\ V \ NCHIEN CCfU-TRAO B6I
TAC DONG CUA HOI NHAP QUOC TE DEN VI TRI, VAI TRO VA CHU'C NANG CUA
MAT TRAN TO QUOC VIET NAM
Ha Quang Ngpc"
Tran Thi Minh Chau **
Tom tdt: Bdi viet nghien cdu chu de hgi nhgp qudc te, tde dgng cua hgi nhdp qudc tS d&n vi tri, vai trd, chdc ndng cua Mat trgn To quoc Viet Nam; nhdng doi mdi cdn thiet di Mat trgn To quoc Viet Nam thdc hien vai trd, chdc ndng trong tinh hinh mdi
Tii khod: vi tri; vai trd; chdc ndng; Mat trdn To quoc Viet Nam
Abstract: The paper studies the topic of international integration, the impact of international integration on the position, role and functions of the Vietnam Fatherland Front; necessary innovations for the Vietnam Fatherland Front to play its role and function in the new situation
Keywords: location; role; function; Vietnam Fatherland Front
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 12/2/2019 Ngdy sda bdi: 16/3/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/5/2019 1. Vi tri, vai trd, chiic nSing cua Mat tri, cac td chdc chinh tri - xa hpi, to chuc tran To quoc Viet Nam xa hpi va cac ca nhan tieu bieu trong cac giai cap, tang Idp xa hdi, dan tpc, tdn giao, ngudi Viet Nara dinh cu d nirdc ngoai.
MTTQVN la co sd chinh tri cua chinh quyin nhan dan; dai dien, bao ve quyen va lpi ich hpfp phap, chinh dang cua Nhan dan; tap hgp, phat huy sue manh dai doan kit toan dan tpc, thuc hien dan chu, tang cudng ddng thuan xa hpi; giam sat, phan bien xa hpi; tham gia xay dimg Dang, Nha MTTQVN CO vi tri, vai trd dac biet nudc, hoat dpng ddi ngoai nhan dan gdp quan trpng trong he thong chinh tri. Phap phin xay dung va bao ve Td qudc"
luat Viet Nam da cd nhftng quy dinh cu TflHpiphandid6ngminh(l 8/11/1930) - hinh thurc to chuc dau tien cua Mat tran dan tpc thong nhat Viet Nam, den nay Mat tran to quoc Viet Nam (MTTQVN) da trai qua 88 nam xay dung, khong ngimg phat trien cung vdi nhiing chang dudng lich sfl ve vang cua each mang Viet Nam, dudi sir Ianh dao cua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam.
the ve vj tri, vai trd cua MTTQVN. Dieu 9 cua Hiin phap nam 2013 va diiu 1, Luat MTTQVN nam 2015, khSng dinh:
"MTTQVN la td chdc lien minh chinh tri, lien hiep ttr nguyen cua td chuc chinh
Can cu cac quy dinh hien hanh, MTTQVN cd quyin va trach nhiem trong viec: tap hgrp, xay dumg khdi dai doan kit toan dan tpc, thuc hien dan chu, tang cudng ddng thuan xa hpi; tuyen truyen.
'•' TS. TrUdng Bai hoc Ngi vu Hd Npi;'"' TS, Vu phdp che. Bo Noi vu
Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu I 27
) NGHIEN cifu - TRAO D6I Hi van dpng Nhan dan thuc hien quyen lam chu, thirc hien dudng ldi, chu truang cua Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nirdc; dai dien, bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua Nhan dan; tham gia xay dung Dang, Nha nudc; thuc hien giam sat; thuc hien phan bien xa hpi; tap hgp, tong hgp y kiln, kiln nghi cua cd tri va Nhan dan de phan anh, kien nghi vdi Dang, Nha nudc; thuc hien hoat dgng ddi ngoai nhan dan.
