Nim pMa ddng nam thih QuIng

^ Mot so van de ve gia trj

van hoa bien cua ai dan tren huyen dao Van Don, Quang Ninh

T H A N H THU TRANG*

N

i m pMa ddng nam thih QuIng Ninh, Vfin Don lfi huyen dfio cd di$n tich phan b l rdng ldn g i n 600km2, bao gom trdn 600 hdn d i o ldn nhd khfie nhau, n i m trong vinh Bfii Td Long vfi dupc chia thfinh hai q u i n d i o ldn nhd Id Van H i i vd Cfii Bau. H i ^ e n dfio Vfin Don trUde ddy ed h$ t h i n g thUdng cfing quoe t^ vd cflng quan trpng khdng cM v l mfit an ninh quIc phbng md cdn v l mdt Mnh t l dli ngoai, chinh yeu to thuong cang nfiy dfi gdp p h i n dinh Mnh nen cfic gifi tri vfin hofi b i l n d day. Van D i n lfi vimg dat ed vi t h l dia - cMin lUtfe ve mfit quoc phbng an ninh, dia - kinh te', vd dia - vfin hofi, trong dd yeu t l ' vfin hod b i l n Id ylu to ddc tntag oja lich sd phfit t r i l n cua cfl dfin ntfi ddy.

Cho den nay, nhQng di s i n vdn hofi biln cua cfl dan Vfin D i n v l n dfltfc b i o t i n , t i y nMen eung c i n phai cd quy hoach vd xfiy ditag cMin lUtfc phdt t r i l n trong h6i efinh mdi, n h i t lfi kM dfit nUdc dang thue d l y m a n h me "CMd'n lUtfc b i l n Yi^t Nam den nfim 2020".

1. V S n D d n t r o n g c a i n i d n d i a - v d n h o a

Ten gpi Vfin D i n cd nguIn gd'c tfl ten niu Van (niii cd may phu), Idng Van vfi n i m trong vi tri cMen lUtfc quan trpng eua vung b i l n ddng b i c t l quIc, ndn ntfi day eung sdm cd D i n Van. Do dd, vung dat ndy da dUtfc n h i n dan gpi gdp nui Vdn vfi D i n Van thfinh Vfin Don. Ten gpi Van Don xuat Men l l n d i u tidn trong Uch sd Vidt Nam lfi vfio thdi Ly (1010-1225). Ben eanh dd, xdt tfl kMa canh dia - qufin sif vfi dia - Mnh te, tfl thdi Ly, nhd nUdc phong Men cua quoe gia Dai Viet da c6 y thdc manh me ve vi t h l cua vitag b i l n Ddng Bic vd tilm nfing phfit t r i l n cua vflng biln dfio.

D l k h i n g dinh ehu quyln vd b i o vd an ninh Mnh t l dli ngoai, vua Ly Anh Tdng da eho thfinh Igip tiang Van D i n d l md mang buon b i n vdi cfic nfldc tiong khu vifc, dong thdi cung de tifinh sfl nhbm ngd cua khdch thUtfng kM vdo sfiu trong dat Uin.

Thuong cang Vfin Don lfi mot t n i r ^ tfim mau dieh giao Iflfl budn bfin ldn eua nfldc ta vdi cae nfldc Ddng Nam A c l dai, gifl vai

* Ths. Thfinh Thu Trang, TrUdng Dai hpe Lao ddng Xa h^i

64 Nghiin cihi Ddng Nam A 7/2015 trb quan tiong tiong cac hoat ddng kinh t l

doi ngoai eua nude ta tfl the 1 ^ XI d i n t h l 1^ XVn. Cho nen, ngMen dta lam ro cac gifi tri vfin hofi bien cua cfl dfin Vfin Don khdng cM dtfn thuan la eung cap lufin chttag khoa hoc d l i vdi nhfin thfle v l mdt truyin tfidng biin va van hod biin cua ngfldi Viet, ma ebn gdp p h i n lfim ro htfn truyin thong chd'ng gidc ngoai xfim anh htmg va tfl duy cMln Iflpc eua ede bfic minh qudn d i t Viet tiong lieh sd.

