TAP Cffl KHOA HQC TRUCfNG BAI HQC H b N G BlYC - SO 47.201?
GIAO DUC TU" TirdNG NHAN VAN HO CHI MINH CHO SINH VIEN TRirdfNG DAI HOC HONG DlTC THONG QUA
MON HOC lifTl/bNGHO CHI MINH
N g u y l n Thi T3m^
TOM T A T
Tren ca s& diiu tra, khdo sdt thuc trgng gido due tu tu&ng nhdn vdn cho sinh vien Tru&ng Dgi hgc Hdng Due vd nhimg nhdn thirc. hdnh dgng mang tinh nhdn vdn cita sinh vien trong cude sdng; tde gid da di xudt mot sd gidi phdp nham ndng cao hieu qud gido due tu tu&ng nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien a Truang Dgi hgc Hdng Due Men nay nhu: kit htyp gida gia dinh. nhd trudng vd xa hgi, phdt huy vai trd lu gido due, long ghep vdo ndi dung cdc mdn hgc... Trong bdi viit ndy, tde gid chi di sdu de cap gidi phdp gido due lu lu&ng nhdn vdn Hd CM Minh cho sinh viin thdng qua mdn hgc Tu luang Hd Chi Minh & Tnrdng Dgi hge Hdng Due Men nay.
Tir khoa: Gido due. tu tu&ng nhdn vdn, Hd CM Minh, sinh vien.
I . D A T V A N D E
Sinh thdi, Chu tich Hd Cbi Minh ludn quan tam tdi viec giao due Iy tudng, dao diic, ldi song van hoa cho thanh nien. Ngudi coi thanh nien la lyc luong quan ttpng ttong xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc. Van dyng sang tao tu tudng H6 Chi Minh, Ban Bi tbu Trung uong Dang da ban hanh Chi thj 42 - CT/TW, ngay 24/3/2015 "vl tang cudng sy lanh dao ciia Dang ddi vdi cdng tac giao due ly tudng each mang, dao dire, ldi song van hda cho the he tte giai doan 2015 - 2030". Tren ca sd cae cbi tbi cua Trung uong Dang, Dang bd Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Due ludn nhan manh: cdng tac giao due chinh tti, tu tudng, dao dftc, ldi sdng van hda, nhan each cbo sinh vien la mdt ttong nhftng nhiem vu ttgng tam ttong chucmg trinh dao tao cua nha trudng. Viec giao due tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi chung, tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng cho sinh vien da dugc Nha trudng ttien kbai thanb cae chuong trinh hanh ddng cu the nhu: Td chue cho sinh vien tbam gia cac cude tbi tim hieu ve tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh, Idng ghep ndi dung giao dye tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh ttong viec giang day cac mdn Iy luan chinb tri, thanb lap Can lac bg Hien man nhan dao, phong ttao thanh nien tinh nguyen vi cude sdng cdng ddng, chia khd vung cao, Ddng i m xir Thanh... Cac chuong trinh nay da cd sue Ian tda rdng ldn va thu hut dupc ddng dao sinh vien tham gia. Thdng qua dd, da gdp phan nang cao nhan thuc va banh ddng cua sinh vien ttong cupc sdng. Phin Idn, sinh vien biet sdng cd ttach nhiem vdi ban than, gia dinh va xa hdi. Biet quan tam, chia se va giup da nhiing ngudi xung quanh theo tinb than "la Ianh dum la raeh", sdng khoan dung, do lupng, nhan ai, vj tha. Tuy nhien, ben canh dd vin cdn mgt bg phan khdng nhd sinh vidn Nha trudng cd nhiing bieu hien eua chu nghTa ca nhan, icb ky, lay ban than minh la trung ' Khoa Ly ludn Chinb tri - Lugt, Truang Dgi hoc Hong Dice
114
TAP Cffl KHOA HOC TRU^^NG PAI HQC HONG BlTC - S 6 47.2019
tam; giam sut ly tadng, xuong cap v l dao diic ttong gia dmh va xa hdi; vd cam budc nhftng sd phan bit hanh ttong cupc sdng... Nhftng hien tuong phi nhSn van nay tuy chua phd biln ttong sinh vien Trudng Dai bpc Hdng Due, song nd lai dang cd xu huong gia tang, dang gay ra nhung he luy dau long cho ban than sinh vien, nha trudng, gia dmh va xa hpi. Mdt ttong nhftng nguyen nhan cua tinh ttang tten la da d mdt sd thdi dilm cae giai phap giao dye tu tudng, dao diic, phong each Hd Chi Minh, ttong dd cd giao dye tu tudng nhan van cho sinh vien da dugc Nha ttudng triln khai, song van chua dat bieu qua cao so vdi myc tieu dat ra.
Vi vay, de tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh thim sau vao nhan thiic va hanh dpng cua sinh vi8n thi viee nghien cim nhiing giai phap phu hgp nhim nang cao hieu qua giao due tu tudng nhan van cho sinh vien la van de can thiet. Trong dd, giai phap giao dye tu tnr ig nhan van Hd Cbi Minh thong qua mdn hpc tu tudng Hd Chi Minh cd vai ttd dac biet quan ttgng, nhim cung cap day du cho sinh vien nhiing nhan thiic ve tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh giup sinh vien cd nhung hanh ddng dep mang tinh nhan van ttong cupc sdng.
