QUAN TR!-QUAN IY
CHINH SACK TIN DUNG DOI V6l DONG BAO DAN TQC KHMER TINH SOC TRANG:
T H U C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
• NGUYEN TH! THE - CO THANH TRUNG
T6M TAT:
Chinh sdch tin dung do'i vdi dong bao dan tgc thieu so d tinh Sdc Trang da gdp phan quan trpng trong viec thue day thifc hien dat cac ehi lieu phat trien kinb le'- \a hgi, tao viec lam, giup hg ngheo nSng cao thu nhSp, tiifng bu'dc cai thien va on dinh ddi so'ng, viTdn len thodt ngheo.
Bai vi^'l nghien ed'n ve viec thiSc hien chinh sach tin dung do'i vdi ddng bao dan lpc Khmer d Sdc Trdng, qua dd de xuat mpl so' gidi phdp phdi huy hieu qua chinh sach nay trong thcJi gian idi,
Tiifkh6a:Chinhsdchlindung, dong bao dan toe Khmer, chinh sach xa hgi, tinh S6e Trdng.
I. Chti trifdng, chinh sach tin dung eua Dang, Sha ni/dc dfi'i vdi dong bao dan tpc thieu so'
Den nay, dd cd nhieu chu'dng irinh, chinh sach cOa Tmng Udng va dia phu'dng nham h6 trd dong bJo dan loc thieu so' noi chung, dong bao dan tgc Khmer ndi rieng. Cu the nhir: Quyet djnh so' 32/2007/QD-TTg ngay 05-3-2007 cua Thu tu'dng Chfnh phii Ve \ iec \ay von phal trien san xuat do'i vdi hp dong bio dan tgc thig'u so'dac biet kho khdn (difdc .sii'a doi, bo sung bcti Quyel dinh so I26/2008/OD-TTg ngay 15/9/2008 cua Thu lirdng Chinh phu, iiep tue difdc ihay the theo Quyet dinh s6'54/2()12/QD-TTg ngay 04/12/2012 ciia Thii itfdng Chinh phu Ban hdnh chinh sach cho vay vo'n phiil iri^n san xua't do'i vdi ho dan tgc thieu so dac biei kho khan giai doan 2012-2015); Nghj quyet so 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngay 27-12-2008 cua Chinh phu ve Chifdng trinh h6 trd giam ngheo nhanh va ben ViTng doi vdi 6 i hu\en ngheo (dd du'de si^a doi. bo
sung bdi Quyet dinh so 2621/QD-TTg ngdy 31-12- 2013 Clia Thu lu'dng Chinh phii); Quyel dinh so 2085/QD-TTg ngay 31/10/2016 cua Thu tu'dng Chinh phu ve Phe duyet chinh sach dac ihij h6 ird phdt trien kinh le - xd hgi viingdan tpc ihieu so'va mien nui giai doan 2017- 2020.
Viec cho va\' tin dung \lu dai do'i vdi dong bao chu \e'u ihong qua Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi (NHCSXH). Hp dong bao dan lgc thieu so'ddc biel khd khdn chinh la doi tifdng difdc vay von. Chinh sach ifu dai difdc thie'l ke' kha da dang: cdc hg cd the vay mgt hodc nhieu ldn; long mifc vay khong qua 8 trieu dong/hg; khong phai diing lai sdn de dam bao tien vay \a diTdc mi6n le phi lam thii tue hdnh chinh irong viec \a} vo'n. ihdi ban cho va>
toi da khong qua 5nam[l]. De tang tu'dng sif lanh dao ciia Dang do'i vdi tin dung chinh sach xa hgi.
Ban Bi thif Trung u'dng Dang (khoa XI) da ban hanh Chi lhi ^.o 40-CT/TW ngay 22/11/2014 nhdm
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IAP H i CONG lIlfdIIIG
phai huy \ai iro \a nang cao hieu qua ciia tin dung chinh such \a hoi. Hien nay. NHCSXH da thyc hien 18 chifdng trinh tin dung chinh sach dd'i vdi cac hp Khmer ngheo.
2. Thtfc trang thi/c thi chi'nh sach tin dung do'i vdi ddng bao dan tpc Khmer d Sdc Trang
Sdc Trang la linh cd dong dung bao dan tgc Khmer d khu \ u'c Dong bdng song Cii'u Long. Thdi gian qua, viec thifc lhi chinh sach tin dung doi vdi dong bao dan tpc Khmer d Sdc Trang da dat difdc nhu'ng thanh lifu sau: ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach da den \di 100% cac khdm. a'p trong linh; da lac dpng loan dien de'n mgi mdi ddi song cua dong bao dan ipc Khmer, gdp phan ihuc d j \ phal tnen kinh le - xa hpi viing dong bao dan idc ihieu so.
viJng dac biet khd khdn. Ddi sdng \ai cha'l va linh than CLia ddng bao cac dan lgc nga\ cang du'de cai ihiC'n. giup hp ddng bao dan tgc Khmer vu'dn len khdng dinh vi ihc cua minh trong xa hgi. gdp phan
\fu difng mdi xa hdi dan chu. cdng bdng. van minh. Tif dd, cung cd' va lang ctfdng niem tin ciia cdc lang ldp nhan dan vao stf lanh dao ciia Dang, stf dieu hanh cua Nha ntfdc.
