J. Sd. & Devel., Vol. 10, No. 5:714-722 Tep ch( Khoa hgc vd Phdt triln 2012 Tflp 10, s l 5:714-722 www.hua.edu.vn
NGHICN COU QUY TRINH CH^ BI£N Dd utfNG TtfBUAi vA LO HOI
Tran Thj Djoh* NguySn Thj Nhung, Tr&n Th| Lan Hinrng, DAo Thi^n, Nguyin Thj Bfch Thiiy Khoa Cdng ngh^ th\rcphdm, Trudng Bgi hgc Ndng ngM^p Hd Npi
Email': [email protected] vn
Ngiy gui bii: 29.05.2012 Ngiy ch^p nh&n: 28.08.2012
T 6 M TAT
Hien nay nufl'c trdi d y dang dup'c nhilu doanh nghi$p Viflt Nam quan tdm khai thdc. ding thd'i dirge ngi/fl'i tiflu dimg ua chuflng b H gid trj dinh du'O'ng cao vd cdc hoat chit sinh hpc cO Ig-I cho sue khie. Trong nghidn ci/u ndy chiing tOI dd buO'c d i u xdy dyng du'gc quy trlnh c h i biln d l uing tO" b u l l Nflm Roi vd 10 hfll, hai I09I nguyin ligu d r i t nhilu tdc dgng t i t d l l v61 SLCC khie, rS tiln vd s i n c6. C h i dfl xu' ly nhim iogl b l v| ding vd glO' c l u true giOn cho gel Ifl hfll Id chin trong nufl'c I ' QO^C trong 5 phiit, sau d6 ngdm gel trong CaCli 1,5% trong 60 phiit. C h i dfl xi> ly bu'li thich ho'p Id c h i n trong NaOH 1% trong 30s, b nhlflt dfl 75*'C, Dilu kifln t i l uu cho hoat tinh ciia c h i phim enzyma pectinex Ultra-SPL nhim tdng hiflu qud thu h l l djch b u l l Id ning dfl enzyme 0,03% so vfl'l khli lirpng djch qua, nhlflt dfl xCr ly 40°C, trong 60 phiit. TJ 1$ Ifl hfli/nu6c b u l l Id 1/20. K i t qud nghidn cO-u ndy m l ra tilm ndng cho vlflc sdn xuit d l ulng chu'C ndng lir bu'll vd 10 hfll.
Tir khda: Bu'li, d l ulng. Ifl hfll.
Research on Processing of Beverage from Pomelo and Aloe
ABSTRACT
At present, fruit juice production Is interested by many companies In Vietnam, and also prefered by consumers due to its high nutritional values and bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health. In this paper we study the processing of beverage from Nam Roi pomelo and aloe, two materials possessing lots of appealing properties for human health and are cheap and available. Treatment regimes to remove the bitter taste of pomelo and retain the crunchy structure of aloe gel include blanching in hot water, at 90°C for 5 min, then immersing In 1.5% CaCb for 60 minutes. Suitable treatment for pomelo was blanching In 1% NaOH at 75°C for 30s. Optimal conditions for activity of enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL to Increase the yield of pomelo juice were enzyme concentration of 0,03%, temperature of 40°C for 60 min. The ratio of aloe/ pomelo Juice was 1/20. The results of this research open up the possibility for the production of functional drinks from pomelo and aloe.
Keywords: Pomelo, beverage, Aloe.
, T-iimiii'vi T^A Bull, t i n khoa hpc Id Citrus maxima I . D A T V A N D E . , ' . X ^ • . J- . » ^ r ^ l . 1
Merr., Burm. ho$c Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck., Nhcf Uu thtf la mpt nUdc nhi^t dii cl nhilu Id lo^i trdi cdy dUpc n h i l u nguli Ua thfch bii loai trai cay da d ^ g , hi§n nay nulc giai khdt san n l k h i n g nhQng c l tfnh giai khdt rd't ttft ma xuat tii trai cay dang dUpc nhilu doanh nghipp c i n cd tac dyng phong vd chQa b^nh. Ngoai Viet Nam quan tam khai thac, dong thii dupc nhdng thdnh p h i n h I a hpc t h i n g t h u i n g nhU nguli tieu diing Ua chugng bcii hdm lUpng dinh duIng, khoing, axit hiiu cd, trong b u l l con dudng cao vd cac boat chtft sinh hpc d l0i cho siic chita n h i l u acid galacturonic, vitamin C, khoe. Trong rd't nhieu loai nguyen li|u ducjc diing pectin, phenol, flavoinoid Gimonoid, hesperidin di san xud't do utfng, bUcii vd lo h | i Id hai l o ^ vd naringin)..., d tdc dyng chtfng oxy hIa rd't nguyen lieu s l hiiu nhilu dfic tinh Uu vi|t. m^nh, giiip 1dm ch^m sy lao h I a va ton thUdng
Trin Thj D|nh, Nguyen Thj Nhung, Trin Thj Lan Hucng, Ddo Thifin, Nguyin Thj Bich Thiiy
ciia ttf bao, bao v0 tinh dan hoi ciia mach mau, ngLfa xd cling dpng m^ch, gidn tiep chtfng cao huyl't dp va tai bitfn m^ch mau nao, giam nguy cd suy tim va ung thu (Shirou vd c^ng sy, 2010;
Caitlin vd cong sU, 2012). Bull cin gidp fin ngon, kfch thich sU tieu h6a vi tfing cuIng sy tiet m§t vd titft dich vi. Dilng bUcii vdo bul'i sang luc doi bung cl tdc dyng Idi tilu vd tiy chat dpc, giiip Ipc mau, thai nhiing chtft b i n vd die to I thfin vd gan ra ngodi. Ngodi ra buli d n d nhilu cong dung 1dm dep nhU giiip Idn da khoe manh va tre trung, chtfng l^i sy ttfn d n g ciia cac tac nhan 6 nhilm mli truing vd giiip bieu bi can bang cdc ytfu to dinh duflng.
