.jfhih rathe gi&i
VAN DE KIEM SOAT QUYEN LlTC TAI TRUNG QUOC MOT SO GIA TRI THAM KHAO CHO VIET NAM
ThS. QUACH THI MINH PHlTONG'*'
Tom tat: Mdt trong nhimg gid tri phd bien ciia nhd nuac phdp quyen ndi chung, nhd nude phq) quyen xa hgi chti nghia ndi rieng. Id cdch thuc td chuc quyen lire nhd nu&c, bdo ddm chdng l^gquyen, lam quyen. De bdo ddm gid tri ndy, nguyen tdc kiem sodt quyen luc nhd nir&c dugc nliieu quoc gia thuc hien, Nhd nuac phdp quyen ddc sdc Trung Qudc dugc xdy dung tren nen long hgc thuyet "phdp tri" (tri qudc bdng phdp lugt), nen nguyen tde kiem sodt quyen luc khdng ddikrgc thuc hien tmng td chicc vd hogt dgng cua bd may nhd nu&c, md cdn trong cd he thdng chinh tr}, Bdi viet tap trung phdn tich mgt so not dung trong td chuc thuc hien kiem sodt quyen life cua Trung Qudc, rut ra mgt sd gid tri tham khda eho Viet Nam khi hien thuc h&a nguyen tde nay trong qud trinh xdy dung Nhd nu&c phdp quyen xd hgi chii nghia.
Tir khda: kiem sodt quyen luc; nhd nude phdp quyen; Trung Qudc; Viet Nam
I
Kh^ qu^t v^ nhik nin^c phap quy^n Nha nuoc phap q u y ^ la mo hinh nha•nu6c ma 6 do mpi ca ciu t6 chiic cung nh hojt dgng dia nha nuoc dupe nhin qua lang
•44 ciJaphap luit. Nghia la, mudn xae dinh xem
*a nuoc dupe lam gi, phai lam gi, lam nhu thS
*>, CO du te chiic ra sao... dSu phai nhin phap li|t cua nha nuoc do quy dinh nhu thS nao. Hien
•ay, nba nuoc phap quySn tro thanh mo hinh
Bwn&ChlnhUikhuviK n, Hpc vien Chinh tri qudc
^ ° a li9C£l2inh trj - So 2/2019
ma cae nha nude duong dai d6u huong tcri xay dung. Voi gia tii ph6 biSn dupe ket tinh tir nhiing hat nhan frong eac hpc thuyfit chinh tri - phap li nghien ciiu v8 nha nuoc va phap luat cua cae hpc gia tir c6 chi kim, tir phuong Dong din phuong Tay, trai qua qua ttinh lich sit hinh thanh va di tir H luan dan Uiuc tiSn, nha nuoc phap quyen the hien nhirng gid tri pho biin sau day:
Thir nhdt, chii the t6i cao ctia quySn luc la nhan dan. Voi dac trung nay, nhilu quoe gia lua chpn quy dinh trong Hiin phap: Nha iiuae la eua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan; tit ea quyen lue nha nutic thupc ve nhan dan.
. Nhin ra the giai
Thu hai, dl bao dam chii quyen tdi cao thude v l nhan dan thi mpi hoat dpng cua nha nude dupe hinh thanh va chiu sir dilu ehinh bdi phap luat - edng cu de nha nude thuc hien ehire nang ciia minh. Dieu dae biet cua gia tri nay d cho, Hiin phap va phap luat giu: vi tri thupng ton va su hoan thien khdng ngimg cua he thdng phap luat,
Thii ba, dudi su "bao ho" cua h? thong phap luat hoan thien, quyen con ngudi dupe ghi nhan, ton hpng, bao ve, bao dam thuc hien.
