Chu nghia Mdc - Lenin. Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh
GIA TRI TO AN DIEN VA SAU SAc CIIA Tir Tl/OOVG HO CHI MEVH TlT GOC NHIN T i r TirCflVG LAP HIEN
TS. N G U Y E N THI TUYET MAI '*'
Tdm tdt: "Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la he thdng cdc quan diem todn diin vd sdu sdc... "^'K Tinh "todn dien " vd "sdu sdc " khdng chi phdn dnh dgc diem cua he thdng ngi dung tu tudng, md cdn the hien gid tri cua "tdi sdn tinh thdn vd cung to ldn vd quy gid cua Ddng vd ddn tpc ta"'^'. Bdi viet khdng dinh tinh todn dien vd sdu sde eua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, tiep can tir gdc nhin tu tudng lap hien.
Tir khda: todn dien vd sdu sdc; tu tudng Hd Chi Minh; tu tudng lap hiin
T
u tudng lap hien la mdt ndi dung quan trpng trong di san tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, bao gdm cac quan diem vl nhirng van dl co ban ciia hian phap va cdng tac lap hien, dugc ket tinh tir kit qua cua sy van dung diing dan, sang tao ly luan lap hian ciia chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, ka thira va phat huy cac gia tri tu tudng "diic tri" va "phap tri" ciia truyen thdng dan tdc, riep thu tinh hoa ly luan lap hian cua nhan loai; ddng thdi, la ket qua true tiep ciia qua trinh tdng ket va khai quat thyc tien xay dyng nan phap quyan Viet Nam'•' Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vuc II, Hpc Vien Chinli tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
hien dai. Tiap can dudi gdc do tu tudng lap hian, gia tri "toan dien" va "sau sSc" ciia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thd hien d nhirng bd phan ndi dung; ngupc lai, mdi bd phan ndi dung - vdi gia tri toan dien va sau s^c - tao thanh gia tri tdng the cua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh.
Tinh todn dien cua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh thudng dugc hiiu d chieu rdng ciia cac vSn d l ndi dung dupc d l cap. Nhirng vSn dl ca ban ciia each mang Viet Nam, du tilp can d gdc dp cac ITnh vuc ciia ddi sdng (kinh tl, chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi, quoc phdng, an ninh ) hay dudi gdc dd nhung khia canh co ban de td chirc sy nghiep each mang (con ducmg each mang, muc tiau each mang, ddi tugng each mang, luc lugmg tiln hanh each mang
Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 4/?noA
Chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin, Tu tudng Ho Chi Minh 11 phuong phap each mang, lyc lugng lanh dao
each mang...) deu dugc the hien trong cac tnrdc tac va qua thyc tien hoat ddng each mang cua Ho Chi Minh.
Trong qua trinh tim dudng cuu nudc, Hd Chi Mmh da sdng va lam viec d nhidu noi tren the gidi, dac biet la trong thdi gian vdi tu each thanh vian gift nhiing cuong vi, trpng trach khac nhau d Qude te Cong sau, thdng qua cac tac pham, Ngudi de cap tdi nhieu van de ciia khu vuc va quoc tl, nhu: ian an chii nghTa thyc dan;
each mang ruong dat; phong trao giai phdng dan tdc; phong Uao cpng san va cdng nhan qude te; phong trao hda binh dan ehu va tien bd; xay dung chu nghla xa hdi, doan kat qude te...
Tinh sdu sdc thudng dugc hiau d chieu sau cua cac quan diem, luan diam xet trong mdi hrong quan vdi nhan thitc phd bian duong thdi, tuong quan vdi kha nang/miic do phan anh ban chat van da, tuong quan vdi kha nang dy bao, din dat qua trinh thuc tiln. Sir kat hgp ciia chiau rdng (toan dien) vdi chieu sau (sau sac) cua npi dung tao ra gia tri toan dien va sau sac ciia ndi dung tu tudng.
Tu tudng lap hien cita Hd Chi Minh dupc dinh hmh tir rdt sdm, ngay trong qua trinh 30 nam bdn ba tim dudng ciiu nudc va hoat dgng each mang d nudc ngoai (1911 -1941). Ben canh dd, tu tudng lap hidn dugc Hd Chi Minh phat trien bang su bd sung ddi dao va phong phii cac quan diem, luan diem qua thyc tian hon 20 nam true tiap lanh dao xay dung Nha nudc Viet Nam Dan chil Cdng hda, soan thao va ban hanh Hidn phap qua cac thdi ky (1945 - 1969). Thdng qua viec de cap va luan giai cac van da tir co ban, cdt ldi ddn chi tiet, cu the cua hian phap va cdng tac xay dung, thyc thi hidn phap, di san tu tudng lap hiln Hd Chi Mmh dugc thua nhan la he thdng quan diem toan dien va sau sac ve lap hien kieu mdi d Viet Nam.
