HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V E SINH T H A I V A TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THLf 5
NGHIEN CUtJ TRI THlTC BAN DIA CUA NGUOI BAHNAR TRONG KHAI THAC VA SU" DUNG TAI NGUYEN RlTNG 6 VUNG DEM VU'ON QUOC GIA KON KA KINH, TINH GIA LAI
NGUYEN THI THU HA Trirdng Cao ddng Sir pham Gia Lai Dan tgc Bahnar thudc he ngCr Nam A, nhdm Mdn-Kh'me, la mgt trong cac dan tpc ban dja Tay Nguyen giau ban sac van hda, sinh tuchu yeu tren dia ban tinh Gia Lai, Kon Tum [1,6,7,9].
Ddng bao dan tgc Bahnar sdng hai hda, gdn bd va phu thudc vao rung da due ket nen h? thong tri Ihuc ban dja trong khai thae va su dung lai nguyen rung. He thdng tri thiic nay phong phu v^
ngi dung, da dang ve the thiic, cd y nghTa khoa hgc va thuc tien, dang bj mai mgt, bien cai triroc su thay ddi cua dieu kien lu nhien, kinh le-xa hgi. Kel qua nghien ciru ctia de tai la co sd cho nhung hoach djnh chinh sach phat trien ben viJng lai nguyen rung dua vao cdng ddng va bao ton ban sac van hda dan tgc Bahnar.
I. PHirOT^G PHAP NGHIEN CUtI
Phucmg phap "Danh gia nhanh ndng thdn cd su tham gia ciia ngudi dan" (Participatoiy Rural Appraisal-PRA) [1, 4, 5, 8] dugc thuc hien vdi 294 cugc phdng van ban cdu triic doi vdi cac hd dan 4 xa viing dem vao 4 dgt (bang 1), ngi dung phdng vdn tap trung vao lo£ii san pham, thdi gian, each thirc, ddi tugng tham gia (gidi tinh, tudi) khai thae, muc dich su dung va nhung thay ddi trong giai doan hien nay.
Bdngl So ho tham gia, thdi gian phong van tai viing dem Vuon Quoc gia (VQG) Kon Ka Kinh
Xa Ldng So no Thc^i gian
Ayun Hyer
30 VaP Vieng
40 Dekjieng
30 10-18/3/2013
Dikrong Kon L 6 C 1 23
Kon Bong 2
23 15-22/4/2013
Ha Dong Kon
Nat 45
Kon Jot 25 2-10/4/2013
Kroong PO' Ngai 28
Tang 24
Kta 26 10-20/10/2012
T6ng
29«
H. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtI VA THAO LUAN
1. Tri thirc ban dia ngudi Bahnar trong khai thae va sir dung go
K^t qua dieu tra cho thdy, d vung dem VQG Kon Ka Kinh, 91% nha ciia ngudi Bahnar dugc lam bang gd. Hg nhan thirc rang, gd la tai nguyen qu^, cd nhi£u loai, mdi loai thich h?p vdi mdi muc dich (bang 2).
Theo dd, cd 4 loai ihuc v^t dugc ngudi dan chgn khai thae sir dung lam cdt cai, la lo^i gft' quy, ben, chac, khdng mdi mgt. 7 ioai dugc khai thae sir dyng lam cgt phu, keo la nhung loil' phd bien trong vimg. 4 loai dugc khai thae dd xe van lam san, dung vach la nhung loai go co van dep, deo, nhe va khdng mdi mgt. 2 loai dugc ua ehugng sir dyng lam quan tai la lo?i cd djc tinh mem, xdp, nhe va de dec ggt. Ngoai muc dich lam nha rdng, nha d, ngudi dan cdn sir dung
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U G C V £ SINH THAI VA TAl NGUYEN SINH V A T I A N THIJ 5 6 loai de ban, tang them thu nhap. Day la nhirng loai dugc ngudi dan nai kliac ua thich, mua vdi gia cao, tham chi can theokg ca gdc, rl nhu TrSc, Po mu.
