Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Le Duy Hdng
GIAO DVC OAO BUC CHO HOC SINH TRUNG HQC PHO THONG:
THirC TRANG, NGUYEN NHAN VA GIAI PHAP
LE DUY HUNG' TOM T A T
Bdi hdo de cap Ihuc trgng dgo due cua hoe sinh (HS) a mgt sd tru&ng trung hge phd thdng (THPf) tren dia bdn Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM). Kel qud khdo sal cho thdy mgi bo phdn khong nhd HS co nhiing hdnh vi vi phgm dgo due nhic: noi tuc. ehui the: gdy go ddnh nhau; bd gi&. trdn hoc; hut thudc Id; vo li v&i thdy ed (mice do ihinh thoang). Cd biet mgt sd HS cd hdnh vi & muc do thuong xuyen Tir thuc Irgng do. chung loi lim hiiu nhimg nguyen nhdn, dong thai kien nghi mgi sd gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao chdt lugng gido due dgo dice (GDDD) eho HS.
Tir kfioa: dao diie hpe sinh trung hpe phd thdng, thuc trang, nguydn nhan va giai phdp.
ABSTRACT
Etltics education for students in secondary schools: the situation, causes and solutions The artielementions ihe ethics situation of students in some secondary schools in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey results show that there are many students who have some ethics violation behaviours such as: swearing, quarreling, bullying, playing truancy, smoking, and being disrespectful of their teachers on a sometime basis. Exceptionally, some students have such bad behaviours on a regular basis. From this silualion. we tried lo figure out the causes so as to propose some solutions to improve the quality of ethics education for students
Keywords: ethics fer students in seeendary seheol, situatien, cause and solution.
1. Dat van de Hien nay, su nghiep ddi mdi d nude Ddng, Nha nuoc va nganh gido due ta dang eo nhiing bude phat trien tren quy Viet Nam luon ehii trpng vide giao due md Ion, treng mpi ITnh vyc ddi sdng xa toan didn diic, tri, thd, mT eho HS 6 tat cd hpi. Co ehd thi trudng, nen kinh td hang eac edp hpe, dae biet eoi trpng GDDD hda nhidu thanh phan dang phat huy tdc cho thd h^ tuong lai eiia ddt nudc. Bde dung, tao ndn nhiing thanh tyu trong nln Hd dd tiing day: ''Dgo dire Id edi goc rdt kinh td eiia dat nude. Nhung bdn canh do, quan trgng'\ ''Neu thieu dgo dire, eon kinh td thi truong cung ngay cang bpc Id ngu&i se khong phdi la con ngu&i binh nhiing mat trai ciia nd, gay anh huong thuong vd cugc song xd hoi se khong tidu eye ddn ddi sdng tinh than, sy cdm phdi Id cugc sdng xd hgi binh thu&ng, on Ihu van hda - nghe thudt cung nhu trong dinh'' [2, tr.65]. tam li - dao diic cua cac tang lap dan cu
trong xd hpi. Nhiing anh hudng dd ngdy
•r^w -r 1 -,- ' u- u^A LTttir. -t cang len ldi, thdm thau vdo moi quan he GV, Trud-ng Trung cap Kmh te - KI thuat ^ ' . • ^ ^ Tdv Nam A ^^ ^^'' '^"^ ^^' '^'^^ '^^^ chudn mye gid
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 50 nam 2013
tri, dan den sy suy thodi dao due ciia mdt bd phgn xa hpi, anh hudng xdu den the he tre. Hien tuang suy thodi vl dgo due, md nhat ve li tudng, chay theo ldi sdng thyc dung ciia mdt sd thanh nien, HS lam anh hudng tdi chat lupng GDDD trong nhd trudng.
Nhu chung ta da biet, tam gidc nhd trudng - gia dinh - xa hpi cd quan he chat chg vdi nhau, cung anh hudng den sy phat trien hdnh vi, dgo diic vd nhan cdch ciia HS. Vi vay, viec khao sdt, danh gia diing thyc trgng, nguyen nhdn de tim kiem gidi phap nham ndng cao chat luong GDDD cho HS THPT Id mpt vin dl cd tinh cap thiet.
