D N N N vu-dn ra "bien Idn":
Nhin tff Viettel
LE DOAN HOAN*
Sffc ep cua tid'n trinh h6i nhSip dang buoc cac doanh nghidp nha ntfdc (DNNN) ndi chung, cac t$p doan nha ntfdc ndi ridng phai d^y nhanh qua trinh tai ctf cS'u, nSng cao nang Itfc canh tranh cua minh de cd thi vffng vang ra "bid'n Idn". Tap doan Viin thdng QuSn ddi (Viettel) da va dang nd Itfc vtfdn ra cludm ITnh nhiJng thi trtfdng mdi.
SLfc EP LC(N T C H O I NHAP Dff kidn, trong 2 nam tdi, Vidt Nam cd the se ky kdt cdc hiep dinh kinh td' ldn, nhff: Hidp dinh Dd'i tde xuydn Thdi Binh Dffdng (TPP), Cdng ddng kinh te Ddng Nam A (AEC), Hidp dinh Kinh td' toan didn Khu vffc (RCEP) giffa khd'i ASEAN vdi 6 ctfdng qud'c kinh td' 6 chau A, hay Hidp dinh Thffdng mai tff do gitta Viet Nam vdi Lidn minh chdu Au.
Nhttng hidp dinb nay khdng chi se Idm thay ddi can ban mffc do hdi nhap qude td' cua ndn kinh te' Vidt Nam, md edn cd the tao ra nhieu thay dd'i ve mat kinh td' chinh tri trong nffdc, trong dd cd nhieu va'n de lidn quan den vi thd' va quyen Iffc cua cac doanb nghidp nha nffdc.
Dac bidt, ttong hidp dinh TPP cd mdt chffdng ve doanh nghiep nha nffdc [DNNN). 0 chffdng nay, TPP khdng ddi lidi cac nffdc phai tff nhan hda hay Viet Nam la cd phin hda cae DNNN, cung Ididng gidi ban quy md DNNN la bao ihidu, md chi nhdn manh theo hffdng:
;i) Yeu clu DNNN eanh ttanh binh ddng /di doanh nghidp tff nhdn (bao gdm ta't :a DNNN, chff khdng ehi DNNN thffdng nai nhff cam kd't WTO); (ii) Nhd nffdc didng trd cap cho DNNN; (iii) Minh
>ach hda quan ly DNNN. Nglm y cua juy dinh nay Id nham md ra kha nang
;anh tranh giffa DNNN cua cdc nffdc vdi :ae doanh nghidp cua Hoa Ky ra't manh rdn cac linh vtfc, nhtf: vidn tiidng, dich 'u phan mdm...
Npi dung cam kd't ndi tren dat ra hdch thffc vd the che kinh te:
(i) Cd chi "xin-cho" hoanh hanh mot
thdi gian dai da lam xua't hidn "khu vffc kinh td'dia td"
(rent-seeking) thu ldi nhd cdc dac quyen/ddc quyen kinh doanh. Vide xda bd tinh ttang nay dang gap nhieu trd Itfc do sffc y ldn cua nhidu DNNN va cdc nhdm ldi ich hffdng ldi tff cd che' nay.
(ii) Chd'dp quan tri cua DNNN 6 nffdc ta nhin chung cdn chiu anh hffdng cua tan dff cd che quan lieu, chffa quan tam dd'n eae tidu chud'n, thdng Id qud'c td' ttong qudn tri doanh nghidp. Do dd, minh bach hda quan ly DNNN dat ra yen can ca'p bach ve doi mdi can ban quan tri cua DNNN.
(iii) Viec dat cac DNNN vao mdi trtfdng canh ttanh
"sdng phang" ttong khi sffc eanh tranh eon ban chd', ne'u khdng cd cdc the che' hd trd (nhff: bao ve canh tranh Idnh manh, chdng ddc quyen, hd ttd khdng vi pham cam ket..), khdng loai trff kha nang b; thau tdm, chi phd'i bdi ddc quyen tff nhdn va/hoae ddc quydn ntfdc ngoai, nha't la trong nhffng ITnh vffc can cd dieu tie't cua Nhd nffde.
