m
AN TOAN GIAO THONG - GIAO THONG DO T H !YtU TO COU NGtJOl
trontf trat tii Va an toan giao thong
T
heo sb lieu thd'ng ke da edng bb trong m i y nam gan day, chung ta nhan thay cd d i n khoang tren 70% sb vu tai nan giao thdng xay ra la do ngOdi dieu khien phOdng tien giao thdng vi pham luat le giao thdng gay nen. Bdi vay, de giai q u y i t van de an toan giao thdng nham giam t h i i u sb vg tai nan giao thdng thi ehung ta can phai chu y d i n yeu tb eon ngodi.Con ngodi tham gia giao thbng thi du mpi thanh phan, vdi trinh dp hieu b i i t ve giao thdng r i t khac nhau, trong dd bao gbm ca nhQng ngOdi chOa b i i t chQ eho d i n nhOng ngodi da dope dao tao k i i n thOe chuyen mdn ve giao thdng. Dac d i i m chung eua tuyet dai da sb nhOng ngodi tham gia giao thbng nay la sQ di e h u y i n tQ phQdng thOe di bd eho d i n viee sO dung cae phOdng tien giao thdng khac nhau nham dat dope mue dich giai q u y i t nhQng nhu eau ve kinh t i , tinh cam, tinh than, tam linh cua ban than minh. Nhu eau cua con ngodi thi r i t da dang, nhong theo kinh nghiem tbng k i t cua Ddng phOPng hpc thi hoat ddng cua eon ngodi la nham thoa man 6 nhu cau cd ban: thQe (an), y (mac), cO (d), hanh (di lai), khang (sQc khoe), lac (vui ve). Hoat ddng di lai eua eon ngQdi vao mdt thdi d i i m nao dd nho di luc nao, di dau, di kieu gi, dope q u y i t dinh bdi cai gpi la "ddng cd trdi" - dd la ddng cd thue day mbi ngOdi q u y i t dinh di d i n mdt ndi nao dd d i giai q u y i t mpt nhu cau nao dd ma luc dd ban than dope coi la bOc xue nhat. Viee q u y i t djnh theo "ddng
TS. DONG XUAN THANH
Trudng Dai hgc Cdng nghiep TP. Hd Chi Minh
cd trbi" nao thi lai do vbn kien thOe hieu biet, sQ tiip nhan thbng tin k i t hdp vdi kha nang to ehu cua ngQdi dd. Dbi vdi nhQng ngodi thieu sang sub't, t h i i u ban ITnh to chu thi hp thodng hay bj rbi tam va d i n d i n viec c h u y i n dpng lung tung, kem hieu qua dbi vdi hoat ddng sbng cua ehinh hp. Loai ngObi nay khi di ra dodng thQdng hay lo au, hdt hd hdt hai, thieu tap trung ehu y vao dodng di, phbng nhanh, vOdt au, tao nguy ed gay mat an toan giao thbng eho chinh minh va cho nhOng ngodi khac. Day cung la bieu hien cua hien topng t h i i u van hoa, cd nhQng hanh vi Ong xQ khdng dung mOc vdi mdi trQdng xa hbi va to nhien. NhOng bieu hien Ong xO nay phu thupe vao tinh each banfi sinh eua ca the cung nhO tae dbng giao due eua moi trodng xa hdi. Tinh each bam sinh eua con ngodi thi lai do ban t h i i t k i gien quy djnh, phu thudc vao sQ sip x i p cua khoang 3 chgc nghin gien quy djnh nhQng dac tfnh sinh hpe cP ban eua con ngodi. Lgc phu, ngu tang eua con ngodi hoat ddng theo dac diem t h i i t ke bp gien eua ngodi dd va phat ra cac tfn hieu dang xung than kinh hQu tuyen (chay theo eac dodng day than kinh) truyen ve nao bd thbng bao trang thai hoat dbng cung nho nhu c i u cua cac bb phan trong cP the de nao bd ra nhQng q u y i t djnh phan hbi dieu t i i t . Trong mdt thdi diem nao dd, ngoai cae thbng tin tren, nao bo cbn dbng thdi xO ly cae nhu eau thue day cua tiem y thOc, cae thdng tin nay dope tiep nhan dodi dang sdng sinh hpc (tOdng to vdi dang sdng vd tuyen) nhd mdt bo
AN TOAN GIAO THONG - GIAO THONG DO THI Tap Chf GTVT 11/2010 1