Trong phgm vi bdi viet nay, chiing tdi trinh bay vl thyc trgng dgo due vd GDDD cho HS d mdt sd trudng THPT tren dia ban TPHCM. Ddng thdi, phdn tich nguyen nhan vd de xuit mpt sd giai phdp nhdm tang cudng edng tdc GDDD cho HS THPT Men nay.
2. Giai quyet van d€
Theo trilt hpc Mde - Le-nin, dac due dupe hieu Id he thdng cae quy tic ciia ddi sdng xd hdi vd hdnh vi con ngudi, nd quy dinh nhirng nghTa vy ciia ngudi ndy vdi ngudi khde, nghia vu ciia con ngudi ddi vdi xa hdi. Dgo diic id mpt td chdt ngudi, vdi tinh chit con ngudi xa hdi. Trong eudc sdng con ngudi, dao due cd nhimg bieu hien cu thi qua hdnh vi, cir chi, net mat, ldi ndi... Dgo diic ciing Id
cai an tdng sau kin ben trong thudc cde ylu td dpng CO, nhu cdu, Iuang tdm mang tinh trim tupng, khdng de phan doan de img xir hap li.
Trong nhiing ndm gdn day, qua cac phuang tien thdng tin dgi chiing vd thyc tien cupc sdng, chung ta thay rang dgo dire cua thanh nien, HS ndi chung, tren dia ban TPHCM ndi rieng dang tdn tgi nhieu van de ddng lo ngai. Sd HS phd thdng vi pham phdp luat, vd le vdi ngudi ldn, thiy ed; ndi tue, ehui the; gdy gl ddnh nhau; gian ddi, trdm cdp, thdm chi cudp giat; ham chai, dua ddi... ngdy cdng nhieu; tinh ehdt ngay cdng nghiem trpng.
De tim hieu thyc trang dgo diic cOa HS THPT tren dia ban TPHCM, chiing tdi da sir dung phuong phdp nghien ciiu chinh Id dilu tra bdng bang hdi tren lupng mdu Id 120 HS (dya tren sd philu dieu tra hpp le) d 3 trudng: THPT Nguyin Hiiu Thp - Quan 4, THPT Trin Quang Khai - Quan 11, THPT Nguyin Chi Thanh - qudn Tan Phu. Ben cgnh do, ehiing tdi cdn thyc Men khdo sdt vdi 60 gido vien (GV) gdm GV chii nhiem, GV bd mdn eiia 3 trudng neu tren dl bd sung cii lieu nghien cim.
2.1. Nhgn thifc va thifc Irgng dgo dite cia HS 6 m^t so tru&ng THPT i TPHCM
2.1.1. Nhgn thirc ciia HS vi nhiing hdnh vi viphgm dgo diic (xem bdng 1)
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Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCI\/1 Le Duy Hung
Bdng 1. Nhdn Ihirc ciia HS ve nhihig hdnh vi viphgm dgo due
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Npi dung Viee bd hpc, trdn gid, theo bgn la mpt hdnh vi Theo ban, viec ndi tuc, chiri the, ehui bay Id mpt hanh vi Viec gian lan trong kiem tra, thi cu theo bgn dd la mpt hanhvi
Viec vi phgm luat khi tham gia giao thdng la mpt hdnh vi Vd le vdi thay cd la mdt hdnh vi
Udng rugu bia, hiit thudc la mpt hdnh vi
Mu-cdo Rat
khong tot SL 47 51 48 25 73 52
%
39,2 42,4 40 20,8 60,8 43,3
Khong tot SL 61 53 56 73 41 49
%
50,8 44,2 46,6 60,8 34,1 40,8
Binh thudng SL
8 14 11 20 3 15
%
6,7 11,7 9,2 16,7 2,5 12,5
Rat binh thuong
SL 4 2 5 2 3 4
%
3,3 1,7 4,2 1,7 2,5 3,3 Bang 1 cho thay hau het HS deu
nhdn thay rang eac hanh vi vi phgm dgo dire id khdng tdt hogc rit khdng tdt. Dieu dd thi liien HS cd nhdn thirc khd ddy du vl vin dl dgo dire, diln hinh nhu: khi dupe hdi vd le v&i thdy cd Id mgt hdnh vi vi phgm dgo duel Thi cd tdi 60,8% HS cho rdng day Id hdnh vi rdt khdng tdt, vd khdng tdt la 34,1%. Hay nhu hdnh vi ndi tue, chiti Ihi, chiri bay cd tdi 42,4% HS cho ring day la hdnh vi rdt khdng lot, 44,2% HS cho dd la hdnh vi khdng tot.
