Tsp chi KHLN 1/2014 (3095 - 3100) ft Vien KHLNVN - VAFS
ISSN: 1869-0373 Dang tai tai. www.vafe.gov vn
K^T QUA DIEU TRA VE HO DE (FAGACEAE)
^ VUaN QU6C GIA VU QUANG, TJNH HA TTNH
N g u y e n V i e t H u n g , N g u y e n T h a n h S o n , T h a i C a n h T o a n , D a o D u y P h i e n , M a i T h i e t S o n , P h a m Nfr Q u i n h A n h , T r a n D i n h A n h
VuoTi Quoc gia Vu Quang, Hd Tinh
Tir khoa: Fagaceae.
Vudn quoc gia VU Quang, Ha Tinh.
T O M T A T
Theo ket qua dieu tra co 60 loai thupc 14 chi irong ho De (Fagaceae) tai Vuon quoc gia Vu Quang, tinh Ha TTnh, trong do, Lithocarpus co 37 loai (61,67%); Quercus vai 12 loai (20%); Castanopsis co 9 loai (15%) va Castanea co 1 loai (1,67%) Co 1 chi va 35 loai lan dau tien duac ghi nhan tai khu VLTC nghien ciru. Vucm quoc gia Vu Quang co 10 loai thuoc ho De duoc nhac den trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007) Xet ve gia tri sir dung ciia cac loai thuoc hp De, nhom cay lay go la 35 loai; cay an hat va cay cho tanin la 10 loai va 1 loai cay sii dung lam canh.
Results on species composition of Fagaceae at the Vu Quang National P a r k , Ha Tinh pro\ince
Keywords: Fagaceae, • Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh
According to survey, there are 60 species belonging to 14 genera of the Fagaceae found in Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh province In particular, there are 37 species of Litbocurpiis (61.67%); 12 Quercus species (20%); 9 species of Castanopsis (!5%) and I Castanea species (1.67%). There arc 35 species and I genus first recorded in the study area.
Vu Quang National Park has 10 species of Fagaceae listed in the Red Data Book of Viet Nam (2007). According to utilization value, there are 35 species for timber trees. 10 species for fruit and tannin and one species is used as ornamemal plant
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Nquygn Viet Hiingjl al. 2014(1)
I. DAT VAN DE
Vuon qu6c gia Vu Quang dugc thanh lap ngay 30 thang 7 nam 2002 theo Quylt dinh so 102/2002/QD-TTg cua Thii tutjng Chinh phu, nam tren dia phan hanh chinh 3 huyen Vu Quang, Huong Khe va Huong Son. Tong dien tich tu nhien 53.066ha, trong do dien tich rirng dac dung 52.860ha; ddt lihac; 205ha, day la viing dau ngu6n quan trpng bac nhat ciia tinh Ha TTnh, cac con song 1cm (Ngan Truoi, Ngan Sau, Ngan Pho...) 6iu bat nguon tir Vutm qu6c gia (VQG), day la nhihig chi luu Ion ciia song La, song 1cm nhat ciia tinh. Co toa do tir 18°09' den 18°26' vT dp BSc;
105°16' den 105°33' kinh dp Dong.
Hp De (Fagaceae) la mot hp Itin khoang tren 900 loai, CO bien dp sinh thai rpng, phan bo chit ydu o viing on doi, a nhiet doi Bac ban ciiu va nhiet doi, tap trung nhat la 6 Chau A (Nguyin TiSn Ban, 2003; Meniski, 1984). 6 Viet Nam hien da biet khoang 220 loai, phan loai va thir, ngoai kha nang cho go kha tot va cho tanin thi mpt sp loai con cho hat lam thtrc phdm giau dinh duong (Khamleck, 2004).
Hien nay, da dang sinh hpc noi chung va da dang he thtrc vat noi rieng da dupe dieu tra, danh gia tren cac quy mo khac nhau ciia Vtron (Do Ngoc Dai, Phan Thi Thuy Ha, 2008; Do Ngpc Dai, Pham H6ng Ban, 2010;
Nguydn Thi Thanh Nga, Nguyen Anh DQng, Bang I. Thanh phan loai hp
2011; Le Thi Huong, Do Ngpc Dai, 2013).