Mae du dat ra nhffng thach thffc, nhffng vide thffc hidn cdc cam kd't vd DNNN co thd la mdt dpng life td't, day nbanh hdn tid'n tnnh cai each, nang cao nang Iffc canh ttanh eua DNNN Viet Nam, ttong dd cd Viettel.
VIETTEL: T\J DUY VA TAM NHIN TOAN CAU Sau 25 nam, Viettel da ttfng btfdc trtfdng thanh, vtfdn ldn trd thanh Tap dodn kinh td' hang diu Viet Nam, khang dinb vi thd'va uy tin ciia mpt DNNN ttong thdi ky ddi mdi, hpi nhap kinh te'qudc td'.
Xac dinh thi trtfdng trong ntfdc Id cd't ldi, tdn dung, phdt huy td'i da the' manh, ngudn life de md rdng boat ddng ra toan cau, Viettel cung vtfa tiep tuc dly manh kinh doanh vidn thdng trong ntfdc, bao dam hieu qua tdi da, vtfa day manh trien khai kinh doanh truyen hinh cap tdi tffng huyen, tffng xa de phdt trien nganh nghe mdi.
Hidn Viettel cd trdn 50.000 tram thu phat sdng (BTS), gin 180.000 km cap quang, da quang hda gan
ThS., Tap doan Vi^n thong Quan dpi I Email: [email protected]
conomy and Forecast Review
53
NGHIEN CCra - TRAO DOI
100% sd xd tten ca nffde; xay dffng thanh cdng tuydn dffdng true truyen dan nd'i 3 nffdc Ddng Dtfdng; phff sdng 100% cac ddn bidn phdng, vung sau, vung xa, bidn gidi, hai dao; phu sdng thanh cdng dpc bd bid'n ddi hdn 3.000 km vdi ban kinh each bd 100 km. Viettel cung dang cung cap mdt ha tang vidn thdng manh phuc vu Bd Qud'c phdng va cac ddn vi qudn dpi.
Ndm 2013 tie'p tue la I nam khd khan va la nam thtf 3 lidn tid'p tdc dp tdng tttfdng vien thdng cua Viettel cham lai chi cdn khoang 15% (td'c dp tang trtfdng nay chdm hdn 2-3 lln so vdi nhiing nam trtfdc do). Anh htfdng cffa suy thoai toan clu, stf bao hda cua di ddng, suy giam cua cd' dinh va gan day xua't hien dich vu mdi nhtf OTT da lam xdi mdn doanh thu vidn thdng.
Ddy thtfc stf la thach thffc, nhiftig cung la ddng Iffc va ed hdi 6i Viettel thay ddi ehinh minb, tim cac md hinh kinh doanh mdi, ttm kie'm dich vu vd ldi thd' mdi.
Nam 2013, Viettel hoan thdnh kd' hoach doanh tbu 163,000 ty ddng, ldi nhuan trffdc thud 35.000 ty ddng, tang 25%, sau thud 35%. Dae biet, trong nam 2013, Viettel nop ngan sach 17.500 ty ddng, tang 60% so vdi 2012 va da ddng gdp quan trpng khi ngan sdch qud'c gia bi thdm hut.
Nam 2013 cung ddnh dd'u sff thang Idi trong vtfdn ra dau ttf ngodi bidn gidi Viet Nam eiia Viettel. Viettel da cd mat tai Lao, Campuchia, Haiti, Mozambique vd ehinh thtfc khai tttfdng kinh doanh tai Peru vao nam 2013 va md rdng tie'p tai Tandania, Timo Lexti...
Doanh thu tff boat ddng dau tff ra ntfdc ngoai cffa Viettel trong ndm 2013 da dat 1 ty USD, tang trtfdng 30% so vdi nam 2012. Ldi nhudn ttf boat ddng dau ttf ntfdc ngodi ciia Viettel dat 150 ttidu USD. Hidn Viettel da diu ttf tai 9 ntfdc vdi ddn sd' 170 tridu ddn (gan gd'p ddi ddn so'Viet Nam).