Thic tu, vai trd, vi tri ciia nha nude ddi vdi cae ehii tha khac trong xa hdi, the hien d tinh chiu hach nhiem eua nha nude. Nha nude hoat dpng cdng khai, minh bach. Phap luat la san phdm cua nha nude nhung chinh nha nude cung h d thanh ddi tupng diau chinh eua phap luat. Tuy nhian, da bao dam va phat huy dupe nhimg nhdm gia tri nay, can nhan thiic ro, su khae biet Idn nhat do yeu td mau thuan trudc tian ve Ipi ieh kinh te (che dp sd hihi tu nhan xuat hien) dan dan mau thuan ve mat xa hpi la nguon gdc sinh ra nha nude vdi mpt quyen lue eong cdng dae biet. Nhung, trong nha nude phap quyan, chii tha tdi cao ciia quyen lue la nhan dan. Nha nude ehi la ehu tha mang sii menh nhan su uy quyan cua nhan dan da td chirc thuc hien quyen luc dd. Khi co su uy quyln (nghia la chu thi thire hien quyln lai khdng phai chii tha thuc sii ciia quyln) se ludn CO xu hudng long quyen, lam quyen, vupt qua gidi ban uy quyen.
Thic nam, each thue t l ehiic quyln lire phai bao dam chdng long quyen, lam quyan, quyen luc dd phai dupe kiem soat va tmh doc lap eua CO quan thuc hien quyan nang bao ve phap luat (quyen tu phap).
Ben canh nhimg gia tri pho bien, nha nude phap quyen con c6 nhiing gia tri dae thii xudt phat tir yeu to dan toe the Men trong ban ehat eua mdi nha nude. Nhiing yau td do co the la dao diic, van hoa tmyen thdng dan toe, van hoa, lich su, dae diem kinh tl - xa hpi, cha dp kinh te, ehi dp ehinh tri...
Trong nhimg gia tn pho bian eiia nha nude phap quyen, gia tri bao dam td chuc quyen lire
nha nude chdng dupe long quySn, lam quyen dupe thi hien co ban d phuong thirc td chuc th^c hian quyln luc nha nude. Nha nude phap quyen cua nhimg qude gia theo kilu nha nude hr san dii sir dung hiet dl nguyen tdc tam quyan phan l§p trong td chiic thuc hien quyln lire nha nude, bao dam chdng lam quyln, long quyln. Trong khi do, d eae nude hudng tdi xay dung chu nghia xa hpi, hong dd ed Viet Nam thi t l chdc thuc hien quyen l\rc khdng phan quyln cung khdng tap quyen.
Quyln lue nha nude la thing nhdt (vi thude chii thi duy nhdt la nhdn d ^ ) , nhurig khi uy quyln (nha nude diing ra nhan uy quyln va thuc hien) thi quyln lue do lai dupe thuc hien theo nguyen tdc phan cdng, phdi hop va kiem soat giGa he thdng eo quan thuc hien ba quyen nang: l§p phap, hanh phap va tu phap.
Trung Qudc lira chpn xay dung nha nude phap quyen tren nan tang la hpc diuyet "phap tri". Nguyen tdc "y phap tri qude" trong xSy dung Nha nude phap quyan dac sac cua Trung Qudc tha hien d nhiing yau eau sau: (1) Cae cap chinh quyan trien khai cdng tac theo quy dao phap tri dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang. Quyen han ciia eac cap chinh quySn duac hoan thien hen co sd phap luat. Thuc hien viec van hanh chinh quyen eac cap quan h vl md cita chinh phu, chinh quyan cap tinh thdng nhat, bmh quan hda chuc traeh cae dich vu eong edng co ban, thuc thi chirc hach ciia chmh quyen cap huyen va thi hdn; (2) Chinh phu thuc hien chiic nang theo phap luat: ca chi, ban hanh quyet sach, the che hanh phap, ca chi gdn hanh phap vdi tu phap; (3) Xay dung chinh quyln phap tri: luat dinh ve quyln Ipi va traeh nhiem, chap phap righiain mmh, edng khai, cdng bdng va hem khiet: chdp phap edng bdng, van mmh.