Thdng qua viec trien khai nguon vd'n tin dung chinh sdch. cac lo chu'c chinh trj - xa hpi, cd quan khuye'n nong. khuye'n lam, khuyen ngtf da long ghep dtfdc cac chtfdng trinh tuyen iru>cn. phd' bie'n. htfdng dan ngtfdi dan ve cac md hinh, each thtfc lam dn cd hieu qua, dan dan nang cao nhan thtfc cho hg ngheo thupc dong bao dan tpc ihieu so' tiifng btfdc iha_\ dd'i each nghi, each lam, bie't phat huy noi life, tif vifdn len irong san vuii. kinh doanh de lao ihu nhap, nhdm giam ngheo ben vifng. Dong ihdi, thdng qua viec trie'n khai cac chtfdng irinh tin dung chinh sdch cung da gdp phan cung cd id ehtfc va nang cao cha'l Itfdng boat ddng cua cdc id' chtfc doan the chinh tri - xa hpi trong tinh. Vo'n tin dung khdng nhtfng giup dong bao dan lpc ihieu so iam quen \di viec \a\ vd'n san xuat kinh doanh ma cdn giiip hg chu>en bien \e nhan thtfc, giup ddng bao diin tpc Khmer tif lin. iiep can cdch ihtfc san xua'l hang hda, phdi huy stf chu ddng.
s.ing lao de vtfdn len. cai ihien va dn dinh ddi song, gdp phan da>' lui linh trang tin dung den d ndng Ihdn.
Cic cap uy Dung, chinh quyen trong tinh Sdc Trang ludn quan tam cdng tde lanh dao. chi dao
nang cao cha't Itfdng hoai dpng va hieu qua cua cac chtfdng Irinh tin dung chinh sach \a hdi tr6n dja ban, gdp phan lich ctfc trong cdng lacgiam nghdo, giai quye'l \ iec lam, dam bao an sinh xd hdi. xay dtfng ndng Ihdn mdi. Trong giai doan 2016 - 2018 lis nguon vd'n NHCSXH. tinh dd trie'n khai ihifc hien dau ttf 15 chtfdng irinh tin dung tfu dai theo chi dinh cua Chinh phu va mpt so' chtfdng trinh nhan uy thdc dau itf lai dja phtfdng. dd phdt vay ngu6n vo'n lin dung tfu ddi eho 64.766 Itfdt hg ngheo, hp can ngheo va hd mdi thoat ngheo (trong dd cd 20.018 Itfdi hd ngheo, 15.280 Itfdi hg can ngheo va 29.468 Itfdt hp mdi thoat nghdo) vdi so' lien Id 1.3521\' dong, phue vu dau itf san xua'l, mua con giong, ihtfe an chdn nudi de phal trien kinh le gia dinh; phal \u\ cho 2.120 Itfdt hgc sinh, sinh viened hodn canh khd khan, vdi kinh phi Id 81,59 ty dong; cho va\ giai quye'l viee Idm dtfdc 5.062 hg, vdi kinh phi thtfc hien Id 107.278 ty dong; phdt vay cho I 1.074 Itfdl hd gia dinh san xud't kinh doanh vung klid khdn. ihtfdng nhan viing khd khdn.
hd ngh^o dong bao dan lgc Ihieu so', vdi so'tien la 254.942 ty ddng|4].
Hiennay. Sdc Trdng cd 42/80 xa da hodn Ihdnh chtfdng trinh muc lieu quo'c gia xay dtfng nong ihon mdi, hien linh da trinh bo sd cho Trung tfdng Iha'm djnh dd'i vdi 01 ddn vi ca'p huyen (ihj xa Nga Nam), dat 100% chi lieu dtfdc giao. Dtf kien de'n nam 2020, tinh cdng nhdn ihem 01 ddn vi ca'p huyen dai chuan ndng thdn mdi, vtfdl 200% chi lieu dtfdc giao[7|. Ngoai ra, chinh .sach tin dung dd'i vdi ddng bao dan loc Khmer la mgl trong nhffng ngudn life quan irpng trong viec ihtfe hien cac chtfdng Irinh an sinh xa hpi tai linh Sdc Trang.
