TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
THlJC TRANG K H O I NGHIEP DOI M(5l SANG TAO TAI VIET NAM:
KHO KHAN VA GIAI PHAP
• DLfdNG NGOC HONG
TOM TAT:
Tinh than khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao (DMST) hien trd thanh mot tx( khda duTdc tim kiem nhieu nhd't tai nhieu qud'c gia trong nhiing nam gdn day. Trong dd, Vidt Nam xac dinh tinh thin khdi nghiep DMST la yen tdcd't Idi lao ra thanh cdng ciia cdc doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, cdc chi sd ve khdi nghiep DMST eua Viet Nam vdn cdn du'ng sau nhieu mfdc trong khu vdc nhif Singapore, Malaysia. Di hen dd Id cd che ehinh sdch vdn chifa thife sd tao ra cu hicb manh cho hoat ddng khdi nghidp. Ndi dung chu yd'u cua bai bao tap trung phan lich hien trang thuc day khdi nghiep DMST lai Viet Nam, dong thdi chi ra nhu'ng bd't eSp cung nhif thdch thdc hien nay. Cud'i ciing, bai viet de xua't mot sd' giai phdp nham thuc ddy boat ddng khdi nghiep DMST.
TH khda: Khdi nghiep, doi mdi sdng tao, doanh nghiep, kinh te.
1. Tong quan nghien cd'u, cd sd ly thuye't 1.1. Dinh nghla khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo Khdi nghiep theo lif dien tie'ng Vidt difde giai nghTa Id bdt ddu sif nghiep. Dinh nghia khdi nghiep ciing thay ddi qua thdi gian vdi cac nha nghien cdu khde nhau. De'n dau the ky 20, dinh nghia khdi nghifip da difdc hodn thien va difdc dien dat la qua trinh lao difng mdt to' cbtic kmh doanh va ngffdi khdi nghiep la ngu'di sdng lap nen doanh nghiep dd. De phan biet "khdi nghidp" vdi hoat ddng "lap nghiep thdng thffdng", khai mem khdi nghiep dffde gan vdi dac thu la dda tren sang tao, vi vay thu'dng ddng khdi niem "khdi nghiep DMST". Trong van ban ehinh sach hien nay d Viet Nam, doanh nghiep khdi nghiep DMST difdc md ta Id "loai hinh doanh nghiep cd kha nang tang tnfdng nhanh difa tren khai thdc tai san ti-i tue, edng nghe, md hinh kinh doanh mdi"'. Theo edc tdi lieu hoc thudt qud'e te. Startup Id doanh nghiep hoac mdt id ehffc lam thdi, dffdc thiet ke' de dm ra mdt md hinh hoat ddng cd the lap lai hoac md rdng nhanh ehdng (Blank, 2010). 6 Viet
Nam, thffdng diing thuat ngif "khdi nghiep DMST"
(Startup) dd' phan biet vdi lap nghiep thdng thifdng nhff md quan phd hay c&a hdng bdn quan do.
Tuy nhien, khdng phai bd't cff ai cung cd tiem nang de md mdt doanh nghidp rieng (Learned, 2002). Mdt ngffdi khdi nghiep tiem nang id ngffdi ddn lay cd hdi de thanh lap cdng ty rieng ngay khi cdhdi xud't hien (Shapero, 1981). Sff khdi nghiep la mdt qud trinh bdt dau ttf vide nhan biet cd hpi, tff dd phdt trien y tffdng de theo dud'i cd hdi qua viec thanh lap cdng ty mdi. Theo td' chu'c Global Entrepreneurship Monitor thi mdt doanh nghiep khi vffa thanh lap se trdi qua 3 giai doan tff hinh thanh, phat trien y tffdng de'n thanh lap doanh nghiep va cuo'i ciing Id duy tri va phat trie'n doanh nghiep. Hien nay, cac qud'c gia tren the' gidi nghien cffu de tai ti^m nang khdi nghiep rd't nhieu.
Cac qud'c gia nay ed tam nhin hffdng v^ mdt xa hdi, dd't nffdc td't dep, gidu manh khi cd nhffng doanh nghiep mdi dffdc thanh lap de' cung cd'p cdc gid tri mdi cho toan xa hdi.