Thuc hien giam sat ddi vdi quyln lue hanh chmh;
hiye hien nguyan tdc cong khai la diudng xuyen, khong edng khai la ngoai le. Thuc hian chdp ph^p tong hpp: thuc hien quan li hanh phap cua chmh quyan cap huy$n va thj trdn thdng qua lanh dao va dieu hoa, thdng nhat. Xay dung thi chi eudng che, thve thi eudng eha hanh chinh; xay dung eo cau chap phap tong hpp do thanh phd quan H Coi trpng, nang cao trinh dd chdp phap vi muc heu
Khoa hpc chinh trj - S6 P / C Q ^
'Hh'm rathe gi&i
phuc vu; (4) Xay dyng hong toan xa hdi y thiic pliEp Iri: giao dye, hiyai huyin dua he thdng giao iluc phap hi vao he tiidng giao due qude dan (5);
piiip tri hoa trong quan h edp ea sd, quan li va th^t chat quan li qu^n dpi bdng phap luat.
2, Kilm so^t quyen luc hien nay d trung Quoc
-V^M kiim sodt quyen luc nhd nu&c Hiennay,TiungQu6c chu tnrang: Tang cudng xay di^ng chi dp giam sat hong Dang, giam sat dai hpi d?i bieu nhan dan toan qudc, giam sat dan chii, gifei sdt hanh chmh,giam sat tu phap, giam 5^ ki6m t o ^ giim sat xa hdi, giam s^t du luEln;
n6 lire hinh thanh he thdng rang budc, giam sat khoa hoc, hi?u qua d6i vdi van hanh quyen lue, fir^cucmg SIIC manh tdng hpp va hieu qua thuc te ciia gam sdt; rang buoc va giam sat ddi vdi quyan ktc hanh chinh. D6i vdi cae ea quan va cuong vi l£p tung quyan lire, nhu phan phdi su dung vdn tai chinh, giam sat quan li tai san quoe him, ddu tu chinh phii, mua sdm ehinh phu, ehuyin nhupng tai nguySn c6ng cpng va xay dung eac eong trinh cong cgng... thirc h i ^ phan viee phan quyen, trao qi^en theo cuong vi, phan cap trao quyen, dinh ki luan chiQ'en cuong vj, nhdn manh kiam soat quy binh noi bp, ngan ehan hien tupng lam dung (piy&litc.
HoEin flii?n ca che giam sat tdng nac va giam sat chuyen m6n trong noi bp chinh phu, eai tiln vifc gidm sdt cua co quan c ^ tren ddi vdi co p n ckp dirdi, xay dung chi dp giam sat fliudng HQ'en. Hoan thiSn ca chi sua sai va huy ciiu trach oliieni, ki?n toan phuong thiic va trinh tu huy cim irach nhiem. Hoan thien chi dp kilm toan, bao
^ dpc thi quyln giam sat kilm toan theo phap lua^ tang cirong giam sat dii vdi cae hoat ddng
^pUp. Hodn fliian ea chi luat phap ddi vdi viec ccr quan kilm sdt thue hien quyln giam sat; tang (yong giam sdt phap luit ddi vdi td tung hmh su,
>o t\mg dan sy, tl tung hanh chmh. Hoan thien ehi
^ gidm sdt vien nhan dan; giam sat cd hpng dilm m % g chdp phap ciia ca quan kilm sat hong
^?c xet XII tpi p h ^ CO ehirc vu hx)ng eac khau, m« lap an, tam giam, tam giu dong bang tai san,
™ 16... Ccr quan hi phap phai kip thdi hdi am dii
vdi su quan tam eua xa hdi...'''.
