N G H I E N ClJUTHl/CTliN GIAO DUC
1
Van dung phUGing phap day hoc vi mo trong viec ren iuyen \a nang day hpc cho sinh vien
TrUoing Cao dang SiJr pham Ba Ria - Vung Tau
Tran Tliu Hien
Tnlflng Cao ding SU pham Ba Ria - Viing TSu 689 Cacti Mang ThSng TSm, tiianh pho BS Ria, tinh BS Ria-Vung TSu, Viet Nam Email' hientranthii1979@gmail,com
TOM TAT: PhUOng phap day hgc vi md la mdt trong nhdng phudng phip day hgc tfch cue, dua ngudi hgc tdi vi trf trung tam cua qua trinh day hgc. Day hgc vi mo cho phep smh vien dUOc thUc hinh tdng kTnang rieng li trong mgt bii hgc ngan (trfeh doan bii hgc), trong mgt Idp hgc mini (vl md), vdl sU quan sit ghi chip (ghl hinh) vi ddng gdp y kien cua cic sinh vien khic trong nhdm va giing vien. PhUOng phap nay rit thfch hop trong viec dio tao ban dau cho sinh vien SUpham nam chac ldng kining neng biet, hinh thinh cic nang lUc bo phin cda nghe day hgc. Bai viet trinh bay giii phip "Van dung phuong phip day hgc vi md trong viec ren luyen kining day hoc cho sinh vien tai TrUdng Cao dang SUpham Bi Ria - Vung Tau".
TLl KHOA: Day hoc vJ mo; ki nang day hoc; sinh vien; Trifdng Cao tfang Sil pham Ba Ria - Viing Tau.
^ NhSn bSi 01/3/2020 ^ Nhan bai da chinh sila 28/3/2020 -> Djyet flang 05/5/2020
1. Dat van de
Vcfi sir phat trien nhanh nhu via bao cua cong nghe thong tin, nguai hgc co the tiep nhan thong tin tu nhieu kenh, nhieu nguon khac nhau. Dieu nay da dat giao duo (GD) tnrac yeu cau cap bach phai doi mai each day va each hoc. Do vay, doi moi phuang phap day hoc (PPDH) de nguai hgc tich cue, chu dgng, sang tao la rkt can thiet va khong the thieu trong doi mai can ban va toan dien GD, dao tao theo tinh than Nghi quyet so 29. Nhan thuc dugc dieu do, nhieu giang vien da co su doi mai PPDH theo huang tich circ hoa boat dgng nguai hgc.
Nhieu phuang phap dugc thuc hien nham phat huy tinh tich cue ciia nguai hgc nhu: day hgc theo nhom, day hoc neu van de, nghien cuu tinli huong, day hgc vi mo (DHVM)... cung vdi mgt so kithuat day hgc tich cue:
KT thuat khan trai ban, manh ghep, KWL, sa do tu duy...
Trong do, DHVM dugc xem la mgt PPDH lay hoat dgng cua nguai hoc lam trung tam. PPDH vi mo (PPDHVM) rat thich hgp trong viec dao tao ban dau cho sinb vien (SV) su pham nam chac timg ki nang (KN) rieng biet, hinh thanh cac nang lire bg phan ciia nghe day hoc.Trong bai viet nay nay, chung toi trinh bay giai phap van dung PPDHVM trong viec ren luyen KN day hgc (KNDH) cho SV tai Truang Cao dkng Su pham (CDSP) Ba Rja - Viing Tau.
2. Npi d u n g n g h i e n cuTu
2.1. khai quat ve phtldng phap day hgc vi mo DHVM (Thuat ngii tigng Anh la Micro-teaching) dugc khoi xuong tir Truong Dai hgc Stanford (Hoa Ki) vao nam 1963 vai muc dich dao tao, boi duoTig giao vien
mai vao nghe mgt each nhanh chong va hieu qua hon so voi each dao tao truyen thong. Vi mo (Micro) la cum tir de chi su nho le. DHVM hay con gpi la "day hgc trich doan" nghia la co the chia mgt tiet hgc binh thuang thanh nhirng ti6t hgc nho, ngan.