Sir tap hgp trong MTTQVN sd lugng cac thanh vien len tdi tren 35 td chdc, bao gdm: Tdng Lien doan lao dpng Viet Nam;
Hpi Ndng dan Viet Nam; Doan Thanh nien Cpng san Ho Chi Minh; Hpi Lien hiep phu nii Viet Nam; Hpi cyu chien binh Viet Nara; cac to chdc xa hpi nghe nghiep; cac to chuc xa hpi va cac ca nhan tieu bieu, dat Mat tran thanh chu the dac biet trong he thdng chinh tri, cd tiera nang trong viec thuc hien cac chuc nang, nhiem vu dugc quy dinh. Vdi sd lugng ddng dao, da dang cac td chdc thanh phan, tdng hdp tri tue, sdc raanh cua mpi giai cap, tang Idp rapi gidi, mpi ddi tugng tri thdc, chuyen gia d cac ITnh virc cua ddi sdng xa hpi. Mat tran la khdi dai doan kit toan dan phat huy quyen lam chu nhan dan, la yeu td tich cue quan trpng, nhat la trong viec thuc hien hiep thuong va phoi hgp thong nhit hanh dpng giua cac thanh vien trong sir nghiep xay dimg va bao ve To quoc, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc vi muc tieu dan giau nudc manh, dan chu, cdng bang van minh.
2. Vai net vi qua trinh hoi nhap quoc tk ciia Viet Nam
Hpi nhap qudc ti (HNQT) dugc hieu 28 I Tap ehi Khoa hoc Noi vu
la mdt qua trinh cac nudc tiin hanh cac hoat dpng tang cudng su gan bd vdi nhau qua viec tham gia vad cac td chuc quoc te va khu vuc, dua tren nhung chia se ve lgi ich, muc tieu, ngudn lire, quyin lire va gia tri... tren ca sd tuan thu cac nguyen tac va luat chai chung cua cac to chuc d khu vuc va quoc te.
HNQT cd the dien ra tren tung ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hpi (chinh trj, kinh te, van hda, giao due, an ninh qudc phdng...) hoac dien ra tren nhieu ITnh vyc vdi tinh chat va pham vi, hinh thuc khac nhau. HNQT la xu the Idn, tat yeu va la dac trung quan trpng cua the gidi hien nay. Nd mang tdi cho cac quoc gia tren the gidi khdng chi nhung lgi ich ve rapi mat ma cdn la nhirng thach thuc.
Qua trinh HNQT d Viet Nam dugc danh dau bang dudng loi Doi radi cua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, dugc khdi xudng tai Dai hpi VI nam 1986. Ki tir do din nay, HNQT da dat dugc thanh tuu dang ki tren nhieu mat cua ddi sdng kinh ti - xa hpi.
Tinh den nay, Viet nara da cd quan he ngoai giao vdi 187 qudc gia, quan he kinh te thuang mai vdi tren 230 thj trudng ngoai nudc, la thanh vien tich cue cua hon 70 to chuc qudc ti va khu vuc. Thang 7 nam 1995, Viet Nam gia nhap Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), trd thanh thanh vien cua Diin dan Hop tac kinh ti Chau A- Thai Binh Duong APEC nam 1998; nam 2000 ky kit hiep dinh thuang mai song phuong Viet Nam - Hoa Ky; thang 01/2007 la thanh vien chinh thuc cua td chuc Thuang mai Thi giai (WTO) va gin day nhit, tai ky hpp thu 6 nhiera ky 14 Qudc hpi khoa da thdng qua
V \ \ NGHIEN COU' TRAO D6I Hiep dinh Doi tac Toan dien va Tien bp
xuyen Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP).
Qua trinh HNQT raa tru'dc hit la hpi nhap kinh te qudc te nhimg nam qua da giup Viet Nara thu hut hieu qua ca ba ngudn luc qudc te ldn la: Nguon von hd trg phat trien chinh thuc (ODA); vdn diu tu taic tiip nudc ngoai (FDI) va ngudn kieu hoi. Hon niia, vdi su tham gia HNQT, hoat dpng xuat khau cua Viet nara da cd nhiing budc phat trien raanh rae, khdng ngijmg tang trudng ca ve quy md va toe dp. Xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam trd thanh dpng luc chinh, quan trpng cho su phat trien cua nen kinh te qudc dan.