Tuy nhien, digu tra danh gia chuyen sau ve mpt hp mpt each day dii nhu hp De thi chua CO cong trinh nao. Bai bao nay la nhiing ket qua diSu tra, nghien cim ve hp De o Vuon qu6c gia (VQG) Vii Quang, Ha Tinh nhjm muc dich cung cdp nhiing dii lieu ve hp De de gop phdn quan ly va bao ton thuc vat mot each ben virng.
II. PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Thu mau va xtr li mlu: Mau dupe thu theo phuong phap ctia Nguyen Nghia Thin (1997).
Cong viec nay dugc tien hanh tir thang I nam 2010 din thang 6 nam 2012. Mau vat dupe luu trir tai phong mau, Bp mon Thuc vat, Khoa Sinh hpc, trucmg Dai hgc Vinh.
Dinh loai: Sir dung phuang phap hinh thai so sanh va dua vao ban mo ta trong tai lieu: Flore generale de LTndo-Chine (1910), Flora of China (1998) va Cay co Viet Nam cua Pham Hoang Hp (2000). Chinh ly ten khpa hpc dua vao tai lieu cita Nguyen Tien Ban (2003).
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.L Thanh phSn loai ho De a VQG Vu Quang
Ket qua dieu tra, nghien ciru hp De a VQG Vii Quang da xac dinh dupe 60 loai va 4 chi.
Da bo sung 1 chi va 35 loai cho Vii Quang (bang 1).
De a VQG Vu Quang, Ha Tinh
TT
1
2 3.
4.
Ten khoa hoc Gen. 1. Castanea Mill.
Castanea sp *
Gen.2. Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach
Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A. DC ex Nance' Castanopsis choboensis Nickel & A Camus*
Castanopsis clarkei Nook, f var. pseudindica (Hickel & A.
Camus) Hickel & A Camus
Ten Viet Nam De
De De gai De gai ia nhon De chp' ba De gai bai thu'p'ng
Dang than
Gtb
Gn Gtb Gtb
Gia tri si>
dijng
1
T
Nguygn Vigt Hung e( a<. 2014(1) Tap chi KHLN 2014
TT 5.
6 7 8 9.
10.
11 12 13 14 15 16, 17 18 19 20.
21.
22.
23 24 25, 26.
27 28 29.
30 31.
32 33 34.
35 36 37, 38 39, 40 41 42.
43 44
Ten l<hoa hpc Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach*
Castanopsis fissus (Champ ex Benth.) A. Camus Castanopsis Itystrix A. DC
Castanopsis indica (Roxb ) A. DC.
Castanopsis uonbiensis Hickel & A Camus*
Castanopsis tnbuloides (Smith) A. DC.
Gen 3 Liliiocarpus Blume Lithocarpus ailaonensis A Camus Lithocarpus amygdalifolius (Skan) Hayata Lithocarpus annamensis (Hickel & A. Camus) Bamett Lithocarpus bacgiangensis (HiiAel & A. Camus) A Camus*
Lithocarpus baiansae (Drake) A. Camus Lithocarpus bentramensis (A Camus) A. Camus*
Lithocarpus bratanensis A Camus' Lithocarpus caiathiformis (Skan) A, Camus*
Lithocarpus comeus (Lour) Rehd. in Bailley Lithocarpus cryptocarpus A. Camus*
Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook.f & Thoms ) Rehd, Lithocarpus dealbatus var. brachyctadus A Camus*
Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel S A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus echynophorus (Hickel & A. Camus) A Camus*
Lithocarpus etegans (Blume) Hatusma ex Soepadma Lithocarpus fannulentus (Nance) Hickel S A Camus*
Lithocarpus gagnepainiana A Camus*
Lithocarpus grgantophylius (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus hemisphaehcus (Drake) Barnett Lithocarpus honbaensis A, Camus Lithocarpus lemeeanthus A Camus*