Cfl dfin Vfin Don ed the eoi Id net "gach nli" trong qud trinh phdt trien tfl dat Uen tid'n ra biln. Nhflng cu dfin Ifi'n b i l n do fip liic dfin s i d dong bang chau tho qua ldn, cbn ed khdng it nhflhg ngudi ra bien vdi mue dich tran gifl bien l i eua T l quIc. Lfiu d i n hp trd thanh ngfldi cMnh gd'c b dfiy, sinh con de cdi, ldm dn vfi phdt tiien cho den tan bay gid. Dd Id mpt thflc td' ro rdng khdng ai ed t h l phu nhan dUtfc b vung biln pMa Bie. Vl ehinh quyen, cfic triiu dai phong Min xUa eung rat eoi tipng vfin de b i o vp bien gidi pMa Bae vd pMa Ddng, Ifip ra dtfn vi tiln don vfla de tifi'n l i , vfla d l ldm dn budn bdn.

Trang Vfin Don ehinh thfle khai md ddn thuyin budn cfic nude Trao Oa, Ld Lae, Xidm La...den giao thuong dong thdi "de mua bfin hang hofi quy, dang tiln san vat dia phUdng". Ten gpi Van Don bat dau xult Men trong lich sd Viet Nam tfl dfiy. Id mdt khu vflc hdnh ehinh cd pham vi tUtfng doi rdng ldn, vdi nguon lpi vfi cfic boat dpng giao thuong qud'c te k h d r ^ cM da gdp p h i n khuyen kMch sii tfing trudng kinh te trong nUde, mfi edn md rdng tam Men vfin vd tU duy chinh tri khu vifc cua Dai Viet. D i n

thdi T r i n ehinh q i ^ l n Thdng Long edng CO y thfle manh me v l vung bien Ddng bic tior^ cMIn lupc bao vd an ninh vfi lpi ich kinh te. Vdi vide doi Trang thfinh Trin (1349 dudi thdi vua T r i n Du Tdng) Vfin Don da tid thdnh mpt dfic khu Mnh te' vdi mpt hd t h i n g cdc b i n cang, khu dinh cfl, thu phu hfinh chinh, dilm Mlm sodt tfiu thuyen, hang hofi thu t h u l vfi cfin cd phbng vd. Vdo thdi Tran, trdn nMlu dao b Van Don da cd cdc khu dinh eU tUdng dd'i tru mfit. Vi nhu clu phfit t r i l n vd eude song, b Vfin D i n cung da xuat Mdn nMlu di tich Uch sd, Md'n true tdn gido vfi cfic khu khai thfic, ehe b i l n hai san...

Hoat ddng Udn tue trong sudt 7 t h l ky, Vfin D i n lfi thuong c i n g ldn cd vai tid hit sfle quan trpng doi vdi sii phfit t r i l n Mnh te', thiet Ifip vd md rdng cfic md'i bang giao cua nude ta. Cde b i n g chttag lieh sd cho t h i y , trong thd' di ldn cua m^t qud'c gia d^c Ifip, dfldi firdi hfio quang cua nhttag chiln cdng M i n hfich trong cfic eu|e cMd'n chd'ng ngoai xam, ddnh bai nMlu d l c h i Idn, quIc gia Dai Vidt da k h i n g dinh dfltfc vi t h l cua minh trong cfic md'i bang giao khu vflc.

Trong nMlu the ky. Van Don khdng ehi Id mdt trung tam ldnh t l dd'i ngoai quan trpng bde n h i t .

Khfic vdi cfic thUdng cfing ven sdng hay Mnh thfinh d vung cda sdng. Van Din Id mpt efinh biln. Tinh chat biln, dai dfltfng eua thuong d n g Vfin D i n r i t diln Mnh*^'.