Muc tidu ndm 2014, Viettel se thtfc hien chuyen dich tCf di dpng sang di ddng bang rpng vdi thud bao 3G dtf kie'n tang gd'p ddi. Bdn canh dd, Viettel se chuyen djch tff di ddng sang dau ttf mang cd dinh bang rpng bdng cap quang. Viettel cung ddt chien Itfdc chuyen dich tff dich vu thoai sang dich vu vidn thdng ke't hdp cdng nghd thdng tin di vao mpi iTnh vffc cua ddi sdng xa hdi; trong vdng tff 3-5 nam tdi, dich vu thoai va nhan tin chi cdn chie'm dffdi 40% tdng doanh thu vidn thdng cua Viettel.
Chid'n Iffdc cua Viettel chuyen dieh tff cdng ty vidn thdng ttong nffdc sang cdng ty da qudc gia. Viettel dat mue tidu dd'n ndm 2020 doanh thu ttf thi tiTfdng ntfdc ngoai se ldn hdn ttong ntfde yd Viettel se la I ttong 10 cdng ty vidn thdng ldn nhd't the gidi ve diu Ui" ra ntfdc ngodi va la I ttong 20 cdng ty vidn thdng Idn nhd't the gidi.
Bi QUYET CUA VIETTEL
Trong bdi canh nhffng "qua da'm thep" Vinashin, Vinaline... tan chay, thi Viettel lai dang cd nhffng bffdc di than tdc^, mang hinh anh Viet Nam tdi the gidi.
Thtfc te, mdi den thang 10/2004, Viettel mdi bat dau gia nhap thi trtfdng kinh doanh dich vu vidn thdng di
ddng trong ntfdc. Trtfdc dd, "thu nhdp"
cua Viettel vdn chi Id nhdn thIu lap % eac cdt vi-ba, ang-ten truyen hinh... r6i kidm thdm khai thdc dich vu dien thoai cdng ngbd internet. VoIP. Thd' nhiftig, chi sau 5 nam, Viettel vut ldn trd thanh tap doan hang dau tren thi trffdng vidn thdng;
thtfc hidn ehid'n Iffdc dau ttf ra ntfde ngo^i tai thi trtfdng Campuchia va Lao, d6n_g thdi xiic tid'n tai cdc thi trtfdng chau A, chau Phi va chau My La-tinh; md rpng ngdnh nghd kinh doanh; trien khai cong nghd 3G; ttd thanh tap dodn vidn thdng chii chd't cua dd't ntfdc.
Cd thd ndi, nhffng bi quyd't khien Viettel thanh edng ehinh la kinh nghidm quy giffp cdc DNNN khde cd the vffdu Idn, nang eao ndng Iffc canh tranh de vtfng vang trong hdi nhdp, Cu the Id:
Thff nhd't, coi trgng xdy dung vdn hda doanh nghiep, day mgnh cdc phong trho thi dua:
Hang ndm, phong trao Thi dua Quyi't thdng d Viettel diln ra sdi ndi trdn khap cac mat trdn sdn xua't, kinh doanh, ky thudt, quan ly vd dtfdc trien khai sdu rpng tdi tifng cdn bd, edng nhdn vien d td't di cac ddn vi,
Didu dang Itfu y la, tai Viettel, thi dua trd thdnh bi quyd't cua khoa hpc quan ly, vdi vide doanh nghidp da tinh toan ty mj de do Itfdng mffe dp ddng gdp cua tifng tap the, cd nhan, cti thd hda thanh Iffdng, thffdng va nhffng hinh thffc khen thffdng xffng dang nham vinh danh ngffdi lao ddng, thtfc stf giai phdng sttc lao dpng cua dpi ngu can bd, nhan vien.