Doi vdi ehinh phit, ben canh viec eai each ea eau, hnh gian bp may, phan quyln dupe eoi la bien phap hiiu hieu hong viec ndi long quyln lire hanh ehinh eua bd may chmh quyln. Trung Quic xay dung ba loai hmh danh mue: danh mue quyln luc, danh muc hach nhiem va danh muc cdm. Ba loai hinh danh muc nay se hinh thanh nen ea chi rang buoc, quan li, giam sat quyln luc cong mpt each hieu qua. Ca eha nay xae dinh rd ranh gidi quyln han va trach nhiem giira Chmh phii vdi t l chiic kinh tl, vdi ngudi dan, vdi xa hpi, ba loai hmh danh muc nay duge xay dung dua hen tinh thdn phap hi. Ve ban chat, xay dung danh muc quyln luc, danh muc traeh nhiem la viee chinh quyen va eac ban nganh chiic nang, eac ehu the tien hanh het ke danh muc chiic quyen, chit the thue thi, can cii phap luat cd lian quan, quy ttinh xu li... bang phuang thiie danh muc han ea sd ra soat toan dien quyan lire cdng ma hp dupe phep thi hanh, sau do edng khai cho toan the nhan dan biet. Npi dung cdt loi cua co eha nay la: " l ^ ro quyen li;e, xae dinh quyln lire, phan ehia quyen lire, cdng khai quyan luc va khdng che quyen lyc"*^'.
Ben canh dd la viee thiet lap thiat che bao dam tinh ddc lap, khach quan trong boat dpng Idem ha, giam sat. Hien phap sua ddi (thong qua thang 3/2018) cua Trung Qudc da co nhimg dilu k h o ^ bd sung ve td ehirc va hoat dpng cua bp may nha nude, hong do co thilt che thuc hien hoat dpng kilm ha, giam sat thuc hien quyan luc.
Uy ban Giam sat quoe gia la co quan giam sat toi cao, la sir kit hap giira giain sat hong Dang va giam sat xa hdi, thiic ddy dau tranh ehing tham nhiing. Cimg vdi co quan kiem tra ctia Dang la Uy ban Kilm tra ki luat Trung uong va ca quan kilm ha cita Nha nude la Men Kilm sat nhan dan toi cao va Toa an nhan dan tii cao. Uy ban Giam sat qudc gia la "ea quan giam sat toi cao, thuc hien quyln giam sat doc lap, khdng bj sir can thiep eua eac ea quan hanh chmh, doan the xa hgi va ca nhan". Trong xir li eae vu an ma nghi pham la ngudi eo chirc vu va cae tgi pham ve chiic vy, ea quan giam sat ciing vdi co quan Toa an, Vien Kilm sat cae nganh chdp phap can phoi hpp va
|^*^%^chinh tri - So 2/20t9
Nhin ra the gioi
ehe ude idn nhau. Tir dd, nang cao hieu qua boat dpng kiem tra, giam sat hong he thong chinh hi.
- Van di kiem sodt quyin luc trong Dang Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc la dang cam quyan nan rat quan hpng trong quan h ndi bd Dang; dua vao con dudng ty kiem soat lam cho Dang n-ong sach. Dh lam dugc dieu nay, Dang Cgng san Trung Qudc da dua ra Dieu le kiam soat trong Dang. Kilm soat quyln lire trong Dang the hian nhu sau: (i) Kiem soat quyen lire cua lanh dao cap Trung ucmg: d Trung Quoc, Dang Cgng san lanh dao toan dien nan can kiam soat nhiing ngudi lanh dao eiia Dang; (ii) Kiem soat co quan dang uy cae cap: Trung Qudc dac biet ehu hgng kiem soat chi iiy trong eae co quan, thanh lap ra nhirng don vi kiam soat dang uy trong timg ea quan do. He thing nay dupe thong nhat dat dudi sy lanh dao eua Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc va phat huy toan bg ehiie nang cae ca quan dang liy. Cae eo quan dang uy cap dudi phat huy day dii chiic nang. Dang uy cap co sd ciing c6 nhimg khdng gian dl ed tha phat huy kha nang giam sat quyen lye; moi dang vian eiing ty kiam soat quyen luc. Co the coi viee giam sat. Idem soat quyan lue hong Dang Cdng san Trung Quoc la tir hen xudng dudi; cae ea quan cimg cap cd the giam sat lan nhau, kiem soat tir han xuong dudi cung theo nguyen tdc dan ehu; tao thanh mang ludi kiem soat lan nhau.
