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Tir CHU CUA CAC TROSNG D A I HOC
TRONG HOAT DONG KHOA HOC
BANGBilAM Itin Khoa hoc BMo dui; «ei Nam
Email: dan!ilialam@gmaH,Goni
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2. Pham vivamdcdotuchdcua tri/dng dai hgc Tight (1992) d i phin biet siu iinh vuc tudo trong viec ra quyet dmh cd lien guan den tu chu cua trudng OH. Bd la: tu chu trang guin i| tu chu trang thuc hien kiem soit tai chinh theo kieu doanh nghidp, tuchu trang cac guyet dmh nhin su, tu chu trong tuydn chon sinh vien, tu chd trong viec quyet dinh chuong trtnh giing day va tu chu trong viec dinh gia, cap bing. Cd the sip xep lai cac lmh vuc dd nhu sau: Trudng DH tu chu trong thuc hien sd menh cua minh vd dio tao, hoat ddng khoa hoc (Ndi gdp lai i i hoat ddng hoc thuat] va tu chd trang cac dieu kien de thuc hien sd menh dd la: eg cau td chdc nhin su, tai chinh, CO sd vat chit
TU chd ve cic dieu kien la de thuc hien sd menh cua trudng. Vl viy, chung tdl tip trung bin siu hgn ve tu chu trong thuc hidn sd menh cda trudng OH vdl hai chuc ning chinh la dao tgo vi hoot ddng khoa hoc cdng nhu ve mdi guan h i gida hai chdc ning dd. (S cic trudng DH Lien Xo trudc day cung nhu d cic nudc trudc day nim trong vdng inh hudng cua Lien Xd nhu Viet Nam hai chuc ning nay thudng tach rdi nhau trong dd chdc nang hang dau cua trudng DH l i dio tao, cdn chdc ning hoat dong khoa hoc ii thUyeu vi chdc ning nay chu ydu dugc giao cho he thdng vien nghien cdu thudc vien bin lam khoa hoc. Cic nhiem vu nghien cdu Idn cung nhu nhan IUc va tii chi'nh khoa hoc tip trung vio he thdng cac vien nay. Chinh vi thd, vi the khoa hoc cua cac trudng OH trong he thdng khoa hoc guoc gia tuong ddl ydu [1 ] Trong khi dd, d cic nudc phuang Tay, die biet l i Ml ci ha, chuc ning niy deu duoc glao phd cho cic trudng OH. Truong DH khdng chi la bd miy dio tao nhin iuc mnh do cao ma cdn ia co may sin xua't tn thdc. Trang hai chuc nang dd thi ket gui thuc hien chdc ning hoat
S{l32,TllANIilV201l.7 1, Bin chat sutuchd cija trudng dai hoc
a cic nudc phuang Tiy, tu chu cua trudng dai hoc (OH) deu duoc ggi l i -fiulonomf. Cung khii mem dd ,, trong tieng MSt cd mdt sd cich goi khic nhau: Tu chu H tu tri, tu quin, tu lap, tu iuc,... nen tang chung dd la tu , do, vdi cich hieu sutudo con ngudi cd duoc l i do nhin thdc v i hanh ddng theo sutat yeu, tdc la nim duac cac ,: quy luit vin ddng cda tunhi#n,xi hdl vi hanh ddng phu :- tidPvSicicquyluitdddetdntaivaphittrien.TuycictU if do cd cdng nen ting nhung khi sddung chung ngudi ta
» cd sucin nhSc, lua chon nhat dinh:Tuchu thudng duoc dung mdt cich trang trong, thieng lieng khi ndi den su dgc lap, tu chu cua mdt guoc gia: Tu tri thudng duac dung de ndi den die quydn cua mdt vung, mdt ianh thd trong gude gia: Tu guin thudng duac dung de ndi den quydn cua mdt td chdc: cdn tu l i p tu iuc thl duac dung de ndi den ning iuc cua td chdc dd dviet Nam, fchi ndi ve quyen cua cic trudng OH (chlnh thdc khdi dau tULoit Clio due 19981, ngudi ta khdng ngai ngin dung t d ' t u chu-ma iai e ngai dung td"fum"; bdi vi khdng mudn de nha trudng trdthanh mdt td chdc biet lip trang mdt nha nuac tu lau cd thdi quen guin li rat tap trung Nhung dieu do xuit phit td yeu td tim ii hon l i do y nghla cda ngon td hay bin chit cua vin de Bin chat cda van de l i de nhi uudng OH cd the phat tnen, tao ndn ting cho su phat men khdng nhdng cda chi'nh nha truong ma cdn cho su phit trien cda ci mdt vung. mdt dat nudc vi rdng hon l i cda ci nhin ioai. Nhi trudng phii duoc tu tri de tudo phit tnen, khdng hi can thiep bdi moi the" iuc than quyen cung nhu the guyen. Lich sd phit trien cua nen giio due DH the gidi ndi neng cung nhu cda cua nhin ioai ndi Chung da ndi len dieu dd
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dong khoa hoc quyet dinh vi the cua trUdng D H trong he t h o n g D H qude gia v l quoe te. Xdp hang eac t r u d n g OH t r o n g p h a m vl qude te chu yeu dUa tren c i e tieu chi ve thanh t y u khoa hpc [2].
