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DA DANG SINH HOC KHU HE THlTC VAT NOI KHU VUC VEN BIEN HUYEN CAN GlCf, THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
PHAM THANH LLTU, DO THI BICH L Q C
Vien Sinh hoc nhiet d&i
Tio li sinh vat san xuat co sd dau tien trong hf sinh thai thuy vyc, li mit xich ma nhd do nang lugng va vat chat cua ludi thire in dugc tich luy vi chuyen ddi. Hon thi nua, tio cdn dugc sir dung vio nhieu myc dich khic nhau nhu lam thirc in cho nudi frong thuy sin, quan trie vi xir ly moi trudng, sir dung trong y hge...
Can Gid li huyfn ven bien nim d phia ddng nam cua Thinh phi H i Chi Minh, eich trung tam khoing 50km. Dja hinh dugc bao bgc bdi he thong song, rach vi bien. Huyen Cin Gid chira dyng cic hf sinh thai mang tinh da dang sinh hgc cao vdi nhieu loii ddng thye vat dac hiin ciia mien duyen hai Vift Nam.
Vifc danh gii tinh da dang cua khu hf thye vat ndi khu vyc ven bien huyen Cin Gid dong vai trd quan trgng trong vifc danh gia da dang sinh hge, dy bio dien bien chit lugng mdi trudng, quy hoach nuoi trdng thuy sin dong thdi cung cap co sd khoa hgc cho cdng tic quan ly vi bio ve moi trudng.
L PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Cdng tic thuc dja
- Mau dugc thu hai dgt vio thing 4 (mua khd) va thing 10 (miia mua) trong nim 2008 tai 9 vj fri ki hifu tir CGI-CG9.
- Toa dg cic diem thu mau dugc xic djnh bing GPS cim tay: Garmin Plus III.
- Mau djnh tinh thye vat phieu sinh dugc thu bing ludi vdt thye vat phieu sinh kieu Juday (ynh non) vdi kich thudc mit ludi li 20 pm.
- Mau dinh lugng dugc thu bing ludi vdt thye vat phieu sinh kieu Juday cd gin luu tdc ke.
Cic mau vat dugc e i djnh bing formalin 5%.
Bdng I Vj tri va tea dg cac diem thu mau
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Kihifu CGI CG2 CG3 CG4 CG5 CG6 CG7 CG8 CG9
Diem thu mau Cira Dong Tranh, each mui Dong Hoa 2km
Cira song Long Tau, Vjnh Gianh Rai, each miii Can Gid 6km
Cira song Cai Mep-nga ba song Thi Vai-G6 Dau Can Thanh-con Mo Vit, 1.5km tir bd Can Thanh Bai 30/4, each bd 1.5km
B5i Dong Hoa, each bd 1.5km Bd cong vien Can Thanh Ven bd khudu lieh 30/4 Ven bd khu du lieh Phuong Nam
Toa dg 48p0703341, 1152597 48p0711779, 1158346 48p0717716, 1156916 48p0716389, 1149743 48p0711256, 1147756 48p0706854, 1146941 48p0716098, 1151679 48p0710216, 1148738 48p0707049, 1147814
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Hinh I: Vj tri cac diem thu mau 2. Trong phdng thi nghifm
- Djnh loai mau tao diu dugc fren kinh hien vi Olympus BX41 bing phuang phap hinh thii so sinh.
- Djnh lugng bing phuang phip sii dyng buong dim Sedgwiek-Rafter.
Xiir ly so lifu, tinh toan cdc chi so
Tir kit qui phan tich, thinh phan loii, tinh toan m$t dg thye v$t phieu smh, loai uu the, chi si da dang H' (Shannon & Wiener, 1949) va ehi so uu the D.
Chi so da dgng
^ Dg da d ^ g la chi so thi hifn sy phong phu cua quin xa sinh vat va dugc dimg di dinh gii cau friic quan xa. Nd gdp phan phan anh die diim mdi trudng nude vimg khao sit.
s
H' = - 1 pi In pi (Shannon & Wiener, 1949) i=l
Trong dd: pi la ty so cua so lugng cua loii thir i v i tdng so c i thi trong mau.
