VE THUC HIEN HOP DONG KHI HOAN CANH THAY DOI CO BAN
DAM THI DIEM HANH LE THI KIM OANH**
Thuc hifn hgp dong khi hodn cdnh thay d i i co bdn Id mot van d i mdi dugc quy dinh tai D i i u 420 Bg lu^t Dan s y nam 2015. Mac dii, quy dinh ndy mang tinh dinh tinh, nhimg d i n nay chira cd van ban hudng dan ciia cac c o quan nha nirdc cd tham quyin, n@n v i | c dp dung phdp luat trong thuc tien cdn liing tiing, nh^t Id xdc dinh t h i ndo Id hodn canh thay d i i c o bdn.
Tir khda: Hop dong; nghia vu hop dong; hodn cdnh thay doi co bdn.
Nhdn bdi: 01/4/2019; bien tgpxong: 13/4/2019; duyet bdi: 03/5/2019.
Hgp ddng la sy thda thudn cd tinh chat phdp ly, rang huge cdc ben giao ket. Do do, ve nguyen tac, thyc hien khdng diing nghia vu hgp ddng bi coi la vi pham hgp ddng. Tuy nhien, ben vi pham nghia vu khdng phdi chiu trach nhiem trong trudng hgp bat kha khdng hay cd yeu cau siia ddi hoac chdm diit hgp ddng khi hodn canh thay ddi ca ban.
Theo khoan 1 Dieu 420 Bg luat D m sy (BLDS) nam 2015, hodn cdnh thay ddi ca ban khi cd du cdc dieu kien sau day:
a) Sy thay ddi hoan canh do nguyen nhan khdch quan xay ra sau khi giao ket hgp ddng;
b) Tai thdi diem giao ket hgp ddng, cdc ben khdng the ludng trudc dugc ve su thay ddi hoan canh;
c) Hodn cdnh thay ddi Idn den mirc neu nhu cac ben biet trudc thi hgp d i n g da khdng dugc giao ket hoac dugc giao ket nhirag vdi ndi dung hodn toan khac;
d) Viec tiep tuc thyc hien hgp ddng ma khdng cd su thay ddi ndi dung hgp ddng se gay diiet bai nghiem trgng cho mdt ben;
d) Ben cd lgi ich bi anh hudng da dp dyng mgi bien p h ^ can thiet trong khd nang cho phep, phu hgp vdi tinh chat ciia hgp ddng ma khdng the ngan chan, giam thieu mirc do anh hudng den lgi ich.
Hai vu an sau day la nhiing vi dy cho thay nhiing vudng mac trong thuc tien dp dyng quy dinh ve hoan canh thay ddi ca ban khi thuc hien hgp ddng.
Vu dn thd nhdt:
Tranh chap kinh doanh thuang mai giiia nguyen don la Cdng ty TNHH mdt thanh vien thuang mai du lich P (ggi tat la Cdng ty
Nghien cOv sinh, Tru&ng Dai hoc Kiem sat Ha Noi.
Thac si Trumig Bai hoc KiSm sat Ha Noi
So 19(thang 10^19) \ Tapchi _KIEM SAT I 3 9
NGHIEN CTO - TRAO DOI
P) va bi don la Cdng ty TNHH V (ggi tdt la Cdng ty V) tai Ban an kinh doanh thuang mai so thdm sd 06/2017/KDTM-ST ngay 29/9/2017 ciia Tda an nhan dan qudn S, thdnh phi D.
Cdng ty P vd Cdng ty V ky ket Hgp ding thu6 thuang hieu va vat dyng quan bar vao ngay 28/3/2016. Theo do, Cdng ty P thue Cdng ty V tai san la quyen sir dyng nhan hieu "SSL" va vat dyng quan bar vdi hinh thiic dgc quyen; thdi han thue la 03 nam ke tir ngay 01/4/2016 din ngay 01/5/2019 vdi gia thue 3.375.000.000 ddng; thanh todn theo timg nam sd tiin 1.125.000.000 ding bang hinh thuc chuyen khoan den tdi khodn ca nhan ciia dng Thai Hoat D tai Ngdn hdng N, Chi nhdnh thdnh phd H, dng D chiu trach nhiem chuyen tien cho Cdng ty V.
