Nghien ciiu - Trao doi
Nang cao nhan thufc bao ve moi truang bien cho coiig dong Bac trung Bo va
Duyen Hai Trung Bo
O HOANG THONG
jr^equdn ly mdi trudng bien cd hieu qud, trudc het cdn dua vdo cdc
^H mcqng dong dang sinh sdng ven bien, ddo. Su tham gia cua cdng M.^^ dong vdo BVMT khdng chi tqo them nguon luc tqi ckd cko su ngkiep bdo ve mdi trudng (BVMT), md cdn la luc luong gidm sdt mdi trudng nhanh vd kieu qua, giup cko cdc ca quan qudn ly mdi trudng gidi quyet kip tkdi su d nkiim mdi trudng bien ngay tit khi mdi xudt kien.
Nhan thdc: Da cd nhung...
ban che
Nhin chung, tai nhieu dja phuang, cac cdng ddng ddn cu ven bidn it quan tam va hdu nhu khdng cd nhan thdc vd cdc van dd nhu BDKH hay cdc khai niem, phuong thdc vd quan ly long hap ddi bd (QLTHDB). 6 mOt so dia phuang da thirc hien cac chuong trinh QLTHDB nhu Thira Thidn Hud, Da Nang, Quang Nam,... cong ddng ddn cu budc ddu da cd bleu bidt nha't dinh vd QLTHDB; y thdc dupc vai trd, vi trf cua minh trong quan ly vung bd.
Viec trien khai cac chuong irinh QLTHDB tai mOt sd dia phuong midn Trung da gidp cho cdc cdng ddng dan cu ven bidn, ngu ddn nhan thdc dupc gia tri TN&MT vung bd, biet duoc tac hai cua viec khai thac tai nguydn qua mdc. Ttr dd da cd y thdc tham gia tfch cue cac chie'n dich lam sach bai bidn.
cdc phuong thdc danh bat thuy hai san mang tfnh hiiy diet da giam ban. Ngoai ra, cdng ddng dan cu ven bien cung da Iham gia lich circ vao cac hoat ddng tuydn truyen vd BVMT cung nhu BDKH.
Cac du an QLTHDB budc dau da cd nhung tac ddng tfch cue Idn nhdn thdc cua cdng ddng, nhung ve lau dai vdn can CO nhiing chuong trinh, kd hoach hanh dong bao dam sinh ke cho ngudi dan, cung nhu de cdng ddng nhin nhan dupe nhdng ich lai id cdc chuang trinh QLTH. Td dd cdng ddng se tham gia hidu qua cac boat ddng BVMT, tham gia vao cac chuong trinh hanh ddng, quydl sach cua QLTHDB lai dia phuong minh.
Va'n de nhan thdc vd tham gia cua cdng ddng trong cdc chuang trinh QLTHDB tai dia phuong cd y nghla quyet dinh de'n kdt qua cua cdc chuong
trinh, du an. Do dd, vide ndng cao nhan thdc cdng ddng ve cac vdn dd TN&MT ven bien la viec lam he't sdc can thidt va mang y nghia Idn.
Cdc chuong trinh QLTHDB tai mdt sd tinh ven bien khu vuc Bdc Trung Bd vd Duyen Hai Trung Bd da td chdc nhdm nang cao nhan thdc dudi nhieu hinh thdc nhu: Tdp budn, ndi chuyen tuydn truydn, phdn phat td roi, dp phi'ch, td tin, hdi thi kie'n thdc, cac dem van nghe, xay dung va chidu phim vd du dn trdn dai phat thanh va truyen binh tinh, thanh phd'.
Ngoai nhung boat ddng theo chu trinh QLTHDB, cdc du dn cung da cd mot sd cdc boat ddng khae nhdm tao co hpi tham gia va nang cao nhan thdc ciia cong ddng, cu the: To chdc cdc idp tap huan, dao tao nang cao nhdn thdc cdng ddng cho cac tuydn truydn vien, tao mang ludi de tham gia cac boat
Toi nguydn vg Mdi traong | K>1-Thing 5/2012 2 7
dOng tuydn truydn ndng cao nhdn thdc ve bao vd tai nguydn thidn nhien va mdi trucfng va tham gia thao luan, gdp y cho mOt s6' du thao van ban quan trong cua du an QLTHDB nhu chie'n luac, kc hoach hanh dOng thuc hien chidn lupc, ...