Nulc Ip bull c6 tac dyng giam cfin nhanh ching (Caitlin vd cpng sy, 2012).
LI hpi hay d n gpi Id nha dam cl danh phdp khoa hpc la Aleve vera. Trong nhiing thdp nien gan day, cac nghien cdu y khoa tren thtf giii da xac dinh dupc phin gel trong suot dUdc chitft tii Id II hpi CO nhiing tac dyng giup giam ngiia, sung dau, dong thii n l ciing d tac dyng khang khuan vd chtfng ntfm, lam tang viec lUu thong mau I viing bi thUdng, kich thich cdc nguyen bao sdi va te bdo da, co nhilm vy lam lanh vet thUPng (Vo Thanh Thai, 2000; Ni vd cgng sy, 2009; Rodriguez va cong sU, 2010). Lo hii d kha nang giam thieu lUpng duIng trong mau cho chiing benh tilu duIng, giup klo dai thii gian va kich thich he thong mien dich I cac benh nhan hi ung thU bang each khli dpng h i thong miln dich thing qua viec kich hoat cdc dai thyc bdo, nguyen nhan cua vile phing thich cac chd't kich hoat miln dich vd chong ung thU nhU interferon, interleukine (Lebitsa va cpng sy, 2012). Lo hpi d n d tac dung ttft dtfi v6i cac vd'n de ve tieu hoa bii kha nang can bang Igi h^
thong duIng r u l t bdng each "dieu chinh dp pH trong dUing rult, dong thii cai thien tinh co bop cua rugt - da day, tang tinh nhudn trdng va 1dm giam lupng vi sinh vdt trong phan" (Do Ta't Lpi, 1991; Bertolini va cong sU, 2012). Cac nghien cdu da chiing minh rang nUdc dinh dUing II hpi cl tac dung giup giai dgc to trong dUing ruot, trung hoa tinh axit trong d? ddy, 1dm giam chiing tao bin va loet da day, dong thii cl tac dung trong viec chiia tri cac b$nh vilm nhilm
duIng rugt (Rodrfguez vd cgng sy, 2010). Cac nghiin ciiu vl iing dung II hgi trong thUc phim bfing vile b l sung II hii cung da dUpc thyc hiln (Bozzi vd c|ng sy, 2007; Chang vd cpng sU, 2008; Rodriguez vd cOng sy, 2010; Sanzana vd c|ng sy, 2011, Vijayalakshmi vd cong sy, 2012).
Mdc dii buli vd II hpi cl rtft nhilu tac dung ttft doi vii site khoe, re tien vd sSn d , nhUng hi|n chUa d mpt cong bo trong nUlc vd quoc ttf' ndo dl cdp dtfn vi|c svl dung ktft hpp hai nguyen lilu nay d l chtf bitfn thdnh thUc phim. Vi vdy nghiin ciiu ndy hulng dtfn vile xdy diJng quy trinh chtf bitfn do utfng tii buli vd II hoi nhdm da dang hIa cdc san phim nU6c utfng, dflc biet cac loai nUlc chtf bitfn tit nguyen lilu c6 chiia cac chtft d boat tinh sinh hgc cao co Idi cho sdc khoe, dong thii gia tfing gia tri hdng hoa, md ring pho sd dyng cho qua buli va la II hpi.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG P H A P 2.1. Vat lieu
Buli Nfim Roi dUpc trong I tinh Vinh Long.
LI hii dupc trong cl mgt stf tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bdc Viet Nam. Cac hoa chat HCl, ZnS04, chi thi phenolphtalein dUpc mua tii Trung Qutfc. NaOH, lod, K3Fe(CNe), KI, va NajSjOg dupc mua tii hang Merck (Diic).
Vitamin C chuan dUpc mua tir hang ACROS (My). Chtf phim enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL dupc mua tii hang Novozymes (Dan Mach).