T r i i qua qufi trinh phfit t r i l n eua lieh sd, cu dan ntfi dfiy da dan Mnh thfinh nen cdc gifi tri ddc tning cua vfin hofi biln. Ld cfl ddn s i n g ven b i l n vd tien biln, cfic edng dong cfl dfin khu vUc ndy dfi sdm b i l t khai

Thdnh Thu Trang - Mgt sd vdn de ve gid tri vdn hoa biin eda cu ddn... 65 thfic cfic nguIn lpi tfl biln, xde ldp ldn n i n

Mnh te b i l n g i m Itfi dung khm thfic b i l n vd phat t r i l n thUtfng mai biln. Tfl trong mdi trudng sd'ng d6, cac dde tinh xa hpi - vdn hofi, tri thde, Mnh ngMdm di biln, Meu bidt v l ngfl tnfdng, v l cfic nguIn tM nguyen I n tfing trong I d i ^ biln. Dong thdi, eU dfin Van Don cung da the Men tinh than vfi truyen t h i n g Men trong cfic l l hdi, sinh hoat vfin hofi g i n Uen vdi mdi trudng bien, vdi truyin thd'ng hfio hiing cua lich sd ching gific ngoai xam. D i n g thdi, chung ta cung ed t h l k h i n g dinh rang, lich sd vdn hofi dfin tdc Vidt Nam cd mdt truyin thdng hUdng biin va nin v&n fiod biin, truyin thong dd den nay vdn dfltfc nhfin dfin hujren d i o Van D i n tilp noi va phfit huy trong mdi khung eanh xd hdi va moi tnfdng vfin hofi mdi.

2. K h a i q u a t q u a t r i n h h l n h t h a n h , p h a t t r i e n v a IiAi giii! c a c g i a t r i v d n h o a b i e n & V a n D 6 n h i p n n a y

Cfic le t i t , hpi he trong ndm d Vfin Don mang dam dau an cua bien vfi ddi vdi ngfldi di biln. Do phai doi mfit vdi nMeu trd ngai cua tMen nMen, nen quan mem c a i ^ cau khan dflpc nMeu stf bao trp bao nMeu cdng tot bay nMeu, vi the vdo dip Id lat, hpi hb, ngUdi dfin thfldng tdp trung cdng t l cfic vi than linh. Ddc Met, vao nhflhg dip hpi ldn cua Ifing, thfldng vfio nhting dip diu mua vu, npJdi di bien e l n mpt nfim hanh thdng may m i n dfltfc mua cfi, thufin Itfi thdi tilt, ndn thfldng to chde vipe elu khan. Dfl di dau lfim ^ tM ngudi t a eung cd' ve lang d l dif l l h^i- Mdt so ylu t l vdn hofi bien d Vln E>6n M$n nay, tieu bieu nhfl sinh boat vfin

hofi tin ngudng eua cfl dfin Van D i n khu vuc Quan Lan nhfl Hdi lang Quan Lan, thd thdnh hoang l a r ^ la Khdng Lp TMin SU, Tran Khanh Du, Tu vi thdrdi nUtfng, ba anh em dudi trUdng Tran Khfinh Dfl la Pham Cdng Chinh, Pham Quy Cdng va Pham Thuan Dung, v.v.

Mdt trong nhitag net vdn hod tidu bieu cho t m ngfldng vfin hofi b i l n cua efl dfin Van Don, dd la vide cfl dfin Quan Lan thd thliy than, dfiy lfi mpt tin ngUSng c6 y nghifl vd cung quan tipng. (Hu dfin Quan Lan thd "Dgi cdn qudc gia Nam Hdi td vi tdn thdn" hay ebn gpi lfi tfl vi Thfinh Nuong. Theo sfich Viit diin u minh, Link Nam chinh qudi va theo truyen thiryet tM td vi Tbfirib Nuong la thfii hfiu bp Dtftfng vd ba cdr^ ehua con vua Td'ng De Binh.

