sy NGHIEP VA TV TlfdNG Hd CHJ MINH
TI/PHE BINH VA PHE BINH TRONG TI/Tl/dNC HO CHI MINH
TS NGUYfeN KHAC THANH Tnrang Dgi fiQc Nguyen Hu4 - BQ Quocplidng
Hpi ngfti Ban Cfidp hdnh Trung irffng Ddng idn thu 4 Ichoa XI xac ^nh tu phe binh, phi binh Id nhom gidi phdp quan trpng hdng ddu. "Kiem diem, ttr phi binh vd phi binh Id khdu mff ddu, mdu chot, co y nghia cure Icy quan trpng". De ndng cao chdt luptng tu phi binh, phi binh, gop phdn thuc hifn thdng Ifi Nghf quyit, tirng cdn bp, ddng viin cdn tiip tuc nghiin ciru hpc tgp tu tu&ng, dgo dire Ho Chi Minh, ddc biit phdi thuc su "thgt thd" tu phi binh vd phi binh.
1. Vi sao ptiai "th^t tha" ty phe binh, nhu cau thudng xuyen ciia mdi ngudi. Muc phe binh dich ciia ty phe binh, phe binh la chi ra dung
"That thd" la mgt diic tinh the hi?n pham "bpnh" de "sua chua, de tien bg "cdt de doan chat, nhan cdch eiia mdi eon ngudi, la ty bgc ket va thdng nhat ngi bg", "cdt de sira doi each Ip minh mgt each ty nhien, khdng gid ddi, lam vi?c cho tdt han, diing hon", cho nen tit khdng gia tao, khdng giau giem, khdng tham phe binh minh cung nhu phe binh ngudi phai lam, nghi sao ndi vay, khdng nghi mgt dudng, rdo net, phdi tri?t de, that thd, khdng ne nang, noi mdt neo. Tu phe binh, phe binh Id ty minh khdng them bdt mdi cd k^t qud. "Neu chi lam neu ra, phdn tich, danh gid uu, khuyet diem cho qua ehuyen, chi cd hinh thuc thi vd ich" . cua minh hoac ciia ngudi khdc. Ho Chi Minh "Ty phe binh phai that thd. Ty phe binh cung chi ro: "Ngudi ta ai cung co tinh tdt vd tinh gidng nhu ngudi dm yeu ndi ro chung benh xau". Cdn biit tinh t6t, tinh xdu ciia minh la ciia minh vdi thay thuoc. Neu gidu bfnh thi
30 T/BkPCHiLICHS0'DANG~S610/2012
s y NGHIEP VA Tl/ TLfdrNG H 6 CHI MINH
thay thuoc khdng biet benh md cho thude. Cho nen, cd gl phai ndi cho het, gidu giem Id khuyet diem"'
That thd vdi chinh minh, that tha vdi ngudi khdc phdi Ud thdnh net vdn hda chu dao trong nhjn thuc vd hdnh vi ty phe binh, phe binh cua mil cdn bd, ddng vien. Neu khdng that thd ty phe binh, moi ngudi se khdng bao gid thdy het nhihig khuyet diem, ban che cua minh, ke cd khi dugc ngudi khdc phe binh minh hgdc phe binh ngudi khac. Neu phe binh ngudi khac ma khdng dya hen dgng eo that thd, trong sdng, khong dya hen co sd dodn ket giup Aa nhau cung tiin bd thi se ddn din "dam thgc, mia mai, be xe ra to". Hd Chi Minh yeu cdu: "Mdi dang vien, mdi can bp, cdn phai that thd ty xet va xet ddng chi minh, ai cd khuyet diem ndo, thi phdi that tha cd gang ty siia chira vd giup siia chira Idn nhau. Thang thude hay nhat Id thiet thuc phe binh vd titphe binh" . Bdi vdy, mudn tu phe binh, phe binh thue sy dem lai tdc dung, mdi ngudi phdi thyc su that thd cd trong suy nghi va hanh ddng.
Ho Chi Minh chi rd: "That thd ty phe binh chdng nhung giup cho minh tien bd md cdn giiip cho ngudi khdc biet d i ma hdnh. Mpt thi du: Ddng ta cd mdy chyc van dang vien. Neu dong chi A pham mdt dieu sai 1dm, lien that tha ty phe binh, thi eac dang vien khac deu biit ma hanh, khdng pham sai 1dm dy nua.
Trai lai, niu ddng chi A khdng that thd ty phe binh, d i cho cdc ddng vien khdc cung pham khuyit diim dy, thi cd Ddng cgng lai thanh mdy chyc van khuyit diim! nhu vdy ddng chi A chdng nhung ddi minh, md lai ddi Dang, Id
cd tgi vdi cdch mang, cd tpi vdi Dang, cd tdi vdi To qudc, vdi nhdn ddn"'.