134 So 8 - T h d n g 5/2019
KINHTE
1.2. He sinh thdi khdi nghiep
Theo To chdc Hdp lac va Phat trien Kinh te' (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD), He sinh thai khdi nghiep la
"td'ng hdp cac md'i lien ke't chinh thffc va phi chinh thffc giffa: cac chii the khdi nghiep (tiem nang hoac hi6n tai); td chdc khdi nghiep (cdng ty, nha dau tff mao hi^m, nhd dau Iff thien than, he thd'ng ngan hang), va edc cd quan lien quan (h-ffdng dai hoc, cac ed quan nha nffde, cac quy dau tff cdng) va tie'n trinh khdi nghiep (ti le thanh lap doanh nghiep, so' Iffdng doanh nghiep cd ri le tang trffdng td't, so' lu'dng cdc nha khdi nghiep) tdc ddng trffc tid'p de'n mdi tnfdng khdi nghiep tai dia phffdng" (Mason, C.
&Brown,R.,2014).
Theo dinh nghTa ciia Dien dan Kinh le The'gidi (Worid Economic Forum, 2013) He sinh thai khdi nghiep bao gdm cac ye'u id' sau: (1) Thi trffdng; (2) Ngiidn nhdn life; (3) Ngudn vdn vd tai chinh; (4) He thd'ng hd tid khdi nghiep (iff vd'n); (5) Khung phdp ly va ed sd ha lang; (6) Giao due va dao tao;
(7) Cdc trffdng dai hpc, hoc vien; va (8) Van hda qud'c gia.
1.3. Bdi hgc tiX mot sdquoc gia 1.3.1. Israel - Qudc gia khdi nghiep Israel cd mat do cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep Idn nhd't tren the gidi, cff 1.844 ngffdi dan Israel thi cd I doanh nghiep khdi nghiep. Vdi dan sd'gan 8,5 trieu ngffdi, Israel cd so'Iffdng edng ly niem ye't tren san chffng khoan NASDAQ (My) nhieu hdn cua Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban, An Do, Han Qud'c hay bat eti qud'e gia nao d chau Au. Hien nay, Israel dang ed them nhieu cdng ty khdi nghiep ve cdng nghe eao vd ed mdt so' Iffdng ldn nguon dau tff mao hidm tmh tren binh qudn dau ngffdi - nhieu hdn ba't k^ qudc gia nao khde trdn the gldi^.
1.3.2. Singapore - Thung lung Siliccm ciia chau A
Nam 2015 la nam thff 10 lien tiep Singapore dffng dau trong bang xe'p hang ve mdi trffdng kinh doanh hang nam cua Nhdm Ngan hang The' gidi va Bao qud'c Sff tu- dffdc menh danh la "Thung lung Silicon ciia chau A". Td The Economist dd ddnh gid Block7P la "he sinh thdi khdi nghiep ddng ddc nhat the gidi" va ddy cd the dffde xem la mot bie'u tffdng ndi tie'ng nhd't ve sff phat tiien cua Singapore nhff mdt tmng tdm khdi nghiep. Dffde xe'p hang dau trong danh sach thdnh pho doi mdi nhd't ehdu A -
Thdi Binh Dffdng (the Most Innovative Cities in Asia Pacific).
1.3.3. Mot sdqudc gia khde
- Phdp: Chinh phu cd chinh sdch giam thue vd eac khoan phi xa hdi eho cdc doanh nghiep nhd mang tinh sang lao ed tudi ddi dffdi 8 nam vd ddnh 15% chi phi cho R&D.
- Hdn Qudc: Chinh phu hien vdn dang md rdng cac hd trd tdi chinh va ky thudt cho cac ddanh nghiep nhd vd vffa, cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep, thdng qua cae ehinh sdch mdi ve viec chap nhSn cdc cdng nghe nhff la mot the chd'p (tai san tri tue) trong vay vd'n ngan hdng, eung cd'p ede khoan trd cd'p eho edc doanh nghiep nhd va vffa trong viec thu6 nhdn Iffc R&D, cung ffng cdc thdng tin cdng nghe va dich vu cdng nghe cho edc doanh nghiep nhd va vffa.
- Trung Quo'c: T\i nam 1999, Chinh phii da cung cap cdc khoan trd cap danh cho cac doanh nghiep nhd dffa tren cdng nghe.
