Quan ly rac thai
d THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
Quan ly rac th^i sinh hoat
Quan ly rae sinh hogt (chat thii rin) la mdt van de thupe loai can flu tien hang d TPHCM, iupng rac thai sinh ra hang ngiy tai TP. HCM khoang 7000 tan, (rae phat tfl eie khu dan cU; khu thUdng mgi; cdng sd, trUdng hpe, edng trinh cdng cdng; kht I dflng...) trong dd khoang 6500 t i n rae thai se dupe thu gom va van chuyen len cac
chdn li'p cua thanh phd, phan cdn lai se dflpc tai che va t i i sfl dung.
NGUYJN OANG SdH I Hien nay, thinh phd d i dim bao 100% Iflpng rac t h i i khu vfle ndi thanh deu dUdi /ien Nghien ct?!/ Do liy gom, trong do 95% thu trUc tiep tfl cac hd d i n va 5% edn lai thu gom dpc theo cac ti
& Plijt irien HJ tang. dudng, cac bd rac, cac thflng rac cdng cdng, vdt rac tren kenh. Tai khu vye ngoai th cd khoang tfl 85-90% khdi Iflpng rac dflde thu gom, xfl ly trfle tiep tfl cac hp dan. So Igi dupe cac hp dan tg xfl ly lim phin bdn hoac chdn li'p trong vudn nha. Tudng tu chi't thai rin yte, tai cic benh vien, cac trung tam ldn, ty le thu gom dat 100%. Co cae phdng kham nhd le, tu nhan, ty le thu qom dat 85-90%.
Dhit dien 5,6% v i chdn lap l i 69
ianh phin compost dat 24°/;
i^: ''1^*;-^.e
a
,XD S269 !014 3 3phit trien thfle hidn tfl Iiu. Bdi day ia bien phap quan trpng de tidt kiem tai nguyen bio ve mdi trudng.
Tgi Viet Nam dinh hudng phit trien ben vflng eung xac dinh quin ly- chat thii l i van de trpng tam hing dau cfla cdng tic bio vd mdl trudng, trong dd giii phap 3R: Reduce (giim thieu) - Reuse (tai sfl dgng) - Recycle (tii che) dUde d i t ldn hing dau.
Chi't thil khdng phii l i eii gi do ndn dflpc loai bd hoSc xfl ly ma khdng liin quan den sfl dgng. Nd cd the l i ngudn til nguyen cd gii trj ndu dflpc glii quydt mdt eich chlnh xac thdng qua ehinh saeh v i thfle hinh vdi hoat ddng quin ly nhat quan, se cho nhflng Ipi Ich nhat dinh:
• Kinh td: Ning cao hi^u qui kinh te thdng qua sfl dgng tai nguyen, xfl ly v i l i p trung v i o vide tao ra thi trfldng cho t i i ehe ed the din de'n cic hieu qui trong sin xuit v i tieu thg thinh pham, Cic vit lidu, sin pham cd g i i tn dupe thu hdi de t i i sfl dgng, tgo khi ning viec lam v i cd hpi kinh doanh.
• X i hdi: Bing each giim tic ddng xau tdi sflc khde cua hogt ddng quin ly chit thii, din tdi cic khu djnh cu hap din hdn.
Bdi the, xa hdi tdt hdn cd the din dd'n cic ngudn viee lim mdi v i ed khi ning giup cdng ddng thoit khdi ddi ngheo.
• Mdl trfldng: Giim bdt tic ddng den mdi trfldng thdng qua vi^e giim thieu, tai sfl dyng va t i i che. Giim thieu v i khai thic t i i nguydn cd the eung cap dflde vide cai thidn khdng khi, ehi't Iflpng nfldc, giup V10C giim khf thai nhi kinh, hfldng den thinh phd xanh - saeh - dgp.
• VI the h§ tfldng lai: Thfle hinh quin ly chi't thii hidu q u i ed the cung cip cho thd he tidp theo mdt nen kinh te mgnh me hdn, mdt x i hdi cdng bing hdn, toin dien hdn v i mdt mdi trudng sgeh hdn.
Phan logi r i c tgi ngudn de giim thieu, tai sfl dgng, t i l ehe ric thai la yeu td quyet djnh.
od khai thic Ipi ich tfl ric thai thi yeu td quydt dinh l i phan logi rac tgi ngudn de
cd the giam thieu, tai sfl dgng, tai che (3R), dd l i giii phip liing "^au.
Phan logi rae thii tgi ngudn khdng phii ehf l i phUdng phap hflu ich gdp phin giim thilu, t i i sfl dgng, t i i che rie t h i i m i cdn m i cdn giup tiet kiem t i i nguyen, biove mdl trudng.