Tuy nhien, ben cgnh nhihig HS cd nhgn thuc diing din vl nhiing hanh vi vi phgm dgo diic, thi edn mdt sl it HS chua nhan thuc diy du. Vi du, khi dupe hdi ve hdnh vi vi phgm giao Ihdng thi cd tdi 16,7%
HS cho ring dd Id hdnh vi binh thu&ng.
Tilp din la hdnh vi udng rugu bia, hut thudc Id, cd 12,5% HS xem dd la hdnh vi binh thu&ng. Mde dii ehi chilm sd lupng
rat thdp nhung dieu nay se dan tdi sy lech lgc ve dgo due cua ede em, ddng thdi cd thi lay lan din nhiing HS khde. Nguyen nhan mdt phan Id do gia dinh vd nha trudng chua quan tdm giao due cdc em tit.
2.1.2. Thuc trgng dgo dire ciia HS a mgt sd tru&ng phd Ihdng tren dia bdn TPHCM Men nay
Trong nhimg ndm gan day, chat lupng giao due toan dien d ede trudng phd thdng tren dia bdn TP da dgt dupe nhirng ket qud khd quan. Da sd edc em HS deu ed y thirc tu dudng, ren luyen phim chat dao diie, nhan cdch ciia minh va phin dau hpc tdt. Ben egnh nhitng kit qua dang khich le thi ti 1? HS vi phgm cdc ehuan myc dgo dire d cdc mire dp khac nhau ngay cang tang. Sd lieu HS vi phgm dao dite tren dia ban TPHCM dupe the Men d bang 2 sau day:
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCIVI So 50 nim 2013
Bang 2. Hdnh vi viphgm dgo dire ciia HS a cdc tru&ng THPT tren dia bdn TPHCM
TT
1 2 3 4 5
6
7 8
Noi dung bieu hien Viec gdy gd ddnh nhau trong trudng vd ben ngoai ddi vdi ban dien ra nhu the nao?
Ban da bao gid udng ruau bia vd hut thudc la chua?
Ban da bao gid tham gia vdo viec choi bai, cd dp?
Trong qua trinh hpc tap ban da bao gid cd hdnh vi vd le, thieu tdn trpng GV?
Vdi bgn vi^c ndi tyc, chiti the, chiri bay dien ra nhu the nao?
Trong qua trinh tham gia giao thdng bgn cd bao gid vi phgm cdc quy dinh ve an toan giao thdng?
Bgn da hao gid gian ldn trong kiem tra, thi cu"?
Viec bd gid, trdn hpe ddi vdi ban diln ra nhu the ndo
Mirc do Khong
bao gitr SL 70
86 90
87
37
88
75 73
%
53,8 71,7 75
72,5 30,8
73,3
62,5 60,8
Thinh thoang SL 41
34 25 31
60
27
31 32
%
34,2 28,3 20,8 25,8 50
22,5
25,8 26,7
Thirdng xuyen SL
9
t
2
15
5
12 9
%
7,5
3,3 1,7 12,5
4,2
10 7,5
Rit thirdng xuyii
SL
1
8
2 6
%
0,8
6,7
1,7 5 Bang 2 cho thdy ti le HS vi phgm
eae ehuan myc dao due la khdng nhd. So HS cd hanh vi vi pham nhilu nhit la:
chiri thi, chiri bay; gay gl, ddnh nhau;
trdn hpc, bd gid vd gian ldn trpng thi cu.