- Brazil: Chinh phu Lien bang da tao ra nhilu chffdng trinh mdi tap trung cho ede doanh nghiep nhd vd vffa vao cud'i nhffng nam 1990 trong viec ddi mdi va chuyen giao cong nghe thdng qua boat ddng eho vay va dao tao, dac biet dieu nay cang dffde Cling CO trong ludt ve ddi mdi nam 2004.
2. ThiYc trang khdi nghidp dd'i mdi sang tgo 2.1. The'gidi
Bao cao Chi sd Do mdi Toan eau 2017/2018 (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2017/18 Report) Id bdo cao thff 19 lien tie'p dffdc xay dffng de' theo ddi thifc trang khdi nghiep tren loan cau theo nhieu giai doan tff doanh nhdn tiem nang de'n khi khdi nghiep vd phat trie'n dn dinh vdi nhffng dieu kien ve he sinh thai khdi nghidp tai mdi qud'c gia. Bdo eao nay dffa tren ke't qua khao sat hdn 164 nghin ngifdi trffdng thanh (Adult Population Survey - APS) va khao sdt hdn 2000 ehuyen gia (National Expert Survey - NES) lai 54 nen kmh le. (Bang I).
Khao sat Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) ddnh gid chd't Iffdng cua hB sinh thdi khdi nghiep DMST thdng qua cudc khao sdt chuyen gia Cudc khao sat nay tap trung vao cac ye'u to' cd anh hffdng den ca nhdn ngffdi khdi nghiep va cac boat ddng khdi nghiep hdn la cac ye'u td' mdi trffdng kinh te vT md. Nhin chung cd sd ha tang tiep tuc la chi sd dffde xe'p hang cao nhd't trong he sinh thdi khdi nghiep. Chi sd'cd diem tha'p nha't la giao due
So 8-Thang 5/2019 135
TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
Bang 1. Cdc ni/dc tham gia GEM 2017 theo khu vifc vd trinh dp phat trien
C i c nirdrc p h i t (rlEn dgri trSn nguon life (Giai do^n I)
Madagascar India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Viet N a m
Cic nirorc p h a t trien dg^ tr£n hifu q u a {Giai doan II) Egypl, M o r o c c o ,
South Africa China. Indonesia,
Malaysia.
Saudi Arabia, Thailand U b i
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, C o l o m b i a , Ecuador, G u a t e m a l a ,
Mexico, Panama, Peru, U n i g u a y
Bulgaria. Croatia, Bosnia &
Herzegovina. Latvia.
Poland, Slovakia
Cdc mrifc p h i t Irifn d^ra t r e n dSi moi (Giai do^n III)
Australia, Israel, Qatar, Republic o f South Korea,
T a i w a n , Japan, United A r a b Emirates
Cyprus, Estonia, France, G e r m a n y , Greece,
Ireland, Italy, L u x e m b o u r g , Netherlands, Slovenia,
S w e d e n , Switzerland, Spain, Linitcd K i n g d o m C a n a d a , United States Ngudn: GEM 2017/18 Global Report
kinh doanh trong trffdng tieu hpc va trung hoc. Mot tin hieu tich cffc la khoang mdt nffa cac chi so'cua hd sinh thdi khdi nghiep d cac nin kinh td' da dffdc cai thien so vdi nam 2016, trong dd cai thien manh nhd't la tdi chinh cho khdi nghiep, gido due kinh doanh trong trffdng tieu hoc va trung hoc, sff nang ddng cua thi trffdng ndi dia.
