NGHIEN ClfU • TRAOPPI THUC TRANG VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP CO BAN
T R O N G C O G I O I H O A S A N X U A T N O N G N G H I E P 0 Q U A N G B I N H LUU VAN L 0 C
T r o n g nhirng nam gdn day vide sir dung may moc trong san xuat ndng nghiep d Quang Binh da tang nhanh, dap irng mpt phan nhu cdu cua san xuat, budc ddu dupe sir dung trong cac khau nang nhpc, thdi vu khan truong. Tuy nhidn, so vdi miic binh quan ca nude, miic dp co gidi hoa ndng nghidp cua tinh cdn thap, trang bi ddng luc binh quan mdi dat 0,45 ma luc/ha canh tac. Co gidi hod chii ye'u trong trong liia va tdp trung d cac khdu lam ddt, tudi tieu, tud't ddp, xay xat va van chuyen.
Mdt sd' khdu ty 16 cogidi hda thd'p nhu khdu gieo cdy, cham sdc, thu hoach, sd'y, phdn loai vd 1dm sach liia chu ye'u vdn lam thii cdng.
Theo sd' lidu dieu tra ciia Truong Dai hoc Ndng Lam Hue, miic dd co gidi hoa trong cac khau san xudt ndng nghidp d Quang Binh (nam 2007) nhu sau: lam ddt trdng liia dat 65%, cay trdng khac 14%;
tudi, tidu chii ddng cho lua 75%; tud't dap liia 92%, xay xat liia gao 97%, van chuyen ndng san bang co gidi 54%. Mdt sd khau cd ty Id co gidi hda rdt thdp nhugieoca'y (0%), cham sdc (0,5%), sdy (0,1%)...
Cac loai may mdc dang dupe sir dung kha phd bien trong san xud't ndng nghiep d mien Trung ndi chung va Quang Binh ndi ridng gom: Ddng co dot trong diezen tinh tai do Trung Qudc va trong nude chd' tao; ddng co didn cdng sudt tir 4,5 - 12kW, ba pha duoc su dung phd bid'n cho bom nude, xay xat, nghidn, chd' bid'n ndng san phdm; mdy keo, chu yd'u Id mdy keo 2 bdnh cdng sudt thd'p. Cac loai may keo ldn 4 banh chi chiem mdt ty Id rdt nhd; cac loai may nhu may lam ddt, may bom nude, may dap, tud't liia, may gat lua, may xay xat liia gao,... ddu cd cdng sudt thap. Ha tdng ky thudt ndng thdn ngay cang phat trid'n, hoan thidn thi nhu cdu vd co gidi hda ndng nghidp theo dd cung phdt trid'n nhanh. Mat khac, luc lupng lao ddng dang cd xu huong chuyd'n dich manh tir ndng thdn ra thanh thi ddn tdi tinh trang thieu lao ddng chdt luong cao d ndng thdn. Trang trai ndng
nghidp ngay cang phat trid'n chuydn canh va thdm canh, chuydn mdn hda cao theo hudng san xud't hang hda. Bdn canh dd, khoa hoc cdng nghd ngay cang phat trid'n, nhieu tid'n bd ky thudt vd cdng nghd, may mdc dupe nghidn cuu, pho bien, chuyen giao phuc vu ndng nghidp ndng thdn, hudng de'n ling dung trong san xud't ndng nghidp... la nhirng yd'u td gdp phdn ddy nhanh vide co gidi hda ndng nghidp. Mac dii cac cdp chfnh quydn da hdt siic quan tdm trong
So KH&CN kiSm tra 6e tai ung dung TBKHKT vao co gioi hda phyc vu sin xuit ndng nghidp
Anh: TL vide ddy nhanh cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda ndng nghiep ndng thdn nhung nhin chung tdc dp co gidi hda ndng nghidp con chdm vdi nhieu ly dojchdc nhau. Vi the' cdn xay dung mdt so giai phap de ddy nhanh tdc dp cogidi hda ndng nghidp dQuang Binh.
Mpt so giai phap chung, co ban gdm: Xdy dung quy hoach phat trid'n co gidi hda va chd' bid'n ndng sdn cho cdc huyen, xa va vung san xud't nguydn lieu tdp trung, quan triet de'n cac dja phuong. Ddy manh viec "don dien, ddi thua", chudn hda co cd'u cdy trong va vat nudi, xac djnh cac viing chuyen canh va loai ndng san chfnh, tap trung. Hinh thanh he thdng quan ly nha nude de'n tdn co sd vd co gidi hda. Thuc S o l
2011
THONG TIN
KHOA HOC-CONONOHt-QB j
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI
hien chfnh sach vay vdn uu dai cho ddu tu cdng nghd va trang thiet bi den ho dan, thoi han dai hon, mien giam thue, hd tro dao tao nghd\ Nha nuoc can bao tieu mdt sd n&ng san phdm chfnh, theo kd'hoach cho vung, hd tro cong nghd, may mdc, thie't bi cho n6ng ddn va thu ve nong san.
Hoach dinh chid'n luoc vd' giai quyd't vide lam, chuyen dich lao dpng sang cdc nganh nghd" khac dd' giam lao dpng du thira, n6ng nhan d n6ng thdn. C6 chfnh sach cu the uu tidn nghidn cuu, ddu tu cho nganh chd' tao may ndng nghidp va chd' bid'n nong san, thuc phdm; uu tien dao tao nhdn luc, tap hudh, hudng ddn cho ndng dan vd' co gioi hda; xay dung cac khuyen cao ve lua chpn loai mdy, thie't bi phu hpp, quy trinh sir dung, an toan lao ddng, hach toan kinh td',... de'n tdn ndng ddn thdng qua nhi£u kdnh thdng tin vahinh thiic khde nhau...