Dilu ddng lo nggi hien nay la tinh trang HS ndi tyc, chiri thi, chiri bay chilm mdt ti le tuang ddi eao. Khi dupe hdi: V&i bgn viec ndi tuc, chiri the, ehui bay diin ra nhu Ihi ndo? thi cd tdi 50% HS cho biet Id Ihinh thodng va 12% ndi ring thu&ng xuyen cd nhirng hanh vi dd.
Mdt hien tupng dang bdo ddng hien nay la tinh trgng HS gay gd danh nhau
ngay cang nhilu, khdng chi cd HS nam, ma cd cd HS nil. Khi dupe hdi: Vi$c gdy gd ddnh nhau Irong tru&ng vd ben ngodi ddi v&i bgn dien ra nhu the ndo? thi c6 tdi 34,2% HS eho biit la thinh thodng.
Nguyen nhan ehu yeu la do xich mich trong tinh bgn, tinh yeu, kit be, kit nhdm de ddn dudng danh h-a thii nhau... Nhilu khi cdc em cdn diing ca hung khi nhu dao, kiem... Dieu nay la do dnh hudng eua phim dnh, trd chai bao lye tren mang, cac em thich ddnh nhau, ddnh hd ban de ra oai "dgi ca".
Hipn hrprng HS bd gia, trdn hoc, khi 32
T?p chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Le Duy Hiing
dupe hdi vl vdn de nay thi cd tdi 26,7%
thua nhan Id thinh thodng va 7,5%
thu&ng xuyen. Day la nhung em chua co y thiic trong hpc tap, thilu su quan tam eiia gia dinh, eae em thudfng bd gidr, trdn hpc di choi bi-a, choi game, la cd quan xd, do hpc yeu, ham choi nen bj ban be xau ldi keo, dan din vi pham cac chudn mye dao diic, tham chi la vi pham phap luat.
Ngoai ra, sd HS cd nhung hanh vi vi pham: gian ldn trong thi cii; hiit thudc la; vd Id vdi GV; choi bai, ca dp; vi pham giao thdng eung chiem mpt ti Id dang kd.
Didu nay gay anh hudng khdng nhd den mdi trucmg su pham.
2.2. Nhirng nguyen nhdn ddn t&i hdnh vi vi phgm cdc chudn muc dgo due cua HS & mpt sd tru&ng THPT
Sd HS cd hanh vi vi pham cac ehudn myc dao diic khdng nhidu so vdi tdng sd HS ciia todn TP, luy nhien nd lai cd anh hudng khdng nhd va dd ldy lan trong tap thd HS. Dd tim nhiing nguydn nhdn trdn, chiing toi tidn hanh khao sat y kidn ciia 60 nguoi la GV chii nhiem, GV bp mdn, cdng tdc qudn li. Kdt qud the hien d bang 3 sau day:
Bdng 3. Nhung nguyen nhdn dnh hu&ng den hdnh vi tieu cue dgo due cua HS TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Cac nguyen nhan
Gia dinh, xa hpi chua quan tam giao due cac em day du
Ngudi ldn chua guong miu
Quan li GDDD ciia nha trudng chua chat che Ndi dung GDDD chua thiet thyc Nhirng bien ddi vl tam sinh li lua tudi Tac ddng tieu cyc eda nen kinh te thi trudng Mpt bp phan thay ed chua quan tdm GDDD cho HS
Anh hudng ciia sy biing nd thdng tin, truyen thong Chua ed su phdi hop tdt gifla edc luc lupng giao dye
Su quan li GDDD cua xa hpi chua ddng bd Phim dnh, saeh bao khdng lanh manh, cdc trd chai tren mgng