Lithocarpus longipediceltata (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocarpus magnernii (Hickel & A Camus) A. Camus*
Lithocarpus microspermus A. Camus*
Lithocarpus ochrocarpus A. Camus*
Lithocarpus pachylepis A Camus*
Lithocarpus pseudo-reinwardtrr A Camus' Lithocarpus pseudo-vestitus A Camus*
Lithocarpus rbabdostachyus (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus*
Lithocarpus scodechinii (King ex Hook f ) A Camus Lithocarpus sitvicolarum (Hance) Chun Lithocarpus sp, '
Lithocarpus thomsonii (Miq ) Rehd '
Ten Viet Nam Ca 6i vpng phu De che Ca di la do Ca 6i I n do De gai uong bi Ca di gai trdng De cau De ailao De hanh nhan Soi trung bp De bic giang Sol da la mac De bdn tram De braian Dethung Sdi dd De an qua De trdng De Idng ngan Dedd Sdi gai De thanh De bdi De gagnepain De cau De ban cdu De hon ba De le me De CUOng dai Dethe De trai nhd De trai set De vay day De dang reinwardl De dang phii De gie ddn De vay Idng De riing De De thomson
Dang than Gtb GI GI Gtb Gn GI
Gn GI Gtb GI Gtb Gtb Gtb Gn Gn Gn Gn Gn GI Gtb Gtb GI Gtb Gib GI Gib Gtb Gtb Gib Gn Gn Gn Gib Gib Gn Gn Gn Gib GI
Gia trj SLF dgng T T T.Ed.Tn T.Ed.Tn
T.Ed
T T.Ed.Tn T.Tn T.Ed.Tn T T T T.Ed
T.Ed
T T T.Ed T
T T.Ed.Tn
T.Tn
Or T.Tn
T I
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Nguyen Vi^t Hung ef a/, 2014(1)
TT 45.
46 47 48
49 50.
51 52.
53.
54 55 56 57 58.
59.
60 61.
Ten khoa hpc Lithocarpus fnincatus (King ex Nook.f.) Rehd.
Lithocarpus vestitus (Nickel & A. Camus) A. Camus Lithocarpus vinhensis A. Camus
Lithocarpus xyclocatpus (Kurz) Markgraf Gen.4. Quercus L.
Quercus austrocochinctiinensis Nickel S A Camus * Quercus bambusaefolia Nance in Seem.
Quen^us chevalien Hickel & A. Camus Quercus dussaudii Hickel & A. Camus*
Quercus edithae Skan' Quercus gemettiflora Blume*
Quercus glauca Thunb. ssp. annulata (Smith) A Camus*
Quercus langbianensis Nickel & A. Camus*
Quercus leucotnctiophora A Camus*
Querct/s macroca/yx Hickel & A Camus Quercus petelotii A. Camus*
Quercus selutosa Nickel & A Camus Quercus sp '
Ten Vi#t Nam S6i qua vat De cau long trang Gie vinh De trai cu-ng Soi S6i nam bp De la tre Soi chevalier Soi dussaud Soi edith S6i song sanh S6i vong Soi gudi S6i bach mao S6i d^u to S6i petelot S6i duPi Soi
Dang than GI Gtb Gtb Gtb
GI Gtb Gtb Gn Gn GI Gtb GI Gtb GI Gtb Gtb Gtb
Gia trj su*
dung T T.Ed.Tn
T T T
T
T T T
T.Tn
Ghi chii. * loai bo sung cho VQG Vu Quatig; T: cho g6; Ed: hat an duac, Tn: cho tanin; Or: lam canh; GI: go ldn;
Gtb: go trung binh; Gn: go nhd Qua bang 1 cho thay, ho De a Vu Quang kha da dang, trong do, chi De {Castanea) co 1 loai, De gai {Castanopsis) co 9 loai; De cau {Lilhocarpii.s) co 37 loai va chi Soi {Quercus) CO 13 loai. Ket qua nghien ciju cung cho thSy, trong 4 chi co mat a Vu Quang thi chi Lithocarpus la da dang nhat chiem 61,67%
tong so loai. So vai cong trinh truac do ciia Le Thi H u a n g va cong sy (2013), da b6 sung 1 chi la De {Castanea) va 35 loai cho hp De a VQG Vu Quang.
De thay dugc tinh da dang ho De a Vu Quang, ket qua nghien ciru dugc so sanh vai Viet Nam (bang 2).
