Ldm sinh
J NHCTVG GIA TRI BAO TON CAO TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN - VAN HOA DONG NAI
T r l n Van Miii', Pham Xuan Hoan^ Bui Dux Dan^ T r l n Thi Ngoan^
NCS. KBT thien nhien-vdn hoa Dong Nai PGS. TS. Truang Dgti hoc Ldm nghiep
GV. Trucmg Dai hgc Ldm nghiep, Ca sd 2-Trdng Bom, Dong Nai
TOM TAT
Nghien ciiu du^jrc th\rc hi?n bang each tiep can va vgn dung cac phuang phap cua Hoi dong quan tri rimg the gioi trong viec kiem chiing, danh gia rimg co gia tri bao t6n cao (HCVF) theo bp cong cu ciia WWF, 2008 tai Khu bao ton thien nhien-van hoa Dong Nai. Ket qua nghien cuu bao gom vi^c nhan difn, kiem chiing va danh gia cac HCVF tai tai cac khu rimg d^i dien cho hai phan khu bAo v? nghiem ng$t va phuc hoi sinh thai. Tai phin khu bao v$ nghiem ngat, ca 6 HCVF deu h i ^ huu va da dugc kiem chiing, danh gia. Tuy nhien, tai phSn khu nay, con mgt so thugc tfnh va chi so chua dap iing dugc mgt each diy dii cac yeu cau ciia mgt HCVF.
Tuong tu, tai phan khu phyc h6i sinh thai, chi co 4/6 gia trj bao t6n cao hi|n hftu va nhi6u thuoc tinh, chi so khong dap iing dugc yeu ciu. Mgt ket qua quan trgng la tai HCVF6 trong khu bao t6n c3n dugc bo sung them chi so moi la cac gia tri ve di tich Hch sir ma trong b^ cong cy ciia WWF, 2008 chua dugc de cap t6i. Ket qua nghien ciiu con xac dinh vk phan tich dugc cac nguy co tac dgng xSu toi cac HCVF va dua ra nhimg gidi phap chien lugc bao ton va phat trien tai nguyen riing tai khu vuc nghien ciiu.
Tir khoa: Bdo vf nghiim ngat, gid trj bao t^n cao, khu bdo ton, phuc hoi sinh thdL I. DAT VAN DE
Khu bao ton Thien nhien - Van hoa Dong Nai (dudi day vih tat la KBT) la ten gpi theo Quyet dinh so 2280/QD-UBND ciia Uy han Nhan dan tinh D6ng Nai nam 2010. Tien than cua KBT la Khu Du trft thien nhien Vinh Cuu dugc thanh lap tren ca so chuyen muc dich su dung tu rung va dkx rimg san xuat. Theo Quyet dinh nay, toan bo cac lam phan ciia ba lam trucmg Hi^u Liem, Ma Da va VTnh An da duac sap nhap lai. Qua nhieu lan doi ten va ma rpng qui mo, dien tich BCBT dang quan ly la 97.152 ha.
Xet ve mat qudn ly, rimg trong KBT thupc d6i tupng rimg dac dung. Tuy nhien, ket qua danh gia ban dau cho thay phan lan dien tich dupc quy ho^ch cho muc dich bao ton chua dap ung dupc tieu chi ciia rimg dac dyng.
NhiJng gia tri bao ton cua rung con ban ehe, rirag t\r nhien trong KBT chu yeu la rirag thii sinh ngheo. Thieu nhimg hieu biet trong viec nhan dien nhiing gia tri bao t6n mpt each khoa hpc va tren thuc te la chua co bat ky mpt danh
sia kilm chiing nao vg nhihig gia tri bao t6n i„^ri:D- • -^u- .-
&'" * o D . HCVF: Rung co gia tn bao ton cao TJ^V CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
cao tai KBT sau khi chuyen doi muc dich quan ly rimg. Nhung gid tri ndo cdn duac bdo ton trong cdc he sinh thdi rimg cua KBT? la cau hoi dupc tra \b\ trong nghi&n ciiu nay.
n. Myc TIEU, PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Myc tieu nghien cuu la nhan dien va kiem chiing, danh gia nhung HCV hi?n co ciia mpt so quan xa th\rc vat rimg (QXTVR) lam co sd cho viec de xuat nhiing gidi phap q u ^ ly, phat trien rirng tai KBT.
De dat dupc miic tieu tren, cac npi dung nghi6n ciiu chinh dupc xac dinh nhu sau: i) Nhan difn cac gid tri bao ton cao cua rimg (HCVF)' tai KBT; ii) KiSm chiing va danh gia cac HCV tai KBT; iii) Xac dinh va danh gia cac nguy ca tac dpng xau toi cac HCVF va dh xuat cac giai phap chien lupc tiem nang nhim bao t6n va phat triSn cac HCVF tai KBT. D6i tuong nghien ciiu la cac QXTVR tu nhien dai dien cho phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat (BVNN) va phan khu phuc h6i sinh thai (PHST).