2.2. FhUcfng phap n g h i i n ciiu 2.2.1. Phififng phAp bo'tri thi nghsim
- Xac dinh phitOngphap loai bo vi ding cua gel 16 hgi
Anh hulng ciia nhilt do nUlc chin den chat lupng cua gel II hpi: thi nghilm dUpc tien hanh I cdc nhilt dp khdc nhau (80°C, 90°C, 100°C) trong thii gian 5 phiit. Mdu doi chdng (DC) la gel lo hpi khing chin.
Anh hulng cua thdi gian xd ly den chd't lUdng cua gel IS hpi: thi nghilm dUpc tien hanh I cdc thii gian chin khac nhau (3 phiit, 5 phut, 7 phut) S nhilt dp thich hpp. Mdu doi chiing la gel II hpi khong chin.
715
Nghidn ciru quy trinh chi biln dl ulng lif buli vd Ifl hfli - Xac dinh phildng phap xd ly thfch h(fp dd gia c^u true gidn cua gel 16 b^i
Anh hulng ciia ning d | C'ii("l/ gel II h|i dupc ngam I cac nong dg CaCl^: 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2% trong thii gian 60 phdt. MSu dll chdng Id gel lo h|i khing ngam trong dung dich CaCla
Anh hulng cua thii gian ngdm gel trong dung dich CnCl;;: gel II h^i dUpc nglm I ning dO thich hdp trong thdi gian 40 phiit, 60 phdt, 80 phut. Miu dll chitng Id gel II h|i khing nglm trong dung dich CaCl,,
- Xiic dinh cac dieu ki^n ho^t d^ng thich hop cho chd'phdm enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL nhAm nang cao hieu suA't thu hSi dich qua
Anh hUdng ciia nong d | enzyme: buli snu 6p dupc xii IJ enzyme trich ly b cac ning dp:
0,01%; COlSVu; 0.02%; 0,025%; 0,03% trong thdi gian 60 phiit, nhilt d | 40''C. Man dll chiing Id nulc buli khong xd ly enzyme
Anh hulng nhiet dp xvt ly: nulc buli dupc xd ly enzyme cl nhiet dp 20''C, 30''C, 40°C, 50°C I nong dp thich hpp, thdi gian 60 phut. Mdu dli chdng la nudc buli khong xd ly enzyme
Anh hupng thdi gian xix ly: nUlc buli dUpc xii IJ enzyme 1 1 5 phut, 30 phut, 45 phut, va 60 phut I nhiet do va nong dp thich hdp. Mdu doi chdng la nude buli khong xii ly enzyme
- Xac dinh ti le 16 boi tbi'cb hpp trong san pham nifdc bitdi Id hoi
Ty le phoi che: II hii/nulc bull = 1/10, 1/20, 1/30
2.2.2. PhUdng phap phan tich - Xac dinh cac chi tieu v&t ly
Xac dinh ti II phin sd dung cho chtf bien/phan an dUpc Xi (%)
X,{%) = •ixl00(%)
Trong dl m,, la khcTi lUpng miu ban d i u (g), m, la khoi lupng phan khong fln dupc/vl, hgt, cutfng... (g).
- Xac djnh c&c chi tieu hoa hqc
Xdc djnh ting lupng chd't rdn hod tan (CKllT) ("Dx) bing chitft quang kc hi§n so (±
0,10 "Bx). Xdc dinh hdm lUpng dUdng khd bdng phUdng phip Ixckuzt (Vii Thj ThU & cs., 2001).
Xdc djnh hdm lu^ng acid hilu cd tong stf bdng phUdng phip chud'n d l NaOH 0,1N. Xac dinh hdm lupng vitamin C (mg%CT) bdng phUdng phip chuin dg lod (Vu Thj ThU & cs., 2001).
- X&c djnh cac chi tn'-u vi sinh v^t Xiic djnh nfl'm men, moc tong stf theo TCVN 7137: 2002 ISO 13681:1995. Xac dinh vi sinh v§t hitfu khi ting stf theo TCVN 5657- 1992. Xac djnh /•;. coli theo TCVN 5155- 90
- Danh giA ch&'t It/png cam quan Chd't lupng cam quan ciia ban thdnh phim vd thdnh phim dupc danh gid bdng phuong phdp cho dilm thi hitfu theo thang dicm Hodonic tii 1-9, hpi dong gom 10 thanh vicn da qua luypn t i p vc ngudng cam giac.
Phuong ph&p xd 11 so' lieu thf nghiem: Stf lieu dupc xii IJ thtfng k l bflng phan mem Excel va R-statistics (My).
3. KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN 3.1. Nghien cCfu chtf do xit ly nguyen lilu 3.1.1. Xac dinh thanh phan hoa hgc chinh cua nguyen lipu
Chd't lupng nguyen lipu la mpt trong nhung ytfu to quan trpng anh hulng dtfn chat lupng va gia thdnh san phim. Nguyen lipu dung dc che bitfn phai cl tr^ng thai, mdu sdc va hUdng vi htfp din, nhung dong thdi phai la giong dUdc trong rpng rai, cho nfing sutft cao, gia thanh thtfp. Nhu v|iy mli dam bao dupc hieu qua kinh ttf vd tfnh In dinh trong qua trinh san xufi't lin.