2. NQl DUNG
2.1. Nhfrng noi dung cff ban cua tir tiroTig nhan van Hh Chi Minh
Cd rat nhieu sach bao, ca ttong nudc lan nudc ngoai viet ve Hd Chi Minh. Cd mpt nhan xet chung la nhilu cdng trinh khoa hpc dudi kbia canh nay hay khia canh khac, it nhieu deu cd y tudng tiep can vdi chuyen de "tu tudng nhan van", vi do chinh la mdt ndi dung khdng the tbieu kbi ndi ve nhan each Hd Chi Minh. Cho din nay chua co nhieu cdng trinb tap tiung tiuc tilp vilt tiieo ehu d l tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Mmh hay chu nghia nhan van Hd Chi Minh. Tuy nhien, nhilu hgc gia ttong nudc va qudc t l dudi gdc do tiep can ndng sau khac nhau it nhieu deu cd y tudng tiep can vdi chuyen de "chu nghta nhan van". Mdt sd ngudi dac biet nhin manh tdi cupc ddi tan ttung vdi nudc, tan hieu vdi dan, sdng khiem tdn, binh dj, hda nhap vdi mgi ngudi, khdng mang tdi danh lgi ciia Hd Chi Minh va xem do la ndi dung cdt ldi ciia tu tudng va gia tti nhan van Hd Chl Minh. Cd nha nghien eftu lai cho ring hr tiidng nhan van Hd Chi Minh bilu hien ttong sudt cupc ddi diu ttanh khdng bilt met mdi eua Ngudi nhim giai phdng dan tde, giai phdng xa hgi de cudi cung di den giai phdng con ngudi. Khi dinh nghTa khai niem Tu tuang nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh, cin dya vao cac nguyen tic phuang phap luan Marx. Theo PGS.TS. Luang Gia Ban - PGS.TS. Hoang Trang 'Vhu nghia nhdn vdn Hd CM Mnh Id bd phgn hgp thdnh xuyen sudt lu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh, bao gom hi thing edc quan diim ly Man dugc rut ra tu thuc lien cdch mgng. tir su ki thita vdphdt triin nhirng gid tri nhdn vdn cita ddn tgc vd th&i dgi, md dinh cao la chu nghia nhdn dgo Mdc - Lenin, phdn dnh tinh yiu thuang, quy trgng, quan ldm, bao dung, do luang den con nguai vd niim tin vimg ehdc vdo bdn chdt tdt dep cita eon ngu&i; phdn dnh con du&ng gidi phdng con nguai mgt each triet di nham xdy dung mgt ehe do xd hgi trong do con ngu&i ed diiu kiin phdt triin todn dien vdphdt huy hit mgi khd ndng " [1; tt.45].
Nhu vay, cd thi thiy ring tti tiidng nhan van la mgt bg phan hop thanh, xuyen sudt hr tiidng Hd Chi Minh, phan anh tinh ydu thuang, quy ttpng, quan tam tdi con ngudi; niem tin vung chic vao ban chit tdt dep ciia con ngudi, diu ttanh vi hanh phuc cua con ngudi;
hnh thin khoan dung. NhGng npi dung nay dugc bilu hien cu the nhu sau:
TAP CHi KHQA HQC TRU^CKNG BAI HQC HONG PlVC - SO 47.2019
2.1.1. Yeu thuang, quy trgng. quan tdm din con ngu&i
Ke thfta truyen thdng nhan nghTa cua dSn tpc, kit hop truyin thdng nhan nghTa vol chu nghTa nhan dao cdng san, tilp thu tinh thin nhan van cua nhan loai qua nhieu the ky, qua hoat ddng thuc tien, Hd Chi Minh da xac djnh dnh ydu thuang con ngudi la pham chat dao due cao dep nhat. Ngudi ndi, ngudi each mang la ngudi giau tinh cam, cd tinh cam mdi di lam each mang. Vi yeu thucmg nhan dan, yeu thuang con ngudi ma chap nhan mgi gian khd hy sinh de dem lai ddc lap, tu do, cam no ao am va hanh phuc cho con ngudi.
Neu khong cd tinh yeu thucmg thi khdng the ndi den each mang, cang kbdng the ndi den cdng san va chu nghta cpng san. Ngu'di viet: "Hieu chu ngbTa Mac - Lenin la phai sdng vdi nhau cd tinh cd ngbia. Neu tbudc bao nbieu sach ma sdng khdng ed tinh cd ngbTa thi sao gpi la hieu cbii nghia Mac - Lenin dupe" [6; tr.688]. Ldng thuang yeu con ngudi cua Bac rat rgng lan. bao hdm mgi ngu&i. mgi ldng lop vd din mdi con ngudi. Bac da the hien sy cam thdng va quan tam sau sac ddi vdi toan the ddng bao va chien sT ca nudc, thanh nien xung phong, vdi doan vien va thanb nien, ndng dan, cac cu phu lao, phu nu va nhi ddng, vdi nhiing nan nhan eua che dp cu... Vdi timg ddi tugng, Bac deu chi ra nhung cdng viec cu the can pbai lam de dap iing nhiing nguyen vpng, nhu can thiet than cua bp. Tinh thuang yeu con ngudi cua Bae khdng chi the bien vdi toan dan, toan Dang ma cdn ddi vdi cae ddng cbi, anh em, bau ban, thanh nien va nhi ddng qudc te. Tinh yen thuang con ngudi la mgt tu tiJong sau dam trong tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh, la mpt trong nhirng phim chit cao dep nhat ciia ngudi cdng san. Tinh thuang yeu con ngudi ay cung la nen gdc de quy tu, doan ket bet thay mpi tang Idp, mgi lyc lugng, mpi con ngudi, tao nen sire manh vT dai dl giai phdng cbo dan tpc, cho mpi ngudi va cho mdi con ngudi.
2.1.2. Niem tin vimg chdc vdo bdn chdt tdt dep cita con ngu&i, ddu tranh vi hgnh phuc cua con nguai
Hd Chi Mmh cho rang, trong mdi eon ngudi Viet Nam ai cung cd it hay nhilu tim long yeu nudc tilm an ben ttong. Tim long yeu nudc dd cd khi bi bui bam che md, chi cin lam thiie tinh luong tti con ngudi thi Idng yen nudc dd lai bdc Id. Vdi Hd Cbi Minh, yeu dan, tin dan, dya vao dan, sdng diu tranh vi hanh phuc ciia nhan dan la nguyen tic tdi cao.