Gid tr{ todn difn cua tu tudng lap hien Ho Chi Minh vira the Men d chieu rdng ciia cac ndi dung ham chiia ly luan va thuc tien to ldn, vira thd hien d pham vi ddi tirgng ma tu tirdng ay tac ddng den.
CuthI:
- Chiau rdng ciia gia tri tu tudng lap hien Hd Chi Minh the hien d quan diem phe phan cha dp thuc dan dang thiet lap de thdng tri va bdc lot nhan dan cac nudc thudc dia dudi gdc dp phap ly; quan diem v l hiln phap (sy cSn thiet, ban chat, ndi dung, myc tieu...); ve cdng tac xay dyng (vai trd, quydn lap hien, quy trinh v a d i e u k i e n l a p h i e n . . . ) ; v l thyc thi hiln phap (tam quan trgng, chu tha, muc dieh - yeu cau, phuang thiic...). Trong eac quan diam dd, ndi bat la nhiing luan giai cua Hd Chi Minh ve cac npi dung sau:
Thu nhdt, vai trd cua lap hiln da hiln dinh quyen ddc lap, tu do, chu quyen cua quoc gia;
xac lap nen tang phap Iy ciia chd dp chinh tri vdi Nha nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda la trung tam, tii sau thang lgi cua Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945; thd che hda dudng ldi eiia Dang ve con dudng each mang Viet Nam thdng qua khang dinh bang phap ly con dudng dpc lap dan tdc gan Iian vdi chu nghTa xa hgi; xac lap nan tang nhiing quyen co ban cua con ngudi, nhan dan trong mdt quoc gia ddc lap, cd chit quyen va thugng tdn phap luat (quyen sdng, quydn ty do va quyen muu cau hanh phuc; quyen lam ehii dat nudc, lam chii cha do chinh tri va lam chii chinh van menh cudc sdng ban than; quydn binh dang, quyen hgc tap, quyan tham gia chinh tri). Trong nghj quyit cua Qude dan Dai hgi d Tan Trao (ngay 16/8/1945) - van kien cd vai trd tidn de cho Hiln phap nam 1946 - Hd Chi Minh vdi vai trd chu tri da khSng dinh: Nha nudc each mang se
"ban bd nhiing quyin ciia dan cho dan: Nhan quyen; Tai quyan (quyen sd huu); Dan quyen:
quyen phd thdng dau phiau, quyen tu do dan chil (tu do tin ngudng, ty do tu tudng, ngdn luan, hdi hpp, di lai), dan tdc binh quyin, nam nil binh quyan"'".
Thie hai, chii thi, ndi dung, phuang thiie thyc hien quyin lap hidn*'". Hd Chi Minh cd nhiing de cap rat ey the ve chu the quydn lap hiln, gdm chu thd tdi cao (nhan dan)'^', chil thi chuyen trach (Quoc hdi, Uy ban Du thao Hiln phap)"'', chii the tham gia thyc hien
Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 4/2020
20 Chu nghta Mdc - Linin, Tutudng Ho Chi Minh quan chung nhan dan trong xay dyng Dang
se lam cho Dang them viing manh, tang them mdi quan he mat thilt giua Dang vdi nhan dan.
Nhirng khuyet diem, sai lam ciia ngucri can bd lanh dao, quan ly, cua td chiic co sd dang do nhiau nguyen nhan, cd thd td chiic va cap tiy khdng phat hien dupc, hoac khdng phat hien kip thdi, nhung khdng tha che dupc "tai mat" cua nhan dan. Bdi vi, theo Chu tich Hd Chi Muih,
"Hp chang nhiing trdng thay nhiing ngudi tdt, viec tdt, ma hg cdn trdng thay nhihig ngudi xau, viec xau trong Dang"*'"". Mudn thuc hien cd hieu qua cdng tac xay dung Dang, xay dung dao dire mdi cho can bg lanh dao, quan ly, thi nhat thiet phai phat huy vai tid eiia quan chiing nhan dan.