Itf ngudn vd'n vay lin dung gitip hp ngheo va cac dd'i Itfdng chinh sach xa hpi cd dieu kien vtfdt khd, vtfdn len thodt ngheo, gdp phan giam ly ie hd ngheo tCf 2 - 3%/nam. Theo kel qua dieu tra, ra sodl, de'n cuo'i ndm 2018. tdng so' ho ngheo todn tinh la 27.154 ho -1^' le 8.40%. irong do hd ngheo dan tpc thieu so la 13.605 hp. ty le 11,75%. To'ng so hp can ngheo ndm 2018 Id .?X 401 hg. ly le 11,87%, irong do can hp ngheo dan loc ihi'iu so Id 16.184 hd,ty le I3.ys%|5].
Nhin chung, chinh sach tin dung ddj vdi dong bao dan tde thieu so da lam cho bd mat ndng thdn vLing cd ddng ddng bao dan tpc Khmci ngdy cang
176 So 10-Thdng 5/2020
QUAN TR!-QUAN IY
dji mdi, linh hinh kinh le, ddi sd'ng cua ba con ndi day khdng ngtfng dtfdc cdi thien. Dong thdi, ehinh sach tin dung da tao dieu kien cho hd nghio, hg can ngheo d cdc xa, d'p ddc biet khd khiin cd vd'n phal irien sdn xua't, giai quye'l viec lam, ldng ihu nhap, nang cao linh cdng dong.
(lodn ket chung tay cung giiip nhau giam ngheo, g6p phan tich ctfc vao viec phdi trien kinh te - xa h(ii,giiJglnan ninh, irai itf, an loan xd hgi tren dia bdn tinh.
Ben canh nhu'ng thdnh tifu dat dtfdc, viec thtfc hicn chinh sdch tin dung dd'i vdi dong bao ddn ipc Khmer lai linh Sdc Trdng dang gap phdi mpl so' van de nhif:
Kinh te* ciia dong bdo ddn tgc Khmer d Sdc Trdng chij ye'u la siin xua't ndng nghiep, phan ldn ngifdi ddn sinh so'ng d vung sdu, tap quan sinh hoal
\a canh Idc lac hau nen ddi sd'ng cdn nhieu khd khiln, dan de'n kinh le - xa hdi phat trien chdm so vdi idc dp chung cua loan linh. Mdi khac. ha tang cdsd cdn nhieu ye'u kem, nha't la tinh trang khdng ai da't d. nha d, dien, ntfdc sinh hoat trong mdi bp phJii dan ctf ngtfdi Khmer; irinh dp dan iri, cha'l lifting ngu6n nhan Itfc chtfa cao, ty le lao ddng cd tay nghe con iha'p. Dong ihdi, ly le sd' hd ngheo, can ngh^o cao so vdi cdc ddn tgc khac irong linh.
Thu nhdp binh quan mgt hg cua loan linh Sdc Trdng nam 2018 Id 6.683 USD nhtfng thu nhdp binh quan cila hg dan lpc thieu sd' chi cd 4.009 USD[5}. Tif dd, dan de'n hieu qua stf dung ngudn von lin dung tfu ddi cua dong bdo ddn lgc Khmer chifiicao;ly le ndqua ban, nd xa'u chie'm 1.21%/dtf nd [6|. Trong dd, da so' la hd qua ngheo nhu'ng chtfa cd chinh sach xu" ly nii ro; cung nhtf cdn mdt bg ph|n hO ngheo khdng dtfdc bd' sung vdo danh sach kip thdi. khdng dtfdc lie'p can nguon vd'n tfu dai;
van cdn linh trang cao bdng, chia deu vd'n cho cdc hp gia dinh md khdng can ctf vdo nhu cau cu ihe ciia tifng hg.
Mal khac. thtfc hien xtf ly nd do'i vdi hp dong Mo dan lgc ih'iiu sod dia phtfdng di lam an xa gap ratnhieu khd khan. Do khong cod dia phtfdng nen khdng ihe tie'n hdnh xilr Iy thu hoi dtfdc. ddn de'n nd ti^m a'n bj riii ro, lai ton dpng cao anh htfdng
"len chdt Itfdng tin dung. Chifdng trinh cho vay ciia NHCSXH eiing chtfa gan kel chdt che giila hoal dong cho vay \d'n lin dung tfu ddi vdi boat ddng
khu>en ndng. htfdng dan each lam dn. Viec dav nghe ndng thdn d cdsd cdn it. \ iec \ci cho \a\ \dn hpc nghe cdn mang linh cdo bdng; chinh sach cho vay vd'n chtfa thtfc stf khu\en khich ddng bao dan tpc Khmer hinh Uianh dtfdc cdc viing siin xua'l bang hda lap irung. do quy md cho vay manh mun, thdi gian cho \ a> ngan, ddn trdi cho qud nhieu linh vtfc.
muc tieu. Vd'n de ddt ra la can lich hdp cac chinh sdch tin dung bo trd cho hd ngheo ddng bdo dan tgc Khmer de dam bao san xud't vd kinh doanh.
phat trien nghe; cd chinh sach xda nd. khoanh nd.
gidn nd cho dd'i ttfdng ngheo mat kha ndng tra nd.