Cud'i men Meu Trung Huhg (1278-1279) qufin T i n g bi quan Mdng Co danh tan d Nhai Stfn, vua Td'r^ dem gia quyen va be tdi len thuyen trd'n ra Men. Bi duli gap, vua tdi phai nhay xud'ng b i l n tU td, xfie cua thfii hdu vd ba cdng chua trdi vdo cfla Cdn, dupe dfin chfii chdn cat dflhg midu thd gpi lfi Den Cdn. Mieu tUtfhg truyin rat tMeng thfldng phfl hp cho ngfldi di Men. Cho nen dan chfii dpc bd bien nUde ta ndi chung vfi dan Quan Lan ndi ridng deu lap mieu thd.

Tai dinh Quan Lan Mdn nay edn lifu gifl s i c phong cua vua Minh M a i ^ gia tdng eho td vi Id thUtfng dang than danh Meu

"Dgi cdn qudc gian Nam hdi fidm fiodng quan dgi chi ddc". Sau dd vua TMeu Tri s i c phong them hai chfl "Pho bao" vfio nfim 1846f2>.

Khdng cM vfiy, b ndi Cao Stfn cung dupe tich hdp vfio tiong hd t h i n g cfic vi t h i n ndi

66 Nghien edu Ddng Nam A 7/2015 day. Theo phong tue, ngU dfin tnidc kM r a

bien thUdng den le tai rmd'u Cao Sdn, xm dm dm dfltfng, than eho di tM dfltfc ngdy, t h i n khdng eho di la khdng dUpc. Ro rdng, vide thd phung cac vi than Men b ntfi day Id dilu de Mlu, song trong he t h i n g cdc vi t h i n l y ed sU tieh hpp nhttag nhan than, thidn than gan bd mat tMet vdi cudc s i n g eua con ngUdi, sfl hofi hpp gida cfic ylu td' bien tidi, nui nflde.. dfi tao ndn mdt ddi song tdm linh vd ctmg phong phfl, md mue dich euli cflng cung la clu mong nhitag ehuyd'n ra khcd b^i thu vd binh an, cau mong mpt eude song td't dep.

Bdn canh dd, tuc thd bd Hang cua cfl dfin ncfi day ettag dang lflu y. Tin ngudng phon thflc ed tfl thdi nguydn thuy von Id dfic tntag cua vfin hoa ndng ngMdp de duy tri vd phat t r i l n sU sing, d l mfla mfing tuoi tot. Nhitag b Quan Lan eua Vfin Don thi lai d l cao yd'u to "difdng" nham che chd bao vd eon ngUdi trfldc dai dflong bao la nMlu nguy Mem. Tm ngfldng phon thfle dd'n nay cM ebn ton tai duy rdilt d tue thd cung trfldc kM nho neo eua ngfl dan Quan Lan, dde biet lfi eU dfin xdm le Hai Yin.

Htfn nfla, cfl dfin nfli dfiy cbn t l chflc Id ra binh dau nfim, dd lfi sau khi dn t i t , tuy tflng dbng hp, titag gia ffinh ehpn ngfiy, thdng thfldng Id mung 6 hode mflng 8 tet ldm 11 ra binh (ngM l l r a biln) tdc Id ngfiy quay mtii thuyen di ldm dn. Tnfdng ddng hp vfi ehu m l i gia dinh lfim l l cung "ra binh" roi cung chfeo thuyin di ddnh cfi d nhuhg ncd dfi dinh s i n . L l cflng ra binh dfltfc ngudi dfin thiic Mdn b Cao Son t h i n mieu, mpt so xdm le tfip trung, d mieu bd Hang. Vat cung bao gid cflng cd thuyin

cheo bang vfing ma d l tiln cflng cfic t h i n , t h l mang cho ngu dfin, cau mong cho sU che chd, thuan buom xudi gid, mong mpt nfim mdi bdi thu tdm cfi. Hidn nay II ra binh diu nfim van dupe gifl, song vdi kinh ngMdm dfinh b i t tM ngfiy ra binh c6 t h l dflpc lua chpn trong nMeu ngfiy hcfn, c6 nhflhg gia (hnh ra b i l n tfl mting 2 tdt hode r i t mudn, d l tianh viec trflng qua nMlu ngfldi ra bien ldm bien ddng.