Nguyen tac nay vira la su tilp ndi quan niem truyin thdng cua dan tpc nu&c Idy ddn ldm gdc, cha thuyin la ddn md lgt thuyin ciing Id ddn, ddng tbdi la su quan triet sau sic nguyen ly mac xh: "each mang la sy nghiep cua quin chung" [7; tt.672] nhan dan la ngudi sang tao ra lich sir.
Vdi Idng nhan ai bao la. Ho Chi Minh ludn coi viec giai phdng con ngudi, dem Iai tiJ do, hanh phiic cho con ngudi ma trudc het la nhiing ngudi lao ddng la mue tieu ldn nhit ma sy nghiep each mang phai hudng den. Viec xac dinb con ngudi la muc deu cao nhit giup Hd Chl Minh cd dugc sy lya chgn diing din ve budng di cua each mang nhim giai phdng triet de con ngudi, va xay dung mdt xa bdi mdi dem lai cupc sdng i m no, hanh phiic cho con ngudi, do chinh la con dudng giuong cao nggn cd dgc lap dan tgc gin liln vdi chii nghTa xa hdi. Viec Hd Chi Minh khang djnh: "mudn ciiu nudc, giai phdng dan tpc khdng
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. TAP c m KHOA HQC TRU^dNG PAI HQC HONG BlTC - SO 47.2019
CO con dudng nao khac ngoai con dudng each mang vd san" [4; tt.603] cho tiiiy, Ngudi da nhin thiy dugc tinh triet d l cua eon dudng each mang vd san, bdi myc tieu ma con dudng nay hudng din la giai phdng sd ddng dan chung d trong xa hdi -nhung ngudi ngheo khd, khdi ach ap bftc bdc lot cua giai cip tu san, phong kiln, va quyin lyc ciia Nha nudc cung dugc hao vao tay so ddng nhan dan d trong xa bgi. Dilu nay phu hgp vdi mong mudn, muc dich cua Ngudi khi quyet dinb ra di tim dudng cuu nudc. Nhu vay, viec giai phdng triet de con nguai, dem lai cupc sdng am no, hanh phuc cbo con ngudi, ma trude hit la ngudi lao ddng la muc dich ldn nhit ma Hd Cbi Minh tbeo dudi, chmh muc dich nay la ydu td quan ttgng giup Hd Cbi Minh lua chpn budng di dung din cho each mang Viet Nam ttong hanh ttinb tim dudng cim nudc ciia minh. Giai phdng con ngudi d l dem Iai cupc sdng am no, tu do, hanh phiic la muc tieu cao nhat ciia toan bd su nghiep each mang nudc ta. Vdi tinh cam va ldng yeu tiiuong con ngudi vd ban. Ho Chi Minh da gin liln myc heu Clia sy nghiep each mang vdi su nghiep giai phdng con ngudi, dd la su nghiep nhan van cao ca phai do cbinb con ngudi thuc bien.
2.1.3. Tinh thdn khoan dungHd Chi Minh
Khoan dung Hd Chi Minh bat ngudn tu truyen thdng khoan dung eua dan tde ket hgp vdi hnh boa tbdi dai. Sy ke thua va kit hpp dd da Iam tham dupm them truyin thdng khoan dung cua con ngudi Viet Nam va nang truyen thdng dd Ien mdt tim cao mdi. Khoan dung, nhan ai Hd Chi Minh la mpt net dac sic trong tu tudng nhan van cua Ngudi, dong thdi cdn la mdt vii khi tinh than quan ttgng trong cong cude dau tranh vi muc tieu cao dep ciia su nghiep each mang.
Trong tae phim Dudng edeh minh (1927) muc "Tu each ngudi each mang", Hd Chi Minh chi ra ngudi each mang cin cd 23 thai do vdi ban than, vdi ngudi khac va vdi cdng viec; ttong "Thai do ddi vdi ngudi khac" thai dp diu tien Bac viet: "Vdi tiing ngudi thi khoan thii", ngay nay gpi la "khoan dung", theo nghia thdng thudng, la rdng lupng (cd khi ndi lupng tbu), kbdng chip nhat, bilt thdng cam, ddng cam, chia se, tit nhien khdng kboan nhugng, ban nfta pbai dau tranh vdi nhirng banh vi lech lac, sai trai. Hd Cbi Minh da dimg hinh anh "Sdng to, biln rdng" tbi "bao nhieu nudc cung chua dupc" cdn "cai ehen nhd, cai dia can" thi cbi "mdt chut nudc cung diy tran" [6; tr.l30]. "Nam ngdn tay cung cd ngdn ngin ngdn dai. Nhung ngin dai diu hpp nhau lai noi ban tay. Trong miy ttieu ngudi cung cd ngudi thi nay thi khac, nhung thi nay hay thi khac deu ddng ddi ciia td tien ta" deu cung ndi gidng Lac Hdng, ai cung cd it nhilu ldng yen nudc. Ngudi da thay dilm tiiang ddng trong sy khac biet gifta con ngudi vdi nbau dd chinh la Idng yeu nudc, dieu nay da giiip Ho Chi Minh cd thai dp khoan dung vdi con ngudi. Ldng khoan dung, nhan ai Hd Chi Minh ttd thanh bilu hipng cua ttuyin thdng hda binh, hda bilu, buu nghj va hop tae cua Viet Nam. Ngay nay. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam tren mdi budc dudng lanh dao each mang, ludn van dung va phat ttiln sang tao tu tudng i y cua Ngudi. Trong ITnh vyc ddi ndi. Dang lanh dao ddi mdi v l mgi linh vuc, khdng ngftng chii trgng nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, tinh thin cua nhan dan. Trong linh vuc ddi ngoai. Dang tbyc bien da phuang hda, da dang bda
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRU'CfNG BAI HQC H 6 N G nifC - S 6 47.2019
quan be ddi ngoai, khing dinh Viet Nam sin sang la ban, la ddi tac tm cay cua cac nudc ttong cpng ddng qudc te, phin diu vi hda binh, dpc lap va phat trien.