Dong thdi, lao dieu kien cho dong bdo tie'p can vd'n cai lao va lai san xua'l (cdc hd chi ihii lam dn nhtfng gap rui ro trong san xud't va kinh doanh) la yeu cau cap bdch bien nay.
3. Mpt sd'giai phap nh^m phat huy hiOu quii ciia chmh sach tin dung do'i vdi dong bao dSn tOc Khmer of Soc TrSng
Nhtfng nam gan da\. tde dpng cua bie'n doi khi hau lam anh htfdng ke hoaeh phdi trie'n kinh l e - xa hdi cua cac dia phtfdng. Ndng ddn, nha'l Id ngtfdi dan ngheo va hd ngheo ddng bao dan tde lhi6u so se la dd'i Itfdng chiu lo'n ihtfdng ndng ne nhd'l do thie'u kha nang lai chinh. thieu dieu kien liep can ihdng tin de cd the dd'i phd kip thdi vdi stf thay doi cua thdi liei va khi hau. VI vay. gidi quye'l nhtfng khd khdn ve vd'n giiip ddng bdo dan tde Khmer phdi trien san xua'l kinh doanh, on dinh cudc sd'ng, ndng cao thu nhap. vtfdn len thodt ngheo, dong thdi phat huy hieu qua chinh sdch tin dung dd'i vdi dong bdo ddn tgc Khmer, can thtfc hien mdt so'giai phap nhtf sau:
Mot Id. stf dunged hieu qud ngudn vd'n ddu ttf trong vd ca ngoai ngan sdch nhd ntfdc cho ddng bao dan lgc Khmer. Tiep iuc ra sodt, xay dtfng cd che'chinh sdch phu hdp vdi dieu kien ihtfc tien d dia phtfdng nham thu hut stf iham gia, ddng gdp Clia cdng dong xd hpi. Cdn da'y manh chuyen dich cdca'u san xua'l ndng nghiep iheo htfdng san xua'l hang hda cd quy md ldn. chd'l Itfdng, gdn vdi thi trtfdng. Dong ihdi. ihtfc hien id'l viec tfng dung va chuyen giao khoa hgc - cdng nghe vdo san xua'l nhdm tao dieu kien thudn Idi trong viee ihtfc hien chinh sach lin dung dd'i vdi ddng bao dan tgc Khmer, mang lai hieu qua cao hdn trong thdi aian tdi.
So 10-Thang 5/2020 177
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phaihu) \ai trd va nang cao hieu qua ciia Undung chinh sach xa hdi. Hien na>. NHCSXH da thtfc hien 18 chtfdng trinh tin dung chinh sach dd'i vdi cdc bd Khmer ngheo.
2. Thli'c trang thdc thi chfnh sach tin dung dd'i vdi dong bao dan tpc Khmer d Soc Trang
Sdc Trang la tinh cd ddng ddng bao dan tpc Khmer d khu vtfc Dong bdng sdng Cii'u Long. Thdi gian qua. viec thtfc thi chinh sach Un dung dd'i vdi dong bdo ddn idc Khmer d Sdc Trdng da dai dtfdc nhtfng thanb itfu sau ngudn vd'n lin dung chinh sach dd de'n vdi 100% cac khdm. d'p trong tinh; da tac dpng loan dien den mgi mat ddi sd'ng ciia ddng bdo dan ipc Khmer, gdp phan thtic day phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vung ddng bao dan lgc thieu so, vung dac biei khd khan. Ddi sd'ng vat cha't \a tinh ihan ciia ddng bao cac dan lgc ngay cang dtfdc cai Ihien, gitip hp dong bao dan idc Khmer vtfdn len khdng dinh vi the eiia minh trong xa hpi. gdp phan xay dtfng mdt xa hdi dan chu, cdng bdng. van minh. Ttf dd, eung cd'va tdng ctfdng niem tin ciia cde lang ldp nhdn ddn vao stf lanh dao ciia Dang, stf dieu hanh cda Nha ntfdc.
Thdng qua \ icc trie'n khai ngudn vd'n lin dung chinh sach, cac id chtfc chinh trj - xa hdi, cdquan khuye'n ndng, khuyen lam. khuyen ngtf da Idng ghep dtfdc cdc chtfdng irinh iu>en iruyen. phd' bie'n. htfdng dan ngtfdi ddn \ e cdc md hinh, each thtfc lam an cd hieu qua. dan dan nang cao nhdn thtfc cho hd ngheo thupc ddng bao ddn lgc thieu so' itfng btfdc iha\ ddi each nghl, cdch lam, biel phdt huy ndi Itfc. itf vtfdn len trong san xual, kinh doanh de lao thu nhap. nhdm giam ngheo ben vtfng. Dong thdi. ihdng qua viec trien khai cac chtfdng trinh lin dung chinh sach eung da gdp phan cung cd'td' chtfc va nang cao cha'l Itfdng hoat ddng ciia cac td' chtfc doan the chinh irj - xa hdi irong linh. Vd'n lin dung khdng nhifng giup ddng bao ddn lgc thieu sd' lam quen vdi \ iec \ay vd'n san xua'l kinh doanh ma cdn giiip hg chu\en bie'n ve nhan ihtfc. giiip dong bao dan tde Khmer itf lin. tie'p can each ihtfc san xud't hang hda. phdt huy stf chQ ddng.
sang lao de vtfdn len. cai ihien va on dinh ddi sd'ng, gdp phan dd> lui tinh trang lin dung den d ndng thdn.