Viettel cd nhttng cdn bd mang qudn ham cao nhffng chi giff vi tri khidm ton, cdn can bd mang quan ham thd'p lai dam nhidm cffdng vi ra't cao. Thi dua trong cdng tac can bd vdi cd chd' "thodng", thtfdng xuyen luan chuyen, bo nhiem, thi tuye'n gidm dd'c... da giiip Viettel cd mdi trtfdng canh tranh lanh manh, day Ifii dtfdc nhttng trao Itfu xa'u nhtf "sd'ng lau len lao Idng", cue bd, phai, an phan - thu thtfdng...
Viettel eung la mdt trong nhOiig doanh nghidp kien tri cdc boat dpng
"Ngdy hdi 5- ttfdng". Nhifng nam qua,
"ngffdi Viettel" da cd hang nghin sdng kid'n, y ttfdng vdi td'ng gid tri lam ldi ffdc tinh hdng nghin ty ddng. Vi the, thi dua sang tao trd thdnh mot ITnh vtfc sdi dpng nha't ciia doanh nghidp. Tat ca cdc sdng kid'n dd da khang dinh sffe manh tri tu?
cffa "ngtfdi Viettel", dtfa mang Itfdi dat
54
Kinht^vaDirbiova vtfdt cac tidu ehulnthdng sd'ky thuat quy dinh cffa ngdnh vidn thdng qud'c gia cung nhtf tidu chuan qudc te'.
Thff hai, chon cdng nghe phd hgp:
Thdi diem nam 2002, dtfng trtfdc stf ltfa ehpn giffa cdng nghe CDMA (luc nay la cdng nghd hidn dai) vd cdng nghd GSM (la cdng nghe phu hdp vdi Tap doan), Viettel da "dung cam" chon GSM, Day dtfdc cho Id quyd't dinh tinh tao, ban ITnh vi thtfc td' hidn nay da chffng minh GSM la xu the chu dao cua thd' gidi vdl hdn 80% ngffdi diing trong tdng sd' gan 6 ty thue bao trdn toan thd' gidi. Cung thdi didm dd, mdt so' mang di ddng Iffa chon cdng ngbd CDMA dd'n nay ddu da kbdng thdnh cdng, bi phd san hodc phai tdn kem rat nhieu cbi phi de thay ddi cdng nghd, coi nhff dau tff lai tff dau.
Trong nam 2011, Viettel da thff nghidm thdnh cdng cdng nghd 4G (LTE).
Day la cdng nghe di ddng bang rdng tidn tien nhd't, san sdng cho vide trien khai thffdng mai ttong vai nam tdi. Ben canh dd. Tap doan cung chii dpng lap ddt vd van hdnh ddy chuyen san xuat dien tff, cd kha nang thao tac vdi cdc Hnh kidn didn tff cd kich thtfdc 0,2 mm, nhd nha't trdn thd' gidi. Id tien de quan ttpng cho vide san xua't thie't bi.
Thffba, qudn tri kinh doanh hiiu qud:
Nhttng nam qua, ty sud't ldi nhuan (ldi nhuan sau thud'/vo'n ehu sd hifu) cua Viettel ludn dat trdn 40%, ca biet cd nam dat 100%. Trong linh vffc vien tiidng, ty Id trung binh la 30%. Dieu nay cho thd'y, quan tri kinh doanh eua ddn vi rd't hidu qud.
Day la kd't qua cua vide ffng dung cdng nghd thdng tin mdt each rdng rai, sdu trong mpi khau eiia cdng tdc quan ly, didu hdnh san xua't. Cdng nghd thdng tin cung hinh thanh thdi quen lam vide bai bdn, khoa hpc va cd hd thd'ng trong mdi cdn bp, nhan vidn.
Trong ITnh vifc diu tff ra nffde ngodi, khoa hpc cdng nghe cung ddng vai tro
then ehd't. Tai thi tttfdng khi hau ndng, thid'u dien nhtf Mozambique, Haiti, cdc ky stf cua tap doan da thiet kd' va dp dung thanh cdng bd thu phdt lap ngoai (Remote Unit) hay nhtf tai Peru, cdng nghd SDR cho phep Hnh boat ltfa chon cdng nghd GSM 2G va/hoae UMTS 3G da giup giam ehi phi dau ttf ddng ke.