Neu khdng phat huy dupc vai trd cua quan chirng nhan dan, thi viec xay dung dao dire mdi cho can bg lanh dao, quan ly se khdng cd ket qua nhu mong mudn, nhimg khuyat diam ciia can bd lanh dao, quan ly khdng dupc khac phuc kip thdi, td chiic Dang vit dang vien se khdng the tien bd nhanh; ddng thdi, dd la dSu hieu ciia su "xa dan", thii benh quan liau ma chmh Hd Chi Minh da nhidu lan canh bao ddi vdi can bd, dang vidn ndi chung va can bd lanh dao, quan ly ndi ridng.
De lam tdt vSn de nay, c§n cd quy chl ro rang lay y kian ciia quan chiing ve td chiic Dang va can bd lanh dao, quan ly. Phai that sy tdn tigng y kien ddng gdp ciia quan chimg, chdng lai sy lgi dung, xuyen tac tinh hinh lam sai lech nhan thirc ciia quan chung, de lam ca sd chdng ddi, "dau da" lan nhau. Can nhan thirc ro, quan chiing nhan dan la ngudi xay dyng Dang, bao ve Dang, vi sy viing manh ciia Dang chir khdng phai la ngudi bao ve cho nhimg lgi ich ich ky Ciia bat cti ca nhan nao.
Thuc t l cho thay, sy budng ldng quan ly, kidm tia, giam sat ciia cac cap, cac nganh, cac doan tha va nhan dan ddi vdi can bd lanh dao, quan ly thdi gian qua da tao ndn mdi truimg thuan Ipi cho su xudng cap ve dao dice d mdt bg phan khdng nhd can bd lanh dao, quan ly. Chinh vi vay, cSn ddi mdi va tang cudng hieu luc kidm tia, giam sat ddi vdi can bg lanh dao, quan ly.
Kidn quyet khdng da can bd nao diing ngoai su
kidm tia, giam sat cua cac co quan chirc nang ciing nhu cua cac cap, cac nganh va nhan dan.
Tdm lgi. de day manh hgc tap tu tudng, d?to due, phong each Ho Chi Minh, thi yau cau khach quan dat ra ddi vdi mdi ngudi can bd la phai tu ren Iuyen, bdi dudng dao dire each mang, xem day la viec "can lam ngay" va phai dugc thuc hien lien tyc, ban bi, thudng xuyen
"nhu rira mat hang ngay". Ren luyen dao dtic khdng phai la viec lam ngay mot ngay hai, ma dd la ca mdt qua tiinh dau tianh vdi chinh ban than, vdi quyat chi, quyat tam tu duong, ren luyen khdng phat chi trong Idi ndi ma cdn phai gan lien vdi hanh dgng thiet thye, cu the de xiing dang vdi niem tin cua Dang, mong mdi ciia nhan dan.
Dac biet, trong bdi canh the gidi dang bien ddi nhanh chdng, phiic tap va khd ludng nhu hien nay, ddi hdi can bd lanh dao, quan ly phai cd tu duy ddi mdi, ddi mdi vdi chinh minh nham dap irng dugc yen cau cua bdi canh mdi, ke ca trong ren luyen dao diic each mang cung khdng Cling nhac ma phai cd nhiing bd sung, phat trien cho phii hop vdi xu thi ciia thdi dai va nhiing yau cau, nguyen t§c, quy djnh mdi cua DangG
(u, (21 VMS) Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, t,9, Nxb Chinh tn quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2000, tr 320-321, 252 va 293 P' Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, Sdd, t.8, tr.236 Mtv^uoi Ho Chi Minh Todn lap. Sdd, t.5, tr.l04 va 552
*« Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Nghi quyk Hoi nghi ldn thu bdy Ban Chap hdnh Trung uang khoa XU, Ha Npi 2018 '" Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Nghi quyit Hoi nghi ldn thie tuBan Chap hdnh Trung ucmg khoa XII, Ha Npi 2016
"' Ho Chi Minh Todn tdp. Sdd. 1.7, tr.480 ''> H6 Chi Mmh Todn tdp, Sdd 11 tr 263
™ • ' S ' ' ™ ""*• '"^•'"'" •"'•= «»• nghi ian thi, tam Ban Chap Trung irong Bang khoa XII cua T i n g Bi thu
Nguyen Phu Trong ^
"^' H6 Chi Minh Tom tdp, Sdd, 110, tr 578 '"' Ban Chip hanh Trung uong Dang, Quy dmh A 89 QD/TW, ngay 04/8/2017 vS Khu., tteLOTZ da„h. dmh h„m,g khung lieu chi da„b gH „ i „ ^.,.
dao, quan ly cac cdp
"^' Ho Chi Minh Toan igp. Sdd, t.6, tr 225
Kluw,iifin nhinh tri - So 4/5noo