Thdng qua HNQT, Viet Nam da tiep thu dugc khoa hpc, cdng nghe mdi va each quan ly tien tien tren nhieu ITnh vuc, gdp phan tang nang suat lao dpng, nang cao nang lire canh tranh trong hoat dpng san xuat kinh doanh. Viec hpi nhap sau rpng vao ddi song qudc te da kich thich su thay ddi tich cue han cua ca cau xuat khau, chuyen dan tu san pham thd sang cong nghiep che bien va san pham cd ham lugng cdng nghe, gia tri gia tang cao han, thuc day tai co cau kinh te theo hudng phat trien ben viing... thay ddi tu duy san xuat, lara an radi, thuc day chuyen djch ca cau kinh te, nang cao hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh.
HNQT giup bd sung nhung gia tri va tien bp cua van hda, van minh cua the gidi, lam giau them van hoa dan tpc va thuc day tien bp xa hpi, tao ddng luc va dieu kien de cai each toan dien hudng tdi xay dimg mpt xa hpi md, dan chu hon, nha nudc phap quyen cua dan, do dan va vi dan. Chu done, tich cue HNQT cung
giup tang cudng uy tin va vi thi qudc ti cua Viet Nam, cung nhu kha nang duy tri an ninh, hda binh va on djnh di phat triin.
Ben canh nhiing mat tich cue ma qua trinh HNQT mang lai cho dit nudc trong nhirng nam qua, qua trinh nay cung dat ra nhieu thach thuc. Nen kinh ti chiu anh hudng cua nhung van di chinh tri, kinh ti, xa hdi va mdi tnidng toan cau. Hpi nhap ddng thdi cung tao ra nhieu thach thuc doi vdi che dp chinh tri, su lanh dao cua Dang, he thong chinh tri va cac linh vuc qudc phdng an ninh, tu tudng van hda.
3. Nhung tac dong cua qua trinh hoi nhap qufic te len vi tri, vai tro, chuc nang ciia Mat tran To quoc Viet Nam
3.1. HNQT phdt huy sue mgnh dgi dodn kit todn ddn toe trong vd ngoai nuac cua MTTQVN
Qua trinh HNQT mang lai nhieu ca hpi tren nhieu ITnh vuc de phat trien dat nudc, ddng thdi cung tao ta nhieu thach thuc ma Viet Nam phai ddi mat. De tan dung dugc tii da nhiing ca hpi va vugt qua dugc nhiing khd khan thach thuc trong qua trinh hpi nhap, dai doan kit toan dan tpc dugc coi la mdt trong nhung sue manh to ldn. Phat huy khdi dai doan ket dan tpc, MTTQVN ddng vai trd raau chdt trong vin di hpi nhap, thuc day sue raanh toan dan, tan dung nhung co hpi ldn de phat huy sue manh tiim nang trong phat trien kinh ti, tang trudng ben vung.
Phong trao thi dua yeu nudc la rapt trong nhung vi du dien hinh cho vai trd phat huy sue raanh dai doan kit toan dan tpc cua MTTQVN. Phong trao do da khai day sue raanh tiira tang trong mdi con Tap chf Khoa hpc Npi vu | 29
I NGHIEN Cifu - TRAO D6I Hi cho quyen lgi cua dan, lam mpi viec cd the lam dl bao ve quyen lgi cua dan.
Giam sat va phan bien xa hpi dugc dat ra tren ca sd quan diem ay. Giara sat quyen luc la yeu cau khach quan cua ehe dp dan chu, gan vdi nhiing dac diem cua kinh te thi tru'dng, trong xa hpi cd nhieu luc lupng tham gia giam sat quyen luc, trong do cd MTTQVN. Trong qua trinh HNQT, chuc nang giam sat va phan bien xa hpi neu dugc phat huy, se gdp phan xay dung mpt xa hot dan chu, minh bach. Dieu do se tao dieu kien thuan lgi, thu hut eho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, cung nhu giup viet Nam cd the hgi nhap sau rpng hon tren trudng qudc te.