0^ khai thae gd, ngudi dan di theo nhdm 5-7 ngudi cd kinh nghiem, khde manh va d cac dg tudi khac nhau. Hg mang theo dung cy (cua tay, riu, rua, xa gac...), chuan bi le vat, luang thuc d lai hing tuSn irong rung de tim cay gd vua y. Dd la cay cd than thang, khdng cut nggn, dudng kinh ngang nguc khoang 25-40cm, tuy theo du dinh lam nha nhd hay Idn. Trudc klii chat cay, hQ tien hanh nghi le xin phep thin rirng, than cay. Le vat la ghe rugu, con ga va tam ldng Ihanh kinh. Gd chat ha xong cd the keo vk 6k a vudn hoac bd \a.\ trong rirng. Mdt nam sau gd dugc dem ve sii dung. Ngudi dan cho rang, day la each de cho gd trai qua mua nang, chdng mdi mgt sau nay.
Bdng 2 Thyc vat than go dirge ngirdi Bahnar khai thae va sir dung
n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ten khoa hgc
Alzelia xylocarpa (Kurz.) Craib.
Dacrydium imbricatum (Blume) de Laub Dalbergia cochlnchinensis Pierre
Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry & H. H. Thomas Hopea ferrea Pierre
Hopea odorata Roxb Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
We//*a azedarach L hAlchelia mediocns Dandy Neonauclea sessllilolia (Roxb.) Merr.
Parashorea chinensis Wang Parashorea slellata Kurz Pelthophorum dasyrachis (Miq.) Kurz Podocarpus nenilollus D.Don.
Pmnus arborae (Blume) Kalkm.
Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz Shorea roxburghii G.Don
Ten Viet Nam
Go do Thong nang
Trie Pomu Sao xanh
Sao den Bing lang nude
Xoan Gioi xanh Gao vang Cho chi Cho den Lim xet Thong tre Xoan dao Giang hu'cng
Sen mil
Muc dich ELF dung SIP dung
Cpt cai Van Cpt cai
Van cot, keo Cpt, keo Cpt, keo Quan tai Cpt, keo
Van Cpt, keo Opt, keo Cpt cai
Van Quan tai
Cpt cai Cpt, keo
Ban
X X X
X
X
X
HQI NGH] KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V £ SINH THAl VA TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THLf 5 Tir khi thanh lap Khu Bao ton thien nhien (1999), V Q G Kon Ka K i n h (2003), vi|c Urdo chgn va khai thae gd la vi pham phap lu$t. N g u d i dan trong viing dem chi dugc khai thacgfi lam nha Iheo Chuang trinh 167, 134 va chinh sach hd trg gd lam nha m d i , sua nha cu cua linh, V d i cac chuang trinh nay, hg khai Ihac nhiing cay gd da dugc chii rirng chi djnh. V i v^y, kien Ihirc ve chgn cay, khai thae va sir dyng gd truyen thdng khdng cdn dugc thuc hanh, tiep bien dang cd nguy ca suy giam.
2. T r i thirc ban dia ngu'di B a h n a r t r o n g k h a i thae va sir d u n g l a m san ngoai go Lam san ngoai gd dugc ngudi Bahnar khai thae va sir dung rat da dang. Nghien ciiu dS cdng bd 102 loai thudc 95 chi, 54 hg, 37 bg, 5 Idp, 3 nganh thuc vat sdng d cac sinh canh khac nhau dugc khai thae va sir dung lam dugc lieu, chiia trj 11 nhdm benh thudng g3p trong cgng ddng [3].
Qua dieu tra da phat hien 82 loai lam san ngoai gd dugc ngudi dan sOr dung phd bien. Trong dd cd 55 loai cd ngudn gdc thuc vat (bang 3), 27 loai cd ngudn gdc ddng vat (bang 4).
Bang 3 cho thay, ngudi Bahnar viing dem da khai thae 7 loai thuc vat lay qua, 2 loai liy cii, 22 loai thuc vat, cac loai mang, nam lay than, be, la de an la phan quan trgng trong sinh ke, cint ddi, dac biet vao miia giap hat. 14 loai lam nguyen lieu san xuat vat dung, dung cu lao d9ng,4 Ioai lam canh va 5 loai lay cui.
Trong khai thae, ngudi dan luan thu nghiem ngat m d i so nguyen tac nhat djnh doi vol tirng loai L S N G . K h i chat tre gai, tre Id d, giang ngudi dan chgn cay dii tieu chuan, chJt each gdc 80-lOOcm, phan cdn lai lam chd dya cho mang khdi bj gid gay hoac d^ng vjitphi hai. Hg khdng Ihu hai liia mang mgc dau miia, bdi mang liic nay cdn nhieu vj chat, dang.
