NGHIEN ciiu IRAO fiOI. NGHIEN cuu IRAO DO!
VA NHQNG VAN DE CAN QUAN TAM
N
hiT chiing ta da thay, bie'n ddi khi hau (siT ndng len toan cau va SlT dang len ciia miTc nu'dc bien) hien nay la mdt thiTc teda, dang va se tie'p tuc dien ra tren pham vi toan cau.1.Ngudn goc va nguyen nhan: Ngudn gdc va nguyen nhan sau xa la do tac dpng cua con ngu'di trong cac hoat ddng san xua't, kinh doanh, trong sinh hoat ddi sd'ng, nha't la trong ITnh viTc san xua't va tieu thu nang lu'dng, khai thac tai nguyen, thien nhien (dat, niTdc, rtTng...) hoat ddng ciia cac nha may cdng nghiep, ddng thdi thai vao khi quyen cac chat khi cd tac dung lam tang hieu iTng nha kinh cua khi quyen trai dat.
2. Hau qua:
Bie'n ddi khi hau cd the gay ra nhtTng tham hpa toan cau ve thien nhien, mdi tnTdng, de dpa mang sdng hang trieu ngu'di, lam bung nd cac lan sdng di ciT, tham chi de dpa siT tdn tai ciia nhieu qudc gia d vi tri tha'p so vdi miTc nu'dc bien.
Bien ddi khi hau cd the lam ra tang, lam khan hiem va lam thay ddi qua trinh phan bd cac ngudn tai nguyen thiet yeu va
BICH THUY
cd tam chien lu'dc quan trpng nhu' nu'dc, dat trdng trpt... lam tram trpng them cac thach thiJc an ninh phi truyen thdng khac dang ndng bdng hien nay nhiT an ninh lu'dng thiTc, an ninh nang lu'dng, khoang each giau ngheo...
ttr dd cd the lam gia tang nguy cd bat dn djnh, xung ddt, khung bd, lam mau thuan chinh trj-xa hoi d nhieu ndi tren the' gidi.
Bie^n ddi khi hau la mpt dieu ciTc ky nguy hiem de dpa de'n van de tdn tai ciia con ngu'di, bien ddi khi hau (trai dat am dan len) lam cho niTdc bien dang cao.
nhiet dp be mat trai dat tang len.
Hien tai trai dat cd 7 ty ngu'di, trong dd cd hdn mdt niTa sd ngiTdi sdng d vung duyen hai ciia trai dat trong pham vi 100km trd lai vting bd bien, khi nu'dc bien dang len lam anh hu'dng de'n cudc song cua hang ty ngufdi.
Neu miTc nu'dc bien tang len, Viet Nam se mat rat nhieu dien tich, cd the len de'n 45% dien tich ddng bang sdng Cu'u Long se nam du'di miTc nu'dc bien, ne'u nhu' vay dien tich trdng cay lu'dng thiTc bj mat, liic dd ddi sdng cua ngu'di Viet Nam se ra sao.
Tliong tin KHO.^ HOC i CONG NGHE
NGHIEN CUU IRAO DOI • NGHIEN CUU IRAO fiOl
Theo cac chuyen gia cho rang: Khi nu'dc bien dang cao cd the 22 trieu ngu'di Viet Nam mat nha ciTa.
Bie'n ddi khi hau (BDKH) khdng chi la van de mdi tnTdng ma la van de ve phat trien ben vtTng. "Bao cao ve anh hu'dng ddi vdi con ngu'di: Bien ddi khi hau - md xe khiing hoang im lang" diTdc Dien dan Nhan dao toan cau (GHF) cdng bdngay 29/
5/2009 cho tha'y, BDKH moi nam giet chet 300.000 ngu'di. Trong dd, 90% la do mdi tru'dng suy thoai dan, 99% tu'vong la tiTcac qudc gia dang phat trien, vd'n ddng gdp chu'a den 1 % lu'dng khi thai cacbon gay tinh trang am dan len tren toan cau. Bao cao cung canh bao BDKH se khien toan bp muc tieu phat trien thien nien ky (MDG) ve giam ddi ngheo, tre em chet yeu va lan tran djeh benh se khd thanh hien thu'c.