Trong nghien ciiu ndy buli Ndm Roi vd II hgi trong I mpt stf tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bfic Vi|t Nam Id nguyen lilu chinh cho chtf bien.
Ket qua phdn tfch thdnh phin hIa hpc chinh ciia hai logii nguyin li$u nay dUdc trinh bay I bang 1.
Trin Thi Dinh, Nguyin Thj Nhung, Trin Thi Lan Hu'ung, Ddo Thi^n, Nguyin Thj BIch Thuy
B a n g 1. T h a n h p h i n hoa hoc chinh ciia bUoii va gel 16 hoi Chi tigu
Hdm lupng CKHT (°Bx) Hdm lupng vitamin C (mg%) Hdm lupng nu6c (%) Hdm lupng axit (%) Ham lupng du&ng khir (%) Tyl$ phiin si> dyng awpc (%)
LfihOI Bu&i
0.58 ± 0,03 10,35 ±0,15 97,23 ±0,15 0,053 ± 0,005 0,088 i 0.003 82,7310.15
10,07 ±0.12 63,8 ±0,3 88,71 ± 0,01 0.363 ± 0,002
0,47 ±0.01 44,45 ± 0.02
3.1.2. Xac dinli phi/cfng phap loai bo vi dang cho gel 16 hgi
Co rd't nhieu phUdng phdp xii ly nguyen lifiu khdc nhau do tao ra san phim cl chfi't lupng to't nhu phUdng phap xii ly bdng enzyme, xd ly bflng nhiet, tia biic xa... Trong nghien cdu ndy, bien phdp xd ly nhiet dupc sii dung do Uu dilm ddn gian, de lam, re tien, gop phin ha gia thdnh san phfim, vo hoat dupc he enzyme oxi h6a gay bitfn mdu nulc utfng, dong thii 1dm giam vi dflng vd mui hac khi chiu cua nguyen lipu.
- Xac dinh nhiet do chin thich hdp De xac dinh nhiet dp chin thich hpp, thi nghiem dUpc tien hdnh nhU dUdc mo ta 3 phdn 2.1.1. Ktft qua bang 2 cho thd'y, nhigt do chin cl anh hulng kha lin den chfi't lUpng cua gel 13 hpi.
Vdi mfiu doi chiing (khing chin) dich la d mau trang trong, miii ngai nong, vi rfi't dang, do nhit cao. V6i nguy§n lieu chin I 80°C, mau dich trang due hdn mfiu doi chdng, Hai mfiu ndy dl lau se hi bien mdu do h i enzyme oxi hoa chUa bi tieu diit hoac dc chtf hodn toan. Do d6 trong qua
trinh chtf bien, thit la tiep xiic vdi oxi khing khi se xay ra phan dng bitfn mdu xdm hofic nau 1dm mfi't gid tri cam quan ciia san phd'm.
6 nhigt dp chin cao hOn (100°C), mgt so chd't tgo nen miii thdm dac trUng vtfn co cua nguyen lilu bi bay hdi dong thii tao ra cac san phfim c6 miii na'u chin vd Ifim phan hiiy mgt so chfi't nhu vitamin...lam giam gia tri dinh dUdng cua nguyen li§u.
Vii nhilt do chin gO'C nguyin liSu co mau sang, dp nhit giam, khong con vi ding, ham lUpng dinh dudng cl trong thit la bitfn doi khong dang ke so vii mdu khing chin. Vi vdy nhiet dp chan 90°C dupc lya chpn cho cac nghien cdu titfp theo.
- Xac dinh thdi gian chin thich hap De nghien cflu thdi gian chin nham loai bo vi ddng cua gel, cac miu dUpc chan trong khoang 3 - 1 0 phiit I nhipt dl 90''C. Nguyen lieu sau khi chin dupc dem phan tich chfi't lUdng, ktft qua dupc t h i hien cl bang 3.
Mdu dll chdng vd chin trong thii gian 3 phut cl miii ngai, nong, vi ddng, dl nhit cao.