B i i n g
Vu Quang Viet Nam
2. So sanh ho De a V u Quang v o i V i e t N a m Sd Chi
4 6
Ty le % 66.67
100
Sd loai, ptian loai v a t t i i j
60 220
Ty l# % 27.27
100
Bang 2 clio tliay, tuy clii chiem 1 dien tich nho a Viet Nam nhung ho De a Vu Quang cung liha da dang voi 4 chi so vai 6 chi chi^m 66,67% tong so chi; 60 loai so voi 220 loai chiem 27,27%. Dac biet dai dien chi De (Castanea) \m 1 loai moi dugc phat hien 6 VQG Vu Quang.
Ket qua nghien ctm dugc so sanh vai cac he thuc vat khac nhu Pii Mat (Nguyen NghTa Thin va N g u y i n Thanh Nhan, 2004), Bidoup- Nui Ba (Luong Van DOng el ai. 2007) va Bach Ma (Nguyen Nghia Thin, Mai Van Pho, 2003) dugc the hien qua bang 3.
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Nguyen Viet Hung e( af, 2014(1) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
Bang 3. So sanh ho De a Vu Quang vai Pu Mat,
Bidoup-Nui Ba va Bach Ma
Vuvn qudc giaVu Quang Bidoup-Nui Ba PiiMat Bach Ma
86 chi 4 4 4 4
Sd loai 60 43 62 43
Ket qua cho thay, thanh phan loai ho De a Vu Quang co so chi bang voi Bidoup-Niii Ba, Pii Mat va Bach Ma, nhung so loai chiem uu the so vai VQG Bach Ma va Bidoup-NtJi Ba, con a Pu Mat thi co so loai cao hon Via Quang (62 so vai 60 loai).
3.2. Gia tri su' dung
Gia tri sir dung dugc xac dinh dua theo cac tai lieu ciia Vo Van Chi (2012), Danh luc cac loai thuc vat Viet Nam (2003), Trkn Dinh Ly va dong lac gia (1993). Da xac dinh dugc 35 loai cho gia tri sir dung, chiem 58,33% tong so loai. Cong dung cua cac loai ho De dugc trinh bay 6 bang 4.
Bang 4. Gia trj sir dung ciia cac loai thuoc ho De a Vu Quang
Gia tri SLPdungNhom cay lay gd (T) Nhom cay clio liat an du'p'c (Ed) Nhom cay cho tanin (Tn) Nhom cay lam canh (Or)
S6 lup-ng
34 10 10 1
Ty le % 56.67 16.67 16.67 1,67
.\!dl loai cd the cho nhieu gid tri sir dung khdc nhau
Bang 4 cho ihay, nhom cay cho go co so loai cao nhat vai 34 loai chiem 56,67% tong so loai, dien hinh nhu: De bpt {Lithocarpus farimtlcniii.s). De ban cau {LiihocarpUH
hemi.sphacricu.s). De do {Lithocarpus ducampii), Soi qua \ a t {Lilhocarpus triincaliis)...: nhom ca\ cho hat an dugc \'ai 10 loai chiem 16,67% tong so loai, mot so loai
chinh nhu: De cau long trang {Lithocarpus vestitus), De ban cau {Lithocarpus hemisphaericus). De thanh {Lithocarpus elegans). Ca 6i an {Castanopsis indica),...;
nhom cay cho tanin co 10 loai chiem 16.67%
tong so loai a Vu Quang voi cac loai dien hinh nhu: Soi duoi {Quercus setulosa), De cau long trang {Lithocarpus vestitus), De rung {Lithocarpus silvicolarum), Ca 6i la do {Castanopsis hystrix),... thap nhat la nhom cay lam canh \d\ 1 loai chiem 1,67% tong so loai.
3.3. Dang than va phan bo
Ho De CO dang than la cay go Ion, trung binh hoac cay go nho, trong do, chii yeu la cay go trung binh (chieu cao tir 15 - 30m) voi 30 loai chiem 50% tong so loai, tiep den la cay go Ion CO chieu cao tren 30m vol 17 loai chiem 28,33% tong so loai, thap nhat la cay g5 nho (chieu cao tir 5 15m) vai 13 loai chiem 22,67% tong so loai.