27
Ldm sinh
Phuang phap nghien cuu bao gom: i) Ke thira co chpn lpc cac tu lieu co lien quan; ii) Ap dung bp cong cy nhan dien va Idem chiing, danh gia cac HCVF cua WWF, 2008. Cu th§, CO 6 gia tri HCVF va m6i mot HCVF co mpt s6 thupc tinh (vi du: HCVF 1.1, HCVF 1.2...) va trong moi thupc tinh do se co cac *'yeu to"
la cac chi so the hien (vi du HCVF 1.1.1, HCVF 1.1.2...). D6i vdi HCVF co cac cau hoi dat ra khi danh gia xem HCVF co tdn tai hay khdng. Cac cau tra lai 'cd/khdng' giiip ngudi sir dung quyet dinh xem HCVF nao hien hiiu trong khu rimg dd. iii) Su dung phuang phap
"ddnh gid diiy dii" ciia bd cdng cu HCVF ciia ProForest d^ xdc dinh chinh xdc HCVF nao hi?n hihi va d dau trong moi ddi tupng nghien ciju..iv) Sii dung cdng cp PRA: Phdng van ban djnh hudng. Doi tupng phdng van la cac nha qudn ly KBT, lanh dao thdn, xa; kiem lam;
ngudi dan song trong KBT. Thu thap thdng tin qua khdo sdt thj trudng, qua cdc k^nh tieu thu vd thdfi vu... ciia cdc ldm san) Phuang phap nghien ciiu kiem chiing va danh gid HCVFs dupc dp dung bp cong cu kiem chiing HCVFs theo tieu chudn FSC. Danh gia bang diem cho cac gia tri HCVF gdm ba budc: trong phdng, hifn truang va tham van chuyen gia. Diem cho mdi thu^c tinh dupc xem Id HCVF cd nguong thap nhat la 6 diem, diem cao nhat cho moi HCVF la 10 diem; neu thudc tinh hay chi sd nao dudi 6 diem thi HCVF dd khong ton tai. Di6m binh qudn dupc dirng de danh gid cho HCVF do.
in. K^T QUA NGHIEN CUtJ, THAO LU-iN 3.1. Ket qui nhan dien nhirag gia tri bao ton cao trong KBT
Trong bp nguyen tdc cua Hdi ddng qudn tri rimg thi gidi (FSC), nguyen tic sd 9 la Duy tri cdc khu rimg co gid tri bdo ton cao (HCVF) la mpt nguyen tdc bat bupc trong qudn ly riing ben virag. Tai Vift Nam, bd cdng cu nham ho trp cho vifc nhdn biet va kiem chiing cac
HCVF dupc WWF va Quy bdo ton tu nhien ^ (TNC) phdt tnhn tu nam 2004, qua cdc dpt kilm chiing din nam 2008, bp cdng cu nay dupc hoan thifn. Nhimg HCVF dudi day da dupc dilu tra, nhan bilt tai KBT dupc ap dung (heo bp cdng cu nay.
3.1.1. Nhirng gid tri bdo ton cao tgi phdn khu bdo ve nghiem nggt (BVNN)
a. HCVFl: Rirng chira dung cdc gid tri da dang sinh hoc.
Q gia tri nay, cd 4 thupc tinh: i) La rimg d|c dung; ii) Cd cac loai hi de dpa; iii) Cd cdc loai dac huu va iv) Co cdc cdng dung quan trpng dieo thdi gian deu dupc nhan bilt vd cd cac mmh chiing cu the. Ddi vdi HCVFl, cd nhilu loai dpng thuc vat dupc lift ke ndm trong danh muc cac loai bi de dpa va nguy cdp trong do co mdt sd loai dac hihi bi de dpa. Rimg cdn la ngudn cung cdp thiic an cho cdc dpng vat di cu va chiia dung cdc gid tri da dang sinh hpc cap qudc gia. Tuy nhien, trong 4 thupc tinh ndy chi cd 5/11 chi sd dupc xac nhan.
b. HCVF2: Rung d p canh quan ldn cd y nghia qudc gia, khu vuc hoac todn cau nam trong hoac bao gdm cdc dan vi qudn ly rimg nai ma nhieu quan xa ciia hau het neu khdng phai la tat cd cdc lodi xuat hifn tdn tai trong nhiing mdu chudn ty nhien.
Gid tri nay cd 4 thupc tinh vd khong cd cac chi sd. Cy the: i) La mdt phdn cua dai rimg lien tuc; ii) Rimg gan nhu chua bi tdc dpng; iii) Rimg rdng hon l.OOOha vd iv). Cd mpt quln the loai trpng yeu hay khdng? Qua khao sat, co 3/4 thupc tinh dupc nhan difn; thupc tinh
"rimg gdn nhu chua hi tdc dgng " khdng thda man dupc HCVF nay.
c. HCVFS: Rimg thudc vl ho?c gdm nhihig HST hiem, dang hi de dpa hay nguy cap.