Thyrc chat la lao dieu kien de chiing phat trien thanh cay trudng thanh. Cac loai song may, hg chgn khai thae nh&ng cay dai han 5m. Cac loai rau, cu chi khai thae mdt phan ma khfing nhd hel ca bui, dam.
Bdng 3 Cac loai lam san ngoai go co nguon goc t h u c vat
T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ten khoa hgc
DIoscorea glabra Roxb Puerana montana (Lour.) Merr.
Elaeagnus confeda Roxb.
Phyllanthus emblica L.
Garcinia merguensis Wight Musa acuminata Colla Dialium cochlnchinensis Pierre Cananum littorale Blume
Ten Vi^t Nam
Khoai rgng Siin day niii Nhdt d?i Me ru'ng Cans Chuoi rirng Xoay Trdm nSu
Bg phan sO dung Cu Cu Qua Qua Qua Qua Qua Qua
Muc dich si> dgng Sir dgng
An An An An An An An An
Bin
X X
HQI NGH! KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THLf 5
TT
9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ten khoa hoc
Nephelium tappaceum L.
Argostemma vedicillata Wall ex Roxb.
Ficus altissima Blume Ficus aunculata Lour.
Ffcus benjamina L.
Irvingia malavana Ollv. ex Benn, IMocaipus siMccJamm (Hance) Chun Quercus helfenana A.DC.
Cratoxylum pruniflorum (Kurz) Kurz Wendlandia glabrata DC.
Ampelocalamus patellans (Gamble) Stapleton
Sambusa btumeana SchuH. & SchulLF.
Bambusa pnDcera A. Chev. Et A. Camus Calamus poilanel Conrard
Calamus rudentum Lour.
Calamus tetradactylus Hance.
Calamus tonkinensis Becc.
Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour.
Litsea gluiinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob.
Litsea vedicillata Hance.
Machllus odoratissimus Ness.
Neolitsea zeylanica (C. et T, Ness) Merr.
Schizostachyum zoltingen Steud.
Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze Aglaonema coslatum N.E Brown.
Amaranthus hybndus L.
Ten Viet Nam
Chom chdm Mang cac lo^i Nam cac loai Nhugc hiing luan smh Da tia Va Si, sanh Ko'nia De rirng Decau Thanh ng^nh Hole quang Giang Tre gai Loo Song bpt Song da May nep May ding Cu nau Bdi ldi nhdt Bdi ldi vdng Bdi ldi dec Bdi ldi Sri Lanca Tre id 6 Dot Vin nien thanh Rau den
Bo phan sir dyng Qua Than non
Ca cay Cacay Cacay Cacay Canh, than Canh, than Canh, than Canh, than Canh, than Than Than Than Than Than Than Than Cu Vd Vd Vd Vd Than
Hoa Bela Ngpn non
Muc dich sLPdung SiPdyng
An An An Canh Canh Canh Canh Cui Ciii Ciii Ciii Ciii Nguyen li^u Nguyen lieu Nguyen lipu Nguyen li^u Nguyen lieu Nguyen lieu Nguyen lieu Nguyen li?u Nguyen lieu Nguyen lieu Nguyen lipu Nguyen lieu Nguyen lieu Nguyen lieu Rau an Rau an
Ban X X
X X X X
X
X X X X
X
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH THAI VA TAl NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THLf 5
TT
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Ten khoa hpc
Amaranthus lividus L.
Cardiospennum halicacabum L.
Caryota urens L.
Centella asiatica (L) Urb.
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Ciassocephalumcrepi(&)ides{Benh)S Moore Cycas micholltzii Dyer
Diptazlum esculentum (Retz.) Sw Eryngium foetidum L.
Garcinia oblongilolia Champ.
Gnetum gnemon L.
Gnaphalium luteoalbum L.
l-lomalomena occulta fLour,) Schott Hydrocotyle chinensis (Dunn) Craib Hydrocotyte nepanlense Hook Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.