S d d i hoat dong k h o a h o e c o v i t r i c a o n h u v a y v i tri thdc khoa hoc fa nen t i n g cua g i l o due ndi ehung v l cua dao tao DH ndi rieng. Oao tao OH la hoat dpng chuyen tai t n thdc do hoat d d n g nghien cdu khoa hoe san smh ra, danh mye nganh dao tao OH dUa tren danh mye cae m o n khoa hoc [3]. Neu khong phat trien hoat dong khoa hoc thi hoat dong dao tao se nguflg tre va sU p h l t tnen ciia xa hoi toai ngudi cung giam chan tai eho
3. T\i chu cua t r i / ^ g dai hoc trong hoat d g n g khoa hoc
Trong lich sd p h l t trien ciJa loal ngUdi, sy t i d n bo eila t n thdc khoa hoc thue day su p h l t tnen eua nen san xuat v l sU phat trien cua x l hdi, Khdng can p h l i t r d lai thdi cd dai qu5 xa xdi. chi can ke den nhdng budc nhay vot trong v l i the kl gan day, d d la: SU phat tnen cua cP hoc, cua nhiet d o n g hoc, cua ki thuat dlen, . tao ra cuoc c i c h mang cdng nghiep, sUphat tnen eua vat li hat n h i n tao ra cudc each mang ve nang luong, sU phat tnen eOa dieu khien hpc, ciia ki thuat vien t h d n g , cua edng nghd thong tin tao t h d i dai t h d n g tin n g l y nay„,Tuy nhien, heh sd cung da chdng kien n h u p g c i n t r d Idn ddi vdi sy tien b p c u a khoa h p c . C d t h e d a n r a v f d u n h u s a u : trade day la s u e l m d o a n c O a n h a t h d d d i vdi vide phd bien thuyet nhSt tam eua Copernle, thuyet tien hoa cua Darwin, .,.
gan day hon I I sU cam doan phat tnen d i truyen hpc, c i c hoe thuyet ve q u i n 11 t r o n g mpt t h d i gian 6 Lidn Xd NhO'ng cam d o l n do da lam eho mdt sd ITnh vUc khoa hpc va cong nghe d Lien Xo trudc day lac hau so vdl Phuong l a y vai thap ki, I n h hUdng Idn den viec tao gidng, den nang sual lao dong trong nong nghiep, den hieu q u i q u i n If s i n x u i t va xa hdi, .
De d i m b l o sU phat tnen t u nhidn ciia khoa hoe, de khoa hoe c o t h e ddng vai t r d d o n g lye t h u d n g xuyen eua sy tien bd, can cd su t u do trong s i n g tao khoa hoc va cdng nghe Susang tao do chi tuan theo mot m d n h lenh duy nhat la logic ciia tU duy, logic cua khoa hoc. Logic dd manh hon bat ed the lyc n a a Tu ehu cua t r u d n g OH chlnh I I de b l o d i m cho sU t u do sang tao d d .
4. NhCfng van d e flat ra doi v o l t U chO tri/dng dai h o e d Viet Nam
Viet Nam da xac dinh khoa hoc, edng nghe cung vdi giao due, d i o tao I I qudc sach hang dau, tuy nhien dieu do chua thue sU di vao cuoc sdng Chien luac Phat trien Giao due 2011-2020 nhan manh rlng:'Giao ducphdithae saia qudc sach hang dau" H l n g nam, tl le ngan sach N h i nudc dau t U c h o linh vUc nay k h o i n g 1,5%, t u o n g d u o n g 700 tridu USD Trong khi do, H l n Qudc dau tU cho khoa hoc cong nghe la 28,288 tridu USD [Nam 2006), gan g i p ddl Lien bang Nga (16669 tridu USD), nUdc thda ke vi
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t h e c u d n g qudc khoa hgc cua Lien Xo trade d l y . N&
t i n h trdn dau ngu'di t h i dau t u d o g a p 10 lan Nga v l gSf khoang 80 I l n Viet Nam. Dieu d o e h d n g t d b i n g t h u c t j H l n Quoc cd quyet t a m rat cao dUa v l o khoa hgc, efing nghe de p h l t trien n h a n h dat nadc.