DHVM thuc chat la nham ren luyen KN su pham.Theo each truygn thong, SV hoae giao vien thuc hanh day hgc tren mgt lap binh thucmg, dong hgc sinh voi nhieu boat dgng va sir dung nhieu thao tac, KN phijrc tap. DHVM cho phep SV/giao vien dugc thuc hanh timg KN rieng Ie trong mgt bai hgc ngan (trich doan bai hgc), trong mgt lap hoc mini (vi mo), vai su quan sat ghi chep va dong gop y ki6n cua cac SV/giao vien khac trong nhom. Sau khi ren luyen cac KN mgt each thuan thuc, SV co dii nang lire, tu tin, lam chu cac hoat dgng day hgc, liic nay SV se thuc hanh day tren mgt lap hgc binh thuang. Do la su phac biet gifta dao tao giao vien theo phuang phap truygn th6ng va PPDHVM.
DHVM sir dung co hieu qua trong dao tao nghi D6i vol trucmg Su pham, muc dich ciia DHVM cho phep SV dan lam chu viec quan li cac tinh huong day hgc. Tir do, hinh thanh cac KN co ban cin thigt, tang cucmg nang lire tu danh gia (qua viec nhin nhan lai qua trinh ren luySn KN su pham) de tir do co nhftng dieu chinh kip thai.
Dac tru-ng cff ban cua DHVM
- Nang lire su pham dugc phan chia thanh cac KN rieng biet (KN dat cau hoi, KN to chiic day hgc theo nhom,...), tap ttung vao mot muc tieu xae dinh ren luyen dk thanh thuc lam chu cac KN do.
- Day mgt bai hgc ngan (tir 7 den 15 phut) \-& s6 lugng
42 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM
Trin Thu Hien
hgc sinh ban chl (HS co thg do giao vien/SV trong nhom sam vai).
- Mgi hoat dgng deu dugc ti6n hanh trong thuc te thong qua quan sat va thuc hanh, tap trung vao ren luyen KN Su pham. Vi du: KN dat cau hoi, sit dung phuang tien nghe nhin nbu: may chieu, t6 chuc day hgc theo goe, t6 chuc hgc theo nhom, t6 chuc tro chai hgc tap hoae sSm vai,...
- Cac each ung xu cua nguai thuc hanh day lien quan den KN can ren luyen dugc phan hoi danh gia ngay tuc thi va khach quan.
- Co su trg giiip cua phuang tien kT thuat nhu: camera, video, may chieu, ... Khi SV/giao vien thuc hanh day trich doan bai hgc (ren mot hay vai KN nao do), cac boat dgng diln ra trong thuc te day hgc dugc ghi hinh. Sau khi kit thiic boat dgng, ca nguai day, nguoi hgc va nguai quan sat xem lai binh anh va dua ra y kien phan hoi ve ket qua ciia bai tap thuc hanh. DHVM dugc can cu vao thanh tuu nghien cim tam li day hoc va "day hpc chuong trinh hoa" cua B.F.Skinner (1904 - 1990) (xem Bang 1).
2.2. Quy trinh thUc hien day hpc vi mo Tom tat quy trinh DHVM (xem Bang 2) - Giang vien huong dan nhiem vu va chia nhom;
- SV soan mgt bai hpc ngin;
- SV day bai hpc, ghi hinh va tieng;
- Banh gia bai hgc qua xem lai dia hinh;
- Soan bai hpc do lan thu hai;
- Day lai bai hgc do, c6 ghi hinh va tieng;
- Danh gia lai bai hgc do qua xem lai dia hinh;
Cac giai doan tren co the lap di lap lai nhieu lan cho den khi SV/giao vien lam chu dugc KN, hinh thanh nang luc su pham cSn ren luyen.
2 . 3 . Vi du minh hoa van dung phtTdng phap day hoc vi mo trong viec ren luyen ki nang sir pham cho sinh vien thong qua hoc phan Ren luyen nghiep vu su pham thuifng xuyen (danh cho SV cao dang si/ pham he Trung hoc cd sd)
2 . 3 . 1 . Khai quat ve hpc phan ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham MHag xuyen (danh cho SV cao dang SU pham he Trung hpc cd sd) il TrUifng Cao dang SU pham Ba Rja - Vung Tau)
Hpc phan Ren luyen nghiep v u su pham thuang xuyen
Bdng 1 : D H V M
1. Hdnh dgng ca nhan Can flifcfc thtic heinh vS ren luyen ca nhan doi vdi cac KNSP. Viec thi/c tianh dan xen \&\ quan sat triic tiep.