Trudc do, ngay 25/3/2016, de cd mat bang kinh doanh quan bar, Cdng ty P ky ket Hgp ddng thue mat bang vdi Cdng ty TNHH thuong mai vd dich vy T (ggi tat la Cdng ty T). Trong qua trinh thyc hien hgp ddng, Cdng ty P khdng thanh toan dugc tien thue mat bang cho Cdng ty T cac thang 9, 10 va 11/2016, nen ngdy 01/12/2016, Cdng ty T giri thdng bdo dan phuong cham dirt hgp ddng cho thue mat bang ke tu ngay 31/12/2016 vd yen cau Cdng ty P ban giao lai mat bang dang su dung kinh doanh qudn SSL cho Cdng ty T
Vi hi cham diit hgp ddng thue mat bang kinh doanh, Cdng ty P da nhieu lan gui van bdn den Cdng ty V de ngM thay ddi ngi dung Hgp ddng thue thuong hieu, cu the, sd tien thue trong 3 nam de nghi sira ddi cdn 2.250.000.000 ddng vd chia lam hai dgt thanh toan cho phii hgp vdi kha nang cua Cdng ty P nhung khdng dugc Cdng ty V chdp nhan.
Cdng ty P yeu edu Tda an tuyen cham diit Hgp ddng thue thuang hieu va vat dyng
qudn bar giiia Cdng ty P vd Cdng ty V ke tit ngdy 01/5/2017. Mgt frong nhung ly do ma Cdng ty P dua ra Id: Viec Cdng ty T don phuang chdm dut Hgp ddng thue mat bang lam hoan canh thay ddi co ban va Cdng ty P mdt kha nang tiep tyc thyc bien Hcrp ddng vdi Cdng ty V theo quy dinh tai Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015^ Trong don khdng cdo, Cdng ty P vdn de nghi Tda an tuyen chdm diit Hgp ddng thue thuang hieu vd vat dyng quan bar vi qua trinh boat ddng gap khd khan, doanh thu khdng dii chi phi. Chi phi trd cho Cdng ty V cao ban doanh thu khiin Cdng ty P mdt kha nang thanh toan tiin thue mat bdng eho Cong ty T vd phdi tam ngimg kinh doanh tit ngay 15/7/2016 din ngay 14/7/2017. Vdi nhiing thay ddi tren, Cdng ty P da roi vdo tinh the khdng the tiep tyc hoat ddng kinh doanh, vd cho rang hoan canh ndy phu hgp vdi quy dinh tai Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015.
Cdng ty V cho rang, Hgp ddng thue thuang hieu va vat dung qudn bar Id thda thuan ciia cac ben, khdng hi ep bugc nen Cdng ty P phdi cd trach nhiem thyc hien diing hgp ddng. Cdng ty P xem viec don phuang chdm diit hgp dong cho thue mat bdng cua Cdng ty T la hoan canh thay ddi co ban Id khdng dung vdi quy dinh cua Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015, do khdng thugc trudng hgp bat kha khdng hay trd ngai khdch quan, vi thdi diem Cdng ty T don phuang cham dut hgp ddng thue mat bang vdi Cdng
]. Ngoai ra, Cong ty P con dua ra cac !y do la dieu khoan thanh toan trong Hop dong thue thuong lii^u cac ben thoa thuan chuyen qua tai khoan ca nhan ciia ong Thai Hoat D la vi pham phap luat, c6 dau hieu tron thue nen v6 hieu; va hien nay co don vi khac six dung nhan hieu SSL tai thanh pho D. Di6u do cho thay, Cong ty V da khdng dam bao quyen sir dung tron v§n thuong hi?u nay tai thanh ph6 D cho Cong ty P nhu thoa thu^n.
I T?p chi
4 0 I Kl£MSAT_ / S o 19(th»)g 10/2019)
NCHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI ty P thi ngudi dai diSn tiieo phdp ludt cua hai
Cdng ty deu la dng C.
Tda dn cap so thdm khdng chdp nhan yeu cau chdm dirt Hgp ddng thue thuong hieu vd vdt dyng qudn bar giiia Cdng ty P vd Cdng tyV.
Theo tae gid, cdn ldm ro la cdc dieu ki$n hodn cdnh thay ddi ca bdn theo khodn 1 Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 da ddy du chua? Theo dd, cdn xac dinh hodn cdnh cua hgp ddng thue thuang hieu giiia Cdng ty P va Cdng ty V Id gi vd hodn canh dd cd bi thay ddi hay khdng? Nguyen nhdn cua sy thay ddi cd mang tinh khdch quan hay khdng? Neu cd thi hodn cdnh thay ddi Idn den miic ndo, gdnh nang ma ben hi anh hudng phdi ganh chiu Idn den miic ndo?