Ngodi ra, ngudi dfin Van Don ebn ed Li cdu binh - nghe darih cfi riMlu rui ro bat tile, phue thudc nMlu vfio tU nMdn. Biln nudi sd'ng con ngUdi cung cd the n h l h cMm eon ngudi. Do do, mflng 6 d i n mung 10 t h i n g gieng dm Uch, ngfl dfin Quan Lan lam le clu binh. Cdc gia dinh ngfl dfin di le d h l u h i t cac dinh chua d l xm sfl binh ydn, ehe ehd hofic ddn gian d l eau may.

Trong Id elu binh, thi cfic thd' lUc sieu nMen thUdng dUtfc de eao nhU Dai cdn quIc gia Nam Hai, Cao Son than mieu, cdc Thdnh Mau, v.v.

Bdn canh nhflhg di sfin vat the vd pM vat the tien d i o Uen quan dd'n biln, tM lihOhg tri thdc ve Men (hay nhflhg kinh ngM$m dfin gian v l biln) eua cfl dfin vung Van Don tflcmg dli phong phu. Chang ban nhu tri thfle v l lieh eon nfldc lfi yd'u t l vd eimg quan trprig. Qua lieh con nfldc, ngfl dfin bilt dfltfc quy lufit cua nfldc, eua biln tiong khung thdi gian nhat dinh, tfl dd tinh dupe ngdy "nUde smh", "nUdc ditag", "nUdc rdng" d l tinh todn eho edng vide dfinh bit.

Bdn eanh vide n i m b i t Uch con nudc, ngU dan cbn phai cdn efl vdo tinh Mnh thdi t i l t kM hfiu de t m h chuydn lfim dn. Ngudi ta thudng quan sat bau tidi, mdt nudc, gid cdc

Thdnh Tku Trang - Mdt sSvdn de vk gid tri vdn fwa bien cua cudan.. 67 con sdng, dbng chfiy vfi sU xult Mdn cua cdc

sinh vfit d l du dofin thdi tidt.

Nhitag tri thdc b i l n cua ngudi dfin Van Don dupc phan finh khfi rd tiong eae hoat dpng l l hOi, qua dd cung phan finh khfi phong phu v l vfin hofi bien, vfi dfiy eiii^ lfi dip de ho gia tfing tinh d ket cpng d l r ^ eu dfin eua minh. Trong mdt nfim, ngdy tet quan trpng nhfit Id Tet Nguyen dfin. Neu nhfl ngfldi dfin tien bd ehuin bi fin tdt tfl 23 thfing Chap tM nMlu ngfl dfin v l n ra biln dfinh b i t cd tom d l tieh trfl dtmg tiong t i t . CMlu 30 T i t hp thudng cung Hfi Bd, cdc le v|it sau kM cung xong thudng dupc tha xuIng biln. Sau ba ngfiy tet, ngu dfin r i t coi trpng ngdy II ra bmh. Dd Id ngdy tot, ngu dan thudng dd'n ngU trUdng gin, dfinh m^t hai mS ludi l l y ngdy, nd'u dupc nMlu tdm cfi tM coi nhU khdi diu mdt nfim dfinh b i t thufin Itfi. D i n g thdi, nhttag ngfiy t l ehflc l l hOi, ludn luon g i n vdi nhitag sinh hoat tin ngUdng vd nghe thufit nhu te' le, rUde xfich, dua tdi (pho b i l n d ven bien Id dua thuyen), hfit hb, v.v. B i n g vdo vide tham gia nhitag sinh boat ay, mdi thfinh vidn trong cdng d i n g Ifing Men dflpc giao luu, tid'p xflc vdi nhau, thdt chdt tinh dodn ket, cflfl mang thdng cam, gidi bdy cung nhau cho bo nhttag r^dy lenh ddnh trdn biln. Dong thdi, bfing vfio vide dd eung lfi rdn luydn tinh t l chde, 1^ luat cho cfic thdnh vidn trong r ^ h l biln, nhfl mdt cuOe tfip dfltft tay nghe, truyin day kinh ngMdm m^t cfich vitag vdng cho mdi thfinh vidn.

