THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DU LICH BEN VUNG TREN HANH LANG KINH TE DUCING 18
VU DINH HOA' dnh lang kinh te dudng 18 Id tuye'n cd
nhieu tiem nang ve du lieh. Hanh lang 18 di qua vflng ddt cd lich sfl phdt trien lau ddi - vung van hda Kinh Bde; la nhip edu ndi nhieu diem du lich ndi tieng eua mien Bde nhu: Den Dd, chfla Dau, ehua But Thap, Hdi Lim, Cdn Son, Ydn Tfl; di san thien nhien the gidi Vinh Ha Long; Bdi Tfl Long, di ehi Cdi Beo; Mui Nggc - Tra Cd... Tuy nhien, su phdt trien cua hoat ddng du lich tren hdnh lang trong thdi gian qua ehua that ben vflng, dac biet trong bdi canh hdi nhap vdi hoat ddng du lieh cua nudc ban Trung Qud'c tren hdnh lang kinh te. Trudc thach thfle dd, nganh du lich tren hanh lang cdn ed nhflng hoach dinh chien luge de phat trien lau ddi vd dn dinh.
I. THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH HANH LANG KINH TE DUCiNG 18 Hanh lang kinh te (HLKT) dudng 18 ndi lien 4 tinh, thanh phd la: Hd Ndi, Bde Ninh, Hai Duong va Quang Ninh vdi chieu dai 342,2 km. Diem bdt ddu la san bay Ndi Bai (Ha Ndi) va diem ket thuc la thanh phd Mdng Cai (Quang Ninh). Day dugc xem la mdt trong nhflng tuyen giao thdng quan trgng nhdt eua Viet Nam, mdt canh eua tam giac tang trudng phfa bdc (Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh). Dae biet, tuye'n dudng nay cdn la cdu ndi giao thuang cua thu dd Ha Ndi vdi cang Cai Lan, cfla khau Mdng Cai (tiep giap vdi Trung Qud'c).
So vdi cdc HLKT khac trdn ca nudc, hanh lang 18 dia ban thuan lgi cho phdt trien du lich. Hanh lang 18 ndi nhieu diem du lieh ndi tie'ng cua mien Bdc nhu: manh ddt van hda Kinh Bdc, Cdn Son, Ydn Tfl, Vinh Ha Long, Bdi Tu Long, Van Ddn, Cd Td,'Tra Cd... Su gidu cd ve tai nguyen du lich eung vdi su hoan thien ve co sd vat chdt kT thuat, co sd ha tdng, su phat trien cua giao thdng da giup cho
nganh du lich phat trien manh, trd thanh ngdnh kinh te quan trgng eua mdi dia phuong.
Nhflng nam gan day, eung vdi xu hudng phdt trien chung cua ea nudc, vdi tiem nang phong phu, nganh du lich eua HLKT dudng 18 da phdt trien nhanh ehdng, the hien tren nhieu ITnh vuc:
Ve mat doanh thu: Tren ede dia ban tinh ed dudng 18 chay qua tang lidn tue tfl nam 2000 de'n nam 2009, tfl 632 ty ddng len tdi 1.513,7 ty ddng, trung binh mdi nam tang 18%. Trong dd, Quang Ninh la dia ban ed doanh thu du lich cao nhdt, chiem phdn ldn ty trgng cua hanh lang, nam 2000 la 74% va nam 2009 la 88%. Mae dfl Bde Ninh va Hai Duong cung la hai dia ban ed tiem nang phdt trien du lieh rdt da dang (dac biet Id tiem ndng du lich nhan van) song doanh thu cdn thdp.
Thi trudng khdch du lich: Tdng lugng khdeh du lieh trdn hanh lang tang kha nhanh trong nhung nam vfla qua. Ne'u nam 2000, tren toan bd hanh lang mdi chi ddn dugc 1.196 nghin lugt khdch thi de'n nam 2009 eon so nay da xdp xi khoang 3 trieu lugt khdch.