B a n g 2. Anh h u d n g cua n h i l t do dtfn c h a t Iiioing gel Id h i i
Mdu s i c
MCii V|
Chi ti6u
Hdm lupng CKHT(°Bx) H i m lupng axit (%) H i m lupng vitamin C (mg%)
DC Trdng trong
MCii ngdi n i n g , vi rat ddng 0.58 ± 0.03 0,053 ± 0.005
10,35 ± 0 , 1 5
Nhi^t at,
ao^c
T r i n g
Miii hoi n g i i , v| d i n g
0.58 ± 0,03 0.053 ± 0,005
9,9 ± 0,2
90°C T r i n g . c6 bpt khi
trong th|t l i Mill h c i ngdi,
kh6ng d i n g 0.58 ± 0 . 0 3 0,051 ± 0,005
9.5 ± 0 , 2
100°C M i u tring Sue nhi^u
bpt khi trong thjt l i lutCii n i u chin,
khdng d i n g 0.40 ± 0,03 0,042 ± 0.005
8,1 ± 0 , 2
Nghidn ciru quy trlnh c h i biln d l ulng tir b u l i vd Ifl hfll
Bang 3. Anh hiidng ciia thdi gian dtfn chft't li<^ng gel Id h ^ i ThM gian
0 phiit (DC) 3 phiit
Miilvj Hdm lupng CKHT^Bx) Hdm lupng axit (%) Hdm lupng vilamin C (mg%)
Tring Irong Mill ngdi n&ng.
v| rat ding 0.58 ± 0,03 0,053 ± 0,005 10.3510,15
Trinfl Mill ngii, v| ding
0.58 ± 0,03 0,053 ± 0,005 10.0 ± 0,2
Mdu irlng, cO bpt khi Irong thjt l i ^ Mill dftc trung,
khdng ding 0,58 ± 0.03 0.052 ± 0.005 9.5 10.2
Mdu tring due nhilu bpt khi trong thit l i Mill chua, khflng ding
0.50 ± 0,03 0.049 ± 0,005
B,e ± 0.2 Trong khi dl miu chin trong thdi gian 6 phdt
cho chd't lupng nguyin li$u ttft nhtft t h i hi|n I vi|c giam d | nhdt, vj ding h i u nhu khing d n , mdu sic nguyin li|u sdng hdn miu dli chdng vd mfiu chin I thdi gian 3 phdt. O thii gian chin 7 phdt, cdc chi tilu cam quan cung nhu cdc chi tilu vl dinh dUing giam d i n (Bang 3),
Nhu v^y, di dam bao dupc chtft lupng cam quan ciing nhU gid tri dinh duIng ciia nguydn lieu, chung tii chpn chtf dp chin I nhilt d | BCC trong thdi gian 5 phut.
3.1.3. Xac dinh phUdng phdp giU cau true gidn cho gel 16 hgi
De tflng dl giln cua gel 16 hpi, gel dupc ngam trong dung dich CaClj. Nulc cl chda muoi canxi 1dm cho rau qua vd cac san phim thyc pham tang dp rfln chflc, trdnh bi d|ip ndt vd gid dupc dp giln ciia san phim.
- Xac dinh nong dg CaCl2 thich hdp Lo hpi dupc 1dm sach, bo vo vd cutfng, chin I nhi§t dl 90°C trong 5 phut. Sau dl, gel II hpi dupc thai dang hat lyu vii kfch thUlc Icm^, moi mfiu cl khoi lUpng lOOg, dupc ngam trong dung
djch CaCla trong thii gian 60 phut 5 cdc ning d | khdc nhau.
Stf li|u b bang 4 cho thtfy khi gel II h | i khdng ngdm CaClj ho^c ngdm b ning dl thtfp (0,5%) thi khing cl d | giln, cd'u trdc rd't mIm. Khi ngam d ning do cao (2%), gel II h | i giln, tuy nhiln d miii hdi hdng, gdy md't cam quan. O nong dp 1 - 1,5%, gel khdng nhiing cl ctfu tnic giln, ma con giii nguyin dUpc gid trj cam quan vd dinh dudng.
Do dl, chdng tii chpn cdch ngam gel trong Ca(31j 1,5% cho cdc thf nghi|m sau.
- XAc djnh thdi gian ngim thfch hdp Sau khi xii IJ nhi^t, gel II hdi vii kfch thulc Icm^ dupc ngdm trong dung dich CaC!2 I nong do 1,5% trong cdc thdi gian khac nhau. Ktft qua bang 6 cho thtfy vdi mfiu dtfi chdng vd mfiu ngdm trong thii gian 40 phut mitfng Id hgi hdi mIm, cdn m§u ngdm trong thii gian 80 phut, mitfng Id hOi cl cd'u true giln tuy nhien mid vi hdi hdng do ngdm trong dung dich CaClj qua Idu. Khi ngdm mdu trong thdi gian 60 phut, mitfng II hOi cl cd'u true gidn, tfing cac chi tieu ve m$t cam quan vd dinh dUdng.