Nhiing ndi dung nay dupc the hien phong phii, diy du ttong hgc phan tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Hpc tap tu tiidng Hd Chi Minh gdp phin nang cao nang luc tu duy ly luan va phuong phap cdng tac; bdi duong, ciing cd kien tbiic cho smh vien trudng thanh ve lap trudng each mang, kien dinh ve ban ITnh cbinb tri, nhat quan myc tieu ddc lap dan tgc gan lien vdi chu ngbTa xa hdi; tich cue chu ddng dau ttanh phe phan nhftng quan diem sai ttai, bao ve chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh, ehu truang, dudng ldi, chinh sach diing dan cua Dang, phap luat cua Nha nuac; biet van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vao giai quyet nhftng van de thuc tidn ttong eudc sdng; gdp phan boan thien nhan each cho sinh vien, giiip sinh vien xay dyng cho minh ldi sdng dep, ed chi tien thii, trpng tinh nghta, kboan dung, nhSn ai, giau ldng vi tha va thuong yen con ngudi.
2.2. Thurc trang viec giao due tir tirfrng nhan van cho sinh viSn Trirdng Dai hpc Hdng Dfrc qua hgc phan Tir tirong Ho Chi Minh hifn nay
Trong qua trinh thyc hien d l tai khoa hpc cap co sd "Giai phap nang cao hieu qua giao due tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien Trucmg Dai hpc Hdng Diic hien nay" cbiing tdi da tham khao y kien cua mdt sd nha quan Iy giao due va thiet lap be thdng cau hdi khao sat 500 sinh vien dang hgc tap tai cac khoa, nganh dao tao ttong nha trudng.
Qua trinh dieu tta, thdng ke va xii ly sd lieu la co sd thyc tien quan trgng lam minh cbiing de tac gia danh gia thuc ttang cdng tac giao due tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien, ttong dd cd viec giao due tu tudng nhan van qua bgc phan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh d Trudng Dai hgc Hdng Dire hien nay. Ddng thdi, danh gia nhan thftc va hanh ddng mang ti'nh nhan van cua sinh vien Tnrdng Dai bpc Hdng Diic ttong thuc hen cude sdng. Nhung ndi dung dd dupc bieu hidn cu the nbu sau:
2.2.1. Thuc trgng nhgn thuc cita sinh viin vi tu tu&ng nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh Quan triet quan diem cua Dang ve cdng tac giao due dao due, ldi sdng cho thanh nien. Dang uy. Ban giam hieu Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Dftc ludn dac bidt quan tam tdi giao due chinh tri, tu tudng ldi sdng cbo sinh vien. Triln khai rdng rai tdi toan thi can bp - vien chftc - lao ddng, giang vien, hpc sinh - sinh vien ttong toan trudng nghiem tiic thuc hien Chi thi 05-CT/TW cua Bd Cbinb tti ve "Ddy mgnh viee hgc tap vd ldm theo tu ludng, dgo due, phong edeh Hd CM Minh", vdi trgng tam la hgc tap va lam theo phong each, tac phong Hd Chi Minh ve: din chu, neu gucmg, quin ehung, khoa hgc, ndi di ddi vdi lam.
Vdi nhirng bien phap ey the, cdng tac giao due dao due Idi sdng cbo sinh vien nha trudng da dat dupc ket qua dang ghi nhan. Nhin ehung, sinh vien Tnidng Dai hpc Hdng Dftc cd ldi sdng ttpng ngbia tinb, thuong yen con ngudi, cd le sdng dung dan, sdng cd muc dich, cd ly tudng. Tran ttgng tinh cam ban be, anb em, biet phe phan cai xiu, cai ae va d i u tranh de bao ve le phai, bao ve ban be, tranh xa nhimg cam dd xau cua xa hdi. Dilu dd thi hien qua sd lieu dieu tra, cd tdi 66,8% y kien cho rang ldi sdng trgng nghta tinh la Ioi sdng dang tdn tai phd bien ttong sinh vien Trudng Dai hgc Hdng Due. Vdi can bdi: iheo ban tinh nhan 118
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRlfpNG BAI HQC HONG BlTC - S 6 47.2019
van la nhOng bi8u hien nao dirdi day: 26,2% chon thucmg yeu, quy trpng con nguoi; 15% chpn diu tranh vi hanh phtic ctia con ngucri; 4,8% chpn khoan dung, dp lupng voi moi nguoi; 54%
chpn tat ca cac y ki6n tren. Sinh vien da bay to quan dilm va trach nhiem cua minh d6i voi nhihig nguOT xung quanh, vcri moi trucmg va s6ng co trach nhiem voi chinh ban than minh Hay khi hoi: quan diem ciia ban khi chung kien nhiing hanh dpng trai luan thuiimg dao ly cua con nguoi trong cupc s6ng: 57,4% lira chpn phe phan; 11,2% lua chpn diu tranh; hay khi dupc hoi: nSu thay ban be, nguai than co hanh vi vi pham ky luat, phap luat ban se lam gi? 49% lira chpn phe phan; 2 3 % lira chpn giup do, khic phuc sai lam; Nhu vay, ph§n Ion sinh vien da c6 nhung nhan thiic rat dung dan wh le s6ng, cac em da thing thin the hien quan diem phe phan, chi trich nhimg hanh dpng xiu trong cupc s6ng. Do la mot le s6ng dep ma chiing ta can phat huy trong sinh vien hien nay.