Pluchea indica (L.) Less Ronppa indica (L.) Hiern
Trevesia palmate (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Visan
Ten Vi#t Nam Den cam Daytamphdng Dung dinh ngCra Rau md Mdn nude Rau tau bay Tue la xe Rau ddn Mill tau Biia Rau bep Rau khiic vang San thyc Rau mA rieng Rau ma la to Rau can cam Cue tan Cai hoang Du du rirng
Bg p h | n sOdyng Ngpn non La non Dpt non Cacay Beia Ngpn non
Than La Ld non
La La non La non Bela
Ld La Ld non Nggn non Nggn non Ld non
Myc dich SLFdijng Si> dyng
Raudn Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau tham Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an Rau an
Ban
X
O vimg dem VQG Kon Ka Kinh, nhien lieu dun nau la ciii. Cui nhien, rirng trdng, vudn hd. Canh, nhanh khd cua da sd cac loai thuc dung de dun nSu. Tuy nhien d mgt sd lang nhu Pa Ngai, Tang, Kon dan chgn Ioai De rirng, De cau, Ko nia va Thanh ng^nh de lam ciii.
nhua, dun nau rat dugm va tda nhieu nang lugng.
4 loai bdi ldi mgc tu nhien trong VQG van cdn phd bien d gan lang Dekjieng, Kon Nat dugc ngudi dan thu hai de ban cho thuang khi thieu ddi. 4 loai dugc khai thae ca cay de ban lam canh. Tdng sd de ban len tdi 15 loai.
Dung cu khai thae chii yku bhng tay, dao, rua va cudc. San pham thu dugc da so diing ngay, mgt sd dugc che biln dan gian, phai khd, cat tru:, dung ddn. Tat ca cac san pham dem ban deu chua qua che bien hay sa cli€, gia ban thSp la thiet thdi ddi vdi ngudi dan viing dem.
dugc thu lugm tir rimg Ut val deu dugc ngudi dan sir Ldc 1, Kon Bdng 2, nguiri Day la nhtrng loai cay c6
lang Pa Ngai va mdt so d lai vao dau miia khd hc^
loai cd kha nang khai thae
HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T Q A N Q U Q C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THtJ 5 Bdng 4 Mot so loai dgng vat dirge khai thae lam thirc pham
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Ten khoa hoc Channa striatus Claiias batrachus Cypnnus caipio Crassius crasslus Oieochromls nlloticus Monoptenjs alba Macrognathus aculealus Hoplobatrachus nigulosus Hylarana guenlhen Fejeivarya limnochans Gekko gecko Varanus salvator Stteptopella chinensis Gallus gallus Gumilax konkaklnhensis Cen/us unicolor Munliacus tnjongsonensis Capricomis sumatraensis Cailosciunjs finlaysoni Lepus sinensis Cynopterus brachyotls Sus crola Athenjws macrounjs Bandlcota indica Ratlus koratensis Hystnx cnslata
Ten V i | t Nam Caloc Ca tre trang Cachep Ca diec Ca ro phi Lifon Chach
^ch dong Chau chuoc Ngoe Tacke Ki da hoa Cugay Ga n>ng Khi/au kon ka kinh Nai
Mang trLfong son Son difong Soc do Tho rifng Dai cho Len rCfng Dili Chupt dat ion ChuQt rij'ng
Nhim Mat ong
tfitfc dich si> dung S t f d y n g
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Ban
X X X X X X X X X X
X X Tir bang 4, ngudi dan da kliai thae 15 loai dgng val rirng, 10 Ioai dgng val thiiy sinh va mgt so loai khac de lam thuc pham. Trong do cd 12 loai, ngoai dap ung nhu cau tai chd cdn dugc xem la hang hda, ban, tang thu nhap.
Di sin tap the la truyen thdng ctia ngudi Bahnar, hg thudng td chuc thanh nhdm 10-20 ngudi, di san mdi dgt 2-5 ngay, N€u san dugc thu ldn thi dem tdi nha rdng, lam thjt va chia deu cho cac thjinh vien trong cgng dong. Dung cu de san bat ddng vat rirng chii yeu la bay sap, bay tho, bay thdng Igng, cung ten...
Ngudi dan hieu rd tap tinh cua cac loai dgng vat la ddi tugng san bat ve each tim mdi, tim nude uong va lam Id. Chang ban: Diii thudng lam hang d gdc tre gai, tre Id d, giang. Vao miia ming mgc, dui ra an mang. Ngudi dan dat bSy hoac dimg cudc dao hang bat dui. Sau cac can mira keo dai, Ich thudng ghep ddi, ngudi dan tim den cac hdc da ven sudi de bat ech...