phan nhd xiu c i u tao tQ hang ty cac phan tQ tO tinh nam trong tieu nao, ed tae dgng nho mdt may thu - phat sdng, thu nhan nhOng thdng tin tO mdi trodng (ke ea cae thdng tin tO vu trg xa xubng trai d i t dodi dang cac ham nang lopng - thdng tin). SQ tiep nhan va xQ ly cac ngubn thdng tin hOu t u y i n va vd tuyen nay se quyit djnh "dbng cd t r d i " cua mdi ngodi trong mbi mpt thdi diem nao dd, ehfnh dieu nay da thuc day con ngodi hoat dbng dich c h u y i n tQ ndi nay d i n ndi khac, tao kha nang va cham tren dodng di d nhQng nPi ma danh tO chuyen mbn gpi la " d i i m xung dot". Viec x u i t hien "diem xung dot" va kha nang cae phOPng tien va cham nhau la tat yeu xay ra khi ed nhieu phan tO chuyen ddng theo eae hodng giao eat nhau va mOc dp xay ra tai nan giao thdng nang, nhe la phu thudc vao td'c dp chuyen dbng, tinh nang ky thuat eua t h i i t bi ham va kha nang phan xa ham dQng trOde diem xung dot eua ngodi dieu khien phOdng tien giao thdng.
Qua phan tieh sP bd theo Ly thuyet he thbng tbng the con ngOdi d tren, ehung ta nhan t h i y mbi ngodi can phai tQ hpc hdi, ren luyen tu dodng ban than minh la chinh, cdn y i u tb giao dgc cua xa hdi thdng qua eae ehe tai trong luat phap, cp ehe, ehinh sach,... ehi la nham tao them cae phan xa ed dieu kien (theo hpc thuyit Pap-lbp) mang tinh djnh hodng giup cho mbi ngodi b i i t each t i i t e h i nhOng ham mubn thai qua eua minh, de cb the tQ chu hdn trong v i n de xO ly thdng tin ra quyit djnh hanh ddng, tO dd ma ed dope nhQng hoat ddng di lai, Qng xQ phu hdp vdi dieu kien hoan canh xa hbi hien tai, nang cao tdnh van hoa trong giao thdng.
Hieu dope b i n chat cua van de nhO tren, ehung ta
cd t h i tim ra cac giai phap thich hpp de tac ddng cd hieu qua vao y thQe c h i p hanh Luat Giao thdng n h i m cai thien thoc trang giao thdng ldn xdn keo dai subt nhieu nam nay. Hien trang nay da dope phat triin d i n to nhieu nam trodc day, do nguyen nhan t h i i u traeh nhiem xa hdi cua mdi ngodi chung ta, trong dd ed ca nhQng ngodi lam cdng tac quan ly giao thdng, nhQng ngodi k i i m soat thQe thi Luat Giao thdng. Sb ngodi khdng chap hanh luat le giao thdng kha ddng, tinh trang giao thdng Ipn xdn, hbn loan p h i n nhieu la do so q u i n ly y i u kem va tri tre cua nhQng ngodi lam edng tae quan ly va kiem soat giao thdng cung nho hieu qua chOa eao eua edng tac tuyen truyen giao due y thQe c h i p hanh Luat Giao thdng. Mdt sb eae bien bao dat khbng hdp ly hoae khdng dope thay t h i kjp thdi khi da lac hau, hay mdt tfn hieu den dat khdng hpp ly d nga ba, nga to ma cham dope sQa dbi da thue day hang ngan, hang van ngodi coi thodng tfn hieu dieu khien giao thdng. Quan diem triet hpe "thQe t i i n la tieu ehuan cua chan ly" se giup mpi ngodi danh gia k i t qua dung, sai eung nho hieu qua cua edng tae tham mOu quan ly Nha node trong ITnh vQc GTVT eung nhiiu ITnh vQc xa hpi khac. Trong xa hdi lue nao cung tbn tai du eae mOc dp, trinh dp h i i u b i i t ve giao thdng khac nhau, khdng khi nao cd sQ dbng d i u . Cung tOdng to nho trong viec hpe, trong b i t ky thdi d i i m nao cung cd nhQng ngOdi da hpc xong cac bac hpc r i t eao, trong khi dd cd nhQng ngodi v i n cdn mu chO hoae bat dau vao Idp mdt, nhong hp deu ed nhu eau tham gia giao thdng va dd la bai toan thoc tien can dope giai q u y i t de dam bao dope trat tQ an toan giao thdng •
XAY DdNG QUY TRiNH...