Quan tam toi mpi nguai, s6ng co trach nhiem vai ban than, gia dinh va xa hoi, sinh vien da the hien bang nhiing hanh dSng cu the. Tham gia tich cue vao cac hoat dpng doan dpi do nha trudng to chiic voi muc dich dong gop mot phan cong siic vao viec nang cap doi song cho nhan dan. D6ng hanh ciing nhan dan cac viing kho khan trong tinh dau tranh ch6ng lai cai ngheo nan, lac hau, that hpc bang viec dang ky tham gia cac chucmg tinh nguyen "Chung siic cung cpng dpng". Theo bap cao tong ket cong tac Doan va phong trao thanh nien trudng dai hpc Hdng Diic nam hpc 2019 - 2020, 450 doan vien thanh nien da tham gia tich cue chien djch "Thanh niSn tinh nguyen" he 2019 do Doan trudng phat dpng voi nhieu hoat dpng cd y nghia xa hpi cap, cac doan tinh nguyen da hoan thanh xuat sac nhiem vu, xiing dang la dpi quSn xung kich tieu bieu ciia phong trao "Thanh nien tinh nguyen" trong toan tinh. Vdi cac npi dung hoat dpng: Lam mdi (theo chuan 3) hon 1500 m dudng he tong vdi chiiu ngang tir 2m - 2,5m, chiSu day 10cm 15cm, dong gdp 80.000.000 ddng tiSn nguyen vat li^u, vdi tdng s6 ngay cdng tam tinh 3.200 cong, tham gia sira chira hon 3 km dudng lien thdn ban. Tang qua cho gia dinh chinh sach, hpc sinh ngheo vupt kho hi gia 30.000.000 ddng. Tham gia dpn dep ve sinh mdi trudng tai Nghia trang liet sy Ddng Tam, huyen Ba Thudc. Td chiic sinh hoat he cho cac chau thilu nien, nhi ddng, tham gia sinh hoat chi doan thdn ban va cac budi giao luu van hda, van nghe, thi thao, sinh hoat chi doan vdi doan sd tai.
Tir xua, dng ba ta ludn sdng am ap ffong nghTa tinh keo son mdi khi "tdi lua tat den CO nhau". Cd tinh yeu thuong con ngudi, sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Diic mdi vuat qua bao khd khan, quyen gdp mi tdm, quin ao... ttao tang tan tay ddng bao lii lut d huyen Thach Thanh, Mudng Lat trade tran lu lich sir nam 2019. Tinh yeu thuong chinh la soi day vo hinh kit ndi hang trieu trai tim lai vdi nhau, gidp hang chuc nghui sinh vien Tradng Dai hpc Hdng Diic luon la mdt tap thi doan kit, tucmg than, tuong ai, "Trao yeu thuang de nhan lai yeu thuong", mdt nghia cir cao quy vl long nhan ai chiing ta mong mudn duac nhm thay ttong xa hdi hien nay.
Tuy nhien, ben canh sd ddng sinh vien cd y thiic dao diic tdt, ldi sdng teong sach, gian dj, bao dung, sdng cd trach nhiem va quan tam tdi nhihig ngudi xung quanh thi mpt bp phan khdng nhd sinh vien Tradng Bai hpc Hdng Diic cd bilu hipn cua ldi sdng vd cam,
T 4 P Cffl KHOA HOC TRlTCfNG B ^ J HQC H 6 N G BL^C - SO 47.2019
nhan van da xay ra ttong thyc te cuge sdng cua sinh vidn. M^t bd phan sinh vien chi biet lo nght cho quyen loi ban than, sdng icb ki, thuc dung, trai voi truyen thdng dao ly ciia dan tde dang hi phe phan. Kbi duge bdi: Khi thiy nguai gap hoan nan, ban se hanh dgng nhu the nao? 38,8% pbai xem la ai mdi giiip do; 28,4% canh giac keo lam on, mac oan; 10,4%
td thai do khdng quan tam. Tuy dSy chua phai la van de dang bao dgng trong each iing xir va thai do song cua sinh vien, song viec nghien ciiu nay tim ra cac giai phap phu hap vdi tinh hinh thuc te cua sinh vien nham tham sau tinh nhan van vao suy nghi va hanh ddng cua sinh vien la van de cd gia tri thuc tiln sau sac.