Ngoai mdt so giai phap chung co ban nhu vdy, de vide co gidi hda ndng nghidp ndng thdn phat trid'n, Quang Binh cdn thuc hidn mdt sd'giii phap cu the nhu: Can quan tdm de'n cac chfnh sach phdt trid'n ndng nghidp theo hudng cdng nghidp - dich vu - ndng nghidp, xem phat trid'n ndng nghidp Id mdt trong ba mui nhpn chfnh. Tid'p tuc thuc hidn chinh sach giao ddt ndng nghidp ldu ddi cho ndng ddn.
Phdt trid'n he thdng thiiy lpi va giao thdng ndi ddng, dam bao chu dpng trong khdu tudi, tidu ling va kha nang mo rpng quy md sin xudt liia, khi nang van chuyd'n de'n cac chin rudng, giam lao dpng thu cdng.
Chinh quyen dja phuong cdn sdm cd cac cochd', chu truong chfnh sach, khuyen khich cdc td chiic, doanh nghidp nghidn cuu, thid't kd'chd' tao, cii tidn sin xuit, phan ddu trong thai gian tdi se cd nhidu may mdc phuc vu khdu gieo, cham sdc va thu hoach nhieu hon. Khuyen khfch va tao moi didu kidn, nhd't la vdn va mat bang nha xudng dd' cdc co sd sin xud't may, thuc hidn cac nghidn ciiu thirnghidm trudc khi nhdn rpng dai tra, tranh tinh trang ddu tu tu phat.
Cac cdp chfnh quyen dja phuong, nhdt Id chfnh quyen cdp huyen, xa cdn cd can bp chuydn trach quan ly co khf ndng nghidp dd' true tid'p ndm bat sd luong, chiing loai, uu nhupc did'm tirng loai may mdc, khuyen cao de'n ba con ndng dan nen ddu tu, mua sdm loai may mdc nao cho phu hpp, phat huy tdi da cdng sudt may. Phdi hap qudn ly vai co quan
cdp trdn, nhd't Id cdc co quan quin ly khoa hpc cdng nghd dd' tie'p cdn vdi cdc tien bd moi, cdc thid't bj moi.
Ddng thoi, cd huong ddu tu mdy mdc phu hop vdi xu hudng phat trid'n vd thuc te' cua dja phuong. Tang cuang cdng tic ddu tu nghidn ciiu khoa hpc vd chuyd'n giao cdng nghd, phdt huy tfnh chu dpng, sang tao cua td't c i cdc cd nhdn, td chiic, cua cdc cdn bp khoa hpc. Tfch cue tuydn truydn, gidi thidu, tu vdn ddu tu khoa hpc cdng nghd, thie't bj, tidn bd khoa hpc ky thudt bang cdc phuong tidn thdng tin dai chiing nhu dai, bao... Trong khau gieo cdy, ty Id co gidi hda 6 Quang Binh Id 0%, vi vdy, cdn cd nhung nghidn cuu ung dung co gidi hda trong trong khdu nay. Ve' lao ddng vd ddo tao ngudn nhdn luc, cdn phat trid'n cac loai hinh dao tao nghd\ c i vide ddo tao tdp huan tai chd lan ddo tao d cdc truong day nghd' cho thanh nidn ndng thdn cdc kidn thiic vd' vdn hanh, sira chua, bio duong mdy ndng nghidp. Nghidn ciiu ling dung, ddu tu, xdy dung cdc md hinh did'm trdn co sd cdc hd, nhdm hd hay hpp tdc xa phu hop vdi vung sin xud't. Thdng qua cdc md hinh ndy, td chiic cdc hoat ddng khuyd'n ndng, thao tdc trinh did.i trdn cdc khu rudng mdu, quang bd trdn cdc phuong tidn thdng tin dai chiing khuyd'n cdo loai mdy phu hop, noi ban, gid ci, cac dac tfnh ky thuat, gioi thidu cdc quy trinh cdng nghd vd thid't bj co gioi hda khdu thu hoach liia, nham cung cdp cho ndng ddn nhfing kidn thiic cdn thid't dd' dp dung. Tao dieu kidn dd' ndng ddn tham khao vd tu so sanh ddnh gid hidu qui kinh td' cua cac loai may, thd'y dupe nhung lai fch cua ca gidi hod ndng nghidp vd cd co hdi di lira chpn, ddu tu, nhdn rdng md hinh.
Co gidi hda ndng nghidp Id hudng di diing dan vd rd't can thie't trong su nghidp cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda ndng nghidp ndng thdn. Vi vay, cdc cdp chfnh quydn, nhdt Id chfnh quydn cdp huydn, cdp xa cdn cd nhirng nghidn cuu vd vdn dung nhirng giii phdp phii hop. Nghidn ciru irng dung, ddu tu, xdy dung cdc md hinh did'm trdn co sd cdc hd, nhom hd hay hop tdc xa phii hop vdi vung sin xud't nhdm ddy nhanh co gidi hda ndng nghidp vd che' bid'n ndng sin, vira giai quyd't van dd' nhan cdng, mat khde giim chi phf sin xud't va giim thdt thoat sau thu hoach, ndng cao hidu qui sin xud't ndng nghidp, tang gid tri trdn mdt don vj didn tfch.
THONG TIN
> h KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE - OB s 6 i
2011