2.2. Viet Nam
Khi so sdnh he sinh thai khdi nghiep DMST d Viet Nam vdi 54 nffdc khac tren the gidi (GEM, 2017), bai chi so' eua Viet Nam cd thff hang cao nhat la: Nang ddng cua thi trffdng ndi dia (5/54), Van hda vd ehuan mffc xa bdi (6/54). Co sd ha tang, cbi sd' cd diem trung binh cao nhd't d Viel Nam, cd thff hang cao thff ba trong sd' 12 chi sd' cua he sinh thdi khdi nghiep, xe'p thff 10/54. Hai chi so' cd thff hang cao tie'p theo dd la Dd md cua thi trffdng ndi dia (12/54) vd Chinh sach Chinh phu (13/54). Viec chi sd chinh sdch cua Chinh phu dCi cbi dffdc ddnh gid d mffc 2,4/5 diem nhffng vdn xe'p thff 13/54, cho thd'y viec cd he thd'ng chinh sdch tdt vd hieu qua nham thiic dd'y khdi nghiep va phat trien kinh doanh ddy khdng chi la vd'n de cua rieng Viet Nam ma la cua nhieu nffdc tren the gidi. Ba ehi so trong h6 smh thdi khdi nghiep cd thff hang thd'p nhd't eua Viet Nam nam 2017 Id: Tdi chinh
cho kinh doanh (39/54), Gido due kinh doanh sau phd thdng (40/54) vd Chffdng trinh hd trd Chinh phu (43/54). (Bang 2).
Bao cao GEM lodn cau 2017/18 da tie'p luc chi ra sff khac biet ve dieu kien kinh doanh d 3 nhdm nen kinh te theo trinh dp phat trien. Nhin chung, dieu kien kinh doanh cd xu hffdng td't dan len edng vdi trinh do phat trien kinh te, nghia la nen kinh te cang phat tri^n, dieu kidn kinh doanh cang cd xu hffdng dffdc cai thien. Hinh 1 cho thd'y ro nhffng thuan Ipi va can trd ve he sinh thai khdi nghiep DMST d Viet Nam khi so vdi mffc trung binh eua cac nffdc theo giai doan phdt trien.
Bd'n ye'u td' cd the coi la thuan ldi hcfn cho hoat ddng khdi nghiep DMST d Viet Nam so vdi cac nffde khac chinh la 4 chi so' ma Viet Nam cd thff bang eao nhd't: tinh nang dpng cua thi trffdng ndi dia, van hda va chuan mffc xa hdi, cd sd ha tang va dp md cua thi trffdng ndi dia.
Nhffng ehi so' nay dffdc ddnh gia la td't hPn ea mffc trung binh d eac nffdc thuoc giai doan III. Ngffdc lai, bd'n ye'u to cd the coi Id kem tao thuan ldi cho khdi sff kinh doanh d Viet Nam hdn so vdi cac nffdc khde chinh Id bd'n ye'u to' ma Viet Nam cd vj tri thd'p nhd't Id: giao due ve kmh doanh d bae pho thdng, giao due ve kinh doanh sau phd thdng, tai chinh cho kmh doanh va chffdng trinh hd tip cua Chinh phu. Nhffng chi sd ndy dffde ddnh gid la kem hdn mffc trung binh cua cdc nffdc thudc giai doan 1, eung giai doan phdt trien vdi Viel Nam.
3. Chinh sach va cac hoat dpng hd trgt tH Chmh phu
Trong van ban chinh sdeh hien nay d Viet Nam, doanh nghiep khdi nghiep. Mdt so thie't che (quy, de an, chffdng irinb,...) da dffdc trien khai tren pham vi toan qud'c, vdi muc lieu tff va'n, hd trd, thuc day hoat ddng khdi nghiep DMST nhff:
- Quye't dinh so 844/QD-TTg ngdy 18/5/2016 cua Thu tffdng Chinh phu phe duyet De an "H6 trd he sinh thai khdi nghiep DMST qud'c gia den
KINH TE
Bang 2. ThCf hgng cac chi so trong he sinh thai khdi nghiep DiWST 6 Vi#t Nam 20i3-20i7
DieU kl^n kinh doanb
NaUg dong cii3 flli tmimg Q91 di3 Van hoa va ctaiSn mitcxiboi Co so ha laUg D6 ma cua ihi iiuong n<ii dia Gimh sach Chinh phi, Qu\' diuh Chmh phu Chuyen p a o cong
G i i o d y c k d t a c p h o
Dicti vu hd tra kinh doanh Tai chmh cho kmh doanh Giao due kd sau phe thong Cfainmg mnh ho Iro Chinh phu
2017
Diim
4.15
3.62
4 19
2.79
2 4
3 0 ;
2.19
1-S3
2S2
2,27
2.61
2.09 T h i i bang/54
5
6
10
P
13
25
34
34
36
39
40
43 2015 Bitm
3,59
3.23
4,07
2.51
2.78
2,62
2,33
U 7
2,93
2,12
2,53
2,14 Thir h>iie/62
11
14
17
28
15
25
30
47
42
50
47
50
2013
B i ^
3,50
3.10
3 J 8
2,66
2.89
2.77
2.54
1.97
2,89
2,40
2,64
2 ^ Thfr II«IIB/69
15
20
43
32
20
13
20
46
45
42
SO
38
Ngudn: Khdo sdt chuyen gia tren todn cdu cdc ndm 2013-2017
Hinh 1: He sinh thai Ichdi nghiep DMST d Viet Nam so vdi cac nUdc tren the gidi ndm 2017
Vac hoa I'n chuan
•iiicxahui
C a w ^ ^ - - ^ ha lang . - - ' ' i - - ' ' ^ ^
Bif ma cua thi vA tiuoi^ Doi dia /]!