Chi sd uu thi
^Chi so uu thi dung danh gia tinh da dang ciia quan xa. Nguge vdi chi so da dang, chi so uu the cd gia trj cang cao dii tmh da dpig ciia quan x3 cang giam.
Nmax
D = (Berger v i Parker, 1970) N
Trong do: Nmax l i tdng so ca thi ciia loii uu thi cd so lugng cao nhat.
N li tdng so c i thi ed trong miu.
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT LAN THCf BA H. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
1. Cau triic thanh phan loai
Da xic djnh dugc tong sd 92 loai, thugc 34 hg, 23 bg, 4 nginh tao. Tao Silic chiem uu thi vdi 74 loii chiem 80%; tiep den li tio Giap vdi 14 loai chiem 15%; xep thir 3 li tao Lam vdi 4 loai chiim 4% vi tao Vang inh ed 1 loii chiem 1%.
Bdng 2 Cau triic thanh phan loai tao ven bien Can Gid
Stt 1 2 3 4
Nginh Cyanophyta (tao Lam) Chrysophyta (tio Vang anh) Bacillariophyta (tio Silic) Dinophyta (tio Giap)
Tong so
So bg 3
1 14 5 23
So hg 4
1 23 6 34
So loii 4
1 73 14 92
Ti If (%) 4
1 79 15 100
Hinh 2: Can triic ti If thinh phan loai tao ven bien Can Gid
(j ci hai dgt khio sit, nginh tao Silic diu chiim tm thi ve so lugng loai; nhieu chi tao phan bo pho biin d nude min nhu: Chaetoceros, Biddulphia. Coscinodiscus, Rhizosolenia co sd lugng loii khi cao. Ben eanh do cd mgt s i chi tao it gip nhu: Bellerochea. Amphiprora.
Eucampia. Guinardia. Streptolheca... cung gdp phin dang ke lam ting tinh da d ^ g ciia khu hf tao khu vyc niy.
Sau tio Silic, tao Giip ghi nhan dugc cic chi nhu: Ceratium. Dinophysis. Gonyaulax.
Protoperidiniu...
Khong da dang nhu tao Silic, tao Lam v i tio Ving inh khdng phan b i phi biin d khu vyc nay; chi ghi nhan dugc mgt so chi nhu: Trichodesmium, Phaeocyslis, Oscillatoria, Dictyocha.
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Thanh phan loai tao ven bien Can Gid
Bdng 3
STT
1
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Ten khoa hgc CYANOPHYTA (tao Lam)
Bg Oscillatoriales Hg Phormidiaceae Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg
Hg Oscillatoriaceae Oscillatoria lemmermannii Woloszynska
Bg Pseudanabaenales Hg Pseudanabaenaceae Pseudanabaena sp.
Bg Prymnesiales Hg Phaeocystaceae Phaeocyslis sp.
CHRYSOPHYTA (tao Ving inh) Bg Dictyochales
Hg Dictyochaceae Dictyocha fibula
BACILLARIOPHYTA (tao Silic) Bg Fragilariales
Hg Fragilariaceae Asterionella japonica Cleve
Bg Chaetocerotales Hg Chaetocerotaeeae Bacteriastrum varians Lauder
Chaetoceros abnormis Lauder Chaetoceros ajfinis Lauder Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve Chaetoceros decipiens Cleve Chaetoceros denticulatus Lauder Chaetoceros distans Cleve Chaetoceros diversus Cleve Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightwell Chaetoceros teres Cleve
Thing 10/2008
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Thing 4/2008
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19
20 21 22
23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
42
r 43 44
Bg Hemiaulales Hg Bellerocheaceae Bellerochea homologicalis Stosch
Hg Hemiaulaceae Cerataulina denlata Hasle in Hasle Eucampia zoodiacus Ehrenberg Hemiaulus sinensis Greville
Hg Streptothecaceae Streptolheca thamesis Shrubsole
Bg Biddulphiales Hg Biddulphiaceae Biddulphia aurita (Lyngbye) Brebisson Biddulphia heteroceros Grunow Biddulphia longicruris Greville
Biddulphia mobilensis (J. W. Bailey) Grunow Biddulphia obtusa (Kutz) Hust
Biddulphia regia (Schultze) Ostenfeld Biddulphia reticulum (Ehr.) Boyer Biddulphia sinensis Greville
Bg Coscinodiscales Hg Heliopeltaceae Actinoptychus annulatus (Wallich) Grunow
Hg Coscinodiscaceae Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenberg Coscinodiscus bipartitus Rattray Coscinodiscus gigas Ehrenberg
Coscinodiscus jonesianus (Greville) Ostenfeld Coscinodiscus lineatus Ehrenberg
Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg Coscinodiscus sublilis Ehrenberg Coscinodiscus thorii Pavillard
Hg Hemidiscaceae Hemidiscus hardmanianus
Bg Thalassiosirales Hg Thalassiosiraceae Planktoniella sol (Wallich) Schutt Thalassiosira sp.