Thff tu, chgn hudng ddu tudung:
Dd'n nay, Viettel da trd thdnh 1 ttong 30 doanh nghidp vidn thdng ldn nhd't toan clu va cd thi trtfdng qud'c te'hdn 170 trieu dan, Dac bidt, tai Mozambique, Viettel dd ed Idi nhudn chi sau 6 thdng chinh thffc kinh doanh. Vdi hdn 2 tridu thud bao, Movitel (thffdng hidu eua Viettel tai Mozambique) dffdc ddnh gid la dff dn diu tff hidu qua nha't eiia Viet Nam vao chau Phi.
Viettel xac dinh diu tff ra nffdc ngoai la chie'n Iffdc Idu dai va de duy tri stf phdt trid'n ben vffng cua Viettel.
Cd tbi trffdng ldn se tao ra ldi the' ve quy md, chi phi td'i tfu hdn, dieu kidn de tidu thu nhieu hdn san pham ma Viettel san xud't. Thi trtfdng ldn giffp Viettel cd cd hdi md rdng cac ITnb vtfc mdi, nhtf san xua't thid't hi, truyen hinh...
Mat kbdc, viec dau ttf ra ntfdc ngoai cua Viettel cung giiip nang cao vi thd'cua Vidt Nam trdn the'gidi, tao thdm mdi quan he kinh te ben canh quan he chinh tri. The' gidi ngac nhidn khi Viettel dau tff vao nhttng ntfdc ma hp e ngai nhtf Haiti, hay vdo ntfdc giau hdn Viet Nam nhtf Peru. Lanh dao Viettel chi rd, boat ddng diu tffra nffdc ngoai Id xulhd'td't yd'u nd'u doanh nghidp mud'n phdt trie'n ben vffng.
Trong dau tff ra ntfdc ngoai vao ngdnb vidn tbdng, Viettel di sau, vi the', chd "beo bd" khdng cdn. Bi quyd't thdnh edng va tai san ldn nha't ciia Viettel khi ra ntfdc ngoai la kinh nghidm kinh doanh vidn thdng tai thi trtfdng dang phdt trien, kinh nghidm pho cdp dieh vu vien thdng de'n ngtfdi ddn.
Cdng tbffc ciia Viettel khi dau ttf ra nffde ngodi gdi gpn trong may chtf: Dam nghT ldn, dam di va lao ddng sang tao. Dieu nay khdng cd nghTa la Viettel bd qua vide xae dinh rd chie'n Itfdc dau tff, nghien ctfu ky thi trffdng, cd thdng tin day du trffdc khi quye't djnh diu tff, chuan bi ngudn lffe tai chinh va con ngffdi, tao md'i quan he d mffc cao vdi chinh phff cac ntfdc mud'n dau ttf. Dac biel, theo kinh nghidm cua Viettel, doanh nghiep da quyd't dinh dau ttf, thi phai thtfc hien dau ttf nhanh va kidn quyd't. Ddng thdi, cdgang "ttf Itfc cdnh sinh" cdng nhieu cang tdt trong giai doan diu, khdng phu thuoe nhieu vao dd'i tdc ttong cac quan he hdp tac lam an.Q
TAILIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vu Tong hdp kmh td' - Bd Ngoai giao (2014). Nhffng vdn de ddt ra ddi vdi cdi cdch thi che dnh le trang qud trinh hdi nhdp kinh te qudc li, tham luan tai Didn dan Kinh td' mua Xuan nam 1014. Quang Ninh
2. Viettel (2013). Bdo cdo tinh hinh sdn xudt, kinh doanh ndm 2013 vd kehoach ndm 2014 3. Thanh Thiiy (2013). Doanhnghiep ddu tffra nudc ngodi: Bi quyi't cua Viettel, ttuy cap ttf http://
)aodientu.chinhphu.vn/Home/DN-dau-tu-ra-nuoc-ngoai-Bi-quyet-cua-Viettel/20I34/165568.vgp
Lconomy Jnd ForeLJsi Re\iew
