinh la trinh do TA ca ban (general English) cdn yeu, nen viec tiep thu TACN khong hieu qua.'°'('^si Sales
Kh3 16-7 Du6l
trung binh (<5)
Bieu do 1: Ket qua hgc tap mon TACB ciia sinh vien
Phan Idn sinh vien ed trinh do TACB d mQc do trung binh, v i ke't qua mdn TACN cua cac em cung d mQc tQOng Qng. 72% sinh vien cho rang chinh trinh do TACB yeu kem l i mdt trong eae yeu td anh hudng den ke't qua hgc tap cua eae em.
- Phan Idn sinh vien ehUa biet phQdng phap hge mdn TACN hieu qua.
- Hau het sinh vlen (90%) tin rang kien thQc ve chuyen n g i n h cua GV anh hudng rat Idn den ke't qua hgc tap TACN.
-Van dequan ly trong d i o tao eung dugc sinh
v i e n dUa v i o lUa c h g n , v d i 8 7 % s i n h v i e n c h o r a n g d o si sd I d p h g c n g o a i n g Q q u a d d n g va cac t r a n g bj t r o n g p h d n g h g e p h u c v u c h o h g c n g o a i n g Q c d n it n e n cac e m k h d n g t h e t U d n g t a c h i e u q u a v d i GV, i n h h U d n g d e n k e t q u a h g e t a p .
Yeu to
a, Noi dung hoc tap mon TACN (Giao trinh -i- Tai lieu) b. Sd da dang ciia hoat dpng trong Idp hoc.
c. Kien thdc ve chuyen nganh cua giang vien d. Trang thiet bi hien dai trong phong hgc e. Si so Idp qua dong
f. Thdi Iddng cho Vam hoc qua ngan g. Trinh do tieng Anh co ban cua sinh vien yeu h. Sli khdng dong deu trong trinh do tieng Anh cua sinh vien
Tile 80%
55%
90%
73%
87%
66%
72%
44%
Bdng 2: Kho khdn cua sinh vien trong hgc TACN
- Dieu dang lUu y l i viec danh gia trinh do TACN eua sinh vien chi mdi dUng d cac ky n i n g dgc hieu, dich v i viet mdt sd van ban don gian.
Cac ky nang giao tiep trong TACN hau nhu chua dugc nhac tdi trong chuang trinh d i o tao.
b. Nhu cau cua thj trUdng lao ddng ve viec sQ dung TACN
Dua v i o cic sd lieu phan tich ve nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep trong ddi tUgng nghien cQu, ed the dUa ra cic ket luan sau:
- Hau het doanh nghiep rat coi trgng viec sQ dung TACN trong cac muc dich cdng viec, dac biet l i cic doanh nghiep cd yeu td nudc n g o i i .
Loai hinh DN
Nha nddc Tdnhan Co phan
Lien doanh
Nudc ngoai
Miic do sddung 3 diem
SL 3
0 2 4
2
%
60%
0%
50%
66.6%
100%
2 diem SL
1
2 2 2
0
%
20%
66 6%
50%
33 4%
0%
1 diera SL
1
1 0 0
0
%
20%
33.4%
0%
0%
0%
Gia trj trung
binh
2,4
1,67 2,5 2,6?
3
Bdng 3: Ddnh gid ciia DN ve mirc do sie dung TACN
Tuy nhien, nhin chung cac DN dugc hoi chua hai ldng ve trinh do TA ndi chung va TACN ndi rieng cua ngUdi lao d d n g tai doanh nghiep.
Odng thdi, cac doanh nghiep khdng chi diia vao mgt each thQc de danh gia trinh do TA eua ngQdi tham gia tuyen dung. Ngoai yeu eau eac chQng chi tieng Anh theo chuan qudc te trong ho sd xin viee, nhieu doanh nghiep yeu eau Qng vien phai dQ thi kiem tra trinh do trQc tiep tai doanh nghiep.
- Cac ITnh vQe sQdung TACN trong cdng viec tai cac DN rat da dang, yeu cau nhieu ky nang ngdn ngQ nhQ nghe, ndi, dgc, viet, d|eh,v.v.
Nhuvay, qua cae sd lieu phan tich, cd do lech tuong ddi giQa yeu cau eua nha tuyen dung vdi nang lUe sQdungTACN cua ngQdi lao d d n g / ngudi d u tuyen. Ndi each khae, ehat lugng dao tao chua dap Qng dQgc so vdl nhu cau xa hgi.