Nang dong cua thi . — - N tnnmg noi dia
Dich vu ho ITO kmh doanh
Vi^t Nam Cac miac dua tien hicu qua
Tai chmh cho kuih doanh
4
-;;;J___
.^1
!-ffrq=*
Chuyen giao cong nghe -
Quy dinh /Chmh phu
Chinli 5 ach Cliinh phu
fX a u , a n , l m h h J
- Ciao due kd bac pho thong
Giao difc kd sau pho thong
— Cac nircrc dtra tren nguon l\'c
— Cac nuoc dya lien doi moi
Nguon: GEM 2017/18 Global Report
nam 2025", nham tuyen chgn eac to ehffc cung ca'p djch vu hd trd khdi nghiep DMST^
Quy Khdi nghiep doanh nghiep KH&CN dffde thanh lap ngay 16/12/2014 theo Quye't dinh so' 1286/QD-BNV eua Bd trffdng Bd Ndi vu nham thu hiit ddi ngii tri thffc, to chffc, cd nhan, doanh nhdn, nhd khoa hoc ddng gdp vao cdc linh vffc phdt trien kinh le, tham gia thdnh Idp ede doanh nghiep KH&CN^;
- Chffdng trinh Thanh nien Khdi nghiep giai doan 2016-2021, nham tao lap mdi trffdng thuan ldi de thiic dd'y, hd trO thanh nien trong qud trinh khdi nghiep, DMST^;
- Chffdng trinh TECHFEST la sff kien thffdng nien cua Chinh phu ddnh cho cdng ddng khdi nghiep DMST, nham quy tu cae dd'i tac trong he sinh thai khdi nghiep DMST^.
4. Khd khan va thach thu'c 4.1. Thie'u chinh sdch du tien cho khdi nghiep DMST
Chinh sach hd trd phat trien khu vffc kinh te' tff nhan van chffa du manh. Cac doanh nghiep FDI chffa lan Ida, cdm re sdu vao kmh te'dia phffdng. Cd the nhan dinh, cdng ddng Stamp d Viet Nam chffa that sff dffdc ffu lien. Thi du: hien ed hon 20 quy dau tff mao hiem cd boat ddng dau tff eho khdi nghiep DMST tai Vidt Nam. Tuy nhien, hau he't la cac quy nffdc ngoai, chi cd van phdng dai dien tai Viet Nam. Dieu nay can suy nghi tff gdc nhin ehinh sach. Ne'u khdng xdy dffng hdnh lang phap ly phu hdp, cac nhd dau tff mao hiem nffdc ngoai se khdng Iffa chpn Viet Nam ma thay vao dd la cac nffdc khde d khu vffc Ddng Nam A. Ngodi ra, ede Startup trong nffdc cd the se ra nffdc ngodi de Idp nghiep^.
So 8-Thang 5/2019 137
TAP CHi CQNG THIfdNG
4.2. Thu tuc chiia phu hdp dgc thd cda khdi nghiep DMST
Viee xin xac nhdn sd hffu tri tue (SHTT) hodc ban quyen cung td'n thdi gian, ma xin tai nffdc ngoai thi it dffdc cdng nhdn. Vd'n de bao hd quyen SHTT ra't quan trong ddi vdi doanh nghigp khdi nghiep DMST. Tuy nhien, hien tai d Viet Nam, cdc thii tiic dang ky bao hd SHTT edn ddi hdi rd't nhieu thdi gian, ma khdng cd hieu qua cao, viee bao hd kem (rat nhilu trffdng hop dang ky rdi md khi ed ede ddn vi nhai hoac thdm chi dn cap tri tue de ihffOng mai tbi cd quan chffc nang cung khdng hanh ddng tich cffc). Vi vdy, nhieu doanh nghiep phai td'n cdng sffc tff lao rao can cdng nghe de canh tranh.