BDKH cung .se khien hang tram trieu ngu'di thieu nu'dc sinh hoat vao nam 2030.
Hau qua ciia BDKH cho de'n nay van du'dc vi nhiT "khiing hoang im lang", do it du'dc chii tam. Ong Kofi Annan - Chii tjeh GHF nhan manh: "Khiing hoang nay dang de doa tdi stTc khde cdng ddng, san lu'dng lu'dng thiTc va an ninh qud'c gia, cang thang chinh trj". Theo bao Independent ngay 30/5, trong cudc hpi thao ve BDKH trong 3 ngay tai London, cac nha khoa hpc doat giai Nobel da canh bao:
BDKH de doa gay thiet hai tiTdng du'dng mpt cudc chay dua vu khi hat nhan, va keu gpi cac nha lanh dao the' gidi khan tru'dng giai quyet van de nay. Hpi thao diTa ra khuyen nghj: khdng bao ve du'dc rtTng nhiet ddi, se khdng cd giai phap nao de giai quyet su' BDKH.
Cac nha khoa hoc khang djnh, Viet Nam la mpt trong nhtTng nu'dc bj tac ddng nang nha't ciia BDKH. Hien tai, thiet hai do thien tai mdi nam chie'm tdi 1,5% GDP ciia Viet Nam.
Tdi nam 2100, nhiet dp trung binh d Viet Nam se tang them khoang 2,3"C, miTc niTdc bien dang them khoang 0,74m.
Hang trieu ciT dan d nhtTng khu viTc gan bd bien se bj tac dpng tnTc tiep, DBSCL va ddng bang sdng Hong se bj anh hu'dng nghiem trpng, tac ddng to ldn de'n nhtTng thanh qua ve xda ddi giam ngheo ma Viet Nam da dat du'dc. Theo tinh toan cua Ngan hang Phat trien chau A (ADB), miTc thiet hai trung binh do tac ddng ciia siTBDKH d 4 nu'dc: Indonesia, Philip- pines, Thai Lan va Viet Nam cd the d mtfc 6,7% GDP vap nam 2100, gap ddi miTc thiet hai cua toan the gidi. ADB canh bao, ndng nghiep ciia 4 qudc gia nay la ITnh viTc bj anh hu'dng nang nha't vdi mot dien tich ldn dat san xua't se bien mat.
3. Cac giai phap de han che lam thay ddi khf hau:
Trong nhiJng nam tdi xu the chung la hdp tac qudc te'va khu VlTc de ddi phd vdi van de bie'n ddi khi hau, tap trung vao qua trinh thiet lap cac cd che hdp tac, nghien ciJu va danh gia tac ddng, xay diTng bien phap phdng ngtra va nghien ciJu cdng nghe, nang lu'dng mdi.
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Thnn«tinKH0.\H0C4C0NGNGHENGHIEN CUU IRAO m • NGHIEN CUU IRAO fiOl
DiTng tru'dc thach thiTc to ldn dd, Viet Nam da cd nhieu nd liTc tich circ. Bd tru'dng Bd Tiii nguyen - Mdi tru'dng Pham Khdi Nguyen cho biet, Viet Nam da phat trien va ap dung chat che cac tieu chuan mdi tru'dng;
khuyen khich phat trien cdng nghe than thien vdi mdi tru'dng va giam hieu iJng nha kinh; cd nhieu nghien cu'u de dd'i phd vdi kha nang mi/c nu'dc bien tang len vao nam 2100.