Bang 4. Anh hiidng cua nong dp CaClg dtfn ctfu t r u e cua Id hpi Chi tieu
Mdu sic. miii Clu triic Hdm lupng CKHT(°Bx) Him lupng axit (%)
0(DC) Tring trong
Mim 0,58 ±0,03 0.053 ± 0.005
0.5 Tring trong
Hpi mIm 0,58 ± 0,03 0.053 ± 0,005
Ning d« CaCI]
1 Tring trong
Hpi gifln 0.58 ± 0.03 0.053 ± 0.005
(%)
1,5 Tring trong
Gi6n 0.58 ± 0,03 0,053 ± 0,005
2 Tring trong, mill hpi hdng Gifln 0.58 ± 0,03 0,053 ± 0.005
Trin Thj Djnh. Nguyin Thj Nhung. Trin Tlii Lan Huong. Ddo Thifln, Nguyin Thi BIch Thdy
B a n g 5. A n h hifdng ciia thlri gian ng&m CaCl, dtfn ctfu t r u e gion cua 16 hpi
Mdu sic, mill
Clu triic Hdm iLPpng CKHT(°Bx) Hdm lupng axit (%)
Ophut(OC) Tring trong
M4m 0,58 ± 0,03 0,053 ± 0.005
40 phdt Tring trong
HPI gl6n 0.5S ± 0,03 0.053 ± 0,005
ThM gian 60 phOt Tring trong
Glfln 0,58 ± 0.03 0,053 ± 0,005
eOphCit Tring trong, c6 mill hdng
GI6n 0.58 ±0,03 0.053 ± 0,005
Td ktft qua bang 4 vd bang 5 chdng tii chgn chtf dg ngdm CaClj I ning dO 1,5% trong thii gian 60 phdt d l dam bao cdc chi ti&u chd't lUdng vd gid tri dinh dUdng.
3.1.4. Xac dinh phUdng phdp lam giam vj dang nUdc budi
Naringin la thdnh p h i n flavanoid cl m^t chii ytfu trong mdi buli vd gdy nIn vi ddng cho nulc buli Ip. Hpp chtft nay bi hda tan dS ddng trong dung dich kiem. Vi vdy trong nghiin cdu nay biln phap chin buli trong dung dich NaOH dupc sd dung de khd vi dang cua buli.
De xac dinh nong dp NaOH thich hpp, buli sau khi dupc hoc vo, tach vo mui vd h^t dUpc chin trong dung dich NaOH I cac ning dl 0,5;
1; 1,5% 5 nhigt d l 75"C trong thdi gian 30s. Vii thing stf v l thdi gian chin, thi nghilm tUdng ty dUdc titfn hdnh vdi nhifit d l chin la gia tri da
tim dupc h thi nghi|m trulc trong cdc khoang thii gian 15s, 30s, vd 45s.
Sau qud trinh chin, bull dupc riia sach bing nUdc. Qud trinh rula cdn nh&m myc dich titfp tyc hda tan naringin. Dl thd mdc dp sach NaOH, vdi gipt chi thj phenolphthalein dUpc cho vdo buli da riia, ntfu khing xutft hi^n mdu hing nghia Id mdi buli da sach NaOH, ntfu cl mdu hong xutft hi^n Id chua sach NaOH, cin titfp thyc riia. Buli sau riia dUpc xay Itfy dich qua d l kilm tra chi tieu chtft lUdng. Ktft qua dUpc trinh bdy trong bang 6.
Ktft qua cam quan nUdc bUli cho thtfy vii mfiu khong chin, nUlc buli d vi ding rfi't k h i utfng. Khi chin bull trong dung dich NaOH ning dp cao (1,5%) vd thdi gian dai (45s) mflc dd vi dflng giam rd r i t nhUng mdi dich bi nong cua dung dich NaOH. Che dp chin ttfi Uu Id nong dp 1% trong thdi gian 30s, b nhi^t d l 75''C.
B a n g 6. Anh hifdng ciia chtf dp c h a n NaOH dtfn chfi't Iif^ng cam q u a n c u a nUdc btfdi Chd d9 yHi ly
Ning ao (%)
Th&i gian (s)
Mdu sic Ving nh^t Vdng dim Vdng dim Ving dim Vdng nh^t Ving dim Ving dim Ving dim
Miilvj Hupng d9c trung,vj ding Hupng die Irung, vj hcri ding Huong d^ctrvng. khdng ding Huong ning, khflng ding Huong d$c tn/ng, vj ding Huong d$c tnrng. vj hoi ding Huong d$c tnjng, khflng ding Huong ning, khflng ddng
Nghidn cCru quy trlnh c h i biln d l ulng tir bu-ll v l I I hOI
3.1.5. Xdc dinh cdc diSu ki^n thich h^ cho chd' ph^m enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL nhim n&ng cao hipu su&'t thu hSi djch quA
. - Anh hudng cua ndng dp enzyme tdi hipu su6't thu hSi djch qua
Ning do enzyme Id mOt ytfu ttf quan trpng anh hulng tii hi^u sud't trich ly, chfi't lUpng djch qua, vd gid thdnh san phim. Ntfu ning d | enzyme dUpc bl' sung b ty 1| thtfp thi hilu sutft trich ly thfi'p, thii gian chtf bitfn klo ddi d i n dtfn dl bi nhilm vi sinh v$t, vd san phim cl nguy cd bi hu hong trong qui trinh bao quan. Ntfu ndng d l enzyme cao thi h i | u autft trich ly cl t h i tdng lin nhUng gii thdnh rtft dIt.