Tir Dai hgi lan thit XVIII dan nay. Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc da co nhimg dieu chmh trong phuang phap nay. Trudc het la traeh nhiem eua lanh dao co quan. Khi phat hien vu an do lam quyen se eo bao eao len dang uy cap han. Va dilu nay lam eho viee kiem soat quyen luc dugc thye chat hon, chat ehe hon. Trong qua trinh kiem soat quyan lue, giira cap iiy va lanh dao co quan eimg nhau thye Men. Dae biet, chu trpng ban than mdi ca nhan nam gm quyen luc ay chii khong nhd ngudi khae kiam soat viee nam giii. Cong tae nay khdng phai tian hanh lam mpt ngay, hai ngay ma lam lien tue, la ca mot qua trinh.
Tnmg Quoc ciing da xay dung co cha kilm soat quyan luc eua nhan dan doi vdi chinh quyen theo mgt co che riang. Thye te, Trung Qudc vdn
chu hong kilm soat d edp txen. Kiam soat quyen luc quan hong nhdt la su lanh dao eua Dang va edp uy dang,tiap theo la cap tren vdi eap duoi.
Kilm soat ding edp tfii bj ban eha do cdn mdi quan he phdi hgp cdng tae vdi nhau. Cae ca che kilm soat quyln lye tai Tmng Qudc gdm: (i) giam sat sy lanh dao cua Dang, hong do nhan manh su giam sat hong ndi bp cua Dang; (ii) sy kiim soat ciia xa hpi; (iii) kilm soat bang phap luat: vi du eo quan lap phap... cd ca che kiem soat; (iv) kilm soat qua ea quan hiiyin tiidng; (v) kilm soat giiia eac dang lln nhau (nhieu dang).
Sy kilm soat giiia eac don vj nay dien ra rat manh me. Day la dae dilm quan hgng eiia kilm soat quyln lue tai Trung Quoc. Viee xa hdi ciing nhu nhan dan kilm soat quyln lye eua Dang la budc phat triin mdi. Trudc day, ngudi dan chua cd co chi, bien phap cu the tao diau kien ngudi dan kiam soat va chi phi da ngudi dan tham gia kiem soat tuong ddi eao. Thdi dai ngay nay, cdng nghe thdng tin phat trien nen viec kiam soat cila ngudi dan dl dang hon, chi phi it han nhiau. Khoang 10 nam gdn day, ngudi dan kiem soat thdng qua mang va trd thanh hinh thiie kiem soat rat quan trpng. Vi du, viee lam dung quyen luc ciia lanh dao, ngudi dSn ed iba dua len mang da thu hiit chii y cua du luan. Nhu vay, du luan ciing la lue lugng quan hpng hong ban cha sy lam quyan.
Tren thuc te, an tham nhiing Idn dugc cdng khai hen mang cd tae dgng Idn. Dac biet, tir nSm 2015 den nay, Chmh phu Trung Qudc da quy hoach, lam eho viec khai bao, kilm soat cua ngudi dan len moi ttudng mang vdi ca ehi nhdt dinh; xay dyng tt^g web dl ngudi dan ed thi dua ra y kiln.
Tir dd den nay, viee kilm soat ciia ngudi dan cd trat ty, khdng con tinh tu phat nhu hude day*^l
Ben eanh do, Trung Qude rdt coi hpng vai ho eua cdng tac hidn thi, thuc hien ca che gidm sdt trong Ddng Thang 7/2009, Tnmg uong Dang Cdng san Trung Qu6c ban h ^ "Dilu le edng tac tuan thi cua Dang Cpng san Tnmg Qude (thii nghiem)". Ngay 03/8/2015, Dilu le nay sua dii va ehinh thiic ban hanh. Tir thang 5/2013 din eudi thang 6/2016, Tnmg Quicda hoan thanh 10 Ian man thi, tian hanh tuan thi tdt ea 213 dan vi<*' Khoa hoc chinh tri - S6' 2 / 2 a t f f
*f{hinra thi giai
Tu5n thi hong Dang la che dp mdi eua Dang Cong san Trung Qudc, de cap den viec Trung uong Bang thong qua viec thanh lap cae ca quan thanh tra chuyen nganh, tian hanh kiam ha, giam sat dii vdi lanh dao va dang vian cua td chiie dang edp dudi theo cae quy dinh lien quan. Tir sau Dai hOi Idn thii XVItl, Dang Cong san Trung Qudc da dua ra nhiau hi tudng quan hpng xung quanh viec xay dyng ehi do hidn thi hong Dang.