4.3. He sinh thdi khdi nghiep DMST con nhieu hgn che
Mac du thffc trang khdi nghiep d Viet Nam nam 2017 cd nhieu cai thien giup cho ty le ngffdi tham gia khdi sff kinh doanh da tang Idn, tuy nhien vdn cdn nhieu chi sd' ma Viet Nam kem xa so vdi cac nffdc eung trinh dd phdt trien kinh te va edc nffdc Irong khu vffc, trong dd phai ke de'n nhff: sff lo sd that bai trong kinh doanh, khd nang kinh doanb, linh vffc kinh doanh va yeu to ddi mdi sang lao trong kinh doanh... Trong khi dd, nhffng diem ye'u eua he sinh thdi khdi nghiep d Viet Nam nhff Chffdng trinh hd trd ciia Chinh phu, Chuyen giao cdng nghd, Chinh sach cua Chinh phu,... vdn khdng dffdc cai thien so vdi cdc nam 2013-2015.
Tam ly chung cua eac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep DMST cho rang: cac ddn vi nha nffdc thffc hidn cdng viec cham chap, thu tuc "nhieu khe" va kem hieu qud.
5. Mdt so'khuyen nghi va giai phap 5.1. Cdn tiep tuc cdi thien moi trddng kinh doanh
- Nhd nffdc can tie'p tuc kien dinh cac chinh sdch on dinh kinh te' vT md, kiem che' lam phdt, xdy dffng Idng tin eho ngffdi kinh doanh. Cde chinh sdeh phai de dff doan, de lien lieu de ngffdi dan dff kie'n dffdc ke' hoach kinh doanh cua minh. Can phai giam sdt qud trinh thffc thi ehinh sach de dam bdo cde ed quan chffc nang trid'n khai thffc hien dung vdi cac yeu cau chinh sach da de ra
- Cdc Bd, nganh tie'p luc gd bd cdc rdo can trong kinh doanh, rd sodt lai ede nhffng quy dinh ve phdp luat cd lien quan de'n kinh doanh de khdng
can trd cac boat ddng khdi sff kinh doanh, tranh hinh sff hda cae hoat ddng kinh doanh, kien quyd't loai bd cae gid'y phep con ve cac dieu ki6n kinh doanh gdy can trd cho vide kinh doanh.
- Tang cffdng cdng tac phd bie'n thdng tin Uii trffdng thdng qua ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin dl giup ngffdi dan nhan biet dffdc nhu cau ctia thi trffdng tff do nay sinh eac y Iffdng kinh doanh thay vi khdi sff kinh doanh vi de giai quye't nhu cau cua cudc sd'ng. Nghien cffu GEM da cho thd'y nhu'ng ngffdi khdi nghiep de tan dung cd hdi tff thi tnidng thffdng cd khd nang thanh cdng cao hdn vd cd ccf bdi phdt trien hdn so vdi nhffng ngffdi khdi nghiep vi nhu cau thie't yeu.
5.2. Xdy ddng cdc chidmg ttinh ho trd, khuyen khich phdt trien khdi nghidp DMST
- Cae ehinh sach, chffdng trinh hd trd khdng nen chi tap trung vao viec khdi nghiep, thdnh l^p doanh nghiep ma eung can khuyen khich cac hoat ddng khdi nghidp trong doanh nghiep: tuySn truyen, hd trd va hffdng dan cac doanh nghiep trich lap quy phdt trien khoa hpc va cdng ngh6; trien khai ed hieu qua ede ehinh sdch ffii dai cac doanh nghiep thffc hien cac boat ddng DMST.
- Cdc chffdng trinh hd trd khdi nghiep khdng nen phdn bd ddn trai md cd sff chon loe, ffu lien dinh hffdng khdi nghidp eho cae ITnh vffc mui nhon.