Nhieu doan the xd hdi chua quan tam den GDDD Su tde dpng cua phap ludt chua nghiem, chua chat che
Te nan xd hdi
So y kien 52 49 43 41 44 37 29 26 34 20 23 19 14 25
Ti le % 87,6 76,7 71,6 68,3 73,3 61,6 48,3 43,3 56,6 33,3 38,3 31,6 23,3 41,6
Xep bac 1 2 4 5 3 6 8 9 7 12 11 13 14 10
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SO 3U nam 2013
Bdng 3 cho thay cd rat nhieu nguyen nhdn ddn den hdnh vi tieu cyc ve dgo dire cua HS, ed the chia ldm 3 nhdm nguyen nhan chu yeu sau:
Nguyen nhdn tir gia dinh: Gia dinh Id cdi ndi cua sy hinh thanh va phdt trien nhan each eda tre tho. Trinh dp van hda, ldi sdng, phuang phdp gido dye ciia gia dinh cd anh hudng ldn den nhdn cdch cua tre. Thyc te Men nay d TP, phan ldn HS cd hanh vi vi phgm cac chudn myc dao dire (ma chung tdi trinh bdy d bdng 2) thudng d cac nhdm gia dinh nhu: Thii nhit, nhirng gia dinh cd kinh tl khd khdn, bd me khdng ed dieu kien quan tdm den viec hpc hanh cua con edi. Thir hai, d nhirng gia dinh ed dieu kien kinh tl tdt, nhung do cha me nudng chieu, dap iing mpi nhu edu vdt chat ma it quan tam den ddi sing tinh thin va nhiing ddc diem phdt trien tam sinh li lira tudi ciia cpn eai.
Bd me chi .lo lam gidu ma khoan trdng viee giao dye con cai eho nha trudng.
Thir ba, d nhiing gia dinh va ehdng sdng khdng hgnh phiic, cac mdi quan he trong gia dinh thieu ehuan muc giira bd me vd con cdi, bd me ludn trong tinh trang mdu thudn hoac da li hdn, cd thdnh vien trong gia dinh sa vdo nghien but, ruau che, cd bgc... Sy thilu guong mdu cua ngudi ldn chinh la dieu kien de tre hpc tap nhung thdi hu tgt xdu.
Nguyen nhdn tir phia nhd tru&ng:
Ban gidm hieu mdt sd trudng, ddi lue chua nam bat kip thdi ede Men tupng vi phgm dgo diic cua HS de rdn de, ngdn chgn kjp thdi. Ndng lue ciia mdt s6 GV chii nhiem Idp cdn nhilu hgn chl, chua di sau di sdt timg HS dl ndm bit hodn cdnh
rieng ciia timg em, tim hieu tam tu nguyen vpng ciia HS. Mot sd GV bd mdn ehua chii trpng viec "dgy chir" de "dgy ngudi", ed y nghi ring GDDD cho HS Id viec ciia GV chu nhiem, eua Ban gidm hieu nha trudng. Mpt so it GV va thdm chi cd cdn bd qudn li ddi liic cdn thilu guong mdu trong dao dire, ldi sdng, chua thyc sy id "Tdm guong sdng de HS noi Iheo". Viec dp dung cac phuong phdp GDDD cdn cimg nhic, thdm ehi ap dung sai nguyen tac: xem nhe yeu td thuyet phye, thd bgo trong ddi xil vdi HS...
- Nguyen nhdn lir xd hgi: Trong xu the toan cdu hda ve kinh te, vdn hda, nen kinh tl nudc ta dang timg budc chuyin minh trong thdi ki md eira. Ca che thi trudng da len ldi vdo mpi ITnh vyc cua ddi sdng xd hpi, lam cho nhieu gia tri dgo due truyen thdng ngdy cdng bj xdi mdn.