Cdc cap iiy Dang, chinh quyen trong iinh Sdc Trang ludn quan tam cdng lac lanh dao. chi dao
nang cao eha'l Itfdng boat dpng va hieu qua cua cac chtfdng trinh tin dung chinh sach xa hdi tr6n dia ban, gdp phan tich ctfc trong cdng lacgiam ngheo, giai quyel viec Idm. dam bao an sinh xd hdi, xiiy dtfng ndng thdn mdi. Trong giai doan 2016 - 2018 ttf nguon vd'n NHCSXH, tinh da trien khai thtfc hien dau itf 15 chtfdng irlnh tin dung ifU ddi theo chi dmh ciia Chinh phu va mot sd' chtfdng Irinh nhdn iiy thdc dau ttf lai dia phtfdng, dd phat vay ngudn vd'n tin dung tfu dai cho 64.766 Itfdl hd ngheo, hd can ngheo va hd mdi dioat ngh^o (trong dd cd 20.018 Itfdt hd ngheo, 15.280 Itfdt hp can ngheo va 29.468 Itfdt hd mdi Ihodt ngh^o) vdi sd lien la 1.352 ty dong. phue vu dau ttf san xua'l. mua con gid'ng. thtfc an chdn nuoi de phdi trien kinh te gia dinh; phdt \ay cho 2.120 Itfdl hgc sinh, sinh vien cd hoan canh khd khan, vdi kinh phi Id 81,59 ly dong; eho vay giai quye't viee ldm dtfdc 5.062 hd, vdi kinh phi ihtfc hien la 107,278 ty dong; phdt vay cho 11.074 Itfdt hp gia dinh san xua't kinh doanh viing khd khdn. ihtfdng nhan vung khd khdn, hd nghdo ddng bao dan lpc thieu so', vdi sd'tien Id 254,942 ly d6ng[4i.
Hien nay. Sdc Trdng cd 42/80 xa da hodn thdnh chtfdng irlnh muc lieu qud'e gia xay dtfng ndng thdn mdi, hien linh da irtnh ho sd cho Trung tfdng tham dinh dd'i vdi 01 ddn vi cd'p huyen (lhi xa Nga Ndm), dat 100% chi lieu dtfdc giao. Dtf kie'n de'n ndm 2020, linh cdng nhdn them 01 ddn vi cd'p huyen dat chua'n ndng thdn mdi. vu'dt 200% chi lieu dtfdc giaol7|. Ngodi ra, ehinh sdch lin dung dd'i vdi ddng bao dan tpc Khmer Id mpt Irong nhffng ngudn Itfc quan trong trong viec thtfc hien cdc chtfdng irinh an sinh xd hdi tai tinh Sdc Trdng, ILf ngudn vd'n vay tin dung giup hp ngheo va cdc ddi Itfdng chinh sach xd hdi cd dieu kien vtfdt khd, vtfdn len thodt ngheo. gdp phan giam ty'le hp ngheo lif 2 - 3%/ndm. Theo ke't qua di^u Ira, rd sodt, den cudi ndm 2018, i^ng sd'hd ngheo loan tinh la 27.154 hd - ij Id 8,40%, irong dd hd ngheo dan tpc thieu so la 13.605 hp, ly le 11,75%. Tong sd'hd can ngheo nam 2018 la -^8 401 hg ly le 11,87%, trong dd can hp ngheo dun idc ihiiu so la 16.184 hd,ly le 13.98';i51
Nhlnchung.^^cl, - - J u i n dung ddi vdi ddng bao dan toe Ihieu so da lam (.hu ho i vCingc6 dong d6ng bao dan nk Khim;r mat nong thon
ngay cang
(IIANIRI'IJUAIIIV
doi tndl, linh hinh kinh le. ddi sdng ciia ba con ndi day khdng ngifng dtfdc cai ihien. Ddng thdi.
chinh sjch tin dung da tao dieu kien cho hd ngheo. hg can ngheo 6 cdc xd, dp dac biet khd khdn cd \dn phdt irie'n san xual, giai quye'l viec lim. Idng Ihu nhap, ndng cao tinh cdng dong.
Joan kO'i chung tay cung giiip nhau giam ngheo, g(5pphan tich ctfc vao viec phat tri^n kinh le'- xa h^i. giir gin an ninh, iral ttf, an todn xa hpi tren dia bin linh.