Gid tri nay co 2 thupc tinh: i) Cd kilu rimg nao dupc lift ke dual day dupc tim thdy tai 28 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIfP SO 3 - 2014
Ldm sinh khu vyc?^; ii) Kilu rirag dd cd dac trung cho
khu vuc hay khdng?. Cd hai thudc tinh tren diu dupc nhdn dang va cd dan chiing tai KBT la HST rimg cdy Id rgng thuang xanh tren ddt thdp vd Id HST d|c trung cho KBT.
d. HCVF4: Rimg cung c ^ cac dich vy ca ban ciia ty nhien trong nhung tinh huong quan trpng.
HCVF4 cd 2 thupc tinh: thii nhat la ddng vai tro quan trpng trong duy tri va dieu tiet nguon nudc cho sinh boat vd tudi tieu; thupc tinh nay co 1/3 chi s6 dupc nhan dien la HCVF trong khu vuc n^ien cuu. Thii hai la phdng chdng sat Id ddt, lii quet, xdi mdn, gid bao, boi lang va phdng hd ven biSn; thuoc tinh nay ciing chi cd 1/3 chi so dupc coi la hifn huu HCVF. Dan chiing la cpng ddng dan cu sinh song gan khu rung su dung tren 90% nhu cau nuac cho sinh hoat, tuoi tieu tu ngudn sinh thuy trong khu riing nay.
e. HCVFS: Rimg ddng vai trd nen tang trong viec d ^ ling cac nhu can co bdn ciia cdng dong.
Gid tri HCVFS co 3 thupc tinh va cac thupc tinh ndy dupc xdc dinh dya tren vifc trd ldi 3 cdu hdi: i) Co cac cdng ddng dang sinh sdng trong hoac gan rung hay khdng?; ii) Nhiing cpng ddng nay cd sii dung rimg de dap iing nhimg nhu cdu ca bdn ciia hp khong? va iii) Nhung nhu cau dd cd Id nen tdng ddi vdi CD hay khdng?. Kit qua xdc dinh dupc cd 3 thupc tinh nay deu hien hihi trong KBT.
f. HCVF6. Rimg ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec nhgn dien vdn hoa truyen thong'' cua cpng dong dia phuang.
•* 1. Rimg la kim thuSn loai tu nhien; 2. Rimg h6n giao la rgng, la kim t^ nhien; 3. Rimg tren mii da voi; 4. HST dat ngap nuoc; 5. Rimg ngap man; 6. Riing thuang xanh tren viing dit thSp; 7. Rimg khgp; 8. Rimg ban thuimg xanh (nua rung la); 9. Rimg chuySn t i ^ tu tfauong xanh va ban thucmg xanh; 10. Rirag lim; 11. Rii gai va 12.
Rimg reu
^ Theo FSC, nhu cdu nin ldng la nhu cau ma rung dong gop tii 15-20% thu nh|p ho|c thyc phim thucmg ngay cua cgng ddng; ho§c la nhu cau n^u bi mSt se tac dgng d€n nh?n di?n van hoa cik hg.^
* Nhan di^n vSn hoa truyen thong; Van hoa vat the nhu d^n th6, nha m6, nhi ciia, d6 d^c, trang phgc...V5n hoa phi v$t the nhu ll h$i, tin ngudng, tho ca, trucmg ca, truyen thuySt, digu mua, luat tyc, kien thiic ban dja...
Ddy Id mdt gia tri cd 3 thudc tinh va tra ldi 3 can hdi: i) Cd cpng ddng nao sdng trong hay gdn khu rimg hay khong?; ii) Hp cd sii dyng rimg cho muc dich nhan dien van hda cua hp hay khong? vd iii) Khu rung nay cd quan trpng trong viec nh$n dien van hda hay khdng?. Cd 3 thupc tinh nay deu dupc xac dinh la hien hihi trong KBT. HCVF6 ciing thilt ylu nhu ddi vdi sinh ke va su ton tai ciia dan ban dia, riing la noi hinh thanh vd luu giii nhihig gid tri de nhdn dien van hda truyen thdng cua nguoi Cho ro.
3.1.2, Nhiing gid tri bdo ton cao tgi phdn khu phuc hdi sinh thdi (PHST)
Rutng tai phan Idiu PHST chi cd 4/6 cac gja tn duoc xac dinh Id ^ tai cdc HCVF. Clu tiie Id cdc gjd tri HCVFl, HCVF4, HCVFS va HCVF6 dupc xdc nhan Id cd cdc gid tri bdo ton cao hien huu, Tuy nhien, d mdi gid tri nay cac thupc tinh va cac chi sd cd sy khac biet Ci HCVFl, chi cd 3/4 tiiupc tinh va 4/11 chi so dupc xac nhan; HCVF4 mac dii xac nhan cd 2 thudc tinh nhung chi cd 2/6 chi so ciia cac thupc tmh do dupc coi la hifn hiiu. Ddi vdi HCVFS va HCVF6, diu dupc xac nh|n cd cdc gid tri cao.