2. Sif lap lai KN can kinti ttianh 6Mc ren luyen dUdi moi tiinh thde it ntiat tiai lan va c6 ttie lap lgi cho fl^n khi hinh th^nh dUdc KN do.
3. Sli dong vier
4. Sd cung co
NhDng SV dUdc ghi hinh va chi/a quen vdi vi§c thay minh tren man ^nh se dUdc kich thich de lam het SLJC minh. Nhflng ngi/di da quen vdi viec ghi hinh van can quan tam tdi cSch t/ng x i l ciia minh trong tinh hufing. NhCng thanh cdng trong hoc tap ciia SV can di/dc khich le ddng vien kjp thdi.
Trong qua tiinh phan hoi, cac mat thanh c6ng dfldc nSu ra. nhan manh va ciing cfi, c^c mat chfla thanh cdng dUdc thao luan va ghi nhan.
5. Sd tien trien din Ifong hoc t i p
Gitip cho SV hinh thanh va phat tnen nang life si/ pham mdt ccich luan tfl, vung chac.
6. Sd chuyen giao DHVM cho ph^p SV hinh thanh nhu'ng KN sfl pham hieu qu^ so vdi each dao lao tmyen thong.
7. Hpc tap cd liii hoa DHVM ddp flng vdi kha nang ciia tiing ca nhan, cho ph^p ngfldi hoc ti/ danh gia, t i / ren luyen cho den khi dat diidc cac KN Sl/ pham.
Bdng 2: Quy trinh D H V M
Hoat dpng cua gicing vi6n
1. Chuan bi- Xem - Nghe phan tich cac KN can ren iuy^n va xem bang hoae dia mdt trich doan hinh minh hga viec sii dung KN dd.
day minh hoa - Lam viec theo nhdm soan Sai, tfl soan mdt trich doan ciia bai hoc cd ap dung cac KN can ren luyen.
- Gidl thieu phan li thuyet ve cac KN dfldc Ifla chon de ren luyen.
- iHi/dng dan each quan sat mot trich doan day mmh hoa cho viec sfl dung cac KN dd
- Hfldng dan thiet ke mot trich doan bai hoc cd sii dung KN.
2.ThL/c hanh. Day - Thflc tap day mdt trich doan bai hoc (tmng 5 den 10 hoae hoc trong Idp hoc 15 phiit) cho 5 den 10 hoae 15 HS (qud trinh day hoc nay mini cd phan hdi dfldc ghi hinh vd tieng).
- Xem lai va nghe phan tich cua GV v^ SV khac ve boat ddng day hoc tren bang/dia hinh ciia chinh minh
- Hfldng dan SV thi/c hanh tap day.
- T 6 chile gop y, phan hdi cho ket quS thflc hdnh.
- Phdn tieh boat ddng day hoc va xil 1^ tinh huong ciia SV qua hinh tinh tren bang/ dia hinh.
3, Day iai lan 2 - Soan lai trich doan theo gdp y phan hdi.
cd phan hoi - Thflc hanh lai KN da di/de gdp y trong lan day dau tien.
(Cd the se Dhai dav lai lan 3 lan 4 neu can).
- T o chflc viee tap day lan 2
- To chflc gop y, phan hdi cho thflc hanh lan 2 hoae lan 3 lan 4 neu can.
So 29 thang 5/2020 43
NGHIEN CQU THl/C TIEN GIAO DUC
(RLNVSPTX) danh cho SV CDSP he THCS a Tmong CDSP Ba Ria-Vung Tau dugc thiet kk thanh hai hgc phkn RLNVSPTX 1 (Hgc ki I nam thii hai) va RLNVSPTX 2 (Hgc ki II nam thu hai).
y'e noi dung hoc phSn RLNVSPTX 1, bao g6m:
Bai 1: Vi tri, vai tro, y nghTa ciia thuc hanh Su pham thuong xuyen trong qua trinh dao tao giao vien.
Bai 2: Hinh thanh phong each hgc tap - nghien cuu.
Bai 3: Giao tiSp su pham (GTSP).
Bai 4: Ren luyen mgt so KN day hgc . Bai 5: Ren Iuyen KN xti li cac THSP.
Bai 6: Trai nghiem thuc te .
V^ noi dung hoc phSn RLNVSPTX 2, bao g6m:
Bai 1: Nghien ciiu qui dinh ve hoat dgng thuc tap su pham lan 1 va lan 2.