Vdi mOt sd tinh nhu: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Da Nang, Thda Thidn Hud, Quang Nam,... su nhdn thdc vd QLTH, phdt tridn bdn vung va BDKH ciia dai da so cOng ddng dan cu ven bien la thdp, ngudi ddn chi dupc tidp cdn thong qua cac hoat ddng cOng ddng nhu tudn Id bidn va hai dao, ngay mOi trudng thd gidi... dp diing tai dja ban sinh sO'ng (ndu co).
Nhdm dd'i tucmg nay chua duoc tham gia Idp ndng cao nhdn thdc, nhdn thdc dupc quydn va ngbla vu khi tham gia BVMT tai dia phuong minh.
Hdu hdt cac dja phuong ven bidn chua thuc sir chu trong vdn dd vd nhan thdc va tham gia cua cOng ddng trong cOng tac BVMT va phat tridn bdn vung ihig phd vdi BDKH. Cu thd, cac dja phuang chua co mdt co chd nhdt djnh dd ngudi dan co thd tham gia cOng lac BVMT lai dja phuong. Su tham gia ciia cOng ddng chu ydu thdng qua mdt sd du an, chuong trinh cua cdc td chdc phi chfnh phii thtrc hidn Iren dia ban. COng ddng tham gia sau c6 tdc dOng tfch cue, dem lai hieu qua cao cho cOng tac BVMT vd phdt tridn bdn viJng. Vi vay, cdn ddy manh hon nUa vide ndng cao nhdn thdc cOng ddng cung nhu tao didu kidn dd ngudi ddn cd the tham gia mdt each thidt thuc vao cdc hoat dOng BVMT tai dia phuong.
Nhin chung, dd'i vdi cdc dia phuong ven bidn mdi chi
chu irong ddn vide ndng cao nang lire, nhdn thdc cua bo may quan ty, cac td chuyCa vien chua chu trong trong vi&:
luyen truyen, tdp budn nhlm ndng cao nhan thdc cua cdng ddng. Song song vdi vide nang cao nang luc can bO, cdc c^p chfnh quydn cung nhu cdc co quan chdc nang chuyfin mdn cdn cd su quan tdm ban niia v^
vai tro, vj tri va c6 nhung co che lao didu kidn cho ngu^
dan ban dia co thd tham gia no cOng tdc BVMT.
Tai Soc Trang va Tra Vinh, hai dia phuong nay cd ddng bao ngudi Khmer chidm ty IS kha Idn, ngoai ra cdn co mdt s6 \\
cOng ddng ngudi Hoa. Nhi"
chung, ddi sO'ng cua ngucri dan lai dia phuong nay kha kh«
khan. Ngucri dan ft cd didu kie^
hoc hanh cung nhu duoc than gia cac dich vu y te; cham s6(
Stic khoe. TVinh do hoc v^vi 2 8 T°' nguyen va Moi traong | Kj 1 - Thing 5/2012
nhan thdc cua ngudi ddn noi chung la thd'p.
Theo ket qua khao sat tai 23 xa thuOc 7 buydn ven bidn tren dia ban hai tinh Sdc Trang va Tra Vinh thi, hdu nhu cdng dong dan cu ven bidn tai day khOng CO nhan thdc bay cd nhan thdc rdt mo bd vd cac vdn di vi BDKH va phat tridn bdn vung. Vide BVMT, thu gom rac thai ndi chung chi mang tfnh tu phat, khdng tao thanh he thO'ng va thdi quen dd'i vdi cdng ddng. Cdc hd gia dinh. cac ca sd kinh doanh, san xudt, chd bie'n nhd le hdu nhu khdng cd he thd'ng thu gom xu ly rdc thai, nudc thai.
Dd'i vdi cdc cOng ddng dan cu ven bien, khi sinh ke' cdn gap nhidu khd khan tbi ngudi dan vdn chua co su quan tam de'n van de BVMT. Viec nang cao nhdn thdc cdng ddng cdn phai tie'n hanh ddng thdi vdi cdc chuang trinh phat trien kinh te - xa bOi. Phdl trien kinh td khdng di ddi vdi BVMT se khdng dat dupc muc tidu phat trien bdn vung. Khi cdng ddng dan cu ven bidn nhdn thdc dupc nhung gid tri va Ipi ich cua cac ngudn tai nguyen ven bd; vai trd, vj tri va quyen loi cua minh; td dd hp se co nhdng hdnh ddng thidt thuc BVMT ngay tai cdp co sd cung nhu tham gia tfch cue ban vao cdc chuong trinh, du an vd mdi trudng ve phdt tridn ben viing dng phd vdi BDKH,...