2.2.2. Thuc trgng viee gido due tu tuang nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh qua hge phdn Tu lu&ng Hd Chi Minh Men nay
Theo quan dilm cua tac gia, ttong chuang ttinh cac hgc phan ma sinh vien dupc hgc d ttirdng, hgc phin nao ciing cd till ldng ghep ndi dung giao due tij tiJong nhan van cho hpc sinh, smh vien. Vi du: mdn Toan, Ho Chi Mmh da tiing ndi vdi ngudi hgc toan, nhat la toan ttong kinh tl: Nhiing ngudi hpc toan, gidi toan khi tinh toan phai lam sao cbo nhanh, cbo chinh xac d l cac cdng trinh hoan thanh sdm, tiet kiem nhan luc va thdi gian. Nhu vay la tiet kiem dupc tiln ciia cho nhan dan. Mgt ngudi gidi toan ma muu ke de thut ket thi khdng tdt vdi dan, vdi nudc, la cd tdi vdi dan. Mon Ky thuat cdng trinh xay dyng can giao due cho smh vien cd tam vdi nghe nghidp minh da chgn, neu ky su xay dyng ma Iam khdng dung ky thuat, ket cau cdng trinh, thi edng kbdng dam bao an toan lao dgng dan den tai nan chet ngudi thi khdng mang tinh nhan van. Mgt sd mdn rit cd uu the ttong Idng ghep ndi dung giao dye tu tudng nhan van Ho Cbi Minh nhu mdn: Dao diic. Van hgc, Co sd van hoa Viet Nam, Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh... Trong dd hgc phin Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh giii vai ttd ndng cdt ttong viec giao due dao diic, Idi sdng van boa, tinb than nhan van cbo sinh vien theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Khi khao sat smh vien vdi cau hdi: Theo bgn viec gido due tinh thdn nhdn vdn cho sinh viin thdng qua mdn hgc Tu tu&ng Hd Chi Minh ed hiiu qud khdng? 63,2% sinh vien chpn phuang an rat bieu qua, 0% chgn phucmg an khdng hieu qua. 26,4% sinh vien chgn phuong an cbi la binh thiic. Hay cau hdi: Theo bgn viee gido due tu tuang nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien thdng qua bien phdp ndo sau day la hiiu qud nhdt? 21,1% chpn ket hpp giiia gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hgi; 18,2% chpn qua cdng tac tuyen truyen; 29,4% chgn bang sy tu giao due cua sinh vien; 31,2% cho rang giao dye tu tudng nhan van cho smh vien thdng qua hgc phan Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh la hieu qua nhit. Nhu vay, sinh vien da cd nhung nhan tbiic nhat dinb ve y ngbia cua viec hpc tap hgc phan Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh ddi vdi sy boan thien nhan each de ttd thanb con ngudi mdi xa bgi chu nghta vita hdng vira chuyen.
Vdi tu each la mgt bp mdn khoa hpc, hgc phan Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh cd ddi tugng, nhiem vu va phuong phap ngbien ciiu rieng. Trong do, ddi tupng nghien ciiu ciia mdn hpc Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh bao gdm be thdng cac quan diem, quan niem, ly luan cua Hd Chl Minh ve each mang Viet Nam, ma cdt loi la tu tudng ve dgc lap dan tpc gan liln vdi chu nghta xa hdi. Vdi ndi dung chucmg tiinh gdm 7 chuong bao gdm cac vin dl: Chuang I: Ca sd binh thanb va phat trien tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh; Chuang II: Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl each mang giai phdng dan tpc; Chuang HI: Tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh ve Cbii nghta xa hgi va
TAP c m KHOA HOC TRgONG BAI HOC HONG BlfC - SO 47.2019
con dudng qua dp len CNXH d Viet Nam; Chuong IV: Tu tadng Hd Chi Minh v l Dang cpng san Viet Nam; Chuang V: Tu tadng Hd Chi Mmh v l Dai doan kit dan tpc; Chuang VI: Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl Nha nudc; Chuang VII: Tu tadng Hd Chi Mmh v l van hoa, dao diic, con ngudi. Trong qua ttinh bien soan dl cuong chi tilt hpc phin, bd mdn Tu tadng Hd Chi Minh Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Diic da xac dinh muc tieu kiln thdc cin cung cip cho sinh vien d timg chuong, timg bai. Giang vien khi Ien Idp da ldng ghep ndi dung giao due ta tadng, dao diic, phong each Hd Chi Mmh cho sinh vien ttong tang bai giang. Tu tadng nhan van H6 Chi Minh dupc bilu hien ndi bat nhit ttong ndi dung chuong II vl vin d l each mang giai phdng dan tpc; chuong IE v l chu nghia xa hdi; chuong VI vl van hoa, dao diic, xay dung con ngudi... Khi giang day ndi dung nay, giang vien da neu bat duoc su lua chpn diing din con dudng each mang v8 san cua Hd Chi Minh, c6t ldi la ddc lap dan tpc gin liln vdi chu nghia xa hdi, giai phdng dan tpc, giai phdng giai cap va giai phdng con ngudi. Dd la ta tadng mang tinh than nhan van cao ca nhat cua Hd Chi Minh. Noi dung ta tadng Hd Chi Minh vl nhirng chuan muc dao diic each mang, giang vien da phan tich, neu len quan dilm Hd Chi Minh ve chuan muc thuong yeu con ngudi, sdng cd tinh nghia - mpt bilu hien cao dep cua ta tadng nhan viin Hd Chi Minh. Qua dd, long ghep vao bai giang nhihig doan video, can chuyen cam ddng ve tam ldng thuong y6u nhan dan vo han cua Hd Chi Minh. Ddng thdi, giang vien cdn hudng dan sinh vien nSu cam nhan va lien he ban than vdi chuan muc dao diic cac mang theo ta tadng Ho Chi Mmh ttong gid thao luan nhom. Hoat ddng giang day hpc phau Tu tadng Hd Chi Minh ket hpp vdi ldng ghep ndi dung giao due ta tadng nhan van Hd Chi Minh da gop phan hinh thanh d sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Hong Diic loi sdng dep, cd van hoa, ttpng nghia tinh, biet quan tam va se chia vdi nhau ttong cupc sdng.
Tuy nhien, tac gia nhan thiy, dudng nhu trong mpt sd thdi diem, viec thuc hanh ldi sdng nhan van cho hpc sinh, sinh vien tai Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Due chua dupc de cao.
Viec ldng ghep npi dung giao due ta tadng nhan van cho sinh vien thdng qua cac hpc phan chua duac thuc hien thudng xuyen. Hien nay, theo chuang trinh khung cua Bd giao due va Sao tao, hpc phin Tu tadng H6 Chi Minh gianh cho sinh vien khdi dai hpc, cao ding he khdng chuyen mdi chi cd thdi lupng 02 tin chi. Khdng cd hoat dpng ngoai khoa cho sinh vien nhu: tham quan bao tang, cac hoat dpng ttai nghiem thuc tl. Trcng qua trinh giang day, giang vien bd mdn ta tadng Hd Chi Minh da van dung d l ldng ghep ndi dung giao due ta tadng nhSn van Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien vao npi dung bai hpc. Song, do kien thiic cin tiiiyln tai cho sinh vien rit nhilu ttong khi sd tilt gianh cho mdn hpc lai it. Vi vay, viec giao due ta tadng nhan van thdng qua hpc phin Tu tadng Hd Chi Minh vin chua dat hieu qua cao so vdi muc tieu de ra.