Chfi dp kilm tra, giam sat la mgt ca cha phan hdi, Cd chi ran de, ca che giao hep, la con dudng quan tong dl hiiu can bO la luc lupng thiic day dan chu. Ddng Cpng san Tnmg Quoc da thdng qua hang loat hoat dflng tudn thi va xay dung phap hi nhiim cimg c6 tuyan phdng thu ca ban da phdng, chfing thoai hoa, bien chdt. Cha do tudn thi cd tac dung thiic dSy ddi vdi ca ehe kiem ha, ki luat cua Bang, tSng cudng ddi mdi eha dp, day manh hem viec gidm sat cua uy ban ki luat cap han ddi vin ddng uy va uy ban Id luat cap dudi, tbiic day the che hai edp l§nh dao eua uy ban ki luat di vao thuc te. Thuc tiln xay dyng che dp tuan thi troi^ Ddng g6p phdn xay dyng va kian toan eha do gidm sdt hong Dang phii hgp vdi tinh hinh dStniroc, hucmg tdi xay dyng, hoan thien mdt he thong chinh tri hem khilt dac sdc Trung Qude'^'.
Dai hpi idn thii XDC cua Dang Cdng san Tmng QuIc (thdng 10/2017) da xae djnh:
mc ti6u chung cita thiic ddy toan dien quan Ii d3t airoc theo phap luat la xay dung he thing phap tri xl hpi chu nghia dae sdc Trung Qudc, xay dimg nha nude phap hi xa hpi chii nghia;
dac tnmg ban chdt nhdt, uu thi Idn nhdt eua chii nghia xa hpi dac sdc Trung Quoc la Dang Cpng san Trung Quie lanh dao. Dang la lue Iwong iSnh dao chinh hi eao nhdt, neu ra mue tieu chung cho xay dung Dang thdi dai mdi, lam noi bdt dia vi quan hgng cua xay dung chinh tri hong xay dyng Dang, ddng thdi kien
^inh khong lay ehuyin quan li Dang nghiam
• ^ i toan di?n (cdng tae xay dyng Dang
^tf?c diit d vi tri s6 mdt, dimg tu tudng xa hdi chii nghia dac sdc Trung Qudc thdi dai mdi J|5 trang toan Dang); Xay dyng dpi ngii can
™ chuyan nghiap hda ed td chdt cao; Tang
eudng xay dung to chiic co sd; Duy tri vmh vien tae phong chinh hiic, diing ki luat; Gianh lay thang Ipi toan dien hong ddu hanh chdng tham nhiing; Kien toan he thdng giam sat, don doe Dang va Nha nude; Tang eudng ban linh cam quyln toan dien.
Hpi nghi Tirung uang 3 khda XDC Dang Cdng san Trung Qudc tilp tuc ban hanh nghi quyit vl eai each bp may ciia Dang va Nha nude tiieo chieu sau. Trong do co nhilu ngi dung lien quan den td chiic va kilm soat quyln lyc nha nude.