Dl xdc dinh ning dl enzyme thfch hpp tgi dl cho hi|u sutft Ip cao nhd't, tip buli dUpc nghiin mjn, btf sung enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL (ho^t dtf 26,000 PG/mL) vdi d c ning dp 0.01%; 0,04% so vii nguyin li|u. Nhi|t dO thiiy phdn 40°C trong thii gian 60 phdt. IVong thii gian thuy phdn, miu dUdc khutfy trin sau mSi 15 phut. Sau dl mdu dUpc dem di ipc va xac dinh hilu sud't thu hii. Ktft qua dU0c dUa ra b hinh 1.
Ktft qua cho thtfy khi lUpng enzyme bo sung cdng nhilu tld hilu sufi't thu h i i dich cdng lin vd dat cyc dai I nong dp enzyme 0,03%, sau d l dii titfp tyc tflng enzyme thi hi$u sutft thay doi khing ddng ke. Xit v l hi§u qua kinh ttf chiing t ii chpn nong dp enzyme 0,03% cho nghiin cdu tiep theo.
- Anh hudng cua thdi gian xit 1^ enzyme tdi hipu su&'t thu hdi dfch qud
Thdi gian xii IJ nhi$t liln quan tdi thii gian chtf bitfn, tii chtft Idpng ciia skn phim, hi§u sutft thu hii qui vd hiOu q u i kinh ttf. Ntfu thdi gian xd IJ qud ngin thi enzyme t i c d | n g khing tri|t dl. NgUpc l^i ntfu qud trinh xtt IJ qud llu th) djch qui thu dUi?c d t h i bj nhiSm vi sinh vdt la vd cdc phin dng hda sinh khdng mong mutfn titfp tyc xiy ra, anh hulng xtfu dtfn chtft lUpng san phim.
Ktft q u i b hinh 2 cho thtfy khi thii gian tdc dyng ciia enzyme cdng tfing thi lUpng djch thu dupc cdng nhilu. Tuy nhiln ntfu thii gian xii IJ ddi hdn 1 gid thi hi$u sutft tflng khing ddng kl.
Sau khi p h i v3 m l ttf bdo vd phdn c i t cac phfin td pectin, do trong chtf phim enzyme cl chda mOt lupng n h i cenllulose vd hemicellulose nen enzyme titfp tyc thiiy phdn mpt p h i n cdc thdnh phin cellulose vd hemicellulose 1dm tfing hilu sutft trich ly nhung q u i trinh ndy 1dm tfing hdm lupng cac chtft khdng mong mutfn bi giai phIng vdo dich qua gdy k h i khdn cho qud trinh chtf bitfn sau ndy.
Trong san xutft, thii gian cdng ng&n cdng ttft, vi sinh v§t nhiSm tgp cdng ft. VI v§y trong truing hpp ndy, chdng toi chpn thdi gian xii IJ 60 phdt cho cdc nghiin ciiu titfp theo.
0.01 0.03 0.03 N^ng df tazymt (H) Hinh 1. Anh hirdng c u a n o n g do enzyme
dtfn h i f u sutf^t t h u hoi d|ch q u a
TbMgliui(pLikC)
H i n h 2. A n h hvldng c u a t h d i gian dtfn h i f u sutft t h u h6i d i c h q u a
Trin Thi Dinh, NguySn Thj Nhung, Trin Thj Lan Hu'O'ng, Ddo Thi|n, Nguyin Thi BIch Thuy
- Anil hudng cua nhipt dp xd Jj? enzyme tdi hipu su&'t thu hSi dich qua
i-Nhift dl Cling Id ytfu ttf quan trpng anh hulng tdi boat lyc cua enzyme, ntfu nhift dO qud cao thi enzyme cl t h i bi vl hogt ding thii 1dm bay hdi chfi't thdm, giam gifi tri cam quan cua san phim. NgUpc lai ntfu nhift d | thtfp thi enzyme hoat ding k^m hifu qua.
Trong thf n ^ f m ndy, dich buli nghiin sg dUdc xd IJ enzyme vdi nong do 0,03% so vii dich qua; thii gian xii ly 60 phut b cdc nhift dp khdc nhau. Hinh 3 cho thd'y 40*'C Id nhift df thfch hpp nhtft cho boat dOng thuy phgn cila chtf phim enzyme, hilu sufi't thu hii \dn nhd't (82,9%).
Nhift do thich hdp cho xii IJ bull tim thfi'y trong nghiin ciiu nfiy cao hdn so vii nhift dO khuyen cdo bii nhd san xud't (30''C).
Nhu vdy dilu kien thich hpp nhtft cho chtf phim enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL Id ning do enzyme 0,03% so vii khU lupng dich qua, nhiet do xd IJ 40°C, trong 60 phut.