2.3. Mot so bien phap nang cao hi$u qua viec giao due tu- tudng nhan van cho sinh ViSn Tru*ng Dai hgc Hdng Dire hifn nay thong qua hpc phin Tu tirdng Ho Chi Minh
2.3.]. Tdng eudng su chi dgo cua Nhd trudng, suphdi hgp giUa edc ban ngdnh chirc ndng Irong viec gidg due tu lu&ng nhdn vdn cho sinh vien
Dl nang cao hieu qua giao due dao diic, ldi sdng, tinh thin nhan van cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Hdng Ditc cin cd sir phdi hgp chat che cua cac khoa, nganh dao tao
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTCfNG BAI HQC HONG BTYC - SO 47.2019
trong trudng, tuyet nhidn do khdng chi la nhiem vu ciia rieng bd mdn tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Nen chang nha trudng can bd sung tbem vao chucmg trinh giang day bgc phan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh phan tbam quan, bgc tap thyc t l cbo sinh vien nhu: tbam quan bao tang dan tgc tinh, dai tudng niem Chu tich Hd Chi Minh tai thanh phd Thanb Hoa, xem phim tu lieu ve Hd Chi Minh tai thu vien Nha trudng. Cac td chiic chinh tri trong nha trudng, Hdi sinh vien, Doan thanh nien, phdng Cdng tac Hgc sinh Sinh vien, bp mon Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh can cd su phdi bgp chat cbe ban nira trong viec td cbiic cac Ioai binh cau lac bd, cac chuang trinh tinh nguyen nhan dao, tir thien, cac cude tbi tim hieu ve cuge ddi, sy nghiep ciia Hd Chi Minh, trong do, bd mdn tu tudng Hd Chi Minh se la don vi chu tri ve ndi dung. Thdng qua cae boat ddng dd, giup sinh vien cd nhiing nhan thirc sau sac ban ve cude ddi, sy nghiep, tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh va van dyng tdt han vao thuc te cupc sdng.
Hien nay, trong chuong trinh dao tao, mgt sd trudng dai bpc da dua ndi dung giao dye tu tudng nhan van vao chuong trinh bat bude doi vdi sinh vien. Tnidng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi II da dua vao chuong ttinb hpc cua sinh vien khoa Ly luan Cbinb trj hgc phan Tu tudng nhan van Hd Chl Minh. Tbeo danh gia eua eac chuyen gia giao due, hgc phan Tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh cd y nghta rat Idn ttong giao dye dao diic, ldi sdng nhan van, vi tha, vi mgi ngudi, thuong yen eon ngudi eho sinh vien. Theo quan diem cha ca nhan tac gia, nen chang, ben canh mdn My hpc, Dao diic, can xay dyng hpc phan Tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh d trudng dai hpc va ngi dung hgc phan nay phai dugc thiet ke cy the theo tiing chuyen nganh dao tao, bam sat vao chuan dau ra cua sinh vien. Cd nhu the, sinh vien sau khi ra trudmg khdng chi cd ky nang nghe nghiep tdt ma cdn cd du cac pham chat dao diic de tdn tai va thanh cdng vdi nghe, de tbyc sy la nhung cdng dan nhanh nhay, thich iing vdi mgt the gidi md thdi toan cau hda.
2.3.2. Ddi mai phuang phdp gidng dgy hgc phdn Tu tu&ng Hd CM Minh theo hudng phdt huy linh lich cue, chit ddng cita ngudi hge
Mdi phuong phap deu cd vai trd nhat dinh trong qua trinh day va hgc, kbdng mdt phucmg phap van nang nao cho tat ca cac mdn hpc. Do dd, ket hpp nhieu phuong phap day hgc la each ddi mdi tdt nhat. Ddi vdi hpe phin Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, thuyit trinh la phucmg pbap khdng the thieu. Day la phuong phap ed rat nbieu uu diem va dem lai hieu qua cao neu dupc ket hpp nhuan nhuyen vdi cac phuang phap khac. Theo do, giang vien khong chi thuyet giang mgt chieu ma can khai day hnh tich cyc chu ddng cua hgc vien bang each ket hgp vdi phuong phap tu duy, lam viec nhdm, tryc quan, bdi dap. Vi du: Khi giang ndi dung chuong Vll: Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve van boa, dao dire, eon ngudi. Trong phan lien he ban than vdi cac chuan myc dao diic each mang theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh d 02 tiet thao luan nhdm. Giang vien ed the dua ra cau hdi hnh budng, hay mgt sd cau trac nghiem eho sinh vien lien quan tdi ndi dung. Sinh vien hieu va van dung nhu the nao sau kbi hgc tap chuan myc dao dire thuang yen con ngudi theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Hoac cd the cho sinh vien ddng heu pham ve chii de bpc tap va lam theo dao dire Hd Chi Minh ve thuang yeu nhan dan, khoan dung, dau tranh vi hanh pbiic con ngudi... Giang vien bang nhieu each cd the khuyen khich sinh vien pbai suy nght, tim 122
TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRlTCTNG B ^ I HQC H 6 N G BlTC - SO 47.2019
tdi, chia se nhiing suy nght cua minh v l ndi dung bai giang. Khi sinh vien ndi Ien dugc suy nght cua minh ddi vdi ndi dung bai hpc, nghta la giang vien da thanh cdng trong viec kich thich tinh tich cyc hpe tap cua sinh vien.