Ben canh nhffng thanh itfu dat dtfdc, viec thtfc hitn chinh sdch lin dung ddi vdi ddng bao dan idc Khmer tai linh Sdc Trdng dang gap phdi mpl so' va'n de nhif:
Kinh le ci3a dong bdo ddn idc Khmer d Sdc Tring chu ye'u la san xua'l ndng nghiep, phan ldn ngu'di dan sinh sd'ng d vung sdu, lap qudn sinh hoai vJ canh idc lac hau nen ddi song edn nhieu khd khSn, dan de'n kinh le - xd hpi phdt irie'n cham so
\di idc dp chung ciia lodn linh, Mal khac, ha tang i-(Jsdcdn nhieu yeu kem, nha'l la tinh trang khdng ai dai d, nhd d, dien, ntfdc sinh hoat trong mdt bp phan ddn ctf ngtfdi Khmer; Irinh dp dan tri, ehd'l Iu9ng nguon nhan Itfc chtfa cao. ty le iao dpng ed tay nghe con tha'p. Dong ihdi, ly le so' hd ngheo, can ngh^o cao so vdi cdc ddn idc khac irong iinh Thu nhSp binh quan mgl hd ciia loan linh Sdc Trdng ndm 2018 la 6.683 USD nhtfng thu nhdp binh quan ciia hg dan lpc thieu sd' chi cd 4.009 USDI.I]. Tif dd, dan den hieu qua sir dung nguon vdn lin dung tfu ddi cua dong bdo dan Idc Khmer chim cao; ly lend qua ban, nd xa'u chie'm 1.21%/dtf ni? [6). Trong dd, da so' la hg qud ngheo nhu'ng chtfa c6 chinh sdch xtf ly rui ro; cung nhtf cdn mdt bp phdn hp ngheo khdng dtfdc bd' sung vdo danh sdch kjp thdi, khdng dtfdc lie'p can ngudn vd'n tfu dai;
van cdn tinh trang cao bdng, chia deu vd'n cho cdc fit*' gij dinh md khdng can ctf vdo nhu cau cu the Clia tirng hg.
Nfiii khde, thtfc hien xii' ly nd dd'i vdi hd dong biodanipc thieu sd'ddia phtfdngdi lam dn xagdp rai nhieu khd khdn. Do khdng cd d dia phtfdng nen
••hong the lien hanh \C( ly thu hoi dtfdc, ddn den nrt liem d'n bj rtii ro, lai ton dgng cao anh htfdng den chat Itfdng lin dung. Chtfdng trinh cho vay ciia NHCSXH ciing chtfa gan ke't chdt che giffa hoai dong cho \a>' \d'n lin duns ifu dai \di boat dgna
khuyen ndng, htfdng dan cdch Iam dn. Viec da*.
nghe ndng thdn dcdsd cdn it, vieexei cho \a\ vdn hgc nghe con mang linh cao bdng; chinh sdch cho vay vd'n chtfa ihtfc stf khuye'n khich ddng bao dan tpc Khmer hinh thdnh dtfdc cdc viing san xua'l bang hda lap irung, do quy md eho vay manh miin, thdi gian cbo \ a \ ngan, dan ira i cbo qud nhieu ITnh vtfc.
muc tieu. Van de ddi ra la can lich hdp cac chinh sdch lin dung hd trd cho hd ngheo ddng bdo dan tgc Khmer de dam bao san xua'l vd kinh doanh.
phal irien nghe; cd chinh sdch xda nd, khoanh nd.
gidn nd cho dd'i ttfdng ngheo mat kha ndng Ira nd.
Dong thdi, lao dieu kien cho dong bao lie'p can vd'n cai lao va tdi san xua'l (cdc hd chi thu lam dn nhtfng gap rui ro trong san xua't vii kinh doanh) id yeu cau cap bdch hien na\
3. Mpt sd'giai phap nh^m phat huy hi^u qua cua chinh sach tin dung dd'i vdi dong bao dSn tgc Khmer d Sdc Trang
Nhffng nam gan day. tac ddng cua bien doi khi hau Idm dnh htfdng ke hoaeh phat trien kinhle- xd hgi Clia cdc dia phtfdng. Ndng dan. nhd'l la ngtfdi ddn ngheo vd hd ngheo ddng bdo dan tde thie'u so' se la dd'i ttfdng chiu ton ihtfdng ndng no nhd'l do thie'u khii nang tdi chinh. thie'u dieu kien lie'p can thdng lin de cd the dd'i phd kjp ihdi vdi sif thay dd'i Clia thdi net vd khi hdu. Vl \ay. giai quye'l nhifng khd khdn ve \d'n giiip ddng bao dan tde Khmer phal trien san xud'i kinh doanh, d'n djnh cudc sd'ng, ndng cao thu nhdp, vtfdn len thoai ngheo, ddng ihdi phal huy hieu qua chinh sdch tin dung dd'i vdi dong bdo dan tpc Khmer, can thtfc hien mdt sd'giai phdp nhtf sau:
Mgt Id. stf dung cd hieu qua ngudn vd'n dau ttf trong vd cd ngoai ngdn sdch nha ntfdc cho dong bdo dan ipc Khmer. Tie'p iuc rd soal, xdy dtfng cd che chinh sach phii hdp vdi dieu kien thifc tidn d dia phtfdng nham ihu hiii stf iham gia, ddng gdp ciia cdng ddng xd hdi. Can da'y manh chuyen dich cdca'u san xua't ndng nghiep theo htfdng san xua'l hang hda cd quy md ldn. chd't Iffdng. gd'n
\di thi trtfdng. Dong thdi. thtfc hien td'i viec tfng dung vd chu\en giao khoa hpc - cdng nghe vao siin xua't nhdm laodieu kien ihuan Idi trong viec ihtfc hien chinh sach tin dung dd'i vdi ddng bao dan idc Khmer, mang lai hieu qua cao hdn trong ihdi sian tdi.