Trong dd, Quang Ninh la dia ban thu hut khach ldn nhat trong cdc tinh ndm trdn dudng 18. Tfl nam 2000 den nam 2008, Quang Ninh thu hut tdi hon 90% Iugng khdeh du lieh toan hanh lang. Hai Duong Id tinh cd ngudn tai nguyen du lich khd phong phu, hai diem thu hut khaeh eua Chf Linh la Cdn San - Kiep Bae va San golf Chf Linh nam gdn qud'c id 18 song sd Iugng khach den cdn han che. Bdc Ninh vdi truyen thd'ng van hda dae sdc, nhieu Id hdi eung la mdt diem du lich kha sdi ddng song chi didn ra mdt thdi gian ngdn trong nam, vao mua le hdi.
Th.S VQ Dinh Hoa. Hoc vien Chinh sach va Phat triin - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu.
Co cdu khach du lich den hanh lang dudng 18 gdm ca khdch qud'c te vd khdch ndi dia.
Trong dd, diem den cfla khach du lich qude te chu yeu la dia ban Quang Ninh. Nhflng nam gan day, co ca'u khdch du lieh ngudn khdch qude te den Quang Ninh cd su thay ddi. Trude kia, khdeh du lich Quang Ninh chil yeu la khaeh tdi tfl: Trung Qud'c, Dai Loan, Hdng Kdng hay Ddng Au. Hien nay, ngudn khach da dang hon vdi ede dodn tfl Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c, Tay Au,... Tuy nhidn, ngudn khach ed khd nang ehi tra ldn tdi tfl My, Anh, Dflc, Y,... vdn edn han che va sd ngay khdch luu tru chi dat trung binh 1,3 ngay/khach, the hien su hdp ddn khach du lich d day chua cao.
Khaeh du lieh ndi dia de'n eac dia ban tren HLKT dudng 18 ngay cang tang, mflc tang binh quan Id hon 20%/nam. Trong dd, dia ban chie'm nhieu khach nhdt vdn Id Quang Ninh. Ke tfl sau khi dudng qude Id 18 ndng edp, so lugng khdch tdi Quang Ninh vd luu trii lai lau hon, tang tfl 1,2 ngay/khach nam 2000 de'n 2,0 ngay/khach nam 2009. Thdi gian du lieh sdi ddng nhdt d Quang Ninh Id vao mua nghi mat va mua Id hdi ddu xuan.
Lao dgng trong ngdnh du lich: lao ddng trong ngdnh du lieh tuy chiem ti trgng nhd so vdi Iao ddng eua cac nganh kinh te va sd lugng lao ddng qua dao tao phue vu true tie'p trong nganh du lich vdn cdn han che. Tuy nhien, tren dia ban Quang Ninh, ty trgng lao ddng du lich trong ca edu lao ddng kha cao va ngay cdng tang, dac biet la su tang trudng cua sd Iao ddng da qua dao tao. Nam 2009, sd lao ddng hoat ddng trong ITnh vuc kinh doanh thuong mai, du lich, khaeh san vd nha hang cua Quang Ninh vao khoang 70.600 ngudi, chie'm 25% sd lao ddng toan tinh.
Trong dd, lao ddng da qua ddo tao chiem 37%, sd lao ddng cd trinh do dai hgc trd Idn chie'm 19%. Day cung Id mdt lgi the ldn trong viec nang cao chat lugng du lich eua hanh lang.
Ca sd vdt chdt - ky thudt: Trong nhflng nam qua, sd ea sd vat chat - ky thuat cua nganh du lich trdn hanh lang khdng ngflng
tang len, dae biet Id he thd'ng co sd luu tru.
Hien nay, tren toan tuye'n da xudt hien nhieu khach san cd ehdt Iugng cao, nhieu khach san dat tieu chuan tfl 4 sao trd ien: khdch san qud'c te Li Lai (5 sao); va hang loat eac khdch san 4 sao nhu: Asean Ha Long; Grand Ha Long; Ha Long Plaza ... Tuy nhien, cac khaeh san ehdt Iugng eao mdi tap trung ehu ye'u d TP.Ha Long (Quang Ninh), cdc dia phuang khac tren hdnh lang nhu Bdc Ninh, Hai Duong hien chua ed khach san ldn dap flng nhu edu cao edp cua du khach.