Bai 2: Nghien cuu boat dpng trai nghiem sang tao a tru'cmg pho thong.
Bai 3 • Ren luyen phong each van hoa - su pham.
Bai 4: Ren luyen mgt so kl nang day hgc.
Bai 5: Nghien cuu H luan va thuc tiln GD.
Bai 6: Thuc hanh thiSt kk va to chuc hoat dpng trai nghiem GD.
Nhu vay, ca hai hpc phin RLNVSPTX 1 va 2 dku chii trpng ren KNDH cho SVSP
2.3.2. Quy trinh thUc hien phUdng phap day hpc vl mo trong ren luyen ki nang day hpc cho sinh vien thong qua hoc phan Ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham thUdng xuyen 2
Khi ren KNDH trong hgc phkn RLNVSPTX 1, chung toi thuc hien theo each truyen thong: Chia SV thanh cac nhom. Cac em se soan mpt giao an trong chuang trinh pho thong (chuyen mon sau nay cac em se giang day), giang vien (GV) sira giao an va sau do dai dien mgt SV trong nhom len day 1 tiet (vai giao an ma nliom da soan va dugc GV duyet) trong lop hgc binh thuang (GV va cac SV khac dong vai ngucri hpc).
d hpc phin RLNVSPTX 2, khi ren KNDH cho SV, chiing toi van dung phuang phap DHVM. Lop thuc nghiem la lap ghep cua lap 21B (nganh Li - Hoa - Sinb) va 21D6 (nganh Tieng Nhat).
Ngay vao dau ki hgc, khi bat dau mon hgc, GV thong qua de cuong chi tiet mon hgc va chia nhom SV (Cac em lira chpn theo sa thich). GV giao nhiem vu moi SV phai soan mgt giao an cu the trong chuang trinh pho thong de SV CO KN thiet ke bai giang (Vi giao an can dugc duyet nen giao nhiem vu cho SV ngay tir dau mon hgc). Sau khi ca nhan nop bai soan va dugc sira (Cac nhom ciing chuyen mon sira bai cheo nhau va GV sua lai, gop y, tham chi co the nha GV chuyen mon sira va gop y). Cac SV trong nhom se lam viec nhom de lira chgn ra mpt giao an la chung cua nhom. SV trong nhom se ciing nhau soan giao an da lua chpn mgt each chi tiet va nop cho GV duyet i k 2 (Co thg mn 3,4).
Khac vai RLNVTX 1, a RLNVTX2, G^ ' ^^u ca nhom ciing thuc hien ti§t day da soan. SV pi; ^i i^'ian chia nho tiet day theo timg biroc len lap, tirag hoat dpng...
cho cac thanh vien trong nhom: Co SV se thuc hien buac on dinh, khai dpng din dkt vao bai, SV khac thuc hien cong doan hlnh thanh bai moi voi cac iioat dpng (co the vai SV); SV thi ciing c6 tom tit bai hgc, SV thi kigm tt^
danh gia va giao nhiem vu cu6i bai, Moi SV se day vdi thai lugng 7 - 1 5 phiit hiy theo ngi dung, buac thuc hien theo tlnh chat lien hic cua tilt day 45 phiit. Vi the, ngay khi nop giao an ciia nhom cho GV, nhom SV phai ghi ten cua cac thanh vien trong nhom va phan cong cu the ai lam gi, day npi dung nao theo phan bo thai gian ciia tiet day. Sau khi giao an dugc duyet, GV yeu cau SV phai tap giang theo nhom voi ngi dung da phan cong va quay lai video ciia tiet hpc do. Sau do, nhom cung GV xem Iai va cho y kiln phan hdi, gop y cho timg SV trong nhom (Viec lam nay co the dien ra trong lop hgc hoae ngoai lap hpc). Sau khi dugc gop y, nhom sua lai giao an, luyen tap cho thuan thuc ban.