Cdng ty P da thdng bdo kip thdi cho Cdng ty V vd ed bien phdp ngan chan, khac phuc hau qud hay chua?
Qua cac tmh tiet ciia vy an cd the thdy, Cdng ty P khi ky Hgp ddng thue thuang hieu vd vdt dung qudn bar da ngdm dinh rang viec thue dugc mat bang dn dinh eua Cdng ty T de kinh doanh la mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trgng quyet dinh viec ky ket hgp ddng vdi V. Tdc gid cho rang, ddi vdi viSc thue thuang hieu nhu hgp ddng giiia Cdng ty P vd Cdng ty V thi viec cd dugc mat bang kinh doanh d dia diim tdt vd trong thdi ban dn dinh la yeu td can thiet. Chang ban, viec kinh doanh quan bar ti-en mdt mat bang tga lac d khu gidi tri sdm udt ro rdng se thudn lgi ban.
Do dd, cd the ndi, hgp ddng thue mat bdng giiia Cdng ty T vd cdng ty P la hoan cdnh nen tdng ciia hgp ddng thue thuong hieu.
\^ec Cdng ty T dan phuang cham dirt hgp ddng vdi Cdng ty P khien cho hodn cdnh ky ket cua hgp ddng hi thay ddi co bdn.
Van de tiep theo can gidi quyet la su cham dirt hgp ddng thue mat bang giiia Cdng
ty T va Cdng ty P cd khach quan hay khdng?
Qua tmh tiet vy dn dugc neu tai Dan khang cdo cho thay nguyen nhdn ddn den Cdng ty T dan phucmg chdm diit hgp ddng cho thue mat bdng la vi Cdng ty P khdng thyc hi?n dung nghia vy tiianh toan tien thue mat bang.
Cdng ty P dua ra ly do vi kinh doanh gap khd khan nen khdng thuc hien dugc nghia vu thanh todn ddi vdi Cdng ty T. Ro rang su fliay ddi hodn canh cua hgp ddng cho thuS mat bang xudt phdt tir ldi cua Cdng ty P, do dd, khdng thda man tinh khach quan nhu quy dinh tai khodn 1 Diiu 420 BLDS ndm 2015.
Gid dinh rang Cdng ty T don phuang chdm dirt hgp ddng cho thue trudc ban cd can cii phap ludt thi se dugc coi la su thay ddi cua hodn cdnh cd tinh khdch quan \i nd nam ngodi tam kiem sodt ciia Cdng ty P. Hoac ngay cd khi viec Cdng ty T don phuong chdm diit hgp ddng do Cdng ty P khdng tiianh toan dugc tien thue mat bang ciing cd the dugc cho la hoan cdnh khdch quan neu Cdng ty P chirng minh dugc nguyen nhan ddn den tinh trang kuih doanh khdng hieu qud do khdng ludng trude dugc sy thay ddi ciia chinh sdch, phdp ludt, yeu td thien nhien, bien ddng bdt thudng ciia nen kinh te...
Vai de thir ba la tinh khdng ludng trudc ve sy thay ddi hoan canh, dugc hieu la cdc ben khdng the tinh den sy tiiay ddi cua hoan canh vao thdi diem giao kit hgp ddng, phy thugc vdo ban chat hgp ddng, yeu td thien nhien, hodn cdnh kmh tS, xd hdi, chu th6 giao ket... Chang ban, hgp ddng bao hiem ed tinh may rui va cd hai ben deu huge phdi ludng trudc dugc su may rui ndy, trong khi sy kien thien nhien bat thudng lai la yeu td khdng the tinh den... Trong trudng hgp tren, day Id hgp ddng giiia hai chu the kinh doanh deu cd myc dich lgi nhudn vd viec thua Id trong kinh doanh la dieu ma Cdng ty P phai ludng trude
Sd 19 (thang 1(V2019)\
Tap chi _KIEM SAT
41
NGHIEN Cmi - TRAO DOI
khi giao ket de ed phuang an dy phdng hoac phdi chdp nhan rui ro trong kinh doanh. Do dd, viec Cdng ty P lam dn thua Id khdng thi dugc coi la yeu td khdng ludng trude dugc.