Tai phan khu PHST, cd hai gia tri bdo tdn khdng hifn hihi dd la HCVF2 va HCVF3. 6 gid tri HCVF2, rimg da bj tac ddng manh so vai cdc khu rung khdc trong khu vyc. Td hpp rung Id rirag tu nhien ngheo, rimg phuc hdi va rung trong...do dd, gid tri nay khdng tdn t^i.
Tuong tu, d gia tri HCVF3 khdng dupc coi la rung cd gid tri bdo tdn cao do khong the hifn rd la vimg sinh cdnh da dang, phong phii. Cdc he smh thdi rimg d khu vuc nghien cim khdng dupc coi la dac tnmg cho khu vuc nghien cihi.
Tai phdn khu PHST, cdc gid tri HCVFS;
HCVF6 dupc coi la quan trpng nhdt, ddi vdi cpng ddng noi ma vifc phat huy nhiing sdn phdm dupc ldm tir LSNG bang kien thiic dia phuong tao ra nhiing sdn phdm mang dam bdn sdc van hda rieng ciia ngudi Cha ro trong KBT.
3.2. Ket qua kiem chirng va danh gia nhirng gia tri bao tfin cao trong KBT
3.2.1. Kit qua kiem chung vd ddnh gid cdc HCVF tgi phan khu BVNN
a. HCVFl
T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014 29
Lam sinh
Bang 1. Kiim chirng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFl tgi phdn khu BVNN
Kilm chung Ddnh gia
TP HT TV TB 1.1.1. La rimg dac dung da cong nhan
1.2.1. C6 nhieu loai trong sach dd VN 1.3.1. Cd 1 loai d|c hihi bi de dpa 1.4.1. Co ngudn thuc an/ddt ngap mrdc, cac QX di cu hien hihi...
Theo QD sd 2280/QD- UBND va bdn dd qui hoach 3 loai riing
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dilu tra bd sung nam 2011
Kit qua dieu tra 2007-2009 va dilu tra bo sung nam 2011
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dilu tra bd sung nam 20 U va
ket qua dieu tra phong van. Trung binh 8,5 Ghi chu: TP: trong phdng; HT: hien trudng; TV: tham vdn chuyen gia vd TB: trung binh
Ket qud dieu tra cho thdy, HCVFl co chiia dung cdc lodi nguy cap va nam trong Sdch dd (2007) deu cd so lupng giam siit; 70% thuc vat qui hiem deu cd qud trinh tdi sinh tdt nhu cdc loai Go dd, Sao dau. Mat nhdn, Thdn p h y c . . . D i l m trung binh cho HCVFl la 8/10;
mac dil vupt n g u a n g gidfi han cua HCV nhung d moi thupc tinh mdi chi cd mot yen to ddp ling dupc yeu cau. Su thieu hut nay cdn d u a c khdc phuc trong qua trinh quan ly rung ciia KBT.
b. HCVF2
BStngl. Kiem chu-ng vd ddnh gid edc gid tri HCVF2 tgi phdn khu BVNN
Ylu tl/Chi s Kiem chirng Danh gia
TP HT TV TB 2.1. La 1 phan cua dai rung lien tuc
2.3. To hpp riing co difn tich rgng tren 1 .OOOha.
2.4. Co cjuan the Ioai trpng yeu...
Ban do Men trang nam 2012 va Tai lieu "Tiem nang va phat trien" ciia KBT nam 2012
Ban do hien trang 2012 va phan chia theo 3 loai riing ciia KBT nam 2012
Bao cao tai nguy6n dgng thuc vat ciia
KBT nam 2011 Trung binh 8,6
Day la phan khu BVNN nen tai khu vyc nghien ciru cd 4 tram Kiem lam: Sudi Cop, Trung uong Cyc, Dakin va Rang Rang; rimg it bi tdc dpng; qudn thS lodi trpng y l u dupc ghi nhan la cdc qudn the Sao dau, Bd tdt (phan tuoi va vet chdn nhieu). Nhu vdy, cd thi ghi nhdn
Bang 3. Kiem chdng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu BVNN ddy Id rimg cd gid tri cap cdnh quan lon cd y nghia qudc gia; chua dung cac lodi xudt hien trong nhimg mdu chudn ty nhien ciia ning mien Ddng Nam bd.
c. HCVF3
Ylu tl/Chi so Kiem chirng Ddnh gid
3.1. Cd kiSu rimg kin thudng xanh Bao cao tai nguygn dpng tiiyc vat tren vimg ddt thdp. (Xem footnote 1) nam 2011 va kilm chung tiiyc dia
3.2. Kieu rimg tren ddc tnmg cho Bao cdo tai nguyen dpng thyc vat khu vyc nghien cuu nam2011 va kilm chiing tiiyc dia
TP 10 10
HT 10 10
TV 10 10
TB 10 10 Tnmg binh 30 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014
Ldm sinh
HCVF3 tai day Id mdt trong nhiing gid tri dupc kiem chiing va ddnh gid Id HST con sdt bao tdn cao dap iing dupc cdc yeu cdu theo bd lai trong KBT va ciing la HST dac tnmg cua cdng cu ciia W W F (2008) d tdt cd cdc chi sd. Ddng Nam bp.