(Tiep theo trang 27)
nang - Thi nghiem khdng pha huy danh gia sQc chju tai mat dodng san bay" la phOPng phap ed trien vpng nen can dope ap dgng d Viet Nam.
4. Can ed eac nghien cOu chuan hda phOPng phap danh gia sQc chju t i i mat dodng san bay phu hdp vdi tieu c h u i n khai thac san bay cua Viet Nam.
5. D i ed quy trinh tbt can xay dQng phbng thi nghiem va cb thiit bj danh gia sQc chju tai mat dodng san bay d Viet Nam phuc vg nghien cOu va Ong dung.G
Tai lif u tham khdo
[1]. Tai lieu Hdi thao qube t i ve Cdng ngh# diJng HWD {Miy rdi chan dgng nang) thi nghiam khdng pha huy de danh gia sufc chju tdi mat dudng san bay do Cdng ty Dy- natest k i t hdp vdi Vien KHHK va Hpi Khoa hpe Ky thuat cbng trinh Hang khbng Viet Nam tb ChQc tgi Vipn KHHK thang
10/2004.
[2]. Tai lieu Hdi thao qud'c t i ve Cdng nghe thf nghiem khong pha huy de danh gia sufc chju t i i mat di/dng san bay do Cdng ty To v i n Khao sat T h i i t k i Hang khdng (AEC) k i t hpp vdi Cdng ty Scot w/ilson dodi so b i o trd eua Cue Hang khdng Viet Nam tb ehQe tai Cgc HKVN thang 3/2007.
[3]. Quy trinh va Bao eao danh gia sQc chju tai mat dodng san bay do Cdng ty AEC thQe hien nam 2009.
[4]. Thdng to cua Cue Hang khdng lien bang Bd GTVT Hoa Ky sb 150/5370-11 A, ngay 29/12/2004 ve "l^ng dgng thi nghiem khbng pha huy danh gia mat dodng san bay".
[5]. Quy trinh t h i i t k i mat dodng san bay dan dung Viet Nam TCCS 2:2009/CHK.
[6]. Tieu c h u i n san bay trOc thang dan dung Viet Nam TCCS 03: 2009/CHK.
[7]. Tieu chuan ve quy trinh bao dodng duy tu san bay dan dgng Viet Nam TCCS 06:
2009/CHK.
MOT SO CHi TIEU.
Hr
-KT
(Tiep theo trang 53)
(d/m2)
(1.8)
Trong dd:
- H Q : Hieu qua kinh te eua viec sO dung dat;
- LKT : Tong ldi ich kinh te xa hbi cua ca ddi do an; Tong ldi ich eua dQ an dope xac djnh bang tbng thu nhap eua do an trQ di tbng chi phi cua dQ an.
Chi tieu nay nham Qu tien phQPng an xay dQng eb dien tieh mat dat b|
chiem dung nhd hoac ldi ich thu dOdc eiia do an tren mdt ddn vj dien tich dat chiem dgng Idn.
Nghien cQu cac chi tieu danh gia sQ dgng dat trong xay dQng k i t c i u hg tang GTDT la mdt ndi dung quan trpng trong viec xay dQng cac giai phap nham nang eao hieu qua sO dung d i t trong phat trien GTDT. Hy vpng nhQng v i n de neu tren dope eae nha khoa hpe vk eae nha quan ly nghien cQu va ph^t trien de gdp phan nang cao hieu q u i cbng tac d i u to xay dQng edng trinh giao thdng d node ta •