2. That tha tir pile binti, pite binh phai nhw thi nao?
Trudc het, mdi ngudi phdi that thd ty kiim diem, ty chi trich ban than minh, khdng tu cao, ty dai, khdng bao gid dugc ty cho minh cdi gi cung hodn thipn, hr do khdng chiu hgc tap hi dudng. Hd Chi Minh chi rd: "Ngudi cd benh ndi that tha, ngudi nghe khdng giiip dd ngudi ta sira chira, lai ed thdnh kien cung la sai. Thay minh cd nhiiu benh, sg khdng sua chira dugc, sinh ra bi quan tieu cue ciing khdng dung.
Minh khdng biet cdch siia chira thi cdn cd ddng chi, cd bd dpi, cd nhdn dan bay each cho ma sira chira. Chi can minh quyet tam sua chira Id dugc"^.
Khi phe binh ngudi khac, mdi ngudi phdi cd quan diem rd rang, thang than, chi ro khuyet diem ciia ddng chi minh, nhung phdi CO ddng CO trong sang, tren tinh nhdn ai, thau tinh dat ly, doan ket giup do nhau cung tiin bd. Khdng vi "yeu ai nen tdt, ghet ai nen xdu", hiyet dii khdng phe binh theo kieu "bdi long, tim vit" vdi thai do "ddng dang sdt khi", thuc hien y dd ca nhdn, ha be ngudi khdc.
Khi dugc ngudi khac phe binh minh, phai chdn thdnh, dung cam, that thd nhjn ro khuyit diim cua bdn than theo phuong chdm
"tien trdch ky, hdu Udch nhdn", kien quyet tim ra each thirc d i sira chiia nhanh nhdt, hiru hipu nhdt. Ddy Id viec 1dm khdng d l ddi vdi moi ngudi, bdi vi hong tdm ly con ngudi, ai nay d i u thich "khen", mdy ai thich ngudi khac "che" minh. Ngudi ta hay cd ldng ty di,
TAP CHiUCH SUBANG - S610/2012
SU" NGHIEP VA TU' TUdNG H 6 CHI MINH
thira nh^n cai sai, cai dot, cdi kdm cua minh thi sg mat llic dipn, mat uy lin, mat dja vj, nhat la nhiing ngudi dang giii nhiing cuong vj Idnh dao.
Theo Hd Chi Minh: "Do Id long ty ai d?i ddt, khac ndo cd bpnh ma giau bpnh, gidu bpnh thi cang ngdy bpnh cdng ndng, den khi qud nang khdng chita dugc niia, Ihi chet. Gidu khuNci diem thi khuyet diem cang ngay cdng to, den l^hi to qud, khdng sira chiia dugc niia, thi mgi vipc deu hdng.
Ai cung cdn tdm rua cho minh mdy s?ch sS.
Thi ai cdng can tu phe binh cho tu tudng vd hdnh dgng dugc dung ddn"'
That thd tu phe binh, phe binh ciing Id phdi neu cd uu diem, vach ra khuyet diem cda minh, cda ddng chi minh, chd dung nhiing Idi
"mia mai", "chua cay", "ddm thgc". Phe binh viec chit khdng phdi phe binh ngudi. Ngudi cd uu diem thi phdi cd gdng them. Ngudi khdc phdi cd gdng bdt chudc. Ngudi dugc phe binh phdi vui ldng tiep thu de sua ddi, khdng nen vi bj phe binh ma ndn chi, hode odn ghet ngudi phe binh minh. Mgi ngudi phdi tich cyc sua chua khuyet diem ciia minh vd giup anh em sira chira khuyet diem cua hg. Mdi ngudi can nhd rdng cdng nhieu uu diem nhd thanh mgt uu diem Idn, rdt co Igi cho mdi ngudi, mdi td chiic. Ngugc lai, cdng nhieu khuyet diem nhd thdnh mgt khuyet diem Idn, rdt cd hai.
That thd tu phe binh, phe binh cdn phdi chdng thdi ne nang va ehe gidu khuyet diem, chdng bieu hien "trudc mat thi ne, ke le sau lung". Tren thyc te, khdng it cdn bg, ddng vien rat sg phdi ty phe binh vd bj phe binh. 6 nhieu
noi can bg, ddng vien ty phe binh, phe binh hinh thirc, qua loa, ne nang, chieu Ip tham chi cdn che ddy khuyit diem cho nhau, lira doi cap iren, lira ddi td chitc'...