Van de thii tu lien quan den miic do thiet hai vd each ddi phd cua Cdng ly P: Can cii vao tinh tiet vu an, cd the thdy Cdng ty P dang roi vao hoan canh thua Id vi chi phi trd eho Cdng ty V cao ban doanh thu. Vi khdng cd lgi nhuan, nen Cdng ty P khdng thi tra tien thue mat bang vd hi don phuang cham diit hgp ddng, thyc te da phdi tam ngimg kinh doanh trong 01 nam. Trudc linh hinh dd, Cdng ty P da de nghi bang van bdn sira ddi thdi ban thue vd phuang thiic thanh toan, nhung Cdng ty V khdng chap nhan. Cdc ben da cd qud trinh dam phdn lai nhung khdng tiianh cdng. Cd the thdy rdng, Cdng ty P da thdng bdo vdi Cdng ty V ve sy thay ddi ciia hodn eanh; my nhien, tinh tiet vu an khdng the hien Cdng ty P da dp dyng nhiing bien phdp can thiet de khdc phyc khd khan nhu quy dinh tai diem d khodn 1 Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015 hay ehua^. Chdng ban, Cdng ty P cd the tim kiem mat bang kinh doanh mdi vdi miic gia phu hgp, phan tich khd khan cu the trong kinh doanh... Can nhdn manh rdng, Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 ehi dp dung trong nhung trucmg hgp ngoai le, that sy can thiet vdi nguyen tdc coi trgng hieu lyc bat bugc cua hgp ddng.
Nhu vdy, ly do ma Cdng ty P cho rang viec vi pham nghia vu la do hoan eanh thay ddi CO ban Id khdng pbii hgp.
Trong vu dn ndy, cd mdt van de dat ra lien quan den pham vi xet xir ciia Tda dn. Cdng ty
2. Diem d khoan 1 Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Ben co I91 ich bi anh huong da ap dung moi bi?n phap cin thiet trong kha nang cho phep, phii hop voi tinh chit cua hop dong ma khong the ngan chan, giam thieu miic dp anh huong den lgi ich".
P chi yeu cau chdm dirt hgp ddng ma khdng yeu cau sira ddi hgp ddng. Gid dinh cd hoan canh thay ddi co bdn xdy ra, neu cd can cii cho rang "viec chdm dut hgp ddng se gdy thiet hai Idn ban so vdi cdc chi phi de thyc hien hgp dong neu dugc sira ddi" theo khodn 3 EHiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 thi Tda an ed thi sira ddi hgp ddng thay vi ch§m diit hgp ddng nhu nguyen dan yeu can hay khdng?
Niu cau trd ldi Id cd thi cd trdi vdi nguyen tdc tu dinh doat ciia duong sy theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Diiu 5 Bg ludt Td tyng dan sy ndm 2015 hay khdng? Theo do.- "... Tda dn chi thy ly gidi quyet vu viee ddn sy khi cd dan khdi kidn, don yeu cau ciia duong sy vd chi gidi quyit trong pham vi don khdi kien, dan yeu edu dd".
Vu dn thie hai:
Vu dn tranh chap quyen sii dung ddt giiia nguyen don la chua PD vdi hi dan la dng Lam Phudc M, dng Nguyin Van D, dng Nguyen Van L, bd Nguyen Tin T va ba Nguyin Thi G tai Bdn an sd 6i/2018/DS-PT ngdy 29/3/2018 ve viec tranh chdp quyen sit dung ddt ciia TAND tinh B.
Nguyen don dugc Uy ban nhdn ddn (UBND) tinh B cdp Gidy ehiing nhdn quyen su dung ddt ddi vdi 11.395,9m^ ddt ndng nghiep tai xa T, huyen D, tinh B vdo nam 2006. Mdnh ddt nay do mgt sd hd dan (trong dd cd cdc bi don) da va dang canh tdc dn dinh tit trudc. De xdc nhdn dat khdng ed tranh chdp vd cd the tien hdnh thu tyc de nghi cap Giay chung nhan quyen sir dung ddt, ngdy 13/6/2006, UBND xa T mdi cac hd dan den de lam viec. Bien bdn hda gidi dugc lap cd su tham gia ciia chua PD, cac hd ddn vd dai dien UBND xa T, cdc ben thdng nhdt chua PD diing ten Gidy chiing nhan quyen sir dung ddt; cdc hd dan, trong dd cd bi don la dng D, ba T dugc tiep tuc sir dyng dat vdo
I Tapchi
4 2 I KIEMSAT_ /So 19(thmg 10^19)
myc dich sdn xuat ndng nghiep de tang thu nhap vd ciing dudng cho chiia, khdng dugc sir dyng ddt vdo myc dich khdc, khi khdng cd nhu cau sir dyng thi trd lai cho chua. Din nay chua PD thdy cdc bi dan cd y dinh chiem doat nen lam don de nghi UBND xa T gidi quyet, nhung cdc bi don khdng tra.