Phin loai ric tgi ngudn theo 3 logi cd bin nhit:
• Ric hflu ed, cd thd phan huy dflpc nhfl:
thfle vat, chat thii ddng vit, thfle pham, ciy.
• Rae vd cd, ed the t i l sfl dgng, t i i che dflpc: Thiet bj didn, bao bl, bang giay, nhfla, chat deo, ric thai khdng the phin huy dupe nhu nilon, thuy tinh vd,.
• Chit dde hgi nguy hiem, can thu gom de xfl 19 rieng- Pin, i c quy, dau md, chat bdi trdn...
Tfl nim 2004, TP. HCM da thi di^m phin logi rie thii tgi nguon tai 10 quin, huyen: 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, Binh Thgnh, Phu Nhuan v i huygn Cu Ghi, rie sau khi phin logi, dUpe thu gom van chuyen den khu lien hpp xfl ly ric Da Phude, huyen Binh Chinh. Rac hilu ed s i n xuat phin compost, rac vd co dflpc xfl ly bang phfldng phip chdn li'p.
Nam 2006 tiep tgc thf diem tren dia b i n quin 6, 80% hp d i n tham gia, nhflng ch?
ed 60% phan ioai, nhflng phii tgm ngflng vl thiiu kinh phf, nen vin chi dflng lai d thf diem.
Gho d i n nay, thinh phd ehf mdi t i p trung thgc hien thu gom rieng bidt 2 logi ric tgi ehp dau mdi Binh Diln, Tam Binh, Hoc Mdn, he thdng sieu thi Co-opMart, Big G, Khu cdng nghp cao, khu chd xuit Tin Thuin, tai 100 hd din trin dia b i n phfldng Ben Nghe, Quin 1 v i 100 hp d i n trdn dja bin phfldng 14, quin Binh Thgnh. Tdng khd'i Iflpng ric t h i i thu gom dflpe trung binh 100 tan ngiy v i dflde v i n ehuyen ve nhi miy VIetstar v i Da Phfldc xfl ly.
Vide trien khai chfldng trinh phin logi rac tgi ngudn dang la van de het sflc khd khan do ha tang ky thuat tfl he thdng
•.XD S6W 20U
[ v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S ^ S l
thu gom, vgn chuyen den trung ehuyen chfla ddng bd. Cdng t i c tuyen truyen chfla dflpc lien tgc thfle hidn. Nhin sfl cdn thieu, chfla dupe d i o tgo ehuyen sau phgc vg cho q u i trinh nghien cflu theo ddi v i trien khai chUdng trinh.
Tuy nhien khd khan ldn nhat v i n la thay ddi hinh vi cfla thi d i n trong viee t h i i ric.
Do v i y , can tuydn truyen, hudng d i n rdng rai y thfle b i o ve mdi trudng thdng qua viec phin logi ric tgi ngudn, lim thay ddi thdi quen bd rie khdng dung ndi quy dinh. Viec phin logi r i c tai ngudn dfldc thfle hidn trfle tiep tai ngudn tfl hd gia dinh cd quan, trudng hpc, nen viee nhgn thfle v i hanh ddng efla thj dan, ngudi ehu ngudn t h i i se quyet djnh thinh cdng cfla cdng viee niy, ein phii nhin thfle lim dung l i vide can lam lien tge v i Iiu d i i trong nhieu nim dd nhin thfle thinh thdi quen, tap quin van hda mdi.
Tuy nhien, can ed giii phip hflu hidu ddi vdi viee thay doi hanh vi. Trong giio dgc dfldng dai ve hinh vi, ngfldi ta t i p trung v i o nhdm nhd, ket q u i chim v i ehae. Do v i y , can dfla cudc van ddng phin logi rac tgi ngudn ve sinh hoat td dan phd de thfle hien cupc van ddng dflpe thfldng xuyen lidn tgc
Thfle hien phin ioai rae tai ngudn thue sfl l i mdt cudc each mgng ve hinh vl eua thi d i n . Do v i y , e i h i thdng ehinh tri cap phudng phii vao cudc.
TAI Liiu THAM KHAO
l.Urban Pattern - Simon Eisner, Arthur Callion, Stanley Eisner, 1993
2.Chi€'n liftfc quin ly mdi Sri/dng TPHCM - UBNDTP HCM, thang 8/2002
3 Khda dao tao Quin ly mdi tn/dng va quy hoach dd Ihl - WB. CTS & ACVN thang 1/2008 4.TP HCM hudng den thinh ph6 vSn minh - Nguyin DSng Son, TC Quy hoach dd thi so 16/2013.
5. Thong tin tif Internet.