Cimg vdi nhirng thanh qud dgt duac ve xdy dyng kinh tl thi chiing ta khdng thi phii nhdn mat trai ciia nd dd la lam xuit hien ngdy cdng nhilu nhirng te ngn xa hdi nhu: ruau che, cd bgc, nghien hut, trdm cip... Trudc nhirng cdm dd cua ddng tiln, khdng it HS da hi sa nga.
Sy budng ldng trong quan li cua cdc cip, cdc ngdnh vl cdc hogt dpng dich vu van hda da lam xuit Men ngay cang nhiSu cdc tu diem van hda khdng Idnh mgnh d gin trudng hpc, cdc ty dilm ndy dimg du mpi each dl ldi keo HS vdo cdc diem giai tri nhu: bi-a, game, chat...
nhdm phyc vy lai ich kinh tl riSng cua hp. Ddy la nguyen nhan quan trpng din den hien tuang HS trdn hpc, gay go ddnh nhau, thdm chi vi phgm phdp ludt.
Nguyen nhdn chti quan tir phia HS:
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Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Le Duy Hung
Dd la nhiing bidn doi tam sinh li lua tudi HS THPT. Do eac da diem tam, sinh li tudi day thi, tinh cam eua cac em chua bdn vung, khong dn dinh, kha ndng lam chu ban thdn, "siic dl khdng", ban ITnh cdn ydu trude nhung tde ddng tidu cue tii mdi trudng ben ngodi... ndn dd phat sinh mac cam, su bdng bdt, ea tin... Dilu nay tao eo hpi cho nhung hien tupng tidu cue trong xa hpi xam nhap vdo tu tudng, tinh cam cua cac em.
- Cdc nguyen nhdn tie viec qudn li, phoi hgp cua cdc luc lugng gido due:
Cac td ehiic chinh tri xa hdi ndi chung va td chiie Dean Thanh nien ndi rieng trong mpt sd trucmg THPT hoat dpng chua hieu qua, sy phdi ket hpp vdi nha trudng trong GDDD cho HS chua tdt.
Sy phdi hpp giua nha trudng vd edng an, chinh quyen dia phuong chua tdt: mpt sd HS vi pham phap luat cd liic trd thanh "qua bdng" da tir "san" truong THPT sang "san" cdng an, chinh quyen dja phuong, vd ngupc lai.
Khi tim hidu nhutig nguyen nhan tren, chiing tdi cung nhan dupe ket qud tir phia HS nhu sau: Khi dupe hdi: Theo bgn, nhimg nguyen nhdn ndo ddn den nhitng hdnh vi vl phgm dgo dire ciia HS hien nay? Co tdi 20,8% cho rang eha me chua quan tdm, guong mau; 29,1% tac ddng til phim dnh, sdch bao khdng Idnh manh; 23,3% do nhd trudng ehua gido due chat che; 26,7 HS khong chiu ren luy^n. Khi dupe hdi: Theo bgn, nguyen nhdn ndo ddn den viic HS hay noi tuc, chid thi? 40,8% cho rdng noi theo ban be; 26,6% do tdc ddng tir mdi trudng xung quanh; 18,3% la hanh vi ty phat;
14,1% ndi theo cha me, ngudi ldn.
Nhu vay, co thd thdy nguydn nhdn CO ban ciia vide HS cd nhiing hanh vi vi pham dao dire hien nay la do: gia dinh, nhd truong, mdi trudfng xa hpi vd til chinh ban than cac em.
2.3. Mot so gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao chdt luffng GDDD cho HS THPT
Xuat phdt tir thuc trang vd cac nguyen nhan da ndu, can cii vao muc tieu va nhidm vu cua bac hpc THPT trong giai dean hidn nay, chiing tdi dd xuat mdt sd giai phap tang cuong GDDD cho HS THPT tren dia ban TP.