Den lich kiem tra thuc hanh, tirng nhom (boc tham) Ien thuc hien bai day cita minh truac lop. Moi nhom c6 45 phut de thuc hien ngi dung tiet hpc (Tat ca cac thanh vien cua nhom deu day tii' SV dau tien cho toi SV cuoi cimg cua nhom, lan lugt se thay phien nhau, moi ban c6 7-15 phiit the hien y tucmg va KN su pham ciia mmh truac lap). GV quan sat va chkm diem cho timg nhom dua tren cac tieu chl soan giao an, video nhom) va timg SV (thuc hanh tren lop). Co the khai quat quy trinh thuc hien PPDHVM h-ong ren luyen KNDH cho SV thong qua hpc phan RLNVSPTX 2 nhu sau (xem Bang 3):
Vl du, v6i bai day: RlfOV ETYLIC (Hoa hpc lap 9), mgt nliom SV ciia lop 21B da thuc hien bai day theo phuang pbap DHVM vai su phan chia boat dgng nhu sau (xem Bang 4):
2.4. Danh gia ve hieu qua, nhiing thuan ldi va kho khan cua phUdng phap day hoc vi mo
iTng dung DPTVM vao ren KN soan giang cho SV mang lai hieu qua: DHVM khic phuc dugc tinh trang dao tao/ b6i duong NVSP cho SV thien vk If thuygt gop phan doi mm PPDH. PPDH nay giiip hinh thanh va phat trien nang luc su pham mgt each tukn tu, vung chic, chuin bi cho SV ra trudng c6 the duang dku vai thuc tk lap dong, sir dung t6ng hgp cac KN su pham.
Dao tao truyen thong Li
thuyet
Quan sat tong the
Thuc hanh tren lap hgc binh thuang
44 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
M n Thu Hien
Bang 3: Quy trinh DHVM trong ren luyin KNDH cho SV qua hoc phan RLNVSPTX 2 Hoai tgng c i a GV 1. Chuan bi. • Nghe phan ticti c^c hUdc len I6p ciia ngi/tJi giao vien.
- Xem mpt tiet day -Nghe phan tich cac KNDH Irong tiet hpc do.
minh hpa tren video - Tren cd sd tiing ca nhan soan mpt giao an {da di/dc hddng - Soan giao an vS d3n), moi nhom li/a chon mdt trong cSc giao an cDa cac duy§t giao an th^nh vien trong nhdm fle lam giao an chung ciia nhdm - Phan cdng nhiem (chinh siia va bo sung}.
vu (chia nhd tCfng ndi - Chia ndi dung day trong giao an do cho cac thanh vien theo dung len ldp cho mdi ccic bi/dc I6n Idp (cac hoat ddng) vdi thdi lifpng phti hdp.
thanh vien) Dcim bao t^t c^ thSnh vien ciia nhom fleu dJdc tham gia tiet day Sa soan
- Gidi thieu phan li thuyet ve cac KN dddc liia chon de ren luyen
- HUdng dan each quan s^t mdt trich doan day mmh hoa cho viec Sli dung cac KN dd.
" HUdng dan thiet ke mflt trich doan bai hoc co sii dung KN - Hddng dan each quan sat tiet day minh hoa tren video - Phan tich cac iJddc len lcfp cua ngudi GV (on dmh Idp, khdi fldng, idem tra Ijai cu lien ket vac bai mdi; Day bai mdi vdi cSc boat flong tddng ifng vdi cac ndi dung hoc tap; Cung co, tdm tat bai hoc; Kiem tra danh gia bang he thSng cau hdi trac nghiem, tii luan, bai tap, Giao nhiem vu ve nha).
- Phan tich cac KNDH trong tiet hoc (KN to chile tro chdi; KN dat cau hoi; KN td chile hoat ddng nhdm, KN sii dung ngdn ngU, KN viet b^ng; KN sif dung cong nghe thong tin;,.,).
2. ThUc h^nh: Day -Ctic nhdm se thiic hien tiet day ma nhdm minh da chuan bi;
hgc trong ldp hoc + Lan Iddt tdng SV trong nhom thUc tap day mpt cdng doan
"mini" (trong nhom (trich floan i)ai hoc} trong tien trinh bai len Idp ( 7 - 1 5 phut) cua minh) cd phan tif ngu'di day flau tien (Bat dau tiet hoc) cho flen ngUdi cuoi hoi cung (ket thiic tiet hoc},
+ Day trong nhdm nhd (5 d^n 7 HS).
+ Qua trinh day hoc flddc ghi hinh va tieng - Xem iai va nghe phan tich ciia GV va y kien ciia cac SV trong nhom ve hoat ddng day hpc tren bang/dia hinh ciia ti^ng thanh vien.