HOi NGH] KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THCf 5 Dk danh bat dgng vat thiiy sinh, ngudi dan thudng dimg dd, can cau, gia la cay cd chat dgc rai xudng nude tir dau ngudn de thudc ca. Ca bi nd m5l, ndi len, hg di xudi theo ddng nude vdt ca. d dieu kien phu hgp, hg cdn khoanh vimg tat nude d^ bit ca.
Ngay nay ngudi dan diing dien dB chich, ra la hinh thirc khai thae hiiy di?t, lam cgn kifi ngudn Igi thiiy san trong vung.
Viec san bat dgng val hoang da da bj cam cimg vdi su giam sut nghiem trgng ca ve so lugng lan chiing ioai cac loai thu Idn. Di san tap the khdng cdn dugc thuc hi?n trir khi cd nguai trong lang phat hien dau vet ciia loai thu Idn.
3. Phan cong lao dong trong khai thae lam san ciia ngudi Bahnar
Phan cong lao ddng Ithai thae lam san viing dem VQG Kon Ka
cua ngirdi Bahnar Kinh
Tuoi
GiS
Trung nien
Thanh nien
Tre em
Tyle theo gioi
Gjo-i Unh
Nam
Ni>
Nam
NCr
Nam
NO
Nam
NO Nam
NO SO lu'O'ng,
% lao dong SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
SL
%
%
%
Khai Ihac gd
25 13,8
123 70
33 18.2
100 San b i t dpng
v?t hoang
da 29 19,6
84 56.8
35 23,6
100 B i t torn,
tep
43 33.3
69 53.5
17 13,2
100 B i t ca,
^ch
41 22.8
12 6.7 53 32.2
19 10.6 39 21,7
11 6,1
76,7 23,3
Hai rau, nim
33 18,3
97 53,9
39 21,7
11 6,1
100 Hai mang
31 10.6
52 17.8
28 9,6 63 21,6
47 16,1
39 13.4
15 5,1 17 5,8 41,4 58,6
Khai thae trai cay
49 24,2
15 7,4 72 35,6
21 10,3
37 18,2
9 4.4 77.8 22,2
Dao cu
18 10,2 27 15,3
17 9,6 31 17,5
15 8,5 33 18,6
11 6,2 25 14,1 34,6 65,5
Khai thae boi loi
20 6.6 16 5,3 67 22,3
53 17.6 65 21.6
39 13,0
25 8,3 16 6.3 58.8 41.2
lit !
18 13.0
20 14.5
56 40.6
12 8.7 21 15.2
11 8,0
68,8 31,2
Khai thae cay diPOC lifu
39 41.1 22 23.2 16 16.1
8 8.4 3 3.2 7 7.4
61.1 38.9
Tyit theo tuil
22
42.7
27.1
8.2
56.2 43.8
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUQC V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N T H l j 5 Bang 5 cho thay, phan cdng lao dgng trong khai thae lam san cua ngudi Bahnar viing dem VQG Kon Ka Kinh theo gidi va tudi doi vdi timg iTnh vuc cu the, phu thugc nhi6u vao ti'nh chat cdng vi^c va lo^i san phSm.
Khai thae gd, san bat dgng vat hoang da la cdng viec nang nhgc chi danh cho nam gidi tuoi tning nien, thanh nien va mgt so ngudi gia cdn khde manh, cd nhilu kinh nghiem. B4t tdm, tep vathu hai rau, nam chi danh cho niJ gidi. Ngudi Bahnar cd cau "Bok rok potep, bok sep padya"
(con gai phai dl sudi bat tdm, bat tep, con trai phai len rimg bat chim, bat chugt". Nhung ITnh
\\fc lao ddng khac dku cd su tham gia ciia ca gidi nam va nQ'. Tuy nhien, nam gidi chilm ty l | (56,2%) cao hon so vdi nii gidi ITnh vuc nay.
Trung nien la lire lugng lao dgng chinh trong khai thae lam san, chiSm 42,7%. Tiep dkn la thanh nien, 27,1%. Ngirdi gia va tre em ddng gdp 22% va 8,2% lyc lugng lao ddng. Dilu nay phan anh nSng suat lao dgng thap, ddi sdng khd khan cua ngudi dan vung dem.
