Mghidn cuu • Trao ddi
T R A C LirCTNG THU MUC VA UNG DUNG TRONG CdNG TAG THU VIEN-THONG TIN
Nguyin Huxi Viem
De cdp din cac ting dving ciia trdc luong thu mytc trong cong tdc thong tin-thu vi^n.
Neu thi du vi 3 cdng trinh nghiin ciai, md trong trien khai, da dp diing phitang phap phdn tich thong ki.
Ung dung trong cong tac thu vien Tai Dai hdi hang nam ciia Hiep hdi Thu vien qudc te (IFLA) nSm 1995 kien nghi ve viec dua Trdc lugng thu muc vao chuong trinh giang day trong nganh thu vi?n da dugc neu ra. Giang day theo hai each: Semina va sti diing cac he thdng trirc tuyen cung cap cac phuong phap Trdc lugng thu miic khac nhau.
Kien nghi ciing neu rd, Trdc lugng thu miic la ca sd phat trien thu vien hgc trong viec nghien cuu, nhan biet nhiJng chu de mdi xuat hien va sd lugng an pham lien nganh dang phat trien. Ddi vdi nhimg thu vien Idn, Trdc lugng thu miac cd the sii diing de nghien cuu thuat ngii tra ciru, tir trong ten sach, tac gia, nguon theo dia ly hoSc theo thdi gian.
Vi dia, qua trinh phat trien vdn tai lieu cua mot thu vien thudng gdm ba budc la:
1) lap ke hoach, 2) thuc hien ke hoach va 3) danh gia vdn tai lieu da hinh thanh. O day, cac phuong phap Trdc lugng thu rniic nhu phan tich thdng ke cac trich dan trong tai lieu, lien ket thu muc (bibliography coupling), mdt khai niem dugc M.M. Kessler neu ra nam 1964,
phan tich trich ddn va tir ddng hanh (coword) dugc ap dung cd hieu qua.
Budc dau van dung o Viet Nam Trong thdi gian qua, chiing tdi budc dau da van dung phuong phap phan tich thdng ke trong ba cdng trinh nghien cuu nhd:
- Phan tich thdng ke tai lieu dugc trich dan trong cac bai bao tren tap chi Khoa hgc Ky thuat tir nam 1965 den nSm 1974.
Qua dd xac dinh cac ngdn ngii va do sau tai lieu dugc tham khao trich dan (nSm xuat ban tai lieu dugc tham khao) ciia cac nha khoa hgc Viet Nam [4].
- Phan tich thdng ke luan an khoa hgc ve Ddng Nam A dugc bao ve tai cac trudng dai hgc My dua tren cudn Current research on Southeast Asia: A Catalogue of Doctoral Dissertations, 1861-1982, do UMI (University Microfilms International) xuat ban thang 10 nSm
1982.
Day la cudn thu miic thdng ke cac luan an tien si va thac si ve Ddng Nam A, dugc bao ve tai cac trudng dai hgc d My tir luan an dau tien nam 1861 cho tdi nSm 1982. Cudn thu muc dugc sdp xep theo
THdNG TIN va TU U|U - 4/2007 19
Mghien cuu - Trao ddi
nude: Brunei, Campuchia, Inddnexia, Lao, Malaixia, Philippin, Thai Lan, Viet Nam, Singapo, ngoai ra cdn cd Hong Kong, Ma Cao va Dai Loan. Trong mdi nude, luan an dugc phan chia theo chii de. Toan bd cudn thu miic phan anh 3335 luan an trong do cd 296 luan an ve Viet Nam ciia cac tac gia la ngudi cac qudc gia ndi tren hoac ngudi My.
Can cti theo dir lieu bien muc ciia cudn thu rntic tren, chiing tdi da thdng ke phan tich, xac dinh dugc mdi quan tam ciia cac trudng dai hgc My ve khu vuc Ddng Nam A va ve Viet Nam theo cac chii de khac nhau. Luan an dau tien ve Ddng Nam A dugc bao ve nam 1917 ve Philippin, luan an dau tien ve Viet Nam dugc bao ve nam 1951 ve tieng Viet, do ngudi My thuc hien. Ve mat sd lugng luan an, Viet Nam diing sau Thai Lan, Philippin va Inddnexia. Phan tich thdng ke ciing cho thay danh sach nhiing trudng dai hgc My cd nhieu luan an khoa hgc ve Ddng Nam A va Viet Nam, ddng thdi du bao phat trien sd lugng luan an trong 20 nam cdn lai ciia the ky XX [5].
- Phan tich thdng ke bao cao khoa hgc dua tren tap sach "Hdi thao qudc te ve Viet Nam hgc. Ha Ndi, ngay
15-I7/7/I998. Tom tdt bao cao khoa hgc" cua Nha xuat ban The gidi in nam
1999. Day la ban thu muc ve 170 bao cao ciia 22 nude tren the gidi tai Hdi thao, dugc sdp xep theo 8 chu de caban. Diing phuong phap trdc lugng thu muc nghien ciru tai lieu Hdi thao cho thay vao nam 1998 cd 4 truns tam tren the eidi ntjhien
cuu ve Viet Nam: Nhat Ban d chau A, Hoa Ky- chau My, Oxtraylia- chau Dai Duong va Phap- chau Au. Ddng thdi, phan tich thdng ke ciing xac dinh dugc mdi quan tam tai mdi trung tam tren nhu sau: Ngudi Nhat Ban tap trung vao chu de van hoa va giao luu, hdi nhap van hoa;
ngudi My- chii de ngdn ngu va tieng Viet, ngudi Oxtraylia- chu de kinh te xa hdi; cdn ngudi Phap lai quan tam gan nhu nhau tdi nhieu chu de [6].
Thay Idi ket luan, xin dugc trich y kien ciia tien si Wolfgang Glanzl neu ra nam 2003: "Ngay nay trdc lugng thu muc la mdt trong nhiing linh vuc nghien ciiu lien nganh thuc sir hiem hoi cd the md rdng hau nhu tat ca cac linh vuc khoa hgc.
Phuong phap luan trdc lugng thu muc da trd thanh mdt bd phan ciia toan hgc, khoa hgc xa hdi, khoa hgc tu nhien, ky thuat va tham chi ca trong khoa hgc ddi sdng" [2].
Tdi lieu tham khdo
/. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science / Allen Kent...- New York: htarol Laucour, 2000.
2. Bibliometrics as a research field: A course on theory and application of bibliometric indicators / Wolfgang Glanzl.- Bruxell:
Course Handouts, 2003. Machlup, Fntz. Knowledge and Knowledge Production.- Princeton: Pnnceton University, 1980
4. Nguyin HQu Viem. Phan tich thong ke tai lieu duoe trich dki tren tap chi Khoa hoc tu 1965-1974. Tap san Hoat dong ttiong tin khoa hoc, so 2 nam 1978, tr. 6-13.
5. NguySn Hiju Viem. Phan tich thong ke luan an ve Dong Nam A duoe bao ve tai cac tnmg dai hoc My. Tap san Hoat dong thong tin khoa hoc, so 2 nam 1987 tr 13-24.
6. NguySn Huu Viem. Phan tich thong ke bao cao khoa hoc trong Hoi thao quoc te ve Viet Nam hoc duoe td chirc tai Ha NOI thang 7 nam 1998. Van hoa Nghe thuat. so 12 nam 1999 tr 88-91.
20 THONG TIN va TU'LIEU - 2/2009