ChiTdng trinh muc tieu qudc gia ling phd vdi BDKH da diTdc Thii tiTdng Chinh phu thdng qua vao ngay 2/12/2008 vdi muc tieu chie'n lu'dc la: Danh gia nhiTng tac ddng ciia BDKH len nhtTng ITnh VlTc va khu viTc trong mdt giai dpan cu the va phat trien nhiTng ke' hpach hanh ddng de dd'i phd hieu qua vdi BDKH trong ngan han cting nhu' dai han. ChiTdng trinh se du'dc thiTc hien tren toan qudc, trpng 3 giai dpan: 2009-2010 la giai doan khdi ddng; 2011-2015 la giai doan trien khai va sau 2015 la giai doan phat trien. Tdng kinh phi diT kien ttr 2009-2015 la
1.965 ty ddng.
Cu the, chiing ta can phai tang CiTdng nang cao nhan thiTc cua ngu'di dan ve bien ddi khi hau thdng qua cac chien djeh truyen thdng, thdng tin cdng cdng va giao due de thay ddi hanh vi cua cdng ddng; bap ve la phdi xanh ciia nhan loai bang
each phu xanh ddi niii trpc.
chd'ng pha riing; bao tdn. phuc hdi va phat trien riTng ngap man.
xay diTng va ciing cd' he thdng de dieu de ngan ngu'a hien tu'dng nu'dc bien dang cao;
khuye'n khich siJ dung ngudn nang lu'dng sach nhu'nang lu'dng mat trdi, nang lu'dng gid, thuy dien,... chuyen giao va iTng dung cdng nghe tien tien than thien vdi mdi tnrdng...
Cud'i thang 1/2009, Rockerfeller Foundation cdng bd diT an giiip mpt sd' qudc gia chau A, trong dd cd Viet Nam.
van phdng ciia td chii'c nay tai Bang cdc cho hay diT an nham giiip mdt sd thanh phd' chau A ddi phd va tdn tai triTdc nhtTng thien tai do khi hau bie'n ddi trong nhtTng thap nien tdi.
NhtTng dja phu'dng du'dc chpn trong phan dau ciia diT an nay la nhtTng ndi thu'dng bi lut ldi hpac bj bap bien. Trong so'6 thanh phddu'dc chpn, cd 3 thanh phd ciia An Dp va 3 thanh phd ciia Viet Nam la Quy Nhdn, Da NSng va Can Thd.
DiTan de ra mpt sd'phu'dng trinh nham giiip nhtTng ngu'di dan nghep tai cac ndi nay tien hanh chuan bj, chd'ng chpi va phuc hdi sau thien tai. Cac chu'dng trinh diTa vao viec lap mdt mang lu'di gitTa Rockerfeller Foundation va 3 thanh phd'ciia Viet Nam. Td chiTc nay se hdp tac vdi gidi
chiTc nang, cac nha khoa hpc, cac chuyen vien ky thuiit cung nhu cac td chiTc phi chinh phu tai Quy Nhdn, Dil NSng va Can Thd trong mpi boat ddng lien quan nhiTphan tich, thao luan va tie'n hanh chu'dng trinh.
DiTan trj gia khoang 50 trieu USD va diT kie'n se hoan tat trong thdi han 5 nam va du'dc bat dau ngay trong thang 2/
2009. Cac chu'dng trinh hoat dpng tai Viet Nam cung nhu'tai An Dp sau dd se diTdc dung nhiT khudn mau de ap dung chp hai nu'dc chau A khac la Thai Lan va Indpnesia.
Tuy nhien, dtl cap vT md da y thu'c diTdc tac ddng nghiem trpng cua BDKH nhu'ng neu y thiTc ciia ngiTdi dan chiTa du'dc nang cap, ne'u rtTng nguyen sinh, rtrng dau ngudn van tie'p tuc bj tan pha khdng thu'dng tie^c thi e rang, du cd nhieu chiTdng trinh tdn tien ty diTdc diTa ra, hieu qua thiTc hien cung khdng the dat diTdc. Do vay chiing ta can phai thiTc hien ddng bd nhieu giai phap va tuyen truyen ca cdng ddng cung tham gia thiTc hien.
Tai lieu tham khao:
I.Hgi nghi Bali vd vdn de bien doi ciia khi hdu todn cdu, ngdy 20/
12/2007;
2.Theo NewSeientist, Nature;
3. VietnamNet.
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