Phan bo ciia cac loai ho De chii yeu a rii'ng nguyen sinh hoac thir sinh, ven rirng va ira sang. Mot so loai ho De cung tham gia can thanh tao nen tang uu the ciing vai mpt so loai thupc cac hp Long nao (Lauraceac), DSu (Dipterocarpaceae), Dau tam (Moraceae), Trom (Sterculiaceae), Bo hon (Sapindaceae), Dung (Symplocaceae), Dau (Fabaceae), Sim (Myrtaceae) nhu: Soi la tre {Quercus bambusaefolia), De dang phii {Lithocarpus pseiido-vestilus), De cau {Lithocarpus gigantophyllus), De bpt {Lithocarpus farinidefilu.s). Ca 6i gai trong {Castanopsis inbidoides), Ca 6i vpng phu {Castanopsis ferox), De gai la nhpn {Castanopsis
acumimilissimu).
3.4. Cac loai nguy cap va bao ton Dua vao Sach do Viet Nam (2007). hp Dc a Vu Quang, Ha TTnh 10 loai dang bi dc dpa, trong do co 9 loai se nguy cap (VU) la: Ca ui
\png phu {Castanopsis Jcrox). Ca 6i la do
{Castanopsis hyslnx). De bac giang
[Lithocarpus bacgiangensis). Soi da la niac
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Nguyin Vigt Hung etjl. 2014(1}
{Lithocarpus baiansae), De ban cau {Lithocarpus hemisphaericus), Soi qua vat {Lithocarpus truncatm), Soi guoi {Quercus langbianensis), Soi dau to {Quercus macrocalyx), Soi dudi {Quercus setulosa); 1 loai nguy cSp (EN) la De cau long trang {Lithocarpus vestitus).
Hien nay, cac loai dang bj de dpa ciia hp De chi tdn tai rai rac 6 mot so khu vuc nhu: Doc de, khe Buoi. Day la nhung loai co pham chat go trung binh, tuy nhien no cung dugc khai thae nhieu, hien tai sinh tu nhien rat it do hat cua chung bi cac loai gam nham va linh truong an. Ngoai ra, mpt so loai con cung cap nguon tanin cho cac nganh cong nghiep my nghe. Do vay, can co nhimg chinh sach hgp ly de bao ton va phat trien ehiing trong tuong lai.
IV. KET LUAN
Qua diSu tra hp De a VQG Vu Quang, Ha Tinh da xac dinh dugc 60 loai va 4 chi, trong do, chi Lithocarpus da dang nhat chiem 61,67% tdng s6 loai. Da b6 sung 1 chi va 35 loai cho danh luc thuc vat Vu Quang.
Hg De d Vu Quang cd 10 loai dang bi de dpa dugc ghi trong Sach Dd Viet Nam (2007), trong do CO 9 loai se nguy cap (VU) va 1 loai nguy cap (EN).
V§ gia tri su dung, cay cho go chiem so lugng ldn vai 34 loai, cay cho hat an dugc va cay cho tanin ciing vdfi 10 loai, thap nhat la cay lam canh vdi 1 loai.
Cay ho De chu yeu la cay than gd trung binh vdi 30 loai, tidp den la cay gd Ion vdi 17 loai, thap nhat la cay gd nhd voi 13 loai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
\. Bp Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, 2007. Sach do Viet Nam (Ph^n II: Thirc vat), Nxb Khoa hoc Tir nhien va Cong nghe, Ha Ngi.
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Ha Noi.
13. Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga, Nguyin Anh Dung, 2011. Nghien cCru ho Th5u diu (Euphorbiaceae) o Vuon Qu6c gia Vu Quang, tinh Ha TTnh, Bao cao Khoa hgc ve Sinh thai va Tai nguyen Sinh vat, Hpi nghi Khoa hpc Toan qu6c lan thir 4, Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Ngi.
14 Nguyin TiSn Ban, 2003. Hp De (Fagaceae) - Danh luc cac loai thuc vat Viet Nam, Nxb Nong nghiep. Ha Ngi.
15 Pham Hoang Ho, 2000. Cay co Viet Nam, tap II, Nxb Tre, TP. H6 Chi Minh,
16 Tran Dinh Ly vacpngsu, 1993. 1900 loai cay co ich 6 Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha Ngi.
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