Tgp chi T§m ly hoc xa hdi so 3, 3 - 2015 85
QUAN D l t M CCiA CHCI NGHTA M A C - L E N I N V A TU" TLT&NG HO CHi MINH v e C 5 N G T A C N H A N TAI
Nguyen Thi Tdm Hgc vifln Khoa hoc xa hdi
TOM TAT
Nhdn tdi tic qudn chung nhdn ddn md ra, do nhdn ddn sdn sinh ra dong thai sic dung vd phdt huy vai tro cda ho. Thai dgi tgo rg nhdn tdi, chi dp xd hdi sic dgng vd phdt huy tdi ndng cua hp, nhdn tdi ndy sinh trpng thifc tiin cdch mgng. Viec diing nhdn tdi cp y nghig quyet dinh thdnh bgi cug cdch mgng:
spng viic dy chi cd thi thdnh Men thuc neu nhd ldnh dgo biet tin tu&ng vd phdt huy tdi ndng cdg hp... Dd chinh Id quan diim cua chu nghia Mdc-Lenin vd tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh ve cdng tdc nhdn tdi Quan diim tren cd y nghia rdt to l&n trong cdng aide xdy dung vd doi m&i phdt triin Men nay & nu&c ta: cd y nghia rdt quan trpng trong Hnh hinh Bgi hpi Bdng ndm 2016 sdp t&i.
Tft khda: Phdt Men: Bdnh gid: Su dung: Trpng dung nhdn tdi Ngay nhan bai: 12/2014; Ngay duyet dang bai: 25/2/2015
Trong cic giai doan lich sft, xa hgi muon phit triln phli cd mdt dgi ngft nhftng ngudi cd tli nang v l due do lam rudmg cgt. Dd 11 nhiing nhln tai cfla dit nudc. Ly luin hinh thinh quan diflm ciia Ding ta vfl nhln tli, vfl bfli dudng v l sfl dvmg nhln tii hifln nay chu yflu diia vio nhiing quan diflm cua chu ngbia Mic-Lflnin v l tu tiromg Hd Chi Minh vfl cdng tie nhan tli. DS Ilm tflt cdng tic nhan tli, theo chfl nghia MIc-Lflnin, chting ta cln t|p trung miy quan diem sau:
Thic nhdt, quin chiing nhin din l i noi sin sinh vfl tan ra cic nhln tli ldm nhit. Bdi vi, noi day tilm In mdt ngufln nhln Ivic, nhln tii phong phft, do 11
"kho bau" nhln tli ldm nhit. Lflnin da nhiflu lin phit bilu trudc quan chung
86 Tgp chi Tam ly hgc xa hgi s6 3, 3 - 2 0 1 5
nhln din, bai phit bilu chi rd: "Dfli vdi cic lanh tvi cich tiling mic-xit, nhln tai myet nhien khflng chi 11 sfl it nhflng nhln vat thien tli, nhln v | t vi dai, m l d c nhan tii chuyfln mfln va cflng nhln, nong din tifln tiln dflu 11 nhln tii".
Thti hai, chfl do xa hgi quylt dmh sfl phan cfla nhln tai. Vi ngufln Ivic nhflng nguM cd tli ttong quin ehftng 11 vfl tan. Song d ttong mfli xa hgi khic nhau thi ed SVI Inh huomg khic nhau dfln svi phit triln cua nhin tii. Nflu ttong xa hfli cd ip bfle, bdc lot thi svi Ip bflc iy tit nhifln se bdp nghet, kim ham v l Ilm mai mpt nhln tai ttong cflng nhin v i nhan din lao dpng, tai nang cfla hp se bi buy hoai di vi SVI ngheo tflng v l bj chl dap vl nhan cich. Trii lai, ttong chfl nghia xa hdi, chfl dp uu viSt se tao ra nhiing dilu kien thuan lgi cho nhln tii thi hien bin lihh cua minh, xa hgi se phit bien ra ngudi cd tli ning, chim bfli v i phit trifln hg mgt cich tflt nhit. d Lifln Xfl ttong nhftng nam 30 ngudi ta da lim cho hing ngin nfi cong nhln ttd thinh nhln tli cd td chit van hda, cd trinh do ky thu|t hing diu dupc Lflnin phan khoi nhan xet: ba nim trudc chftng ta khdng cd hay gin nhu khflng cd nhirng nhan tai nhu v|y. Dd la nhung nhln tai mdi, d|c biflt.