Cu tiia: can sap xep bp may va xae dinh quyln luc eho cap ea sd. Tu tudng chit ylu ehi dao eho cong euge doi mdi tai Hpi nghi idn nay la "tu tudng Tap Can Bmh vl chit nghia xa hgi dac sdc Trung Quoc thdi dai mdi". Tu tudng da xae dinh mue tieu thiie ddy Quoc hdi, Chinh phii. Mat tran CO quan giam sat, co quan tham phan, co quan kiem sat, doan the nhan dan, don vi sy nghiap, td chiic xa hpi phoi hpp hanh dpng; dat nhan dan la vi tri trung tam, nam vimg nguyan tde quan Ii dat nude bang phap luat. Cai each theo chieu sau bp may eua Dang nhdm muc tiau: thiie day cai each the cha kiam ha ki luat va the cha giam sat nha nude. Cai each theo chiau sau bp may nha nude la tap trung ddi mdi chiic nang ciia Chinh phu: ban che dan miic M p nhat su can thiep trye tilp ciia chinh quyan ddi vdi hoat dpng eiia thi trudng, hoan tiiien thi eha giam sat quan K va chdp phap ddi vdi hoat dgng cua thi trudng, giai quyit thoa dang mdi quan he chiie nang ya traeh nhiem giiia co quan dang va ehinh quyen, mdi quan he giua Trung ucmg vdi dia phuong:
bao dam thong sudt, co lenh la tiii hanh, tang them quyln ty chu cho eae bg may tii edp tinh trd xuong. Tang eudng nhimg quy dinh bang phap luat hong bien chi bd may, tang eudng giam sat va xii' li nhimg vi pham hong bien che.
3. M§t so gia tri tham khao cho Viet Nam Tir thi chi vl kilm soat quyln lue chinh tri d Trung Quie va qua thye tl cua Tnmg Quoe nhimg nam gdn day, ed till neu mot so tham khao cho Viet Nam nhu sau:
Thii nhdt, thye hien kilm soat quyen lue hong he thing chinh hi cdn bdt ddu tir hoan tiiien nhan
^^^hQcchinh tri - S o 2 / 2 0 1 9
• Nhin ra the giot
tiiiie. Can cd nhan thiic sau sac ve ban chat eua nha nude phap quyen. Gia hi phd bian cua md hinh nay dan tdi nguy co va eac hien mong lam dung, Igi dyng ehtic quyan ket hgp vdi viee tu giac van dung cae nguyen li phan quyen va che ude, can bdng quyen lye hong t l ehiie thue hien kilm soat quyan lyc. Chu the tdi eao eua quyan lyc la nhan dan, quyen lye trong Dang la do nhan dan giao pho, quyen lyc nha nude la do nhan dan liy quyen. Do dd, kiem soat quyen luc trong he thong ehinh tri la tdt yen,
Thic hai, xae dinh ro phuong thiie lanh dao eiia Dang trong mo hmh phap quyen;Thang 9/2004, tai Hdi nghi Tnmg uong 4 (khda XVI) cbi ro:
Cdm quyin theo phdp lugt la phuang thuc eo ban ciia ddng cdm quyen trong dieu kien lich sii m&i.
Y\ec xae dinh: Cam quyan theo phap luat ehinh la phat huy "y phap tri quoc" ciia Dang, xay dung nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chu nghia. Dang lanh dao 1 ^ phap, di ddu hong viec tuan thu luat phap;
bao dam viec thye thi phap luat; khdng ngung thtic day ehinh tri hda, quy pham hda ddi song xa hdi, van hda, chinh tri, kinh ta dat nude; dimg U luan phap luat, the che phap luat, hinh tu phap luat da bao dam Dang lanh dao nhan dan va quan 11 dat nude bang phap luat dat hieu qiia.Cam quyan theo phap luat la lua chpn lieh su tit viec Dang Cdng san Trung Quoe thong qua eu6c each mang gianh chinh quyan den lanh d^o nhan dan xay dyng ehinh quyen; la yeu cdu eua thdi dai tir viec tiiue hien kinh te kl hoaeh hda din viec phat hiln nin kmh te thi trudng xa hgi xa hdi chu nghia, hpi nhap quoe ta trong thdi ki md ctra, cai each.