Chiia PD khdi kien ra Tda yeu ciu cac hi don tra dat.
Tai Bdn dn dan sy so thdm si 2014/2017/DS-ST ndy 17/11/2017 cua TAND huyen D, tinh B xu bugc cdc bi don trd lai ddt cho chua. Cdc bi dan, trong do cd dng D khang cdo toan bd ban an so tham vd cho rang: "Cd thda thudn nam 2006 de chua diing ten tren Giay chiing nhan quyin sir dung ddt, dng D dugc tiep tyc sir dyng ddt, do dd, khdng ddng y trd ddt". Nhu vay, dng D can cii vdo cdc dieu kien dugc neu tai Bien ban hda gidi nam 2006 de lap luan rang dng cd quyen tiep tuc canh tac tren dat do chua diing ten.
Quan diem cua Tda dn cdp phiic thdm ddng y vdi ly le ciia dng D, bdi vi, sy thda thudn giiia cac duang su tai Bien ban hda giai ngay 13/6/2006 dugc xem nhu la mdt hgp ddng, giao dich (Dieu 121 BLDS nam 2005, nay la Diiu 116 BLDS nam 2015).
Tda an cho rang day la loai giao dich cd dieu kien khi vien dan Dieu 295 BLDS nam 2005 ve giao dich ddn sy cd dieu kien. Ong D dang sir dyng ddt ditng muc dich, van edn nhu cau su dyng nen chua phat sinh nghia vy phdi trd ddt theo ndi dung bien bdn da ky vdi chua. Tda an ciing ap dyng Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015 de dua ra gid dinh rang:
"Khi dng D sir dung dat khdng diing muc dich, khdng canh tdc trdng trgt ma su dyng vdo muc dich khac trdi phep hoac khdng cd nhu cau sir dung ddt (bd hoang) hoac khi hoan cdnh thay ddi co bdn (Nha nude quy
hoach) thi chua PD cd quyen dam phan, thay ddi thda thudn vdi dng D, neu khdng thda thudn dugc thi cd quyen khdi kien ra Tda de yeu cau chdm diit thda thuan da ky hoac thay ddi dieu khodn da ky de cdn bang lgi ich ciia hai ben". Tda dn nhan dinh rang, dng D khdng vi pham thda thudn, do do, khdng the huge dng D trd lai dat nhu Tda dn cap sa tham da tuyen. 6ng D chi phai tid ddt khi vi pham thda thudn hoac cd du dieu kien dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015.
Theo y kien cua tac gid, ve bdn chdt cua bien bdn hda gidi, neu Tda dn cdp phiic thdm eho la hgp ddng^ tbi Tda dn can lam rd day Id loai hgp ddng gi? phai chang ddy la hgp ddng "cho mugn tdi san"? Tuy nhien, quyen sir dung dat ndng nghiep ed the la ddi tugng cua hgp ddng eho mugn khdng''? Neu la hgp ddng mugn tdi san thi ben cho mugn ed quyen: "1. Ddi lai tdi sdn ngay sau khi ben mugn dat dugc myc dich neu khdng cd thod thudn ve thdi ban mugn; neu ben cho mugn cd nhu cau dot xudt vd cdp bach cdn sir dung tdi san cho mugn thi dugc ddi lai tai san dd mac du ben mugn chua dat dugc muc dich, nhung phai bao trudc mdt thdi gian hgp ly;
2. Ddi lai tdi san khi b6n mugn sii dung khdng diing myc dich, cdng dyng, khdng diing each thiic da thod thuan hoac cho ngudi khac mugn lai ma khdng cd su ddng y ciia ben cho mugn" (Dieu 517 BLDS nam 2005, nay la Diiu 499 BLDS nam 2015).
Nhu vay, viec Tda an nhdn dinh chiia PD
3. Viec dong nhat giica bien ban hoa giai tai UBND xa T vdi hgp dong la mpt nhan dinh khien cuong ve mat phap iy. Tuy nhien, vi chii de bai viet chi de cap den Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015, nen chung toi khong ban lu|n ve van de nay.
4. Hgp dong mugn dat nong nghiep la giao dich kha ph6 bi^n tren thuc tS, nhung chua c<3 co ch^ phip ly ro rang.
So 19(thang 1(W019)\
Tap chi _KIEM SAT
NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI
yeu cau dng D trd dat khi dng ndy vi pham thda thudn hoac cd du dieu kien dugc quy dinh tai Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 la chua xem xet day du cdc trudng hgp nguyen don cd quyen ddi lai dat.