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45
46
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48 49
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51 52 53 54 55 56
57
58 59 60 61 62 63 64
65 66 67
Hg Lauderiaceae Lauderia borealis Gran
Hg Stephanodiscaceae Cyclolella comta (Ehrenb.) Kiitz
Hg Skeletonemataceae Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve
Bg Lithodesmiales Hg Lithodesmiaceae Ditylum brightwellii (T. West) Grunow Ditylum sol Grunow
Hg Lithodesmiaceae Lithodesmium variabile Takano
Bg Naviculales Hg Pleurosigmataceae Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kiitz.) Rabenh Gyrosigma atlenuatum (Kiitz.) Rabenh Pleurosigma ajfine Grunow
Pleurosigma angulatum Wm. Smith Pleurosigma elongatum W. Smith Pleurosigma pelagicum Pdragallo Bg Melosirales Hg Melosiraceae Melosira sulcata Ehrenberg
Bg Bacillariales Hg Bacillariaceae Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) W. Sm Nitzschia longissima (Br6b.) Ralfs Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow Nitzschia paradoxa (Gmeiin) Grunow Nitzschia sigma (Kiitz.) W. Sm Nitzschia sp.
Pseudonitzschia sp.
Bg Rhizosoleniales Hg Rhizosoleniaceae Guinardia flaccida (Castracane) H. Peragallo Rhizosolenia alata Brightwell
Rhizosolenia bergonii H. Peragallo
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HOl NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH THAI V A TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT LAN THCf BA
69 70 71
72
73
74 75
76 77 78
79 80 81
^2
83 84
85 86
87
88
Rhizosolenia imbricata Brightwell Rhizosolenia setigera Brightwell Rhizosolenia stolterfolhii H. Peragallo
Bg Surirellales Hg Entomoneidaceae Amphiprora gi gan tea Grunow
Hg Surirellaceae Surirella gemma Ehrenberg
Bg Thalassionematales Hg Thalassionemataceae
Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii Grunow
Bg Triceratiales Hg Triceratiaceae Triceratium favus Ehrenb
Triceralium scitulum Brightwell Triceratium sp.
DINOPHYTA (tao Giap) Bg Gonyaulacales
Hg Ceratiaceae Ceratium declinatum (Karsten) Jorgensen
Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Claparede et Lachmann Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin
Ceratium lunula (Schiitt) Jorgensen Hg Gonyaulacaceae Gonyaulax spinifera Diesing
Gonyaulax verior Soumia
Bg Dinophysiales Hg Dinophysiaceae Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent Dinophysis sp.
Bg Noctilucales Hg Noctilucaceae Noctiluca scintillans Kofoid et Swezy Bg Prorocentrales Hg Prorocentraceae Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg
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89 90 91 92
Bg Peridiniales Hg Peridiniaceae Pridinium quinquecome Ab6
Proloperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh Proloperidinium spinulosum Schiller
Tong so loii
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+ 72
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68 2. Mat dg te bao (te bao/Ut)
Mat d^ tk bao d ci9 diim khao sat dao dgng tir 1.393-247.813 te bao/lit; cao nhat tai diem CG6 vio thing 4 v i thip nhat tai diim CGI vio thing 10; mat dg t i bao d hau hit die difm vao thing 4 cao ban vao thing 10; tai cac diim CGI, CG2, CG3, CG4 va CG8 mat dg te bio it bien dii giira hai lin khao sat; nguge lai tai cac diem CG5, CG6, CG7 v i CG9 mat do te bio thay doi ding ke giira hai lan khio sit.