Vdi nhflng im the ndi bat ve tiem nang du lieh va cac hoat ddng dich vu, HLKT dudng 18 da hinh thanh nhflng san pham du lich dac trung va cae loai hinh du lieh tieu bidu nhu:
Tham quan, nghien cflu van hda - lich sfl: cdc diem de'n thudng la nhflng noi cd di tfch lich sfl - each mang, kien true nghe thuat, cae di san van hda truyen thd'ng dae sdc cua cdng ddng, eac Id hdi va eac lang nghe. Loai hinh nay phan bd rdng trdn khdp hdnh lang va tap trung nhieu d cae huyen cua tinh Bdc Ninh, Chf Linh, Ddng Trieu, Ydn Hung; Tham quan, nghi duong, vui chai tai cdc diem canh, quan: du lich bien dao tren Vinh Ha Long, Bdi Tii Long; tham quan khu vd diem bao tdn thidn nhien, tham gia thi ddu the thao (Tudn Chau, san golf Chf Linh,...)
Cung vdi su phdt trien manh me ve co cdu nganh, eo edu lanh thd du lieh tren hanh lang eung da tflng budc hodn thien hinh thdnh cac diem, cum va tuye'n du lich quan trgng tren dia ban, bao gdm: * ' •'
- Cdc diem du lieh ldn gdm ed: Ha Long, Bdi Tfl Long, Tra Cd, Yen Tfl, Cdii San - Kie'p Bac, dao Tudn Chdu, den Cfla Ong, ...
Ngodi ra tren dia ban edn ed nhieu diem du lich khae mang y nghTa dia phuong nhu hd Ydn Trung, ddi thdng Ydn Lap,...
- Cac cum du lich gdm: cum du lieh Bdc Ninh, cum du lich Chf Linh va vung phu can, cum du lich TP Ha Long va vung phu can,
• cum du lich Mdng Cai, Tra Cd,...
- Cae tuye'n du lich: bao gdm ca cac tuyen du lich qud'c te', qud'c gia vd lidn vflng. Cd hai tuyen du lieh qude te la: Bde Ninh - Hai
Nghien cim Phat trien ben vung, so 4 (29) - Thang 12/2010
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Vu Dinh Hda - Thuc trang va giai phap phat then du ljch ...
Duang - Mdng Cdi - Ddng Hung va Quang Ninh - Hai Duang - Bdc Ninh - Lang Son - Trung Qud'c. Cac tuye'n du lich qud'c gia thudng bdt dau tfl trung tdm thanh phd Ha Long tdi ede diem du lich khac cua cae tinh trong khu vuc mien Bac. Cae tuyen du lich ndi vflng rd't nhieu, trong dd nhflng tuyen du lich thu hut khdch nhat ndm tren dia ban Quang Ninh ndi tfl trung tdm TP Ha Long vdi ede diem du lieh ndi tieng nhu: vinh Ha Long, vinh Bdi Tfl Long, Tra Cd, cfla khau qud'c te Mdng Cai,...
Tdm lai, hoat ddng du lich tren dia ban HLKT dudng 18 khd sdi ddng song tap trung chu ye'u d Quang Ninh. Hang nam, du lich cung ddng gdp mdt phdn dang ke vdo doanh thu cua ngdnh dich vu ndi rieng va eua toan hanh lang ndi ehung. Tuy nhidn, su phdt trien du lich cua hanh lang chua tuong xflng vdi tiem nang phong phu ve tai nguyen va co sd vat chdt ky thuat, eo sd ha tdng cua hanh lang vd edn bde Id nhieu ye'u td ehua ben vflng:
- Ty Ie cac khu, diem du lieh tren hanh lang dugc cai tao nang edp mdi dflng lai d cdc di tfch, van hda lieh sfl Idn; nhidu di tfch, van hda lich sfl tren hdnh lang da va dang bi xud'ng edp nghiem trgng edn ddu tu trung tu, tdn tao theo nguydn trang ban ddu; nhieu cdng trinh di tfch, van hda lieh sfl khi tdn tao chua dam bao dugc cdc yd'u td nguyen gd'c Iam mdt di ve cd kfnh, nghidm trang eua di tfch.