Hinh 3. A n h hifdng c u a n h i f t do dtfn h i f u s u a t t h u hdi dich q u a
3.2. Xdc d i n h ty If phoi chtf 16 h^Vnvtdc biicfi 1^ If II hfi/nulc buli cl anh hudng rtft lin dtfn hUdng vj, mdu sfic, trgng t h i i cua san phim. Ntfu ty If II hfi/nUlc buli thtfp thi se tao cho san phim cl hUdng vj, mdu sic, trang thii kim htfp din. NgUpc Igi ntfu ty If phli chtf cao thi sin phim tuy d hUdng vj ngon, mdu sic d$c trung nhUng gid thdnh san phim cao, thi truing khi chtfp nh^n. Ylu clu d^t ra cua loai san phfim ndy Id phai d hUdng vj d$c tning cua nguySn lifu, mdu sfic, trgng thdi thfch hpp, vd gifi thdnh hpp IJ. Dl dgt dUpc myc tilu trin, chdng tii titfn hdnh nghiin cdu phli chtf II hfi/nUlc buli vii cdc ty If khdc nhau. Vii cic ty If phdi chtf khdc nhau thi chtft lUpng cam quan ciia san phim cung khdc nhau. Vdi ty If thtfp 16 h|i/nudc buli Id 1/10 thi san phim d hUdng vi khing d§c trung, nhieu II hfi 1dm mtft vi ciia nudc buli nIn miic chtfp nhf n san phim thtfp. 6 ty If 1/20 san phim cl mdu sic, hUdng vi hdi hIa, d$c trung nen diem cam quan cao. Vii ty If 1/30, san phim it 10 hfi, ty If khdng cdn dOi, kim hfi'p din nen mdc chtfp nhfin cung thfi'p (Bang 7).
X6t vi hilu qua kinh ttf vd df hdi hIa vtf hUdng vi, mdu sic chdng t ii chpn ty If phoi chtf II hii/nulc buli la 1/20.
Sau khi xac dinh dupc ty If phm chtf Id hdi/buli, chdng ti i titfn hdnh chtf bitfn nulc buli II hfi sd dyng cac thing stf cIng nghf thich hpp da tim thtfy I cdc thi nghilm trulc, dilu chinh ham lUpng chtft khd hda tan la 12''Bx, axit 0,25 % di san phim thu dUpc d vi hdi hda. Titfp theo, nUlc qua dUpc thanh triing I 90°C/10 phdt, vd bao I n cl nhift dp phIng trong 16 ngdy, sau dd miu dUpc dem di kilm tra cac chi tilu vi sinh vdt.
Bang 7. Anh hUdng ciia ty If pho'i chtf 16 hoi/nUdc hvtdi dtfn chfi't Ii^^ng san p h a m
T;^ 1$ 10 h^i/nuAc budn Nhin x£t elm quan Dilm cdm quan
1/10 Nude miu ving nhgt, milng nha dam gidn, hoi nhilu nha dam 1/20 Nu&c mdu vdng nhgt, milng nha dam gidn, huong vj hdi hda 1/30 Nud^c mdu vdng nh^t, mling nha dam gidn, hoi It nha dam Ghi chti: NhQng BO cdcOngchSs^mu trong c^g c^t th]khongkh£c nhau clmtic f nghia a = 5%.
NghiSn cii'u quy trlnh c h i biln d l uing tir b u l l vd 10 hOI
Bang 8. Tong stf vi sinh vf t hitfu k h i t r o n g mfiu nifdc b d d i Id h f i Ch[ tilu vl sinh s l lupng t l bdo (CFU/ml) E.cdi
Nim men Nim mdc
Ting sl vl sinh vii hilu khi
Ktft qua bang 8 cho thtfy td't ca cdc miu diu khdng cd m^t E.coli, ntfm men, nfl'm mtfc, vd lupng vi sinh v^t hitfu khf ting stf nim trong phgm vi cho phip theo TCVN 5042 - 1994 dtfi vii cdc logi nulc ddng chai (< 10' ttf bdo/ml).
4. KET L U A N
Bulc diu dd xdy dung dUpc quy trinh chtf bitfn dl utfng td buli vd II hfi, hai logi nguyin lifu chda rd't nhilu hpp chd't c l hoat tfnh sinh hgc cao, d lpi cho sdc khie. Chtf dl xii IJ nhift thich hdp cho 16 hfi Id chin trong nulc b QCfC trong 5 phut, sau d l ngdm gel trong CaClj 1,5%
trong 60 phut. Chtf dp xii IJ buli thich hpp Id chin trong NaOH 1% trong 30s, 5 nhift dp 75''C.
Dilu kien thich hdp cho hoat tfnh ciia chtf phim enzyme pectinex Ultra-SPL nhAm tflng hifu qua thu hoi dich bUdi Id nong dp enzyme 0,03%
so vii khoi lUdng dich qua, nhift dp xd IJ 40''C, trong 60 phut. Ty If Id hpi/nUlc buli Id 1/20. Ktft qua nghiin cdu ndy ml ra tilm nflng cho vifc san xud't d l utfng chdc nfing td budi vd Id hpi.
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