Theo nghien cffu GEM, mdt nen kinh le phdt trien chuyd'n sang giai doan cao hdn, can cd sff chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh te' theo hffdng lang ly trong cac boat ddng kmh doanh trong ITnh vffc chd' bien va phue vu doanh nghidp, nhd't Id cde nganh cdng nghe thdng tin truyen thdng, dich vu tai ehinh, dich vu phat trien kinh doanb.
- Trien khai ed hieu qua cac ehinh sdch hd trd, khuyd'n khich nghien cffu va ffng diing thanh iffu KHCN vdo san xud't, day manh cae dich vu h6 trd phdt trien ihi trffdng de nang cao kha nang eanh tranh cua tffng doanh nghiep va loan bg nin kinh te. Tang cffdng edng tdc thdng tin, tuyen truyen vd ndng cao nang Iffc ve hdi nhap kinh le qud'e te, day manh cdc dich vu bd trd phat trien thi trffdng de nang eao kha nang canh tranh cua iffng doanh nghiep.
5.3. cdn cdi thien he sinh thdi khdi nghifp de thiic day phong trao khdi nghiep va phdt trihi kinh doanh
- Day manh eac boat ddng lien ket giffa cac
138 So 8 - T h a n g 5/2019
KINH TE
trffdng dai hoc, vien, trung tam nghien cffu vdi cac doanh nghiep de dng dung vd thffdng mai hda cac ke't qua nghien cffu, nhd't la trong ITnh vffc cdng nghe thdng tin, ndng nghiep cong nghe cao. Tie'p tuc phdt huy vai trd cau nd'i eua Bd Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe, ben eanh dd thiic day phdt trien eac tdc trung tam, san ket nd'i cung cau ve edng nghe, thdng qua viec td chffc cdc hdi thao, dien dan, hoi chd ke't nd'i cdng nghe.
- Tie'p tuc hoan thien cd sd ha tdng phuc vu kinh doanh, dac biet la he thd'ng giao thong vdn tdi, xff ly nffdc thai, cac khu cdng nghiep. Quan tam de'n hinh thanh ede cum cdng nghiep, ndi cd cac doanb nghiep ldn, Tdp doan da qud'e gia Idm dau tau de thu hut cac doanh nghiep trong cdng nghiep phu trd. Mat khac, Viet Nam cung can xay dffng va ban hdnh ede cd ehe ehinh sdeh phii hdp de khuye'n khich thanh phan tff nhan tham gia dau tff vdo cd sd ha tang, giao thdng.
- Xdy dffng mdt ed quan dau md'i tap hdp cdc chffdng trinh hd trd kinh doanh eua Chinh phu de doanh nghiep va nhffng ngffdi lam kmh doanh de dang de'p can. Can sdm ban hdnh van ban hffdng ddn thi hanh vd trien khai cd hieu qud Luat Ho trd Doanh nghiep nhd vd vffa (DNNVV) theo tinh
than tao dieu kidn thudn ldi cho viec huy ddng ngudn Iffc xa hdi de cung vdi Nhd nffdc hd trd phdt trien DNNVV.
5.4. Cdc khuye'n nghi do'i vdi cdc hiep hoi doanh nghiep, doanh nghiep vd cgng dong khdi nghi$p
•- Tang cffdng cdng tdc thdng tin, tuyen truyen va ndng eao nang Iffe ve hoi nhdpkinh te qud'c td', da'y manh cac dich vu hd trd phdt trien tbi trffdng de nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua tffng doanh nghiep de cd the tham gia dffdc vao mang sdn xud't va chudi gid tri loan eau.
- Chu ddng vd tich cffc tham gia vao viec gdp y xdy dffng cac van ban phdp luat lien quan de'n kinh doanh eung nhff cai thien mdi trffdng kinh doanh.
Xay dffng mot mang Iffdi xa hdi edc dieh vu iff vd'n, cd' va'n de' bd trd cho cac hoal ddng khdi nghiep va kinh doanb. Dieu nay dac biet quan trgng dd'i vdi cdc doanh nhdn tre vd doanb nhdn nff.
- Tan dung cdng nghe ky thuat sd' de' tao ra cac sdn pham, dieh vu vd md hinh kinh doanh mdi.