- Hudng d i n SV thu'c hanh tap day, - To chile gdp y, phan hoi cho ket qua thiic hanh, -Phan tich hoat ddng day hpc va xil ly tinh huong ciia SV qua hinh anh tren bang/dia hinh.
3 Day lai lan 2 cd - Soan lai trich iJoan theo gdp y phan hoi.
phan hoi - ThUc hanh lai KN da di/dc gdp y trong lan day dau tien (Cd the day lai lan 3, lan 4 neu can}.
- To chile viec tap day lan 2.
- Td chOc gdp y, phan hdi cho thde hanh lan 2 hoae lan 3 ian 4 neu can.
4. Day chinh thilc - Cac nhdm hoc tham thil tii tiet day ciia nhdm minh tren Idp hoc (theo lich - Mol nhdm se thUc hien mdt tiet day 45 phiit theo chUPng kiem tra giSa ki cua trinh phd thdng.
mdn hoc) - Lan lUdt tiing thSnh vien trong nhdm se thay phien nhau len thUc hien trich floan bai hoc ciia minh.
- Td chdc cho SV day chinh thii'c tren Idp hoc cd day 3u cac SV ciia cac nhdm (ca Idp va GV), cac SV 6 dUdi se fldng vai hoc tro the hien sii tUdng tac vdi GV, - Danh g\A, cho fliem nhdm va diem tifng ca nhan.
Bang 4: SV thUc hien DHVIVI bai RifOu Etylic 1 STT Hg va ten
1 Nguyen Duy Khoi
2 Le Tran Ngan Nguyen
3 Vu Thi Thanh PhUdng
4 Do Phi Hung
5 Vu Manh Hung
6 Nguyen Thi Huynh Nhd H o a t l t a g
Kigm tra bai cu, d i n vao bai mdi thong qua muc tieu va cau triic bai hoc bai hoc Tinh chat vat li ciia rddu Etylic
Cau tao phan tif ciia afdu Etylic
Tinh chat hda hpc cua rudu Etyic
Lfng dung va flieu che rUflu Etylic
Hoat iJpng luyen tap, cimg cd, giao bai tEip ve nha.
Thcii gian 6 phut
8 phut
8 phut
8 phut
8 phut
7 phdt
Cac KN dm ren luyen J KN flat cau hdi, nhan xet cau tra idi, KN xae flinh muc
tieu, KN dien d a t
KN d i l n dat, KN flat cau hdi, nhan x^t cau tra Idi, KN viet bang, KN sif dung CNTT,
KN didn fiat, KN dat cau hdi, nhan xet cau tra ldi, KN viet bang, KN sil dung C N H ,
KN dien dat, KN flat cau hdi, nhan xet cau tra ldi, KN viet bang, KN sil dung C N H
KN d i l n dat, KN flat cau hdi, nhan xet cau tra Idi, KN viet bang, KN sil dung C N H .
KN flat cau hdi, nhan xet cau tra Idi, KN sil dung CNTT va phan mem day hoc, KN dien dat KN sil dung ki thuat sd flo tu duy.
So 29 thanj 5/2020 «
NGHIEN ClJU THl/CTIEN GIAO DUC
Li thuyet
Quan sat CO cau true
1
Quan sat CO cau tnic1
Thuc hanh tren lop hoc mini Id nang 1
Thuc hanh tren lap hpc mini kl nang 2
1
1 ' • Thuc hanh tren lop hoc binh thuong- Vi chia lap thanh nhiing lap hgc liho (to/nhom) da tao moi truong hgc tap ren luyen gan gui than thien hon de soan giang a lap lan. Dieu nay da khuyen khich dugc nhieu em tu tin manh dan tich cue tham gia huong img giang tap, kk ca nhimg SV nhut nhat, trung binh va y^u.
Chia nho cac hoat dgng day hgc da tao su tu giac, chu dgng, hung khai, sang tao cho SV. Voi phuong phap nay, 100% SV cua lop hgc dugc ren luyen KN diing lap, khong giong voi each truyen thong chi mgt so em (dai dien cho nhom) dugc thuc hanh giang day mgt tiet hgc 6 tren lop.
- SV chi tap trung ren mgt vai KN, mpt vai boat dgng nho nen de nho, de thugc, de dau tu nghien ciiu so vai phai soan giang ca bai hoae tiet hgc va giam bat nhiing kho khan ve chuan bi do dung day hgc, giam nhung yeu cau dat ra va KN sir dung thiet hi.