4. Thdi gian khai thae lam san
Bdng 6 Lich mua vu khai thae Jam san cua ngirdi Bahnar viJng dem
VQG Kon Ka Kinh
"~^-..,.__^ Thang K h a i t h 5 c ~ ~ - - ^ ^ GS DOng v|t njng Giang, may, tre MSng Trdi cdy CLI Boi ldi CUI kho Dot Rau, niim CA. tom, tep Dui^c lieu M^t ong
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1
1 1
i
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ '
1
:
^ Thdi gian khai Ihac phu thudc vao su tdn tai, dac diem sinh irudng ciia lam san, nhu cau su dung va thai gian nghi ngai, Ie hdi (ning nang) trong chu ky ndng lich cua ngudi Bahnar(bang 6).
Thang 1, 2 duang ljch la thai gian nghi ngai, sinh hoat le hgi trong cgng ddng nen da sd lam san khdng dugc khai thae trong thdi gian nay, trir mgt sd cd nhu cau sir dung lien tuc nhu:
Ciii khd, rau, nam, dugc li?u, cac loai ca hoac chi duy nhat tdn l?ti vao thdi gian nay nhu ddt.
M^it so san pham^dugc khai thae Ihudng xuyen nhu gd, ddng val rirng va cac loai su dung lam nguyen lieu. Da sd san pham dugc thu hai theo miia nhu mang, trai cay, mat ong, bdi ldi.
in. KET LUAN
Ngudi Bahnar viing dem VQG Kon Ka Kinh da tich luy dugc nhieu tri thirc trong khai thae, sirdungtai nguyen rimg. Hg da khai thae 18 loai thuc vat lay gd, 82 loai LSNG diing lam luang ll'irc, thuc pham, nguyen lieu san xuSt vat dung, cdng cu lao ddng, clura benh va Irao ddi tang
HQI NGH] KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH V A T L A N THQ- 5
them thu nhap. Cach thirc, cdng cu khai thae dan gian, nang suat khdng cao nhung it anh hirong den nguon tai nguyen rung.
Phan cdng lao ddng khai thae lirng loai lam san theo gidi va tudi rd r?t. Nam gidi, tuoi tmng nien la lao dgng chinh Irong viing (chiem 56,2%) va dam nhan nhiing cdng viec nang nhgc.
Thdi gian khai thae phu thugc vao sir tdn tai, sinh trudng cita lam san, nhu cau su dung ciia ngudi dan. Cd 7 nhdm san pham dugc khai thae lien tuc va 6 nhdm khai thae theo miia.
Tri thirc khai Ihac va su dung lai nguyen rimg cua ngudi Bahnar duge luu truyen, li§p bien trong cdng ddng dudi dang thirc thuc hanh xa hgi. Mgt sd tri thdc dang bj xdi mdn, mai mpt, mat dan ciing vdi sir can kiet ciia cac loai tai nguyen rimg. Mgt sd tri thuc dang bi cai bien theo chieu hudng khong tdt trong viec su dung cdng cy, each thue khai thae san pham rimg. Vi vjiy, can thuc hien hieu qua edng tac bao ton, phat trien tai nguyen rimg, tuyen truyen, giao due nang cao nhan thirc cua ngudi dan nham phai huy tri thuc ban dja ngudi Bahnar viing dem VQG Kon Ka Kinh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. CondominasG., 1997. Khong gian xa hdi vung Ddng Nam A. NXB. V5n hoa, Ha Npi.
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RESEARCH ON INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF BAHNAR PEOPLE LIVING IN BUFFER ZONES IN EXPLOITING AND USING FOREST RESOURCES OF
KON KA KINH NATIONAL PARK, GIA LAI PROVINCE
NGUYEN THI THU HA SUMMARY
This article presents the result of a research on indigenous knowledge of Bahnar people who live in buffer zones in exploiting and using forest resources of Kon Ka Kinh National Park.
The local residents have exploited 18 plant species for wood, 82 other forest species for food, materials, working tools, medicine, and for the production of other goods to increase Income. Han/esting methods and tools used are simple, efficient and have low impact on the forest resources. The division of labor in exploitation of forest resources is based clearly on age and sex, while the time of harvest depends on the existence and growth of forest and the need of local people.
This knowledge has been passed on and further expanded in the community in the form of social practice. However, some knowledge is also in danger of being lost along with the depletion of Uie forest resources.