Hd Chi Minh nhdc nhd can bg, ddng vien khi phe binh khdng nen djnh kien: "... ta quyit khdng nen nhdn rdng hg mudn nhu the, md cdng kich hg. Trdi lai, ta phdi dimg thai dp thdn thiit, giup hp tim ra cdi cd vi sao ma sai lam? Sai Idm nhu the, s5 cd hai den cdng vipc ihi ndo? Ldm the nao ma sua chira? Tdm l;i phai phe binh cho dung"' vd "Phe binh cho dung, chdng nhirng khdng ldm gidm the dipn vd uy tin ciia cdn bg, cua Ddng. Trdi lai, cdn lam cho sy lanh dao manh me hon, thiet thyc hon, do dd md uy tin vd the dien cdng tdng them"'"
Ty phe binh vd phe binh phdi di ddi vdi nhau. "Ty phe binh rdi lai phdi phe binh ngudi khdc niia". Myc dich Id cho mpi ngudi hgc lan uu diem ciia nhau vd giup nhau chiia nhiing khuyet diem, "La cdt sda chiia, chii khong phdi de cdng kich, cdt giup nhau tien bp chii khdng phdi Idm cho ddng chi khd chju, nan long". Trudc het mdi ngudi phdi that thd ty phe binh, ty ddnh gid nhirng uu, khuyit diem ciia minh uudc. Tren co sd dd, sdn sang tiep thu ngudi khdc phe binh minh vdi tinh than cdu thj, mong tien bd. Ddng thdi tich eye tham gia phe binh ngudi khac vdi tinh thdn cdi md, chan thdnh.
3. Lam the nao de can bg, dang vien that tha tir phe binh, phe binh
Mudn mgi ngudi that tha ty phe binh, phe binh, phdi cd each thirc, phucmg phdp td chic
32 TAP CHi UCH SCF BANG-S6 10/2012
sy NGHIEP VA TU- Tl/dNG H 6 CHl MINH
chat che. Hd Chi Minh khuyen tu phe binh va phe binh phdi biet cdch, khdn kheo de dat hieu qua cao ldm cho ngudi cd khuyit diem ty giac nhdn vd sua chira khuyet diem cua minh. Hd Chi Minh phe phdn nhirng ngudi hay diing menh lenh hanh chinh trong cdng tac, Ngudi dua ra mgt hinh anh: "... banh nggt Id mpt thu ngon Idnh, nhung dem bdnh ngpt bdt ngudi ta dn, nhet vdo mieng ngudi ta, thi ai cung chdn"". Nhu vay, de mpi ngudi that thd ty phe binh, phe binh, ngudi td chuc, ngudi thuc hien phdi kheo, ddy thuc sy la mpt nghe thudt td chirc, img xir va giao tiep.
"Nhdn vo thdp todn", khd hdnh khdi sai lam vd khuyet diem, ai khdng Idm viec mdi khdng cd sai ldm. Nhu vay, chung ta khong sg khuyet diem, chi sg khdng biet, khdng nhan va khdng quyet tam sua chira khuyet diem. "Mudn sua chita cho tdt thi phdi sdn sang nghe qudn chung phe binh vd that tha tu phe binh. Khdng chiu nghe phe binh vd khdng tu phe binh thi nhdt djnh lac hau, thodi bp. Lac hau vd thodi bd thi se bi qudn chung bo roi. Dd Id tat yeu cua chu nghia cd nhan"
De mgi ngudi tich cue, hang hdi, "Phai md rpng phong hdo phe binh vd tu phe binh d hong Ddng^ d cdc co quan, cdc doan the, tren cdc bdo chi cho den nhdn ddn..." . Ty phe binh vd phe binh phai the hipn dugc tinh Ddng, tinh giao due, tinh khdch quan, trung thyc, thdng thdn, dan chu, cy thi vd thiit thuc; mat khdc phdi thuc hien ddng bd tir Trung uong d i n eg sd, d tat cd cac cdp, cdc ngdnh, cdp tren phdi neu guong cho cdp dudi, can bd lanh dao qudn ly phdi guong mdu va
triet de thuc hanh. "Can bd cdc cdp, nhdt la can bp cao cap phai lam guong trudc". Can khac phuc tu tudng va cdch Idra "nhp tren",
"nang dudi" trong to chuc ty phe binh, phe binh. Cdn "chii trgng phe binh minh trudc, phe binh ngudi sau, phe binh minh la chinh, phe binh ngudi la phy..."''
Van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve that tha ty phe binh, phe binh Uong qud trinh trien khai thyc hipn Nghj quyit Trung uong 4 khda XI, mdi cdn bd dang vien cdn neu cao tinh thdn
"khiem tdn, that thd, diing cdm". Dac biet, nhirng ddng vien cang giir trgng trach cao thi cdng phai neu cao tinh than guong mau va Uiet de thuc hdnh.
1, Bai phat biiu kit luan Hoi nghi Can bp loan qudc ttiin khai thuc hien Nghi quyit Trung uong 4 khoa XI cda ddng chi Tdng Bi thu Nguyin Phil Trong
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13. H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, Nxb CTQG, H, 2000, T.6, tr.210, 231-232, 210, 322, 209, 168, 206
9,10, 11. Sdd, T. 5, tr 361-362, 283, 284, 246 8.Xems(?rf,T6,U. 110.
MP CHi UCH sCr BANG - s610/2012 33