Thli ba, thdi thfl da t^o ra hing lojt nhln tli kiet xuit cua giai cip minh.
Vio nim 1850, Mic da chi rd: mfli xa hpi, moi thdi dai deu cln cd nhiing vi nhan cfla minh. Do v|y, chfl nghla Mic-Lflnin cho rang:
- Nhln tli kiet xult nio cting deu 11 sin pham efla nhirng quan he xa hfli nhat dinh, la sin phim cua nhiing dieu kifln lich sfl - xa hfli nhit dinh. Din lugt minh, Mic v l Anghen ciing thua nhln hp 11 sin phim cua lich sfl xa hpi tap ra, diflu l y chflng td ring cic nhan v | t tli ning se v l ttd thinh Ivic lugng xi hdi, 11 sin phim cfla nhiing quan he xa hpi cu thfl.
- Cuflc cich mang cfla quin chftng nhln din da tao ra nhiing nhln tai vi dai.
Dung nhu Lflnm d i nhln dinh: Trong lich sfl, bat ky giai cip nio, nlu khflng tjo ra dupc nhirng lanh tvi chinb tri v l dai bilu tifln phong bilt tfl chflc vl lanh dao phong tiio cua mmh thi khong thi giinh dugc dia vi thing tri. Ro ring ttong dau tranh, ttong cich mang II mfli trudng cd khi nang nhit dl tao ra nhln tai.
- Bit efl nhln tli nio cilng mang die tnmg cfla mdt thdi ky cieh mang v i cd tinh ban chfl lich sfl.
Thli tu, nhan tli niy sinh ttong thvic tifln cich mang cua quan chiing nhln din, 11 chfl thS ciia thvrc tifln. NghTa 11 thvrc tifln sinh ra nhln tai, nufli dudng nhln tli v l quan he gifla nhln tli v l thvrc tifln 11 quan dilm ca bin cfla chft nghia Mic-Lflnin.
TTiic ndm, lvra chgn tflt nhln tli la then chflt cua svt thinh bai ttong eflng cuflc cich mang v l xiy dvmg xa hfli chft ngbia. Nim 1922, Lflnin da khing
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dinh viflc then chflt 11 quan tim dfln nhln to con nguoi, phit hipn v i lvra chgn tflt nhln tli. Theo Lflnin, lvra chgn nhln tli l i then chflt cfta toin bg ciic dien chinh tri, nd phli ttd thanh nhiflm vvi quan ttgng hang diu cfla Ding.
Trfln diy l i tu tuomg cfta chfl nghia Mic-Lflnin vl nhln tli, tu tuomg niy hinh tbinh v l phit triln gin lifln vdi svi nghiflp giii phdng cfla giai cip vfl sin, nd cung cip ca sd ly Iu|n quy gii cho vipc nghifln cflu, pbit huy nhln tfl con ngudi d nudc ta hiSn nay.
Viec dio tao, bdi duong, phit huy nhln tii theo quan dilm cua Ding ta v l Hfl Chi Mmh can chfl y mpt sfl vin dfl sau:
Thli nhdt, phli thvic hien tflt viec dinh gii d n bp. Hoat dgng niy phli dugc tifln hlnh thudng xuyfln vi "mfli Ian xem xet lai nhan tii, mflt mat thi tim thiy nhftng nhan tii mdi, mpt mat khic thi nhiing ngudi hfl hoi cung ldi ra"(l).