- Hoat ddng du lich mang tfnh ehdt mua vu. Vao mua du lich du khach tdp trung qua ddng tai mdt khu, diem du lich trong cung mdt thdi diem, gdy ra hien tugng qua tai dien hinh Id tai cac diem du lich Yen Tfl (vdo mua le hdi); Vinh Ha Long (mua he). Su qua" tai cua cae diem tharn quan tren hdnh lang trong mdt thdi gian ngdn mang lai nhflng tde ddng tieu cue (d nhiem mdi trudng, thieu co sd luu tru, tranh gianh khach, gia tang qua mfle gid dich vu....), lam suy giam tfnh ben vflng efla diem tham quan, phd vd khd ndng phdt trien ben vflng eua nganh.
- Cac CO sd dich vti xay dung mdi ehi dflng Iai d viec dap flng phdn nao nhu edu cua khach du lich ndi dia, gan nhu chua dap
flng nhu cdu khach du lich qud'c te. Chdt Iugng quy hoaeh ehua cao, khdng ft vung quy hoach bi pha va, xay dung d at ddn dd'n tinh trang betdng hda, pha va canh quan, gdy d nhidm mdi trudng. ,v.t'.tj
- Cdng tac quan ly Nha nudc du lich trdn dia ban edn niiieu bat cap. Viec chu ddng phdi ke't hgp gifla eac dia phuong, gifla cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban hanh lang trong ITnh vuc du lieh chua that sir td't... su kd't hgp giua cac nha dieu hanh tour vdi cae ban quan ly di tfch van hda, cac diem tham quan chua thuc su phat trien.
- San pham du lich edn don dieu, cac diem vui choi giai trf han che, mfle do ehi tra cua du khach chua eao. Trdn toan tuye'n hanh lang, ngoai diem vui chai giai trf Tudn Chau, san golf Chf Linh cac diem vui chai dap flng nhu cdu thudng thfle van hda, van nghd, thu gian, giai trf cua du khach edn ft; cac cfla hang mua sdm chi tdp trung nhidu d Quang Ninli, trong khi dd cac dich vu nay hdu nhu chua phdt trien d Bdc Ninh va Hai Duong.
- Cdng tdc tuydn truydn quang ba va xue tie'n du lich ehua dap flng vdi yeu edu phat trien du lich trong giai doan mdi. Mdt sd dia phuang, doanh nghiep trdn hanh lang ehua nhdn thfle ddy du tdm quan trgng eua cdng tae tuyen truyen quang ba, xdy dung thuong hieu; y thfle ve quang ba du lich cua cac doanh nghiep cdn thie'u tfnh chie'n luge lau dai, mang nang tfnh hinh thfle, tflc thdi.
- Mflc do lien ke't, phdi hgp giua cac diem tham quan tren dia ban hanh lang cdn ye'u.
Cdc tour du lieh dugc thie't kd' hidn nay, ve ca ban mdi ehi khai thac manh cae diem tham quan ldn, ma ehua ehu trgng ddn eac yeu to van hda ban dia lidn kd.
- Chdt lugng ngudn lao ddng phue vu hoat ddng du lich edn thdp. Su tham gia eua cdng ddng vd su hudng lgi tfl hoat ddng du licii ehua Cao.