Dudi sy dan dudng cua li luan cam quyln theo phap luat, con dudng cai each phuang thiie lanh dao cita Dang Cdng san Tnmg QuIc ngay cang sang ro hon, moi quan he giua Dang va Nha nude hong nha nude phap quyen ngay cang duge phan dinh ro rang. Su lanh dao ciia Dang Cong san Trung Quoe ddi vdi Nha nude ttong nha nude phap quyen chit yau la lanh dao vl chuih tri, tu tudng va td chue'^ tiieo phuang cham "Dang lanh dao lap phap, tiiiie ddy hanh phap, bao dam til phap"*^'.
Thic ba, eo cha kiam soat quyan lue bao dam
eong khai, minh bach: edng khai, mmh bach tiie hien d viee: mdi can bp khi tiiuc hien cdng vy phai het ka cdng khai quyln ban cua ban than;
lam nhu till mpi quyln b^n ctia hp deu dugc cdng khai, giam tiiilu quyln khdng dupe lam.
Viet Nam ed till tham khao viec xay dung va tfiue hien danh mye quyln lyc, danh muc hach nhiem, danh muc cdm. Cd nhu vay, quyen lyc edng eiia Chmh phu, Nha nude va Dang mdi dugc quy pham hda, tao ca chi dl dang eho chii till khae trong xa hdi tiiyc hi?n quan li, giam sat quyln lyc, tranh tinh trang lam quyln, Igi dyng quyln luc cdng v\ Igi ich ca nMn.
Thic tu, tiiue hien eo ehe kilm soat quyln luc mgt each ddng bd, kien tii, toan dien hong he thong chmh tri; ed kl hoach cu tiie, Id hinh ro rang de triin khai. Mudn vay, phai ed he thdng cae quan diem, nguyen tdc chi dao nhat quan, thdng sudt tir tren xudng dudi, dac biet la van de kiam soat quyen luc trong Dang, co the tham khao edng tae tuan thi eua Tnmg Qudc trong van de nayO (I) Nguyen Van Lap (Chu bien), Hoi nghi Trung uong 4 khoa XVIII Bdng Cong sdn Tnmg Quoc - "y phdp tn quoc" vd vai tro Idnh dgo cita Ddng, Thong tan xa Viet Nam, tr. 43 - 44
'^' Chu Thiiy Lien, Cdi cdch chuc ndng chinh phu a Tnmg Quoc va mot vdi ggi macho Viet Nam, Thong tin Khoa hoc ly li4n chinh tri, s6 11,12 (24,25)/2016, tr.45
"' Du lieu CO dune tir chuyen tham va lam vi6c voi Hoc vien Hanh chinh Thuong Hai (tu ngay 18/9/2017 din ngay 22/9/2017) theo KS hoach doan ra nam 2017 oia Hpc vi^
Chinh tri khu vitc n
'"' La Ngjin Ph5n, Lam tdt cong tdc phdt hien vdn di - NhOng phdt trien moi trong che do tuan thi trong Ddng til sou Dgi hoi XVIII, Tap chi TiiQuang Cae, si 10/2015, tr.60-61
*^'Tran Thu Minh, Nhung diem mai trung chi do tudn thi cua Ddng Cong sdn Trung Quic sau Dgi hgi XVUI, Th6ng tm khoa hoc Ly luan chinh Iri, S6 11 12 (2425)/2016 tr 54-58
'-^ Tham khao lai; Vo Thanh Khii (2015), Dl tai khoa hpc
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^im hen phat tnen kinh te th truung vd hoi nhap qudc ti
^H9, dong h luan Tmng uong, Ky y6u Hgi thao li luan idn
^u 10 cua Bang Cong sa^ Viet Nam va Dang Cong san TrungCJoc ^^_ dung nha r^, p^^^ ^^^ ^ J ^^
"Shia-K,nhnghi?mVtelNam.kinhnghiemTrunsOudc"
Lam Dong, thang 11/2014 - " irungtjuoc .
Khoa hpc chinh tri - So 2/2^41