Ding ta ciing khang dinh viec danh gii cin bp l i khiu quan ttpng nhit ttong cflng tic cln bp. Trong dlnh gii ein bfl, liy hiflu qui cflng viee l i thudc do chfl yflu. Day l i can cfl de thvrc hien cic npi dung khic cua cflng tic cin bp nhu bfl nhiflm, dio tao, bfli dudng, luin chuyfln cin bd. Thflng qua dinh gii cln bd. Ding ta tim dugc nhiing ngudi tii vi bfl tri hg vio nhftng vi tri cdng tic xflng ding d l phit huy dugc ning Ivic, sd tnromg cua hg, ddng thdi phit hifln nhftng ke "hfl hoi", nhiing ngudi thoii hoi biln chit, nhit 11 nhfing ke ca hgi v l chinh tri dfl loai bd ra khdi bg miy cfla Ding v l Nhi nudc.
Hgc tap tu tuomg Hd Chi Minh, trude hflt phii thvrc hign tflt eong tic dlnh gii can bg, mdt khiu quan ttgng ttong cflng tic cin bfl cfla Ding v l quan ttgng hem phli phit hien ra nhirng ngudi tai ttong xa hgi, "kheo dflng" hg vio d c cdng viec cd ich, "khflng nfln can cft vio nhirng diflu kifln qui kbit khe", tao mfli trudng cflng tic thu|n lgi dfl hg phit huy het khi nang cua minh, ddng gdp nhilu nhit cho svr phit triln cfla dit nudc, de scim dua nude ta ra khfli tinh ttang ngheo, ch|m phit triln.
Thli hai, phii kien quyflt chflng benh hep hdi, chia re, be phii ttong eflng tic cln bfl. Mdt ttong nhiing nguyfln nhln khflng sfl dvmg dugc ngudi tii 11 "benh hep hdi". Nd II mgt ke dich ding sg cflng vdi cic cin benh khic nhu chfl quan, ich ky, cue bd dia phuomg, be phli v i chia re... phi hoai Ding tfl ttong phi ra. Chfl tich Hfl Chi Mmh cho ring: "Vi benh hep hoi ml khong biflt dflng nhan tii, viflc gi cung 6m lay hit. 6 m lay hflt thi cd nhifln lim khflng n6i"(2).
Cdn benh be phii v i chia re cung rit tie hai cho Ding: "Nd lim hai dfln svr tbdng nhit. Nd lim Ding bdt mit nhln tii va khflng thvic hlnh dugc diy dft
88 Tgp chi T§m 1)/ hgc xa hgi s6 3, 3 - 2015
chinh sach cfla minh. Nd Ilm mit svi thin ai, doln kflt gifia dflng chi. Nd giy ra nhflng mdi nghi ngd"(3). Mudn sfl dvmg dugc nhln tai thi phii ra sflc chflng cac bflnh dd v i phli ehfla khdi nhiing benh dd.
Vi benh hep hdi m l can bg kbong mufln ngudi khic hem minh, khdng mudn sft dvmg nhiing ngudi tii hon minh m l tim cich "dim" ngudi ta xuflng. Diflu do rit cd hai cho svr nghiep d c h mang cfla Ding, cfla din tgc. 6 nhiing noi cd lanh dao mic benh hep hdi, nguoi tli thiy minh khdng cd "dit dvmg vd"; hg nhay elm v l dl ding nhan thfle ra vin d l niy vl ngudi tli se ra di. Nhirng ngudi cd "tli dflc" that svr, hg la nhflng ngudi cd ldng tvr ttgng, hp mudn lim viflc dl eflng hien cho svi nghiSp cich mang v l cho ly tuomg cua minh. d mdi trudng cflng tic cd nhiflu miu thuin, be phli, dfl ki... ngudi tii khflng mudn tham gia vio nhiing cuflc diu d i lin nhau; ho ra di v i tim mpt mdi trudng eflng tie tflt hon, thuin Igi ban.