Hoat dpng giam sat cua MTTQVN mang tinh xa hpi, do Mat tran To qudc cac cap hoac cac td chu'C thanh vien cua Mat tran tien hanh, nham theo doi, xem xet, danh gia, kien nghi ddi vdi hoat dpng eua CO quan, td chue cua Dang va Nha nudc, dai bieu dan cu, can bp, cdng chue, vien chuc dang vien trong viec thuc hien eae ehinh sach, phap luat. Thdng qua viec cu cae doan giam sat va qua hoat dpng thudng xuyen cua Ban Thanh tra nhan dan d co sd cung cac hinh thuc khac nhu quan sat, ddi thoai,... MTTQVN dua ra nhiing kiln nghi, yeu cau dl bao ve quyen lgi cua nhan dan, ke ca viec de nghj bai nhiem dai bieu co quan dan cu' khdng cdn xung dang vdi su tin nhilm cua nhan dan.
Nhung kit qua giam sat do MTTQVN ehiu trach nhiem, dugc chuyen den cac td chuc cd lien quan de xii ly. MTTQVN tiip tuc theo ddi viee xu ly nhiing kien nghi va thdng bao eho cac noi dugc giara sat biit trong thdi han quy djnh. Nhiing viec lara do, tuy mdi bat dau, phara vi cdn hep, nhung la hudng di dung, dugc nhan
32 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu
dan ddng tinh, hudng ung.
Phan bien xa hgi la boat dpng do MTTQVN eac cip hoac eae thanh vien cua Mat tran din hanh, nhim nhan xet, danh gia, nlu chinh kien, kiln nghj ddi vdi du thao van kien, nghi quyet cda cac td chiic dang, van ban phap luat, quy hoach, ke hoach, ehuong trinh, du an, de an ldn cua ca quan nha nudc liln quan den ddi sdng cua nhan dan. Dd la hoat dpng raang tinh khach quan, khoa hpc, xay dirng, dugc tien hanh mpt each dan chu, cdng khai, minh bach. Cac hinh thuc phan bien xa hpi gom cd hpi nghj phan bien, gui van ban phan bien hoac doi thoai... dugc tien hanh vdi su tham gia cua cac thanh vien, hpi vien va dai dien nhan dan. Nhiing kiln nghj trong phan bien xa hpi cua MTTQVN dugc gui den cac td chuc, eg quan cd lien quan va yeu cau phuc dap trong thdi gian quy dinh, ddng thdi dugc thdng bao den cac chu the dugc phan bien.
Mat tran da chu tri va phdi hgp giam sat tren cae ITnh vuc quan ly nha nudc, hoat dgng tu phap va nhiing ITnh vuc kinh ti - xa hpi quan trpng cua dit nudc, nhu: thuc hien cac ehuong trinh muc lieu quoc gia;
chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng, ding bao dan tpc thieu sd; viec quan ly va su dung dit cua cac nong, lam trudng qudc doanh; viec quan ly nha nudc vi bao dam an toan thuc phim, an toan giao thong;
viec thi hanh an dan su, hinh su; cong tac tiep cdng dan, giai quyit khiiu nai, td cao; giai quyet, tra ldi cac kiin nghi cua cu tri va nhan dan... Dac biet MTTQVN da giam sat eai each hanh chinh, cai thien mdi trudng dau tu kinh doanh, cdng khai ket qua thanh tra d rapt so bp, nganh dia phuong, qua do gdp phin xay dimg moi
\ \ \ NGHIEN cifu-TRAOD6I trudng kinh doanh, hap dan cac nha dau
tu nudc ngoai, thuc day qua trinh hpi nhap sau rong cua Viet Nam tren tnidng qudc ti.