Mac dinh rang tdn tai hgp ddng "mugn dat" vdi cdc dieu kien nhu ti-ong Bien bdn hda giai cac ben da ky, thi Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 duge Tda an cap phuc thdm vien ddn dp dung cd thuyet phuc hay khdng? Tda dn cap phuc thdm da dat ra mdt sd gid thuyet md nguyen dan cd the ddi dat la khi ngudi mugn dat khdng su dung diing thda thudn trong hgp ddng mugn hoac khi Nba nude quy hoach. Tdt cd nhiing gia thuyet ndy diu dugc dp dung chung mdt he qua nhu quy dinh tai khodn 2 Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015, bao gdm yeu edu ddm phdn lai, yen cau Tda dn sua ddi hoac cham diit hgp ddng. Cd the thay rang, cdc tinh hudng ma Tda an cap phuc tham dy lieu thugc hai che dinh phap ly vS hgp ddng khac nhau nen viec dp dung chung mdt he qud phdp ly la khdng thuyet phuc. Cu the, nhdm gia dinh thii nhdt Id khi dng D khdng diing dat dung myc dich hoac khdng cdn nhu cau sir dyng se thugc tiirdng hgp vi pham nghia vu hgp ddng, do dd, he qua phdp ly se dugc gidi quyet theo tnrdng hgp xir ly hgp ddng do vi pham nghia vu, ma khdng cd he qud la yeu cau Tda dn sira ddi hgp ddng. Ben bi thiet hai chi cd the yeu edu Tda dn sira ddi hgp ddng de can bang lgi ich khi thugc nhdm gid dinh thii hai la quy hoach sii dyng dat cua Nhd nude lam cho hodn cdnh cua hgp ddng bi thay ddi ca ban. Nhu vdy, khi dp dung tuang ty Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015, Tda an cap phiic thdm chua phan biet rach rdi giiia hodn cdnh thay ddi co bdn vdi trudng hgp vi pham nghia vu hgp ddng.
Qua hai vy dn tren cd the thay rang, thye tiln xet xir tai Tda an lien quan den
viec dp dung Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015 ve hodn cdnh thay ddi co bdn cdn mdt sd vudng mac nhu sau:
Thie nhdt, Tda dn edn liing tiing trong viec xac dinh hoan cdnh la gi, hodn cdnh thay ddi co ban so vdi cdi gi vd viec dp dung he qud phap ly cua nd.
Thie hai, Tda an chua quan tdm den viee dam phan lai. Cdc vu viec tren deu chua qua ddm phdn lai nhung Tda an khdng can nhae, mac dii cdc ben da the hien sy thi?n chi.
Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015 Id mdt diiu luat tiin bg, md ra mdt hudng mdi vd linh boat frong giai quyet sd phan cua hgp ddng khi hodn canh thay ddi co ban. Tuy nhien, de thuc su phat huy dugc gid tri eiia nd thi can luu y mdt sd vdn de sau:
Mgt Id. lien nganh tu phdp trung uong can cd van bdn hudng ddn cy the the ndo la hoan cdnh ky ket hgp ddng. Theo chung tdi, dd la tdng hgp tdt ca nhung yeu td ma fren CO sd dd cdc ben di den nhung thda thuan cu the trong hgp ddng.
Hai Id, edn quy dinh ro, neu cac duong sy chi yeu cau thay ddi hoac chdm diirt hgp ddng thi Tda an cd the lua chgn mdt trong hai phuong an, nhu vay se phii hgp vdi quy dinh tai khoan 3 Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015: "Tda an chi duge quyet dinh viec sira ddi hgp ddng trong trudng hgp viec chdm dirt hgp ddng se gay thiet hai Idn ban so vdi cac chi phi de thyc hien hgp ddng niu dugc sira ddi".
Ba la, khi ap dyng Diiu 420 BLDS nam 2015, yeu td ddu tien can xdc dinh la hoan cdnh cua hgp ddng la gi vd hoan canh dd cd thay ddi co ban hay khdng? Neu cd sy thay ddi thi mdi tiep tyc phan tich lam ro nhiing dieu kien khac nhu tinh khdch quan, mirc do anh hudng... nhu quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 420 BLDS nam 2015.d
Taip chi
K I £ M S A T ^ /So 19(thmg 10/2019)