2.3. Mat so gidi phdp
2.3.7. Gidi phdp vi ehuang trinh ddo tgo - Can xay dung mue tieu mdn hgc gan lien vdl yeu eau cua xa hgi, trong dd can dua eac muc tieu ve ky n i n g ngdn ngQ cho ngUdi hgc, ngoai cae ky n i n g truyen thdng eua TACN, chang han nhQ:
-I- Ndi dugc ve cae van de ddn gian lien quan den ehu diem/ tinh hudng trong ehuyen n g i n h QTNL bang tieng Anh (speaking)
-I- Nghe dugc c i c hdi thoai don gian trong tinh hudng cdng viee, eae b i i ndi ngan lien qua den ehuyen nganh QTNL bang tieng Anh (listening)
-I- Dgc hieu duae eae t i l lieu ngan, d mQc dd dan gian va trung cap bang tieng Anh ve chuyen n g i n h QTNL
-t- Viet dugc eae van ban lien quan den thdng tin ca nhan trong hd sa xin viec bang tieng Anh (Curriculum Vitae, letter of application,...)
-H Djch dugc cac doan van ngan bang tieng Anh ve ehuyen nganh QtNL.
- Can ket hgp nhieu tai lieu giang day TACN, trong dd ed eae t i i lieu theo hudng phat trien kha n i n g giao tiep ehuyen n g i n h .
-Tang thdi lUdng mdn hgcTACN trong chuang trinh khung.
2.3.2. Gidi phdp vedgyvd hge Ve phia giang vien
- Giang vien can sQ dung da dang cac phuang phap giang day, dae biet l i eac ky thuat giang day tich cue theo hQdng tiep can n i n g iQe ngQdi hgc.
-Giang vien can tQvan cae ehien iQgc hgetap mdn TACN eho sinh vien, hQdng dan sinh vien tiep can eac tai lieu day hge hien dai, tham khao thdng tin tren eae website ed ngi dung lien quan den mdn hgc.
- Ben eanh viee ket hgp ve mat chuyen mdn vdi giao vien chuyen n g i n h , can tham khao y kien eae em vdi tQ each ban hgc cung, nham l i m eho gid hge thoai m i l v i tang hQng thu hge tap.
- Chua'n bj tdt ve kien thQe va cac phQang phap giang day. Can chu ddng tham khao cae kien thUe ve chuyen nganh va cap nhat cac phQdng phap giang day hien dai trong nudc va tren the gidi.
Ve phia sinh vien
- Xay dQng ke hoach hgc tap mdn TACN cho ban than. Viec xay dQng mdt ke hoach hgc tap phu hgp se giup sinh vien hge tap dat hieu qua eao ban. Khi sinh vien xay dung dugc muc tieu cho mdn hge, hg se biet minh nen bat dau tQdau, hudng di nhuthe n i o , phai l i m gi, chuan bj gi eho mdn hgc. Viec niy, se giup ngUdi hge nhan dinh, danh gia dugc ket qua eua minh v i ed the sQa ddi nham tao nen mdt ket qua hgc tap tdt nhat.
- Xay dung v i nang cao kha nang t u hgc: Tu hgc (self - study) l i sU nd lUc chiem ITnh tri thQc, ky nang eua ban than cua ngudi hge de hudng tdi nhQng muc dich hgc tap nha't djnh. ThUc cha't tU hgc l i mdt qua trinh hgc tap, mdt qua trinh nhan thQc khdng true tiep cd thay glao, dd l i mdt qua tnnh "lao dgng khoa hgc" vat va hdn nhieu so vdi cd g i i o vien hudng dan. - Td chQc hgc tap theo nhdm: Viec td chQc hge tap theo nhdm l i mdi trudng tdt de sinh vien cd the phat trien kien thUc, l<y nang va kinh nghiem hge tap va l i m viee tU viec hgc hdi eae thanh vien trong nhdm. Trong phuang phap giang day hien dai, cac giang vien da ap dung viec td chQc sinh vien hgc tap theo nhdm. Ban than sinh vien eung phai xay dung duge ky n i n g l i m viec nhdm. Trong viec hge tap mdn TACN, khi sinh vien l i m viec theo nhdm, cae thanh vien trong nhdm se hd trg l i n nhau, bd sung cac thie'u sdt trong q u i trinh l i m viec chung.