Cac td chuc dang la thanh vien cua MTTQ nhung lai ddng vai trd lanh dao MTTQ va la thanh viln Mat tran cac cap.
Su quan tam cua cap uy Dang quyet dinh hieu qua hoat ddng giam sat, phan bien xa hpi. Viec quan tam cua cap uy phai bang nhiing viec lam cu the: bd tri can bp cd nang luc, trinh dp, pham chat dao due, ban ITnh chinh tri cho MTTQVN va cac td chdc chinh tri - xa hpi de cd du kha nang thuc hien cdng tac giam sat, phan bien xa hpi. Dinh ky nghe va gdp y kien vao bao cao ket qua giara sat, chi dao UBND, cac co quan thuc hien nhirng kiln nghi cua MTTQVN va cac to chiie chinh tri-xa hpi sau giara sat. That su cau thi, lang nghe, cd co che tiep thu y kiln cua MTTQVN; quy dinh ve viec tiep xdc, ddi thoai vdi nhan dan cda ngudi dflng dau cap uy, chinh quyen cac cap; chu dpng de nghi MTTQVN, cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hpi phan bien xa hpi doi vdi cac du thao nghi quyet quan trpng cua cap uy.
Ddi vdi chinh quyen, cd chuong trinh phdi hgp cu the hang nam vdi MTTQVN, cac td chuc chinh tri - xa hpi cung cip.
Tao diiu kien di MTTQVN va cac td chuc chinh tri - xa hpi thuc hien chuc nang giam sat, phan bien xa hpi cua rainh.
Hudng din su dung kinh phi, bao dara cac dieu kien vat chit cho boat dpng giam sat, phan bien xa hpi. Tiip thu, tra loi kjp thdi nhiing kiin nghi cua MTTQVN va cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hpi.
Thuc tien cho thav, mudn phat huy
giam sat cua nhan dan, can phai cd quy dinh cu the, sat thuc, di hiiu, di lam. Uy ban MTTQVN va cac td chuc chinh tri - xa hpi cac cap tilp tuc nghien cuu, xay dung quy trinh tap hgp y kiin nhan dan, phat huy tdt nhat vai trd va tri tue cua cac uy vien Uy ban MTTQVN, cua nhan sT, tri thuc, cac gidi, dan tpc, ton giao, cac nha khoa hpc, cac chuyen gia, ngudi uy tin, doan vien, hpi vien va su ung hp cua nhan dan.
3.3. HNQT v&i viec tdng cucmg hogt dong doi ngogi nhdn ddn cua MTTQ, gdp phdn day mgnh HNQT
Khi toan cau hoa vdi nhiing mat thuan nghich dan xen, khi hoa binh va phat trien la xu thi chinh eua thdi dai, lgi ich dan tpc phai dugc dat len tren hit vdi tu each la thudc do, la yeu td quyet dinh hoat dgng ddi ngoai, thi trpng tam cdng tac doi ngoai la phai diy manh quan he hoa hiiu, xu ly hai hoa lgi ich dan tpc vdi lgi ich an ninh va phat trien cua cac qudc gia khac, tao dung va giu viing mdi trudng hoa binh de phat triin. Trong tinh hinh dd, cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan can ehu trpng nhieu han din cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, nhu: giao due, van hoa, y te, mdi trudng, xoa ddi giam ngheo..., ddng thdi hudng raanh din nghTa vu qudc te, thuc hien su raenh hoa binh, nhan dao, md rpng doan kit va tang cudng hiiu nghi vdi ban be qudc te.
MTTQVN, vdi tu each la td chuc quan trpng cua he thing chinh trj, thuc hien dai doan kit toan dan tpc, td chuc tilu biiu cho toan dan, gin doan kit dan tpc vdi doan kit qudc ti, cd nhiera vu dieu phoi hoat dpng ddi ngoai nhan dan, can Tap chf Khoa hpc Ndi vu I 33