HST rimg kin thucmg xanh tren viing ddt thdp ^ HCVF4
Bang 4. Kiim chimg vd ddnh gid cde gid tri HCVF4 tgi phan khu B VNN
•^TA k. , X T."* 1.' Ddnh gia Y^u t6/Chi s6 Kiem chirag — ~—^—^ig- 4.1.1. Rimg duoc xdc djnh la Ban dd hifn trang rimg va ddt LN ~ I I ~ rimg phdng hp O^PH) ciia KBT phdn chia theo 3 lo^i rimg 2012
4.2.1. Dien tich rimg dupc Ban dd hifn trang rung va ddt LN 9 8 9 9 cpng ddng (CD) qui djnh la RPH phan chia theo 3 loai rimg 2012; Kit . , , „ . hoac dupc CD bao ve. qua phdng vdn. ^ '
HCVF4 CO vai tro duy tri, dieu tiet cho ca ho Tri An va m^t phdn luu virc ngudn nuac va phong chdng sat la m quet song Ddng Nai. Nhu vay, HCVF4 co gia tri , - „ . „ - dich vy mdi trudne va dang duoc bao ve, phat cho khong cm cpng dong dan cu thuoc xa , ' x o . Ma Da va dugc cpng dong bao ve ma con g HCVFS
Bang 5. Kiim ehung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFl tgi phdn khu B VNN A A , A .,.x . , Ddnh fiia Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chirag - ^ z ; ^ — — :^ ™—
„ , ^, . ^ „ • . A , . Bao cao dieu kien tu nhien va KT-
5.1 Co cac CD s.nh song ben x H nam 2011; K6t qua d i k tra hiSn 9 9 9 9 trong hoac gan nmg tmong.
^ .. ^.^ . , , *J . • Bao cao diku kien tir nhien va KT-
5.2. C B s u d w i g nmg de dap ^ ^ j _ ^ 2011; K8t qua dieu tra hi?n 8 8 8 8 ung cac nhu cau ca ban tnrcme
^ , „ , , X . ,, , X Bao cao kinh t l dia phuong va van l i l t 5.3. Cac nhu cau tren la nhu cau • .! . . ^^, f ^^ hoa cua nguai dan (2U11) va ket qua _ „ui„i, o .^n<d.gcuaCB(xemfootnote2) ^ a o sat Men tnrong Tnmgbmh 8 KSt qua kilm chiing va danh gia tren chat ehe vao tai nguyen rimg va no dugc cho thiy mac du da co nhOng thay d6i lon «*>* gia la mot trong nhung nhu c k nSn , , , . , . tang cua cong dong trong KBT; dac bi?t la trong hmh thuc quan ly rung, nhmig t?i day ^^^ ^ , ^ ^ . ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^
c§ng dfing dan cu vin co su phu thuoc kha r jiryps
Bang 6. Kiim chung va ddnh gia cdc gid trj HCVF6 tai phan khuB VNN
Y^u to/Chi so Kiem chiing
Banh gi4 TP HT TV TB 6.1. Co CD sinh sdng bSn trong hay gan
khu vvc nghien cuu 3 ^ ^ ^^^ KT-XH dia 6.2. CD su dung rung cho muc dich nhan phmmg va van hoa ngucri dan, dien van hoa cua ho (xem footnote 3). 2011. Dir an phat tri6n KBT
' . den nam 2020. Ket qua dieu 6.3. Khu rimg co vai tio quan trpng tra hien tnrong
trong viec nhan djng van hoa cua CB Tnmg binh 7,3 T A P C H I K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3 - 2014 31
Ldm sinh
Gia n i HCVF6 dupc kilm chiing ro net nhat thdng qua cdc le hpi, ngdn ngii, trang phuc va cac sdn pham ttr rimg dupc Iim truyen, ket tinh thdnh tinh hoa van hoa cua nguoi Cha ro. Hien t^i, nguoi biet den nhung gia tri van hda (cd vdt the va phi v^t thi) khdng nhieu, chii yeu la
nhiing ngudi cao tudi. Ddy ciing dupc coi la*
mdt HCFV cd nguy c a bi mai mpt vi diem danh gid gdn voi nguong thdp nhdt la 6/10 theo tieu chi danh gid ciia WWF, 2008.
3.2.2. Kit qud kiem chung vd ddnh gid cdc HCVF tgi phdn khu PHST
a. HCVFl
Bang 7. Kiim chung vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFl tgi phdn khu PHST
Yeu to/Chi so Kiem chung Banh gid
HT TV TB 1.2.1. Co nhieu lodi trong
sach do VN
1.3.1. Co 1 loai dac hiru bide dpa
1.4.1. Co n g u ^ thiic an/dat nggp nudc, cac QX di cu hiai huu...
1.4.2. NhOng tai nguyen tren rat quan trpng vdi sy ton tai cua cdc qudn thi hay QX sinh hpc trong khu vyc
Ket qua dieu tra 2007-2009 va dieu tra bo sung nam 2011
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dieu tra bd sung nam 2011
Kit qua dilu tra 2007-2009 va dieu tra bo sung nam 2011 va ket qua dieu tra phong van nam 2012.