Nhiing can benh nflu ttfln ed tic hai rit ldn dfln cln bp v l cflng tic cln bp cfla Ding v l deu do chfl ngbia c l nhan m i ra; mufln chifln thing nd phli nlng cao dao dflc d c h mang, quet sach chfl nghia c i nhin. Ngudi cin bp phii loai bd nhirng can benh niy mdi 11 ngudi cpng sin cich mang chin chinh v l cflng tic cin bp mdi th|t svi Ivia chpn dugc ngudi tli cho Ding.
Thli ba, mufln ttpng dung nhln tii, phli sfla lai cich lanh dao. Theo Chfl tieh Hfl Cbi Minh, cich lanh dao dan chft, gin din, sit vcii nhln din, biet cham Io dfln Igi ich cua nhln din 11 cich lanh d^o pbit huy dugc sing kifln cfla nguoi tli, 11 "chia khoi van nang" dfl gili quylt mgi khd khan ttong cflng viflc v i nhumg ngudi tii ttong nhln din cung xuit hifln, cung chftng ta xiy dvmg dit nudc. Ding ta d i cd Nghi quylt Trung uong biy khoi X ve xay dvmg ddi ngu tri thftc, mflt vin kifln quan ttpng thfl hien svt quan tam lvra ebon v i sfl dvmg nhung ngudi hifln tli cho Ding v i cich mang. Dpi ngu tri thfle v l nhiing ngudi cd tii ngiy d n g dupc dinh gii cao v i dugc tao dilu kien de phit huy khi nang efla mmh cflng hifln cho dit nudc. D l phit huy dugc ning Ivrc, sd trudng cua dpi ngu tri thftc, phli dlnh gil dflng svi cflng hien, ddng gdp efla hp dfl tft dd cd nhiing bign pbip ttpng dvmg v l phit trign ddi ngu tri thftc. Dpi ngu niy cln dugc xic dinh nhu diu tiu, mfii nhgn dS thftc diy tri thftc v i khca hpc phit triln, nhit la ttong dieu kien hien nay, khoa bpc da ttd thinh Ivrc lupmg sin xuit time tilp efla xa hpi. Nhirng cflng lap, ddng gdp cia hp phli dugc ghi nhln xflng ding.
Trpng cflng tic cin bfl, cin phli b l tri nguoi tli vio nhiing vi tri quan ttpng dl hp phit huy hit kbi ning cfta minh; dflng thdi phli kifln quylt chflng benh
Tgp chi T§m 1^ hgc xa hfli so 3, 3 - 2015 89
ieh ky, hep hdi, dfl ky, ken evia lan nhau, phit hien v i dua ra khdi tfl chftc nhiing ngudi mic phli cin bpnh dd. Cd nhu v|y, cflng vipc gflc cfla Ding mdi thvic SVI dat hieu qui, nhat 11 dfli vdi viflc sft dtmg nhln tli. Bfln canh do, ngudi lanh dao quin ly phli bilt sfla minh rdi mdi sfla ngudi, phii lam viec vdi tie phong khoa hgc, dan chfl v l dai chflng, kifln quyflt loji bd tic phong quan liSu, menh lenh, gia truomg, dgc doin vi nd cd hai cho cich mang v l khflng sft dung dugc nhln tli. Chfl tich Hfl Chi Minh da timg ndi: tinh xiu cfla mflt ngudi chi cd hai cho ngudi do nhung tinh xiu cfla ngudi cln bp, ding vifln se h?i dfln Ding, dfln nhln din.
Tai lifu tham khao:
(1), (2), (3), (4) Hfl Chi Minh teln t|p, 2002, t|p 5, Nxb Chi'nh tii Qudc gia, Tr.273, 274,238,257,241.