Khi hge tap theo nhdm tU khi l i sinh vien, ban t h i n hg se hinh thanh thdi quen lam viee tap the, mdt ky nang rat hQu ieh trong cdng viec tuong lai.
2.3.3. Gidi phdp vikiim tra ddnh gid
Hien nay, ganh nang d i n h gia dUge dat qua nhieu len b i i thi cudi ky. Neu ed sU dieu ehinh ve ndi dung mdn hgc theo hudng tang cUdng cac ndi dung giao tiep sQ dung TACN, viec chi danh gia ke't qua hgc tap cua sinh vien qua eae bai thi viet (giQa ky/ cudi ky) la ehUa hgp ly. Can ed each d i n h gia trinh do eua sinh vien qua cac b i i tap tinh hudng, cae bai thuyet trinh, ddng thdi thay ddi trgng sd eua cic b i i danh g i i (giam ti le danh gia eua b i i thi cudi ky).
Ngoii viec kiem tra trong q u i trinh sinh vien hgc tai trudng, can cdca sudanh gia kiem tra hieu qua sau qua trinh dao tao. Mudn l i m dugc dieu niy, can xay dung mang ludi ke't ndi sinh vien da tdt nghiep, li'y phan hdi tU hg ve thUc te sQ dung TACN trong edng viee sau khi ra trudng, kha nang d i p Qng ddi vdi nhu cau cua thi trudng lao ddng.
Odng thdi, djnh ky tie'n h i n h cac dieu tra xa hgi hgc ve danh gia cua n h i tuyen dung ddi vdi trinh
do, nang lUcTA cua cac s i n pha'm dao tao cua nha trudng, tQ do ed cac dieu chinh eho phu hgp.
3. Ket luan
Cung vdi xu the t o i n eau hda va doi mdi trong giao due, song song vdi vai trd cua tieng Anh pho thdng, tieng Anh ehuyen n g i n h sQ dung trong cac mue dich cdng viec n g i y c i n g dugc eoi trgng.
Mac du cd sU nd lUe tQ phia n h i trUdng trong viec quan tam v i dau tU den viec d i o tao TACN, tQ phia giang vien trong cdng t i e giang day v i tU trau ddi kien thUe can thiet trong giang day, v i tQ phia ngQdi hge trong viee xae dinh ddng ed hgc tap, van cdn tdn tai nhieu van de v i eae khd khan trong qua trinh d i o tao, gay anh hudng den c h i t lugng d i o tao mdn TACN. Oe thu hep khoang each giQa dau ra (sin pha'm dao tao) veTACN eua nha trudng vdi yeu cau cuaTTLD, can cd cac ehien luge d i o tao v i sU ket hgp tQ nhieu ben lien quan trong qua trinh d i o tao •
Tai lieu tham khdo
1. Duong Thj Nu, (2005), A study on effective ways to teach ESP to enhance comprehension of sec- ond year students at Law faculty - Vietnam National University, MA Thesis, College of Foreign Languag- es, Hanoi
2. Emmanuel Atanda Adeoye, (2006), Curncu- lum development: theory and practice, Lagos: Na- tional Open University of Nigeria.
3. Hutchinson, T. and Waters, A. (1987), En- glish for Speeific Purposes: A Learning - Centred Ap- proach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
4. Nguyen Vu Bich Hien, (2012), "Cae xu hudng phat trien chUdng trinh dao tao theo quan diem lay ngQdi hgc lam trung tam", Tgp ehi khoa hgc, 57, 148-155.
5. Pham Thj Huyen, (2Q\'\), Xdy dUng CTDT Bgi hgc theo dinh hudng mdi nhdm ddp dng nhu edu xd hgi, Hdi thao toan qudc Giao due Oai hgc Viet Nam - Hdi nhap Qudc te. H i Ndi: Oai hgc Qudc gia HCM.
6. Tony, D.E & Maggie St. J, (1998), Develop- ments in ESP- A Multi-disciplinary Approach. Cam- bridge University Press
7. Tran Khanh DUc, (2009), Phdt tnen ehuang trinh ddo tgo, H i Ndi.
N g i y n h a n b i i : 03/6/2016 N g i y phan bien: 20/6/2016 N g i y d i n g : T h i n g 6/2016