H. M O T S O GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DU LICH THEO H U O N G B ^ N
VUNG TREN HANH LANG KINH TE DUNGING 18
EE
Nghien cim Phat trien ben vung, so 4 (29) - Thang 12/2010Dd phdt tridn ben viing hoat ddng du lich tren hdnh lang edn tap trung vao mdt sd giai phap ehu yd'u sau:
1. Tie'p tuc dieu tra, bd sung ve tai nguyen du lich, ra soat lai quy hoach va quan ly tdt quy hoach phat trien du lich tren hanh lang
Hien nay, quy hoach tdng the phdt trien du lich cua cdc dia phuang tren hanh lang cung nhu quy hoach cdc diem, khu, cum du lich tren dia ban deu da duge phe duyet each ddy khoang 7 - 1 0 nam nhung nguy co d nhidm mdi trudng, pha vd canh quan, be tdng hda, chia cdt quy hoach, xay dung manh mun vdn de doa nghidm trgng cac diem, khu, cum du lich tren hanh lang. Cac quy hoaeh ehua cd sflc thu hut cae doanh nghiep du lich, cdng ty cd tdm ed trong khu vuc va the gidi ddu tu, dap flng duge nhu edu thu hut khach nghi duang, khaeh qud'c td...
Vl vay edn ed mdt quy hoach chien luge vdi tdm nhin ddi han cua ede dia phuong, mdt mat cdn td ehfle khdng gian hgp ly, phu hgp vdi dae thu eua tai nguydn du lich tren hanh lang; mdt mat thu hut ddu tu xay dung nhanh nhung khu du lich ed chat lugng cao dat tidu chudn qude te, mdt mat danh quy ddt thfch dang cho sir phat trien ede loai hinh du lieh ed nhu edu cao cho nhflng ndm sau. Ben canh dd cung cdn thie't phai quan Iy chat che viec trien khai eac quy hoach; cdng tde tu bd, trung tu cac cdng trinh kien true, di tfch lich sfl, each mang, tranh tinh trang tu bd thieu hieu biet Iam hdng tfnh nguyen ven... be tdng hda, pha va canh quan mdi trudng du lieh.
2. Phat trien san pham dac thii va nang cao chat lugng san pham
Dd tang cudng thu hut du khach va nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh ddi vdi hoat ddng du lich, cac dia phuong trdn hanh lang cdn hudng tdi xay dung san phdm du lich cd ehdt Iugng cao, tren eo sd khai thdc net dac thu van hda vung Kinh Bdc; di san phi vat the dai dien cua Nhdn loai (Quan hg); di san thien nhien the gidi (Vinh Ha Long) va net dde dao cua lang nghe cd truyen (tranh Ddng Hd, gdm sfl Ddng Trieu...) van hda dm thuc mien bien (tu hdi.
bao ngu, sd huyet, sa sung...); hinh thanh chuang trinh du lich nghi duang dai ngay, chd't lugng cao, vdi nhieu san pham phong phu.
3, Nang cao chat lugng nguon nhan luc cho phat trien du lich, tang cudng su tham gia ciia cgng dong dia phuong trong khai thac, bao ton va phat trien du lich Ddy manh hoat ddng dao tao ngudn nhan luc tidn tien, hien dai ddp ting yeu cdu phdt trien khdng ngflng eua nganh; dao tao thudng xuyen va dao tao lai cac lao ddng da va dang hoat ddng trong nganh. Phat trien hoat ddng kinh doanh, ndng cao hieu qua hoat ddng du lich tao duge mflc thu nhap eao mdi ed dieu kien nang cao chdt lugng ddi ngu can bd, quan Iy gidi, edng nhdn ky thuat cd tay nghe;
kinh doanh mdi thue su ed hieu qua.
Tang cudng su tham gia cua edng ddng dia phuang trong khai thac cac san pham du lich thdng qua vide tao su lien ket gifla ede edp quan If, cae nha dieu hanh tour vd dan eu ban dia. Day manh phdt trien eac san pham thu cdng truyen thd'ng, phat trien eac loai hinh du lich homestay, tham quan van hda ban dia vdi cac hudng ddn vidn dia phuong. Nhdm dem lai hieu qua kinh td cho cdng ddng dan cu dia phuang, gdp phdn phat trien vd dam bao bdn vflng tdi nguydn du lich tren hanh lang.