Khdng cM vfiy, tiong rat nMeu cfic phong tuc tap qufin Uen quan de'n bien, ettag nhfl n g h i di Men, ngfldi dfin noi day

ebn luu gifl dUdc riMlu phong tue, nMlu dilu Meng ky dac trurig. Chang han nhu, trUde kM r a Men, ngfl dfin d Quan Lan thudng thap hUtfng tai nhfi, xud'r^ thuyin lai dot vang ma roi rac tro xuong b i l n clu mdt mua cfi bdi thu va yen lanh. Vi rat quy r ^ u l n nUde ngpt, nen cae gieng nfldc tiong vung thfldng dupe tMeng hod, ndn cd tue ngU dfin tnidc kM ra b i l n den uong nflde d gid'ng C^oi de clu may man.

Ngdy ddng thuyen - ha thuy cung cd r a t nMlu dieu Meng ky bdi ddi sd'ng ngfl ddn d day gan Uen vdi eon thuyin. Thuyin la phuong tidn di lai. Id edng eu danh b i t . Do dd kM khdi edng ddng thuyen vd ha thuy, ngU dan diu xem ngfiy, chpn ngfiy tdt, hpp vdi t u l i cua chu quyen. Nhitag ngfiy nfiy, ngU dan deu cflng khan gia tidn, dfic bidt ngfiy ha thuy cbn cung vua hfi bfi ,tai noi thuyin xuong nflde de xin than sdng b i l n biet tdn mat thuyin, eho phep thuyin lUU thdng tien dia phan em quan cua vua hd bfi dupe binh an. KM phat mdc, ddng ldn miii thuyen mfi ed ngUdi deo tang cha me di qua tM cMec thuyin l y phai bo di. Khi ha thuy Mdng khong eho phu nfl ddt chdn len dau tien. Phu nd dang thai nghen ettag khdng dupc bfldc ldn mtii thuyin.

Khdng ai dflpc dai, tieu tidn d chinh gifla thuyen (do quan mem mui thuyen lfi bd m a t cua thuyen; mac dfl thfldng tM ngfl dan sinh boat ngay tien thuyen, ndn cd cau: dn ddng ldi, ddi ddng mui). KM dfinh b i t dfldc nMeu tM Mdng khdng noi "cfi ddng nMeu qufi". KM di Ifim, thay hdn dat tidn niu rtfi xud'ng tM quay ve vi eho dd Id d i l m xau, v.V.

Them vfio dd, nhdng di sdn vdn fiod

Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 7/2015

biin trong tdm thdc ngUdi ddn Vdn DSn hiin nay tuang ddi phong phd dfltfc the Men ro tiong ca dao, tue r ^ , phfltfi^ ngdn, v.v. Of dfin Van Don co hang loat phflflng ngdn, tuc ngfl Udn quan den vung b i l n vfi nghe biln. C h i n g ban nhfli "Bdn rugng ddu cdu, &n ddu cd ddi". Cd kM cM la mpt tong k i t gian di nhfl: "Bdc long vi fidm, ndm Wng vi sdm" (mua gid bac. Men thfldng Idr^ ve cMeu. Mua gid Nam, bien Ifing lfle buli sang sdm). Hoac cd khi cM la k i t tmh bao quan sfit ve: Bfio chfld d i n , bien htfi ddng Id luc cfi xd vfio gan bd, cd the eho thuyen ddnh lihanh mot hai me lfldi de thu hoach ldn, sau dd la phai tim chB eho thuyen tifinh bao, vdo dpi tan bao, biln t h i t ydn mdi dflpc dfinh cfi, nhfl cau: "Ddu dpng, cudc yin". Ding thdi, ngfldi dan di biln ndi dfiy d i r ^ tong kdt: "dang dai, ckdi rpn^ mdi mong dUpc nMeu ea.