Bdng 4 Mat dg te bao (te bao/lit) tai cac diem thu mau
Dtm TlO/2008 T4/2008
CGI 1.393 11.183
CG2 1.430 10.496
CG3 1.663 16.408
CG4 19.262
5.617 CG5 86.316 34.563
CG6 4.269 247.813
CG7 6.403 89.250
CG8 44.288 50.313
CG9 31.402 100.125 3. Chi so da dang (H') va chi so ini the (D)
Chi so da dang H' va chi so iru the
u
50000
A
/ \ / \
/ / "^y^
^ . ^^ y^ \ / ^"'
r-
OGl r=*-^
CXB
1
-.--'' ^—jr • w 003 0G4 0Q5 036 OG7 OCB 009 - A - T 4 / 2 0 0 6 - » - T 1 C y 2 0 C B |
EStor
Bdng 5
Dtm CGI CG2 CG3 CG4 CG5 CG6 CG7 CG8 CG9
Chi so da daneH' T4/2008
1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.3
Tl 0/2008 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.9 2.0 0.9
Trung binh 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.8 • 1.8 1.1
Chi so iru the D T4/2008
0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.7
Tl 0/2008 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8
Trung 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8
HQI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT LAN THLf BA Chi SO da dang H' dao dgng tir 1,1-2,1, cao nhat d diem CG2 va thip nhit d diim CG9; chi si uu the dao dgng tir 0,4-0,8; tai hau het eac diem khao sat, ehi so da dang d thing 10 cao ban thing 4 vi nguge lai chi so uu the d thing 4 cao ban d thing 10; dieu niy cho thay vao miia mua mdi trudng cd dieu kifn thuan lgi cho nhieu loii tio phat frien, so loii cao, ti If loai uu the thip; nguge lai vio miia kho, mgt so loii frong khu hf phit trien manh, ehi so uu the cao va lam tinh da dang ciia khu hf giim.
III. KET LUAN
- Khu hf thye vat ndi ven bien Can Gid khi da dang vi phong phii vdi 92 loii, 34 hg, 23 bg, thugc 4 nginh tio; tio Silic chiem ti le ldn nhit vaddng vai trd quan trgng trong khu hf.
Hiu het cic chi tio ghi nhan dugc li khi phd bien d vimg vCn bien mien Nam Viet Nam.
- Chi so da dang H' d hau het eac diem khio sit tuong ddi cao; vio miia mua khu he thye vat noi co tinh da dang cao ban vao miia khd.
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. Akihito Shirota, 1966: The Plankton of South Viet Nam-Fresh Water and Marine Plankton. Overseas Technocal Cooperation Agency, Japan, 462 pp.
2. Truxmg Nggc An, 1993: Phan loai tao Silic phii du bien Vift Nam. NXB. Khoa hgc vi Ky thuat, 312 tr.
3. Shiro Fujioka, 1990: Illustrations of the plankton of the Kuroshio-waters, plankton in Amami-Oshima Hand coastal water, 170 pp.
4. Yasuwo Fukuyo, Hideaki Takano, Nitsuo Chihara, Kazumi Matsuoka, 1990: Red Tide Organisms in Japan-An Illustrated Taxonomie Guide, Uchida Rokakuho, Tokyo, Japan, 430 pp.
BIODIVERSITY O F P H Y T O P L A N K T O N S ALONG T H E COASTAL AREAS OF CAN G I O M A N G R O V E F O R E S T , H O CHI M I N H CITY, VIETNAM
• PHAM THANH LUU, DO THI BICH LOC SUMMARY
The phytoplankton composition along the coastal area of Can Gio mangrove forest is quite diverse. During the two field frips to 9 sites in 2008, 92 species belonging to 34 families, 23 orders, 4 phyla have been recorded. Bacillariophyta are dominant and play an important role in the biota. Most of the taxa recorded are common ui the coastal areas of southern Vietnam.