Kit qua dieu tra bo sung, phong • van can bp, nguoi dan dia phuong va
cac bao cao luu tai KBT Trung binh 6,2 K6t qud kilm chiing va ddnh gid tren cho
thdy nhihig gia tri HCVFl cua phdn khu PHST da d nguang thap nhdt theo qui dinh ciia WWF, 2008. Cd 4/10 ylu td dupc kilm chiing va cd 4 yeu td deu dupc danh gid d miic dudi
va vira dat nguang tdi thieu. Day la mpt thach thiic ldn doi vai viec phuc hdi vd bao tdn cac thudc tinh ciia gia tri nay.
b. HCVF2
BangS. £/em chirng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVF2 tgi phan khu PHST
Yeu t6/Chi sl Kiem chiing Bdnh gid
HT TV TB 2.1. La 1 phan ciia dai rimg lien
2.4. Co quan the loai trpng yeu
Ban do hien trang nam 2012 va Tdi lieu "Tiem nang va phat trien" cua KBT nam 2012
Bao cao tai nguyen dpng thuc vat ciia
KBT nam 2011 Trung binh 6,5
So voi phan khu BVNN, a ddy gia tri 5/10. Nhu vdy, khu v\rc nay HCVF2 khdng HCVF2 chi cd 2/4 thudc tinh dupc ghi nhdn thuc sir tdn tai.
nhung qua ddnh gia chi cd 1 chi sd dat gia tri c. HCVFS
Bang 9. Kiim chumg vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST
Yeu tl/Chi so Kiem chung Bdnh gid
TP HT TV TB 3.1. Co kieu riing kin thuong Bao cao tai nguyen ddng thuc
xanh tren vung ddt thdp. (Xem vat nam 2011 va kilm chiing thuc dia
footoote 1)
3.2. Kieu rung tren dac trung cho khu vuc nghien ciiu
Bao cao tai nguyen dpng thuc vat nam 2011 va kiem chiing fliuc dia
5,6 Tnmg binh 6,8 32 TAP CHI K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S 6 3 - 2014
Ldm sinh
HCVF3 tai day la mdt trong nhiing gjd tri tren viing ddt thdp dupc kiem chiing va danh bao tdn cao dap iing dupe 1/2 yeu cdu theo bd gid la HST da hi tdc dpng manh va khong phai cong cu cua W W F (2008) va cd chi sd dudi 6 la k i l u rimg dac trung cho KBT.
d i l m khi danh gid. HST rimg kin thtrdng xanh d. HCVF4
Bang 10. Kiem chumg vd ddnh gid cdc gid triHCVF4 tgi phdn khu PHST Ylu t6/Chi s l Kiem chirng
Ddnh gia TP HT TV 4.1.1. Rimg dupc xac dinh la Ban dd hien trang ning va dat LN
riing phdng hp (RPH) ciia KBT phan chia theo 3 bai riing 2012
4.2.1. Dien tich rung dupc cong Ban do hien trang riing va ddt 9 ddng (CD) qui dinh Id RPH hoac LN phan chia theo 3 loai rung
dupc CD bdo ve. 2012; Kit qua phdng vdn. Tmng binh 9 HCVF4 cd vai trd duy tri, d i l u t i l t ngudn Ddng Nai, cung cdp nudc cho cd cdc khu cdng nudc va phdng chdng sat Id lu quet cho cpng nghiep trong va xung quanh khu vuc tinh Ddng ddng dan cu thupc xa Phii Ly va dupc cpng Nai, hd thuy dien Tri An...
dong bdo ve. Nhu vdy, HCVF4 cd gia tri djch HCVF5 Vll mdi truang diSu hda ngudn nudc cho sdng
Bdng 11. Kiem chung vd ddnh gid cde gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST
Yeu to/Chi so ^.A . , Ddnh gia
Kiem chimg -==r——=; ^ , ,
= XI> M T X V TP 9
9 9
HT 9 9 9
TV 9 9 9
TB 9 9 9 5.1. Cd cdc CD sinh song ben Bao cdo dieu kien tu nhien va KT-XH
trong hoac gan rimg nam 2011; Ket qua dieu tra hi?n tmong..
5.2. CD sir dung rimg de dap Bao cdo dieu kien tu nhien va KT-XH ling cac nhu cau ca bdn ndm 2011; Kit qua dilu tra hien trudng..