Vdi ngudi di bien, kinh nghidm sdng nUdc that su lfi Id s i n g cbn, ndn tuc ngfl, phuong ngon nghe bien khdng nhitag nMeu, md ebn ldi le h i t sfle manh me, quylt Uet, tha tMet vfi ddt khoat. Cd nhitag cfiu nhfl tidu dua bang su choi chfl nhung thue chat la nhitag kinh ngMdm quy bfiu cho ngudi di bien nhu: "Mdng mUdi thdng ba, giB cfia thdng Ngheo;

Mudn &n cd ngheo, thi chgy ra kkai".

Thfing ba, da sang xufin mfiy quang, trdi sfing, n i n g am, dfin lfim n ^ e bien sau dtft ngM tet vfi hpi he dai, da nong long m u l n ra khtfi xa. NhUng hay coi chimg, mong mUdi thfing ba thudng ed dtft gid manh rat nguy Mem. C h i n g biet thUe hU chuydn ngfiy gii cha t h i n g Ngheo, chuydn cfi nghdo (thupc hp cfi mfip) hay chuydn

"ngodo" t h a t hay khong md bao ddi nay cfiu phuong ngdn nhU mdt bfii vb v l n dUtfc luu truyin.

Vung bien gifla vinh Ha Long vfi Bfii Td Long kha rpng. d day cd hbn dfla chdi vtfi gifla sdng gid. PMa ngodi, d i o ehay dli, tiong bd Id day nui dd Quang Hang Iflhg Iflng, kM tidi gidng bao, cho n i y thfldng sdn^ gid rat manh, thuyin qua dfiy phai h i t sdc can thfin: "Kin Dua thi sdng, trdng dua thi chii^. Hay Idch vfio khe nfli d l khdng nMn thfiy hbn Dua (Mn Dua), nlu xem thudng di ra c h i tiing, cd t h l gfip nguy Mem tinh mang. Ben canh dd, cd nhong cdu tuc ngfl, phfldng ngdn ve eon ngfldi, s i n vfit, ve dfldng fin l l d nhfl: "(jdi Liiu Mai, trai Vdn Ddn".

Hon nfla, kdt cheo diidng ebn gpi lfi hfit vi, hfit veo, bfit do - giang.. cflng cd kM gpi lfi hb bien. Dfiy lfi m^t loai hinh vfin nghd ddn gian truyin t h i n g , 11 Hi hfit giao duyen ddc s i c theo dang d l i dfip gifla hai bdn tiai gfii cua ngU ddn vflng sdng nUde Van Don. Hfit chbo dudng diln ra r i t tU nMdn gifla cdc t h u y i n cua ngU dan. Cudc hfit cd the dien r a tidn thuyin, dUdi bin sdng, t r o r ^ ngay hdi dinh Ifing vfi thfim cM Id tiong cac dam eUdi Mpn nay. O dd, cdu hdt vang ldn mdt cfich t u nWdn, dur^

di nhu ldi tfim tanh tba t M l t . Qua ldi hfit, ngudi ta giai bdy tfim sif vfi tim nhttag tdm hon dong dieu. GiOa vung non x£mh nfldc bide nhitag kM chung ben, ehung bd, nhitag kM buong neo, ehd gid, dpi nfldc, thuyin nfiy gpi hfit, thuyin Ma ddp ldi:'

"Trin mdy sa, dUdi fibn Gd Cfigi; Ank hdt cdu ndy anh ggi ndng ra, nhiing Jdi minifc fidt dim qua; Dim nay fiat nda mem ra fidt

2, Thanh Thu Trdng - Mgt sd vdn de ve gid tri vdn fioa cda cu ddn.. 69 cdng, flat cfio con gai bo cfiong; Ddn dng bo

vg, ng ddng bo con,...'^^^.