2.3.1. Ngi dung GDDD phdi duae xde dinh dua tren eo s& tdm li lua tuoi ciia doi lugmg HS
Tir gdc dp tam li hpc giao due nhdn each, vdn dl GDDD cho HS phd thdng Id qua trinh hinh thanh hd thdng thdi dp, hanh vi, kT nang iing xir (cdn gpi Id kT nang sdng) phii hpp vdi thuan phong mT tyc, quy chd - phap li ciia xa hdi. Cd nhung kT ndng dd HS se hinh thanh khd ndng ung xir xa hdi mpt each thich hgfp trong mpi tinh hudng, ddp iing sy mong dpi eiia ngudi Ion, tiic phii hpp vdi phong tue tap qudn, truyen thong va quy djnh phdp li xa hdi. Tir goc dp tam li hpc, npi dung GDDD khdng la gi khac ngoai he thdng kidn thiic, kT ndng img xir trong mpi tinh hudng cua cupc sdng ddi thudng nhu trong gia dinh (thai dp, hdnh vi img xii voi mpi ngudfi trong gia dinh phii hpp vdi timg vai: dng, ba, bd, me...), treng lop hpc (ban be, thay co)...
2.3.2. Ndng cao nhdn thue, y thicc trdeh nhiem eho dgi ngu edn bo GV - eong nhdn vien ve GDDD cho HS
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Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM ^O :)V nurn 2013
Phai lam cho toan the cdn bd GV, cdng nhan vien thay rd tam quan trpng va sy cip thiit ciia cdng tdc GDDD cho HS trong giai doan hien nay. Tir dd nang cao y thirc, tinh thin trdch nhiem, tich cyc tham gia hoat dpng nhdm gdp phdn nang cao chit lupng GDDD cho hpc sinh ndi rieng va chit lupng giao due toan dien cua nha trudng ndi chung.
Dii vdi cdn bd quan li: Phdi qudn triet mpi chii truong dudng ldi cua Dang, Nha nudc, cdc quy che eda Bd gido dye va Dao tao, chi thi ciia Sd Gido dye va Dao tgo vl cdng tac GDDD eho HS.
D I I vdi GV bp mdn: Nang cao y thiic trdch nhiem GDDD cho HS thdng qua bai gidng tren idp vd ldi sdng mau myc cua ngudi thiy.
Ddi vdi can bd Doan: Can phai cd nhimg dinh hudng hoat ddng xuyen sudt trong nam hpc vdi nhieu hinh thirc da dang, phong. phu, thiet thyc tgo ra mdt san chai bd ich nham ndng eao GDDD cho HS.
Ddi vdi GV chii nhiem Idp: Ld ngudi tryc tilp GDDD cho HS, cd vai trd quan trpng trong qua trinh hinh thdnh nhan cdch eua HS. Vi vay, trudc het GV ehu nhiem phdi Id ngudi nam vung nhiing dge diem tam sinh li ciia HS, nam dupe dgc diem tinh cdch vd hoan cdnh gia dinh cua mdi HS; tren ca sd dd, cd nhiing bien phap tdc ddng phii hop.
2.3.3. Ve phia gia dinh
Gia dinh ddng mpt vai trd rat quan trpng trpng viec Mnh thanh nhan each con ngudi. Gia dinh la ngdi trudng dau tien ciia con ngudi, tir dd nhiing dira tre hpc dupe each lam ngudi. Vi the, mudn
. cho con cdi trd thdnh ngudi tdt, gia dinh phai la nai dl mpi ngudi sdng yeu thuong, ndng do va diim bpc lin nhau.
Cdc thi he ciing chung sdng phdi biet quan tam lin nhau, tao cho the he tre mdt nln tang dgo diic tdt. Hay ndi cdeh khae, nhimg ngudi tre se hpc tap theo nip sdng cua dng bd, cha me trong gia dinh. Gia dinh phai sdng hgnh phuc, hdi hda vdi nhau thi ngudi tre se cam nhgn dupe nhthig gia tri cao dep nhu: hgnh phiie, ling nghe, yeu thuang, tha thir, ndng do vd chip nhgn nhiing khac biet cua nhau...