- Mat khac, dugc chii trgng ren timg KN tieu tiet nhat da gop phan ren va nang cao KN nghiep vu su pham cu th6 cho timg ca nhan. (Vi du: KN xay dung muc tieu, dat cau hoi, trinh bay bang, dien dat, xir li tinh huong, sii dung PPDH, irng dung cong nghe thong tin,...).
- Thoi gian tap giang theo boat dgng dien ra ngan ggn, khong gay cang thang, ap luc cho SV tap giang va cung khong tao nham ehan, iic ch^ cho nguoi du. Bai moi SV tham gia tap giang da tao nen nhiing phong each da dang khac nhau. Dieu do ciing tao ca hgi khong nhiing cho cac em thg hien ban than ma con hgc hoi va chia se voi nhau rat nhieu.
- Soan giang theo DHVM con giiip cac em co nhieu ca hgi hinh thanh, phat trien, hoan thien cac KN su pham va nhan each mgt each khoa hoc viing chac, tranh dugc kilu GD nang ve li thuyet giao dieu. Dac biet, nhiing SV sau khi dugc xem clip ghi hinh cua chinh minh, dugc phan hoi nit kinh nghiem, dugc giang lai lan thu hai, thir ba da tien bg ro ret. Tir do, SV co thk thudng xuyen ren luyen KNDH trong nhung hoan canh phii hgp mgt each chu dgng.
- Cac doan bang ghi hinh va nhixng phan hoi se cung cap nhiing "mau" vk cong viec giang day cho SV, giiip SV Iua chgn nhirng "mau" phii hgp vol phong each ciia ban than minh. Vi vay, PPDHVM tuyet nhien khong lam
cho qua trinh giang day tro nen rap khuon va -^'-'- i^ac.
Trong moi truang ciia PPDHVM, SV dugc tuyen tap nhiing tinh huong da dang ciia lap hgc, tir do KNDH cua hg mang tinh mSm deo. Hg hgc dugc each ap dimg vao thuc tien.
- DHVM mang lai hieu qua n6i bat, do la ca iihan hoa qua hinh hgc tSp, la dilu kien t6t nhkt de SV nam dugc cac KN su pham mgt each chic chin thong qua viec chia nang lire su pham cua giao vien thanh nhiing KN nho va ren Iuyen mgt each thanh tiiuc qua nhirng bai hgc ngan.
Sau khi da thanh thuc, SV co thg thuc hien giang day tten mgt gio hgc hoan chinh mgt each dl dang, linh boat, co dli kha nang lam cbii cac tmh hu6ng su pham ttong cac hoan canh cu the.
Ap dung PPDHVM ttong ren KN su pham cho SV co tinb kha thi cao. Phuang phap nay co the van dung dugc vai bdt ki di6u kien co sa vat chit nao ciia nha truang CDSP. Dac biet ttong giai doan hien nay, vcri thanh tuu cua khoa hgc cong nghe, dien tho^i thong minh vol chiic nang ghi hinh, nhiing may quay phim chup hinh, internet,., da giiip cho SV ghi hinh bai day cua nhom mgt each de dang. Tuy nhien, trong truang hgp khong co cac thiet bi tten thi van co thi ap dung phuang phap dao tao nay bang each quan sat, ghi chep cac hoat dgng ciia nguai day va nguoi hgc dl dua ra y kiln phan hoi.
Viec ap dung PPDHVM ttong ren KN soan giang cho SV CO tinh kha thi cao va mang lai hieu qua nhat dinh, song viec thuc hien no van con nhieu kho khan:
- Phai CO thoi gian thich hgp de ngucri hgc dugc ren luyen va hlnh thanh cac KN nghi nghiep, Phuang phap nay doi hoi SV phai tich cue tap giang, du gicr, ghi chep, phan h6i nit kinh nghiem va tap giang lan hai, Ian ba..., CO m6t so SV tinh than tu giac chua cao nen doi khi con mang tinh chat doi pho.