Ngoai, ra nhttag cfiu ea dao eua ngfldi dfin ntfi day cung mang dam t;inh chdt biln nhu: "Cfidng Id trai gida biin khai, cd ddu cfldng ke mdy ldi cfio fiay; Cd gi md lgi biit bay?, Cd gi phun nUdc lin mdy fidi chdng; Cd gi do mUc toi tdm, cd gi meo mieng chi ndm mpt bin; Cd gi md fiod tfidnh chim, Cd gi cfiong vg ndi chim cdng nhau; Cd gi chua ddnh dd dau, cd gi chi d bun sdu fidi cfidng..." Dap lai r i n g : "Anh la trai gida biin kfiai, Lgng nghe ank ddp mdy ldi ndng fiay; Cd chuSn md lgi biit bay, Cd dng pkun nUdc lin mdy fidi ndng;

Cd mUc dd mi^ toi tdm, Tfidn ban meo mieng chi ndm mgt bin; Cd mdi md fiod thdnh chim. Con sam cfiong vg nSi chim cdng nhau; Cd gdu ckua ddnk dd dau, Cd nhick cki d bun sdu fidi ndng..."*^* Ben canh dd, cd nhitag bdi ca dao phan finh sU nguy M l m va vat va cua n g h i di bien nhu:

'BuSn trdng ddng noi ddng ddng, Gid thi ngiB3c gio thuyin cfiong thi xa, Dd lo vdn ndt thuyin fid, Lai lo mdt noi phong ba thuyin cfiSng". Nhitag, cung ed nhitag bfii ca dao the Men tinh t h i n lae quan, tam h i n rdng md nhu; "Anh Id con trai thuyin ngki, Tdi di budng li6ii, sdng vi ddu cfiai, Thuyin ke bdi cdt tfidnh thai, Non xanh, niidc biic, mdy trdi md vui."

Tat ca nhflhg phong tuc t^p qufin, nhiihg M e r ^ ky nfiy, ed dilu cd t h l ly giai dupc, c6 dieu dupc ngudi dfin thfle Men nhu mdt thdi queai, t a p tuc, song diu chung mpt muc dich, dd Id cau m o r ^ mdt cupe song binh an, thufin hod, mdt vu mua iwi t h a

E ^ t l u a n

Cb the ndi rang, eac gifi tri vdn hoa huyen dao Van Don mang dam tinh chfit Men dao, yeu to nfiy dUtfc hinh thfinh vfi phdt t r i l n mdt each Uen tue vd trd thanh mdt trong nhflhg net dde tntag eua vdn hofi dfin tpe - van hofi Men. Dong thdi, do mdi trUdng bien d day kMin cho ngUdi dfin bao ddi da tieh luy dflpc nhdng tri thfle dfin gian ve bien, va dieu nay da dflpc nhOhg ngfldi dan d day ngan ddi trai n ^ u d m , due k i t va cbn tid'p tue lam gifiu co, phong phu them cho den nay. Bdn canh dd, ddi sd'ng vfin hoa tren h i ^ e n dao Van Don dfi tao ra mdt didn mao van hofi ridng cua minh, nhung cung nfim trong ddng chay chung cua n i n vdn hoa dfin tdc Viet Nam. Dien mao ridng ay dupe dinh Mnh bdi nhitag ye'u td' dia ly ddc thu eua mdi trfldng dia - vdn hofi. Chinh vi vay, vdn hofi bien vdi yeu to iili dao vfi bien, tao ndn sfl da dang trmig t h o r ^ nhat cua nen vdn hod Viet Nam trong bd'i canh Men dai^.

C H U T H I C H

1. Nguyin Vdn Kim, Van Bon - Thi&mg cdng quoc ti cda Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hoc Qud'c gia Hd Npi, 2014, ti.38.

2. Phan Huy Chu, (1961), Lich triiu Hiin diuang logi chi, tap 3, Nxb Sfl hoc, Hd Npi, ti.562.

3. Uy- ban Nhan dfin tinh Quang Ninh, Dia chi Qudng Ninh, tdp 3, Nxb Chinh tri QuIc gia, Hd Npi, 2001, ti.303.

4. Uy ban Nhfin dan tanh Quar^ Ninh, Dia cki Qudng Ninh, tap 3, Nrf> Chinh tri QuIc gia, Hfi Ndi, 2001, ti.l71.