So 10-Thang 5/2020 177
IAP H i CONG niraiiG
Hai Id. ve chinh sich hd trd dau ttf ket cau ha tang vung ddng bao dan tgc Khmer. Thdi gian qua, mac diJ dtfdc Dang. Nha ntfdc va chinh quyen dia phtfdng quan ldm dau ttf phai trien tinh Sdc Trdng ndi chung \a vCing ddng bao ddn tgc Khmer ndi rieng, nhtfng viec dau itf cdn it. chtfa ttfdng \tfng vdi tiem ndng. Do dd. can trien khai thtfc hien nghiem uic ehinh sach phdt irien kei cau ha lang nhtf Quye'l djnh so 63S/QD-TTg nga> 28/4/2011 ciia Thu ttfdng Chinh phii. Trong dd. dac biet chii trpng \ay dtfng ke't ca'u ha iang vung cd ddng ddng bdo dan Idc Khmer sinh sd'ng; lap trung im lien phdt men mang Itfdi he thd'ng thiiy Idi phue vu san xudt ndng nghiep cua ddng bdo dan lpc Khmer.
Trung tfdng can quan ldm phan bd ngudn \dn hd ird cho linh Sdc Trang, de dia phtfdng idp irung dau ttf xiiy dtfng cdsd ha lang. thiic da\ phal irien kinh Id - xa hdi \ung ddng bao dan idc. Chinh quyen dia phtfdng can lie'p tuc thtfc hien chinh sjch hd trd cho cdc hd ddng bao khdng cd dat d. da'i san xudl; chuyen doi nghe cho hd ddng bao ddn idc Khmer ngheo va hp ngheo d cdc dp. xa dac biel khd khdn dang ihieu da't san xua't; ket hdp dao tao nghe gdn \di giai quyet \iec lam. tang thu nhap cho ngtfdi ddn.
Ba Id. CO cd che. chinh sdch khoanh nd. xda nd dd'i \di cac trtfdng hdp hd ddng bao dan idc Khmer chi thu ldm an. nhtfng Idm dn thua id.
khdng cdn ttf lieu san xud't, chi di lam ihue kiem sd'ng qua nga>. bo ndi ctf tru di lam an xa: hd qua ngheo. gia ca neo ddn khdng cd kha nang tra nd.
Chinh quyen dia phtfdng can cd nhffng chinh sdch lao thudn Idi cho cdc hd gia dinh Khmer cdn khd khdn \ e \d'ndd ddng tie'p can \d'n tin dung iff cac id chtfc, nhif: tfu ddi lai sua'l. keo ddi thdi han cho
\ a \ . nans cao nguon vd'n \>iy cho cac chu hd
dong bdo dan idc Khmer tham sia \ay vdn la nff;
chia itfng ban mffc vd'n va> iheo dd tudi khac nhau. Ben canh dd, NHCSXH cic cd'p c^n kip ihdi dieu chinh cac chi lieu kd' hoaeh tin dung giffa cac chtfdng tnnh cho vay hp ngh^o. hd c5n ngheo, hd mdi thodt ngheo; Tap trung gidi ngdn he't cac chi tieu ke hoaeh tin dung khdng de ton dong vd'n gay lang phi; Tong hdp nhu ciu vd'n ciia cac ddi ttfdng thu htfdng de de nghi NHCSXH Viel Nam bd' sung nguon vd'n \ay cho dja phtfdng.