- Hon nira, 6 PPDH nay, bai giang bi chia cat thanh nhieu hoat dgng nho, neu khong kheo xit li va khong c6 su chuyen giao hgp li giira cac SV, de bien thanh vun vat, mat tinh logic, thong nhat, phai ton ttgng tinh he thong CO chu dinh, hucmg toi hinh thanh nhiing nang luc co ban doi hoi a moi ngucri hgc. Cilng do chia cat nho bai giang nen doi khi cac boat dgng lech nhau do cau tnic ke hoach bai giang khong trimg nhau va do cac SV khong hgp y nhau ttong each trinh bay bang va diln dat (giiia hai ngi dung day hgc ke tiep nhau).
3. K^t luan
Viec sir dung PPDHVM trong RLNVSP cho SV da chimg to tinh uu viet vugt ttgi cua no ttong viec dua nguoi hgc den vi tri trung tara ciia qua trinh day hgc, phat huy tinh tu giac, tich cue, chii dgng, sang tao ciia hg ttong viec thilt ke bai day, tap giang va hinh thanh KN su pham cho SV, gop phan nang cao chit lugng d6i moi PPDH. Dac dilm co ban ciia phuong phap nay la sir
46 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Tr^n Thu Hien
dung cac phuang tien ghi hinh ttong day hgc. Tren co so nhiing hinh anh dugc ghi Iai ttong hoat dgng day hgc, ca nguoi day, nguoi hgc co the quan sat nhieu lan ciing vai su phan tich, danh gia nit kinh nghiem de to chiic day hgc lan sau tot han. De su dung PPDHVM mgt each hieu qua, doi hoi GV danh nhilu thai gian de gop y, phan tich, danh gia tten tinh than xay dung, quan tam, dgng vien nhiing thanh cong cua nguai hgc. SV true tiep giang day can tich cue, tu giac luyen tap, c6 thai do tiep thu tich cue cac nban xet cua thay co va cac ban voi tinh than iang
nghe CO chgn Igc, DHVM khic phuc dugc tinh trang nang ve li thuyet, giup cho SV hinh thanh va phat triln cac nang tuc nghe nghiep mgt each tukn tu, vimg chic, chuan bi de khi ra truang co the tu tin va thanh cong ttong day hgc a trucmg ph6 thong, PPDHVM khuyin khich sii dung cac KNDH hieu qua khong nhiing cho SV su pham, cho giao vien mai vao nghe ma con cho giao vien da c6 kinh nghiem giang day. Vi vay, viec sir dung PPDHVM khong chi trong qua trinh dao tao ban diu, ma con rat hieu qua trong dao tao Iai va boi duong giao vien.
Tai li^u tham khao
[1] Nguyen Lang Binh (chu bien) - Do Hirong Tra, (2017), Day vd hoc tich ctfC - mgt so phuang phdp vd Id thudt dgy hoc, NXB Dai hpc Su pham Ha Noi
[2] Dir an Vift - Bi, (2003), Ap dung day vd hpc tich cue trong mon Tdm ll - Gido due hgc, NXB Dai hpc Su phara Ha NSi.
[3] Phara Thanh Nghj, (2013), Tam li hgc gido due, NXB Dai
hgc Quflc gia Ha Npi.
[4] Pham Tmng Thanh (chu bien) - Phjira Thi Ly, (2003), Ren luyen nghiep vu su phgm thudng xuyen, NXB Dai hpc Su pham Ha Noi,
[5] Phara Tnmg Thanh (chu bien) - Pham Thi Ly, (2007), Bdi lap ren luyen nghiep vu supham ihudng xuyen, NXB Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi.
MICRO - TEACHING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE TRAINING OF TEACHING SKILLS FOR STUDENTS AT BA RIA-VUNG TAU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Tran Thu Hien Ba Ria -Vung Tau College of Education BB9 Cach Mang Thang Tam, Ba Ria city, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, Vietnam Email hien,lranlliu1979@gmail,com
ABSTRACT: Micro-teaching is one of the progressive teaching methods in light of student-centeredness. The Micro-teaching method creates ample opportunities for students to practice Individual skills in a shod lesson (an excerpt of the lesson) In a mini-class (micro), with observation (videotaping) and feedback from other students In the group and their lecturer. This method proves to be suitable for pedagogical students to master each individual skill, forming parts of their teaching professional competencies. It is the aim of this article to present the application of the micro-teaching method in the training of teaching skills for students at Ba Ria - Vung Tau College of Education KEYWORDS: Micro-teaching; teaching skills; students; Ba Ria - Vung Tau College of Education.
So 29 iDang 5/2020 4/