Tich cffc Ibiic ddy boat ddng khdi nghiep trong doanh nghiep thdng qua khuye'n khich ddi mdi sdng tao cua cac nhdn vien, tang cffdng ddu tff vdo cac boat ddng nghien cffu ffng dung •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'Quyet dinh sd 844/QD-TTg ngdy 18/5/2016 phe duyet De dn "Hd trg he sinh thai khdi nghiep DMST qud'c gia de'n ndm 2025". Dinh nghTa doanh nghiep khdi nghiep DMST trSn ddy Id ke thita khdi niem khdi nghiep ciia cdc loai hinh
"emerging high-growth companies", "early-stage innovative companies", "entrepreneurs" hay "startups" trong cdc van ban chinh sdch vd cdc nghien cdu tren thi gldi.
^De dn Hdnh trinh khdi nghiep. IDG Ventures.
^Mot tod nhd gdn INSEAD, trudng dgi hgc kinh doanh hdng ddu, Trudng Dgi hgc Qudc gia Singapore vd cdc khu vUc nghien cdu vd phdt tnen sdng tgo dugc Chinh phii bdo trg nhU Fusionoplis and Biopolis. tWl cd hdng tram doanh nghiep khdi nghiep dang tap trung.
^Tuyen chgn cdc to chdc ho tra khdi nghiep doi mdi sdng tao, 17/3/2017, http://khoahocvacongnghevietnam.
com.vn/khcn-trung-uong/15001-tuyen-chon-cac-to-chuc-ho-tro-khoi-nghiep-doi-moi-sang-tao.html
^Hd trg khdi nghiep thong qua Quy Khdi nghiep doanh nghiSp khoa hgc vd cdng nghe Viet Nam, 16/12/2014.
^Trung umg Dodn TNCS HCM, Chuang trinh Thanh men Khdi nghiSp giai dogn 2016-2021, 16/10/2016, http://vcci. com. vn
^Chuang trinh TechFe.st 2016. 21/11/2016. http://vcci.com vn
%ttp://www.baomoi.com 21/9/2016, Pham Hong Qudt, Cue trUdng Cue Phdt Irien thi IrUdng vd doanh nghiep KH&CN, Bg KH&CN, Hgi thdo qudc le "Tgo dUng he sinh ihdi khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo - bdi hgc thuc lien Id Israel"
So 8-Thang 5/2019 139
TAP CHi CONG T H K U N G
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Bdo cdo Chi so Khdi nghiep d Viet Nam 2017/2018, Phong Thuong mgi vd Cdng nghiep Viet Nam - VCCI 2. Blank, S. (2010), Wliat's A Startup/ Fir.sl Principles. http.s://steveh!ankconv2010/01/25/whats-a-starnip-first- principles/.
3. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor - GEM 2017/18 Global Report.
4. Learned, K.E. (1992). What Happened Before Ihe Organization? A Model of Organization Formation.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16, 39-48.
5. Mason, C & Brown, R (2014). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. OECD. The Hague.
6 World Economic Forum (2013). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.
7 Shapero. A. (1981). Self-renewing econonomies. Economic Development Commentary, 5(Apr), 19-22.
Ngay nh§n bai: 5/4/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chu'a: 15/4/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 25/4/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. Dl/ONG NGOC HONG Khoa Kinh doanh Qud'c td'- Marketing Trifoing Dai hoc Kinh td'Thanh phd'H^ Chi Minh
CURRENT SITUATION
OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION IN VIETNAM:
DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS
• MBA. DUONG NGOC HONG School of International Business - Marketing
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
The entrepreneurial innovation has become one of the most concerned topics in many counhies in recent years. In Viehiam, the entrepreneurial innovation has been identified as the core factor to create the success of enterprises. However, the indicators for the entrepreneurial innovation of Vietnam are still behind the indicators of many countries In the region, such as Singapore and Malaysia. In addiuon, the policy mechanism of Vietnam has not really created a strong promotion for start-up activities. This article focuses not only on analyzing the current status of promoting the entrepreneurial innovation in Vietnam but also identifying the challenges related to die entrepreneurial innovation m Vietnam. This paper also proposes solutions to promote the entrepreneurial innovation in Vietnam.
Keywords: Start-up, innovation, enterprise, economy.
140 So 8 - T h a n g 5/2019