4. Day manh lien ket, tang cudng hgi nhap va hgp tac quoc te
Hanh lang 18 cd lgi the la tuyen giao thdng quan trgng nhdt cua Viet Nam, edu ndi giao thuong cua thu dd Ha Ndi vdi cang Cai Lan, cfla khau Mdng Cdi (tiep gidp vdi Trung Qud'c) vi vay kha nang lien ke't eua hanh lang vdi eac dia phuang trong vung Ddng bang sdng Hdng va vung Ddng bdc, vdi cac tinh, thanh phd nudc ban Trung Qud'c hinh thanh nhung chudi san pham, dua cac diem du lich trdn hanh lang vfla la diem de'n vfla la diem dflng cua nhieu tuor, tuye'n du lich xuyen Viet, xuyen A.
Tdng cudng hdi nhap vdi cac nudc, trudc he't im tien khai thac cac thi trudng cac tinh Quang Tay, Quang Ddng, Hai Nam (Trung Qud'c). Tflng bude vuon ra khu vuc vd cac
Nghien cUu Phat trien ben vumg, so 4 (29) - Thang 12/2010
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Vu Dinh Hda - Thuc trang va giai phap phat then du tich nudc khac tren the gidi; Hgp tae hon nfla vdi
cdc nudc cd phuang phdp quan ly, xay dung du. lich ben vung. Dac biet la cac nude cd nganh du lich phat trien thidn ve du lieh sinh thdi, ben vflng nhu Phap, Australia, Canada...
5. Tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen quang ba, xue tie'n du lich
Huy ddng td'i da cac ngudn luc cho tuydn truyen, quang ba, xue tien du lieh vdi su phan cdng rd: Nhd nudc hd trg xue tie'n diem den;
Doanh nghiep tuyen truyen, quang ba, xue tie'n san pham. Lien ket, hgp tdc, cd chfnh sach thu hut eac hang Ifl hanh manh trong nudc va qude te de hg dua diem den tren hanh lang (van hda Kinh Bdc; Cdn Son - Kiep Bae;
di san thien nhien the gidi Vinh Ha Long; bai bien Tra Cd; cfla khdu qude te Mdng Cdi....) Da dang hda hinh thfle tuydn truyen, quang ba, xue tie'n du lich.
6. Tang cudng cong tac quan Iy tai nguyen, mdi trudng du lich va kha nang lien ket giiia cac dia phuong Tai nguyen du lich nam tren hanh lang, phan bd khdng ddng deu gifla ede dia phuang,
do dd eac dia phuang can thie't lap eac uy ban xue tie'n hgp tae, quan ly td't tdi nguydn du lich, ddng thdi tang cudng quan ly bao ve mdi trudng nhdm khai thac lau ddi, keo dai tudi thg san phdm, phat huy hieu qua kinh doanh
d u l i e h . / . • , > . •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Huy Ba (chu bien) VQ Chi Hieu, Vo Dinh Long: Tai nguyen moi trudng va phat trien bin vung; Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat; Ha Npi, 2002.
2. Nguyin Dinh Hoe, Vu Van Hieu: Du lich ben vung; Nxb Dai hpc Qud'c gia Ha Npi, 2001.
3. Le Th6ng (chii bien): Viet Nam - Dat nudc, con ngudi; Nxb Giao due, 2009
4. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Ninh: Quy hoach tong th^ du lich Quang Ninh thdi ky 2001 - 2010;
Quang Ninh, 2001.
5. Vien chien luge phat tri^n (B6 Ke' hoach va Din tu): Quy hoach va phat triln bin vung tuyin hanh lang dudng 18; Ha N6i, 1997.
6. Vien nghien ciiu phat trien du lich (Tong cue Du lich): Quy hoach tdng the phat trien du ljch viing Bac Bp de'n nam 2010 va dinh hudng de'n nam 2020.
Ha Npi, 2000.