Ben cgnh dd, trong mdt the gidi dang de cao sy thda man tire thdi, nhiing ham mudn bdn nang, thi gia dinh cd vai trd rit quan trpng trong viec khai day y thire vl cdi tdt va cai xau, ve cai ddng lam vd khdng nen lam.
2.3.4. Td chitc phdi hap giira nhd Iruong gia dinh vd xd hgi
Con ngudi la tdng hda cdc mdi quan he xa hpi, sinh ra vd ldn len trong mdi trudng gia dinh - nha trudng va xa hdi. 6 mdi mdi trudng dii ldn hay nhd deu dien ra qua trinh gido due, gido dudng eon ngudi. Trong dd, nhd trudng giir vai trd het sire ddc biet - nha trudng Id the chl xd hpi cd chu:e nang chuyen trach ve giap due, cd vai trd chu dgo trong cdng tdc giao dye the he tre. Trong qua trinh phdt trien nhan cdch todn dien ciia HS, khdng the thieu sy ket hpp giao due giira nhd trudng - gia dinh va xa hdi, su phdi hap nay tgo ra mdi trudng thuan lpi, site mgnh tdng hpp de giao dye HS.
Theo chung tdi, de lam tdt nhirng vin dl neu tren, thi cdn phdi thyc hien mdt sd
Tap chl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Le Duy Hung
ndi dung sau:
- Nhd truong, gia dinh vd xa hpi thong nhdt myc tieu GDDD eho HS theo dinh hudng xa hpi ehii nghTa eiia Dang va Nha Nude da de ra; tu dd, thdng nhdt vl ndi dung, phuong phap, hinh thiie td chiic GDDD eho HS. Nha trucmg chu dpng lam ro de cdc bac cha me HS thdy dupe nhiing khd ndng, uu thd ciia gido due gia dinh, giiip hp nhdn thirc mdt each sau sac trach nhiem, nghia vu trong vide
"nudi con khde, day con ngoan". Gia dinh tao mdi truong thuan Ipi cho vide gido due toan dien ve dao dire, tri tue, thd chat ddi voi con cai, ddng thdi phdi hpp ciing nha trudng de ndng cao hidu qua giao due.
Nhd trudng phdi hpp vdi cpng ddng xa hdi de quan li va giao dye HS, ndm tinh hinh HS, nhung ngudn thdng tin tin
cdy noi HS cu tni, lir dd giiip GV ddnh gid dung HS vd tim ra nhiing bidn phap giiip cac em hoan thidn nhan each. Nha trucmg phdi hpp voi cpng ddng giao due truyen thdng dan tpc, ban sdc van hda dia phuong, tinh ydu que huong dat nudc.
3. Ket lu^n
De phdt tridn xd hdi bdn vimg, nhiing nha giao dye va nhung ngudfi cd trach nhiem phdi tim ra mpt hudng di diing dan cho the he tre hdm nay. Treng gia trj dao diic, cdn dinh hudng dd hp co li tudng song, biet xay dung cupc sdng trdn nhiing gia tri cao dep. Ddng thoi, mpi ngudi edn quan tam ddn nhiing gid tri dao diie, nhat la cdn dp dung nhiing each giao dye mdi vao vi?c dae tao the he tre vi hp la rudng cpt eiia xa hpi. Giao due theo ldi moi la gido due bdng tinh thuong ydu, ndng dd.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vu Trpng Dung (2005), Gido trinh dgo dice Mde - Le-nin, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia, Ha Npi.
2. H6 Chi Minh (1983), Vi dgo dice, Nxb Chinh tri Qude gia, Hd Npi.
Ngiroj phdn bi^n khoa hge; 7*5. Ho Van Uen
(Ng^y Tda sogn nh$n 6u^c b^i 24-5-2013. ng^yphin biSn dinh giA: 20-7-2013;
ngdy chip nh$n dSng: 29-7-2013)