5.3. Cac nhu cau tren la nhu cdu Bao cdo kinh ^ dia phuang va van hoa ciia
n^n fang cua CD (xem footnote 2) ngii6idan(2011)vdkltquaMiaosat hlgntrudng Trung binh 9 Gia tri HCVF5 dupc danh gid la mpt trong frpng ciia tai nguydn rung tai phdn khu PHST nhihig HCV quan trpng tai phdn khu PHST. ddi voi cpng ddng cao hon so vdi a phan khu Ket qud k i l m chung cho thdy gid tri ndy hien BVNN. Day la mpt gid tri cdn dupc d?c biet huu d cd 3 chi sd va d i l m sd ddnh gid kha cao chii y trong cdng tac phdt triin vd quan Iy rimg la 9/10 (frong khi a phdn khu BVNN d i l m tai phan khu PHST frong KBT.
danh gid la 8/10). Dieu nay cho thdy tam quan / HCVF
Bdng 12. Kiem chdng vd ddnh gid cdc gid tri HCVFS tgi phdn khu PHST Bdnh gid Y I U to/Chi s6 Kiem chiing
6.1. Co CD sinh song ben frong ~ hay gdn khu vuc nghien cuu
6.2. CD sii dyng rung cho myc Bao cdo KT-XH dia phuong va dich nhgn diin vdn hoa cua hp (xem van hda ngudi ddn, 2011. Du an phat 8 footnote 3)^ triin KBT din nam 2020. Ket qud
6.3. Khu rtaig cd vai fro quan dilu fra hifin trucmg frpng frong viec nh^n d^ng van hoa
. ^ n Trung binh 9 cua CD ^ ^
T ^ P C H I K H O A H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3 - 2014 33 TP
9 8 9
HT 9 10 9
TV 10 10
9 TB
9 9 9
Ldm sinh
Cung nhu d phdn khu BVNN, tai phan khu PHST gid tri HCVF6 dupc kiem chung ro net nhdt thong qua cdc le hpi, ngdn ngii, frang phuc va cdc san phdm tir riing dupc luu truyen, ket tinh thanh tinh hoa van hda ciia cdc cdng dong sdng frong vimg. Vdi ket qud kiem chiing fren cho thdy HCVF6 la gia tri bdo tdn cao hien huu va dupc ddnh gid vdi diem trung binh dat 9/10. Dieu do cho thdy su phu thupc rdt chat ehe ciia cdng ddng dan cu vai riing de duy tri Cling nhu nhdn dien van hda cua hp. Tuy nhien, qua dieu fra cho thdy khu vuc nay cdn cd mpt gid tri khdc md frong bp cdng cu ciia WWW (2008) chua d l xudt dd Id gid tri lich
Bdng 13. Xdc djnh cdc moi de dga doi
sur-vdn hoa. Tai ddy, khu di tich lich sii^
Trung uang cue m i l n Nam dupc thdnh lap thdi ky 1961-1962 va tror thdnh "ddu nao" lanh dgo cdch mang frong khdng chien chong My, noi ndm fren con duomg Hd Chi Minh huyin thoai va gan lien vdi bao s\r kien, chi6n cdng gdp phdn to lon vdo cdng cupc gidi phdng miln Nam nam 1975. Ngay nay, dia danh ndy frd thdnh mpt di tich van hda vat thS cdp qudc gia da dupc Bp Van hda-Thong tin cdng nh§n ngdy 19-1-2004.
3 3 . Danh gia cdc m6i de doa toi nhihig gid tri bdo t^n cao va de xuat chien luig^c tiim nang trong KBT
vdi ede HCVF vd gidi phdp khac phge
Gid trj Cac moi de dga chung Gidi phdp
- San bat ca va DV riing (tii Binh Phudc).
- Xay dung dudng sa vao TW cue.
- Khai thac frai phep gd vd LSNG
- Tai khu PHST cd cdc hogt dpng xdy dung cdc mo hinh san xuit ndng lam n ^ g i , dua cay n h ^ npi vao (Keo, Tich, Bach dan...)
- Cac hoat dpng khai hoang, lam ray, frdng rimg sdn xuat viing giap ranh KBT
- Md cac tuyen dudng vdo khu du ljch
- Khai thac go va LSNG lam thay ddi ket cau kieu rimg thudng xanh vimg ddt thdp.
- Khai hoang d phan khu PHST - Han hdn frong mua kho va bi^n ddi khi h|u
- Cau tnic riing bi tac d^ng lam gidm hieu nang phong hp;
giam cac gJd trj djch vu mdi trudng ciia rimg
- Khai thac LSNG theo kifiu tdn di?t, tdi nguy6n mat kha nang tu phuc hoi
- Mdt dan he thdng kien thiic ban dia frong khai thac va su dyng ben vimg tai nguyen rimg cua cpng dong
- Vat lieu thay thi LSNG nhu polime (day budc, rd ra...) hay vai det cdng nghiep...
- Di dan tu do lam tang dan sd ca hpc
- Su giao thoa van hda cd the Iam cho van hda tmyen flidng bj
thdng
• The he tre khdng quan tdm nhifiu tdi van hda tmyln
1. Tang cudng giao dye mdi trudng dya vao cpng ddng.
2. Tang cudng quan ly va nghiem cam cac hinh thiic san bat dpng vat va dimg xung difin, thuoc nd ddnhcd.
3. Quy hogch rimg va ddt rimg cho c^ng ddng san xuat nong-lam n g h i ^ nham bdo dam sinh kfi va giam thieu cdc xung dot lpi ich gifia sinh kl va bdo ton.