O cdc tinh va dia phuong da trien khai QLTHDB thi ngudi idn da cd nhOng nhdn thu'c ban
ddu vd BVMT, QLTH cung nhu tdm quan trong cua vide bao ve phdl tridn TN&MT vung ven bidn ndi chung. Ngupc lai, ddi vdi ddng bao cdc ddn tdc ven bidn Tay Nam Bd thi vdn dd BVMT, QLTHDB, phdt trien ben vung dng phd BDKH la nhiing vdn dd chua thuc sir duoc quan tam. Td dd cho Ihdy sir cdn thidt tridn khai va nhdn rOng cdc mO hinh QLTHDB ra cac dia phuong khdc trdn loan bo dai ven bidn Viet Nam.
Viec tham gia cua cdng ddng trong cdc chuong trinh, du dn vd QLTHDB mang y nghla bet sdc quan trpng, quydt dinh de'n su thanh bai trong BVMT. Ngoai ra, khi nhdn thdc ciia cdng ddng dupc ndng cao, viec BVMT noi chung ciing nhu vung bd bidn ndi rieng se thudn Ipi hPn rat nhidu.
Chi'nh vi vay, ndng cao y thdc ciia cdng ddng la vdn dd bd't sdc cap bach.
Nang cao nhan thiic: Ncn tang cua thanh cong
Trudc nhdng kdt qua het sdc dang khfch Id tir cac chuang trinh QLTHDB tai cdc tinh khu vtrc Bdc Trung Bd va Duyen Hai Trung Bd va md hinh cdp co sd nhu md hinh Ran Trao, cdc nhd quan ly, cung nhu ban ngdnh cd Hdn quan cdn nghien cdn cdc md hinh nay de nhanh chdng md rdng, trien khai QLTH cho cac dia phuong khdc trong khu vuc.
O nudc ta, td cdc md hinh thirc td cho thd'y, nhdn thdc va su tham gia cua cdng ddng
trong QLTHDB rat cdn sir ung hd cua cac cdp chfnh quy^n.
Thanh Idp cdc id, nhdm tridn khai thuc hidn cac hoat ddng quan ly rui ro thidn lai dua vdo cOng ddng lai quan - buydn, phuong - xa - thi trdn ven bidn. Bien soan td budm, bang rOn, khdu hidu tuydn truydn cac vdn dd vd BVMT hudng tdi phdl tridn bdn vdng phu hpfp vdi ddc didm cua tdng nhdm cOng ddng ddn cu. To chdc cac Idp tdp hud'n va hudng ddn cho cdng ddng ddn cu. Ra sodt, xdy dung ke hoach quan ly va hoan thidn he thd'ng thdng tin vung bd. Tuydn truydn qua cac phucftg tidn truyen thdng dai chdng nhu bao, ddi, internet ddng thdi nang cao vai trd cua cac trang thdng tin didn tu trong boat dOng tuyen truyen, cap nhat thdng tin va thu thap y kidn phan hdi id cdng ddng.
Phd'i hop vdi cac ca quan, doan the td chu"c cac boat ddng, cdc cudc thi tim hidu va bie'n ke cdc giai phdp thie't thuc, hieu qua vd BVMT, BDKH, phat tridn bdn viing va cac chuong trinh QLTHDB (tao ra nhdn thdc budc ddu cho cdng ddng ve QLTHDB). Tao didu kidn de cdng ddng cd the tham gia vao cac boat ddng khdc nhau trong QLTHDB, nhu: Gdp y cho chinh sdch, chie'n lupc, kd hoach hanh ddng thuc hien chidn lupc QLTHDB,... thdng qua cdc cudc hpp Id'y y kien tham vdn td chdc d cdp co sd ma ddi tupng tham vd'n la dai dien cua cong ddng hoac thdng qua cac cudc phdng vdn d cdng ddng.B
Tai nguyen vg Moi traong | Kit 1-Thang5/2012 2 9