Ben canh dd, ciing cd', nang cao cha't Itfdng hoal ddng uy thdc; kien toan, ndng cao cha't Itfdng hoat dpng ciia To Tie't kiem va vay vd'n, dtfa hoat dpng lin dung chinh sdch ngay cdng dn dinh va ben vffng; Theo ddi sat cdc dien bie'n va chat Itfdng tin dung, cd cac bien phdp xtf 1\ kip thdi, nhtf: Tich cifc ddn dd'c ihu hdi nd de'n han, nd qud han; Xtf ly dtft diem nhffng khodn nd chay y; Thanh lap Doan kiem tra chuyen de de kie'm tra va ndm bdt linh hinh chat Itfdng hoat ddng tin dung chinh sach lai cdc huyen, thj xa, thanh phd', nhdmde ra giai phap xtf ly cd hieu qua va nang cao chd'l Itfdng tin dung.
Bon la. tdng ctfdng vai Ird phd'i hdp cua cdc to chi'fc trong be ihd'ng chinh iri. Mat tran To qudc va cac dodn the ciing vdi Ban giam sdt cdng dong trong hoai ddng giam sdt, nhdm ndng cao hieu qud Clia ngudn vdn va>. Thtfc hien nghiem liic che dp thdng tin bdo cdo dinh ky, to chffc sd kel vd td'ng ke'i danh gid rut kinh nghiem thtfc hien chinh sdch lin dung tfu dai cho ddng bao dan tpc thieu so.
Rieng ddng bao dan idc Khmer, can phdt huy linh than Itf life, ttf ctfdng, y chi vu'dn len cua dan lpc minh khi dtfdc vay vd'n iff chinh sdch tin dung, phdi thtfc stf cd nhu cau vay vd'n de san xua'l, stf dung vd'n dung muc dich vd cd hieu qua •
T.AILIEl T H V M K R \ 0 :
1. Le Qudc Ly (20171. Chinh sdch ddi vdi Phdt gido .\am tdng Khmer vd Jon-.; i .•
bg. N\b Chinh ui Qudc gia Stf that. Ha Nui. U-.206-207.
2. 0\ ban nhan diin linh Sue Trang (20]8|. Bdo cdo scl209/BC-UBND ve Tinh hmh i thieu \d. tren dia hdn tinh Sdc Triing.
Khtiie, xtififj Tiiy Nam
" '"' till Mint- dan tgc
QUAN 1R|-QUAN l y
J lj\ ban nhan dan tinh Sdc Tr3ng (2019). Ban ciio so 233/BC-UBND ve Danli gid kei quo Irien khai lliilc liien cic chl/imt; uinh lin dung chinh sdch .xa hoi gop phdn lllltc hien clliuing Innh quoc gia i e gidm nghi'o giai dogn 2016-2020.
4 ijy ban nhan dan tinh Soc Trang (2019). Bdo cdo so !52/BC-L'B\'D ve Viec thitc hien chinh sdch. phdp luat ve Ihuc hi^n Chl/dng Irinh niiu lieu quoc gia Gidm ngheo ben vifng Iren dia bdn viing ddn liic Ihicu sU giai dogn 7012 •20IS.
5, U\ ban nhan dan tinh Sdc Trang (2019). Bdocdo si'i 1 lO/BC-UBND ve Ket qud ddu lit phdi men Unh te - .\d bin vimg ddn lgc thieu so giai dogn 2016 -2018 vd muc lieu, nhiem vu. gidi phdp giai dogn 2021 - 2030.
6.1 \ ban nhan dan linh Sdc Trang (2019). Bdo cda so S6/BC-LB.\D ve Tong kei Nghi qinet ui76/20l-l/QHI.I npiiv 2-1/6/2014 cua Quae hot ve tiep tuc ddy manh thuc hien muc lieu gidm ngllilo ben vitng dan nam 2020 7. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Sdc TriSng (2019), Bdo cdo so 18/BC-UBND ve Tdng kei 10 ndm thilc hien Chiiimg irinh mic neu quoc gia xdy dung ndng than mdi giat dogn 20 IQ- 2020 Iren dia lidn linh Sdc Trdng.
Nsaj nhan bai: 12/4/2020
Nj;ii> phan bi^n danh gia va sii'a chiia: 22/4/2020 NRii.v cha'p nh^n dSng bai: 2/5/2020
Thdng tin Idc gid:
l.ThS-NGUYfiNTHITHE 2. ThS. CO THANH TRUNG Trifiing Chinh tri tinh Soc Trang
THE CREDIT POLICY FOR ETHNIC KHMER LrVING IN SOC TRANG PROVWCE:
THE STATUS QUO AND SOLUTIONS
• Master. NGUYEN THI THE
• Master, CO THANH TRUNG School ot Politics - Soc Trang Province
ABSTRACT:
The credit policy for ethnic minorities living in Soc Trang Province has played an important lole in promoting the achievement of socio-economic development and job creation targets, and increasing the income of households and helping diem gradualK stabilize their life and escaping poverty. This paper studies die implementation of credit poUcy for ethnic IChmer hving in Soc Trang Province, thereby proposing some solutions to enhance die effectiveness of Ihis credit pohcy in die coming time.
Kewyords: Credit policy, eUinic Khmer, social policy, Soc Trang Provmce.
So 10-Thong 5/2020 179