4. Gidi ban dupc qui mo phat trifin du ljch frong KBT dac bi^t la cac logi hinh du Hch sinh thai, du ljch tdm hnh va di tich ljch sii...frong phan khu PHST;
timg budc tinh todn cac gid tri djch vu mdi trucmg rimg frong KBT.
- Khdng cd hinh thiic bao tdn van hoa truyin thdng IV. K E T L U ^
Tai phan khu BVNN, da xdc dinh dupc cd 6 HCVF deu hipn hiiu, qua kiem chiing vd danh gid cho thdy gid tri HVCF3 dgt gid frj cao nhdt;
cdc HCVF1,2,4 5 dgt gid fri cao nhung van cdn thieu mpt sd cdc thupc tinh vd chi sd; frong khi do, HCVF6 dupc danh gid Id thap nhdt vd cd nhieu nguy ca gidm siit. Nhimg k i t qud fren 34 T A P c m K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M NGHIlIlP S O 3 - 2014
cho thdy mpt sir chua hodn chmh vl cdc gid tri bao tdn cao ciia KBT tai phan khu BVNN. Ddy la nhung thdch thiic ldn ttong cdng tac qudn ly rung hien nay.
Tai phan khu PHST, qua kilm chiing va ddnh gia hai gia fri HCVF2 va HCVF3 khdng tdn tai. CJ HCVF2, mac du dilm trung binh Id 6,5/10 nhung chi sd 2.4 chi dat gid tri 5. Tuang tu, HCVF3, dilm ddnh gid tmng binh 6,8/10 nhung chi s6 3.2 chi dat 5,6/10. Nhu vay, nhiing HCVF fren khdng tdn tai. Ben canh dd, d phan khu nay cho thdy HCVFl dupc danh gid dat 6,2/10 nghia la da can ke vdi ngudng mat gid tri bao tdn. Tuy nhien, a day cd HCVF4,5,6 dupc danh gia cao. Day la nhiing gid tri bdo tdn can dupc luu giii va phdt huy.
Cdc mdi de dpa tiem dn cd the ldm mat cdc HCVF tai KBT ciing da dupc xac djnh.
Nguyen nhan dan tdi van la cdc xung dot lpi ich giiia muc ti6u bao tdn cac gia tri ttr rung
Ldm sinh
vdi sinh ke ciia cpng ddng ddn cu xung quanh rimg. Qui hoach chi tiet; tang cudng giao due mdi trudng dua vao CD va tgo sinh kl cho ngudi dan dupc coi la nhung giai phdp tiim ndng frong bao ve va phdt trien cac HCVF tai KBT.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. CISDOMA (2009). Du dn qudn ly rimg co gid trf bdo ton cao. Tir lieu Dvr an.
2. KBT thien nhien van hoa D6ng Nai (2009). Danh luc dgng thtfc vdt rimg tgi KBT. Tai li?u lira tru KBT.
3. KBT thien nhien van hoa D6ng Nai (2012). Bdo cdo diiukihitu nhien, KTXHtgi KBT. Tai lieu Iim trii KBT.
4. KBT thien nhien van hoa Dong Nai (2012). Tiim ndng vdphdt trien. lk\ lieu luu trii KBT.
5. UBND tinh D6ng Nai (2008). Phe duyet kit qud rd sodt quy hoach quy hogch 3 logi rung Irin dia bdn tinh Ddng Nai. Tai lieu lmi hanh tai KBT.
6. WWF Chuang trinh Viet Nam ( 2008). Bp Cdng cu xdc dfnh rimg co gid trf bdo tdn cao Vift Nam. Hd Ngi.
HIGH CONSERVATION VALUES IN DONG NAI CULTURE NATURAL RESERVE
Tran Van Mui, Pham Xuan Hoan, Bui Due Dan, Tran Thi Ngoan SUMMARY
The research was carried out by applying and approach methods of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in verification and monitoring of high conservation value forest (HCVF) according to toolkit of WWF in 2008 at Dong Nai Culture- Nature Reserve (KBT). Research results include the identification, verification and assessment of HCVF. At forests are divided into two subdivisions including an area under strictly protected and an area for ecological restoration. In the zone under strict protection all six high conservation value forest (HCVF6) are existed, verified and assessed. However, in this zone, a number of attributes and indicators are unable to meet the requirements for a HCVF. Similarly, in ecological restoration subdivision, only 4/6 high conservation values high conservation values are present and many attributes, the index is unable to meet the requirements. An important result is in HCVF6 at conservation zones should be adding a new index, it is the value of historical which in the toolkit of the WWF in 2008 has not been mentioned. The study results also identify and analyze the risk of adverse impacts on the HCVF and provide solutions for conservation strategies and develop HCVF at Nature Reserve.
Keywords: Ecological restoration, high conservation value, nature Reserve, strictly protected.
Ngirdi phan bi@n Ng^y nhan bdi Ngfky phdn bi^n Ngdy quyet dfnh dang
PGS.TS. Hoang Van Sam 15/8/2014
22/8/2014 07/9/2014
T^P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 - 2014 35