2.3.3. Vai trd neu guang cita nguai Thdy trong gido due tu luang nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh cho sinh viin
Giang vien cac hgc phin ly luan chinh tii ndi chung, Tu tuang Hd Cbi Minh ndi rieng ngoai nhiem vu truyen tri thirc cho hpc vien cdn phai thyc hien vai ttd tuyen giao va nhiem vu giao due ly luan ma Dang, Nha nudc giao phd. Nhiem vu nay chi cd thi dupc thyc hien tdt nhat khi ban than giang vien la tam guong sang ve ban luih chinh tri, muc tieu, ly tudng, pham chat dao dire, tu each, loi sdng. Day la yen cau bat budc, va ciing the hien sy khac biet cua giang vien giang day cac hgc phan ly luan chinh tti so vdi giang vien d cac Itnh vyc khac.
Trinh dd chuyen mon, ky nang, phuang phap giang day, phim chit chinh tri, dao diic chinh la nhiing yen td quan ttgng quyet dinh chat lupng giang day hgc phan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh.
Tat ca nhimg yeu td tten phai dugc giang vien thudng xuyen vun dap, bdi dudng. Trong qua trinh giao dye tinh than nhan van cho sinh vien, ngudi giang vien giang day tu tudng Hd Chi Minh phai thyc su la tam guong sang ve tinh than nhan van, ldi sdng nhan van de hgc sinh noi tiieo. Tinh nhan van cua ngudi thay dupc bieu hien trong each iing xir cua thay cd ddi vdi sinh vien. Chan tinh, cdi md, tan tinh giiip dd sinh vien ttong hpc tap. Khoan dung vdi nbung sai lam, khuyet didm cua sinh vien. Di dau, neu gucmg trong cac boat dgng tmh nguyen, nhan dao tir thien de tii dd ehuyen boa nhiing Iy luan ttong bai giang thanb nhiing hanh ddng thuc tl ma thiy cd thi hien ttong cuoc sdng. Chii tich Ho Chi Minh tiing ndi: "Mdt tim gu'ong sdng cdn cd gia tri hon 100 bai diln van tuyen truyin" [2; tt.248]. Do do, tam guong nha giao cd tac dyng giao due bgc smh rit ldn. Thiy tdt thi anh hudng tot, thay xau tbi anb budng xau;
mgt tim guong sang cua ngudi tiiiy se cd ca mdt thi he noi theo, ngupc Iai mdt hanh vi xau cua ngudi thiy c6 thi lam tin thuang, lam mit mim tm ca mpt lap ngudi. Vi le do, giang vien cin phai thudng xuyen trau ddi khdng chi trinh do chuyen mdn ma edn ca ve dao diic, ldi sdng, phong each, tac phong va cai tam trong sang, ldi sdng vi tha, giau ldng nhan ai, bao dung de viec giao dye tu tudng nhan van mang lai ket qua toan dien.
3. KET LUAN
Trong qua trinb giao dye tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vien cin kit hpp nhilu giai phap khac nhau d l dat hieu qua cao nhu: Kit hap giao dye trong gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hdi, qua trinh ty giao due cua sinh vien, giao due thdng qua chuang trinh cac mdn hgc... Tuy nhien, du cd nhilu giai phap giao due tdi dau, nhung giang day va hpe tap tren Idp vl tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh thdng qua hpc phan Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vin ddng vai ttd chu ylu. Tich cyc ddi mdi phucmg phap giang day, neu cao vai trd neu guang vl tinh thin nhan van ciia ngudi thiy se gdp phin quan ttpng ttong viec nang cao hieu qua giao dye tu tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh cho sinh vidn. Thyc hien tdt mdt sd giai phap giao due tu tudng nhan van cho sinh vien trong bdi canh toan ciu boa la gdp phan cung Dang va Nha nudc xay dung lop tiianh nien vira hdng viia chuyen dap img yeu cau cua thdi ky cong nghiep boa va bien dai boa dat nudc.
TAP Cffl KHOA HOC TRlTCfNG BAI HQC HONG BlfC - 5 6 4 7 ^ 0 1 ?
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Luang Gia Ban, Hoang Anh (2014), Chu nghta nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh vdi viee xdy dung nhdn edeh sinh vien Viet Nam Men nay. Nxb. Chinh tii Qudc gia - Su that. Ha Ndi.
[2] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 2, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[3] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 4, Nxb. Chinh tii Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[4] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tdp, tap 6, Nxb. Chinh tii Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[5] Hd Cbi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 12, Nxb. Chinh ti-i Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[6] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 15, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Ndi.
[7] Hgc vien Chmh tii - Hanh chinb Qudc gia Hd Cbi Minh (2010), Di san Hd Chi Minh trong th&i dai ngdy nay, Nxb. Chinh tri - Hanh chinh. Ha Ndi.
EDUCATING HO CHI MINH'S HUMANISM FOR STUDENTS OF HONG DUC UNIVERSITY THROUGH ''HO CHI MINH'S
IDEOLOGY" SUBJECT
Nguyen Thi Tam ABSTRACT
On the basis of invesigadng and surveying the reality of humanistic education for Hong Due university students and the humanistic perception and actions of students in life.
The author proposes a number of solutions to improve the effectiveness of Ho Chi Minh's humanistic education for current Hong Due university students such as: comeeting between family, school and society, promoting the role of self education, integrating the contents of different subjects etc. In this article, the author only focuses on discussing the solution of Ho Chi Minh's humanistic education for students through Ho Chi Minh's ideology course al Hong Due university today.
Keywords: Education, Humanism, Ho Chi Minh, students.
* Ngdy nop bdi: 6/12/2019; Ngdy gin phdn Men: 6/12/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng- 30/12/2019
* Bdi bdo ndy Id kit qud nghien cihi tit di tdi cdp ca s& ma sd DT-2018-37 eiia Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Hdng Due.