Viet Nam ehua dau t u m a n h m e c h o khoa hoc, cfing nghd vi hai Id: M o t mat n h d n g ngu'di quyet dinh chfnh sach 6 cap cao nhat chua nhan thdc het t a m quan trong ciia khoa hpc, cdng nghe ddi vdi tien bo cua s i n xuStvj xa hdi; Mat k h l c t r o n g t h d l glan qua, vdi n h u t i g gi cd dUot v e d o l ngu, tai chinh,.., khoa hoe, eong nghe 6Vidt Nam chua cd d d n g g d p dang ke t r o n g viee tao ra eac thay ddlii ret ve s i n xuat v l ddi sdng xa hoi, vi the chda tao ra nIAn tin cho xa hoi Khong can nhin dau xa, chi can nhin sang cac nudc lang gieng: Hang Trung Quoc da dang, phong phu, rd tien t r i n ngap t h l t r u d n g Vidt Nam; Cae gidng c^, t r l l ciia Thai Lan I l n I t cay trai cua Viet Nam,,, Nhdva/.ia the t h i y , khoa hoe, eong nghd cua cac nudc do da co va' tro rd ret t r o n g vide tao ra su thay doi ngoan mye eho iin xuat v l tieu diJng d t r o n g va n g o l i nudc,
Odi vdi DH V i e t N a m , dieu dang duoc quan tam vi t h i o luan s6i ndi v e t U e h u O H hien nay 11 t y ehii v^ tii ehfnh, vd tuyen sinh, ve m d n g a n h dao tao,.., nhiing vfc dd lien quan den s y t d n tai hay k h d n g t o n tai trude mit ciia nha t r u d n g , ft ngu'di quan t a m den t y chii v^ sing tao khoa hpc. Dieu do cung d e hieu bdi vl, so vdl d i o t?o t h i hoat d d n g khoa hoe t r o n g eae t r u d n g DH Viet Nam van theo truyen t h o n g 6 e l c nudc xa hdi chu nghia Mix day, c h i d v i tri t h d y e u , k i n h phf it, nhiem vu lal khdng bit bude. CIc t r u d n g OH t a p t r u n g chu yeu vao hoat dfing d i o tao cdn hoat d d n g khoa hpe tien hanh den d i u iiay do, M p t nghidn edu tri/de d l y (Tran Van Nhung, Trfr Khanh Ode) chl ra r i n g e l c trUctng D H 6 Vidt Nam chlSm k h o i n g 70% nhan lyc khoa hpc trlnh d d cao. nhdng chi duac 12% kinh p h i t d ngan s i c h khoa hoc Nha nu6c,
Gan day, Vidt Nam m u o n n l n g vi the e l c trudng BH tren t f U d n g q u o c t e , Quyet d i n h 12V2007/QD-TTg vequy hoach mang ludi cae t r u d n g OH, cao d i n g giai doan 2006- 2020 de ra muc tidu den nam 2020 cd 1 t r d d n g DH tot vio t d p 200 t r u d n g h l n g dau the gidi, trong khi hidn nay Vift Nam chua co trUdng n l o Ipt v l o b i n g xep hang ciJa di t o chdc danh g i l co uy tfn n h u Times Higher Education Supplement hay Trudng D H Giao t h o n g Thuong Hii Cdn trong xep hang cua e l c to chdc It ndi tieng hon nhJ Webometrics thi t r u d n g hang dau ciia Viet Nam ddng thiJ 1920 [2],Tdvi the hien nay ma 4 nam nda vuan d\jgc\h vi the mdi theo quy hoach la mot bUdc n h l y cUc xa, dno) nhifrig quyet dinh het sdc tao bao M u d n thuc hidn duW dieu dd, trudc hdt can tang vai t r d eiia hoat dong khoa hoc c l nudc ndi chung va x^c d i n h lai vi trf cua e l c tnjang DH trong hd thong khoa hoc quoc gia theo m d hinh cic I nudc tidn t i ^ n , sau do la t d n t r o n g t u chu, t u d o eiia sing tao khoa hpe cua eae trUdng OH
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AUTONOMY AT UNIVERSITIES IN SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY
Dang Ba Lam The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Email: dangbalam@gmallxom
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